A screwdriver is a necessary tool in the household, but the time comes and its source of energy - the battery stops working. Models are constantly changing and find the right battery sometimes it fails. At the same time, you can completely restore it or extend its service life by 2-3 years. This article explains how to repair a screwdriver battery.
Disassembling the battery
When deciding whether it is possible to restore a screwdriver battery, you must first of all figure out how to remove the elements from it. The battery is housed in a plastic case made of two halves. First you need to unscrew the connecting screws. If the connection is made with glue, you will have to tinker with a screwdriver or chisel. You should disassemble it carefully so that you can seal the case again later.
Inside there are elements connected in series. Some designs use a parallel-series connection.
Replacing elements
When deciding how to restore a screwdriver battery, you must first of all identify faulty banks that are spoiling its operation. If the battery is dead, you need to charge it and then check the voltage on all elements. It should not differ from the nominal value by no more than 10%.
Repair consists of how to restore the screwdriver as a whole. It is affected by the serviceability of each element. It must have a given capacity, which means the ability to power the load connected to it. Sometimes it is better to replace failed elements that quickly discharge. They can be detected by corrosion or the presence of characteristic traces of electrolyte on the surface.
One or two elements can be a serious hindrance to the operation of the entire line.
If the battery is used for more than 3 years, then most of the elements may be faulty. In this case, it is better to replace them all. It is important that they are suitable in voltage and size. The cost of batteries assembled separately is lower than new ones assembled.
The serviceability of each bank is checked by the value of internal resistance, which should be about 0.06 Ohm. To do this, connect a load to it (a 5-10 Ohm resistor) and at the same time determine the current and voltage. It is convenient to use low-voltage incandescent lamps. Measurements are made with two different resistances, respectively 30% and 70% of the permissible load. The 2nd is subtracted from the 1st voltage, and the 1st from the 2nd current. Then the subtraction results are divided and, in accordance with Ohm's law, we find the internal resistance of the battery.
The battery is often sold complete with a spare. Of the two, you can collect one and still have jars left in stock. It is advisable to use them somewhere as power sources, for example, for a flashlight with a car lamp.
After diagnostics, the elements that have passed the test are assembled into a line. The selected set must be soldered in the same order. The can body has negative polarity, and the middle bus has positive polarity. Then, without assembling the battery, you should connect it to it. In this case, you need to control the temperature of the elements. If they are working properly, then there should not be severe overheating. After the charging time has expired, as well as after a day, the voltage on each element should be measured. If any battery drains by more than 10%, it must be replaced with a new one. After the battery will pass the test, you can finally assemble its body. The fastening screws are screwed into place according to the dimensions, and acetate acrylate (“Super Glue”) is used as glue. With proper selection of elements, the battery will serve like new. After charging, it should be subjected to intensive training, putting maximum load on the screwdriver until it runs out of charge. Such cycles should be repeated 2 more times, and then 1 time per quarter.
Restoring cans
Batteries that do not pass the test should not be thrown away in a hurry. The main reason for their failure is the evaporation of water through sealing gum located between the body and the middle tire. When it is completely “zero”, the battery is briefly charged by pulsed voltage supply of 12 V through a resistance of 40-50 Ohms. At the same time, care should be taken to ensure that the housing does not overheat. If after this there is still no voltage on it, the jar can be thrown away.
To restore the electrolyte, some craftsmen drill mini-holes for the syringe needle in the side recess of all batteries. The jars are then filled with distilled water. Afterwards, the batteries should sit for 24 hours. The battery is then “trained”, charged and the voltage on each element is checked. The holes are sealed with silicone.
How to restore a screwdriver battery
The batteries inside all look similar. They consist of cans soldered in series. The result is the total battery voltage at the output contacts. The following types of elements are used:
- Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium, U=1.2 V).
- Ni-MH (nickel metal hydrite, U=1.2 V).
- Li-Ion (lithium-ion, U=3.6V).
Battery for screwdriver "Interskol"
The Interskol screwdriver is one of the most popular due to its versatility. Except main function it can also serve as a drill.
The batteries in it can be any of the common ones. Nickel-cadmium and metal hydrite are used more often as they are cheaper and quite powerful. For them to work reliably, they must be fully discharged and charged to fully utilize the charge. Otherwise, the service life of the equipment is significantly reduced. The reversible loss of cell capacity due to incomplete discharge and charging is called the memory effect.
They do not have this disadvantage, but they have much high price. During operation, when every minute counts, a small recharge is often required to maintain the required power of the screwdriver. Here, such batteries are indispensable, since their capacity can be quickly restored.
The buyer chooses the Interskol screwdriver battery independently, depending on preferences, capabilities and the required work. In most cases, nickel-cadmium batteries are used.
How to restore the battery of an Interskol screwdriver if it has not been used for a long time? During operation, you must try to ensure that the voltage does not drop to zero. For a 1.2 V can, the discharge is up to 0.9 V. If it is completely discharged during long-term storage, the charger may not “see” it. It is necessary to “push” the battery with another, more powerful current source so that a small voltage appears on it. After this, you can connect it to a standard charger.
Makita screwdriver
Before you can restore the battery, you first need to disassemble its case. It consists of 2 halves connected with glue. If you gently tap the battery case with a rubber hammer, the glue will come off. In some places there may be problems with disassembly. There may need additional hand tool. Next, you should separate the halves of the case, holding the terminals with a screwdriver.
In terms of performance characteristics, the Makita drill-driver is close to a network tool. Autonomous power supply is provided by 2 replaceable Li-Ion batteries. Computer charging technology allows them to be restored in just 22 minutes. At the same time, it is significantly increased.
Faulty banks must be replaced with similar new models. If they are difficult to find on sale, you will have to assemble one from two batteries. Factory welding can be contact welding, but during repairs you will have to create a connection by soldering.
How to restore a Bosch screwdriver battery
Bosch screwdrivers are perfect for non-professional use. They contain batteries with Ni-Cd cells. They can withstand high load currents, but quickly self-discharge (in 3-4 weeks). They must be restored at least once a month to prevent them from breaking down. In addition, during operation, the elements become unbalanced and capacity is lost over time.
One of the restoration methods is to disassemble the case and “train” each element separately. If this doesn't help much, some of them will have to be replaced. Then the battery will last for a long time.
Hitachi screwdriver battery restoration
How to restore the battery of a Hitachi screwdriver? Both Ni-Cd batteries need to be charged, after which they should be disassembled and the voltage on each bank should be measured with a load of 1.5 ohms. Elements showing lower voltage can be thrown away, and whole ones can be assembled into one high-quality battery. Just 1 or 2 banks can spoil the impression of a battery. How to restore the battery of a Hitachi screwdriver, as well as all other models, depends, first of all, on the type of elements installed in them.
Aeg screwdriver battery restoration
The screwdriver comes with 2 Li-Ion batteries. If one of them does not charge, this does not mean that it is faulty. It is quite possible that it is too discharged. To do this, you can try to “train” the battery by applying a pulse voltage to it, and then put it on charge. The most in a simple way is to connect to a charged battery for a few seconds.
After it was not possible to restore the battery of an Aeg screwdriver using the above method, its case should be disassembled and each battery checked.
- If the battery has not been used, it should be discharged once a month permissible load and charge again.
- It is advisable to buy a screwdriver with two batteries included.
- Screwdrivers must be stored and used in conditions that prevent ingress of moisture.
Conclusion
How to restore a screwdriver battery? There are several ways. Before disassembling it, you must try to find the cause of the malfunction, which may also lie in the mechanism or charger. By following the battery operating rules outlined in the instructions, you can significantly extend its service life.
Posted on 09/01/2012, 18:14 h
Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most advanced (and expensive) type of battery for high-volume, mass-produced power tools. Structurally, a lithium-ion battery is no different from the batteries discussed above. The difference is in the chemical process. The battery anode is made of lithium oxide with cobalt or manganese, the cathode is made of graphite. An organic solvent is used as an electrolyte. During the charging process of the battery, lithium ions move and bind to the negative carbon electrode material, and the reverse process occurs during operation.
Invented back in 1912, lithium-ion batteries for a long time didn't find practical application due to technological problems. One of the main ones was the problem of dendrites - crystalline formations, similar to a tree, developing on the surface of the positive electrode. The dendrite grew after each charge-discharge cycle, eventually reaching the surface of the negative electrode, which was immediately followed by a short circuit and explosion of the battery. This, as well as some other problems, were eliminated in 1991 by Sony, which equipped the battery with a control electronics unit that is used to supply Li-Ion batteries to this day.
In most respects, lithium-ion batteries are significantly superior to nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. For example, the nominal voltage of one cell is 3.6 V, the energy density can reach 200 Wh/kg, self-discharge is lower than other types of batteries (does not exceed 5% per month), fast (and even ultra-fast) charging is possible and There is absolutely no memory effect.
The “fly in the ointment” is the rather short service life lithium ion battery(previously it was about three years, now it’s from seven to ten), and it doesn’t matter whether he worked or not. However, the topic short term is also a kind of myth - someone claims that Li-Ion batteries last no more than three years, practice shows that five to seven for sure, and the Mitsubishi company says about its i-MiEV electric car that its batteries will lose power in ten years no more than 10% capacity. Also theoretically, the number of possible charge-discharge cycles is less than with other types of batteries. The disadvantages can also be added to the limited operating temperature range and, of course, high cost.
It is also worth noting the electronics mentioned above, which are necessarily built into any Li-Ion battery to prevent any emergency situations (otherwise it simply will not pass certification). Essentially, this is a simple chip that controls temperature and voltage, but it constantly consumes energy - as you might guess, it gets it from the battery itself. Although this consumption is negligible, a completely discharged Li-Ion battery left on a shelf for a year will most likely become unusable: the chip will eat up the remaining energy, and the charger will no longer be able to revive it due to chemical features batteries. So it is better not to completely discharge Li-Ion batteries, but be sure to charge them when sending them for storage.
24.07.2019
How to extend the life of a screwdriver battery
Specific model The screwdriver has its own type of battery: magnesium, lithium or nickel. It is necessary to follow the operating rules so that the screwdriver lasts as long as possible.
Nickel-cadmium type
This is the most old version batteries that use positive electrodes made of nickel and negative electrodes made of cadmium. The first such battery was invented in 1899. However, there was a dangerous side effect during operation: the accumulated oxygen while the battery was being recharged could lead to an explosion. Therefore, an improved battery was released almost 50 years later. The problem with side effect were able to solve this by increasing the capacitance of the electrode, namely the negative one. It is more stable than positive, which is capable of self-discharge. A low charge level in the battery leads to slow self-discharge processes. Therefore, you need to know: if the tool is not used for a long time, then its battery must be stored in a completely discharged state.
Positive attribute nickel cadmium battery is that it has a high capacity, can withstand high currents, and is operated at sub-zero temperatures. However, there are also disadvantages.
The concept of “memory effect” is a decrease in battery capacity if charging is carried out with incomplete discharge. This happens because the charge remains in the substance, compacting it and preventing further contact with electrolytes. To ensure the battery lasts longer, only charge a completely discharged battery.
But there are also natural irreversible changes in the battery due to its long service life. All chemical and physical processes proceed much faster when heated. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the battery from overheating. You must use a charger that is suitable for this battery model. It is also recommended to maintain the time interval specified in the instructions when charging.
This type of battery was invented after 1950 for space applications. During production, a material capable of absorbing hydrogen was used, which helped reduce the size and weight of the battery. It does not have a “memory effect” and can be stored in a charged state for a long time. Charging is carried out once every 2-3 months.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries can only be used in a certain temperature range: from -10 to +40. You must use only a branded charger. Nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries should be stored at temperatures from 0 to +18.
Lithium-ion type
This battery was first developed by Japanese scientists who used carbon as the electrolyte. The battery was small in size, but had enough high performance capacity and voltage. However, it was necessary to create some electronic protection against overheating and excessive discharge and overcharging. If the battery is not used for a long time, it should be stored at low temperatures (from 0 to +10). The main disadvantage is the aging process, which consists in the destruction of the electrodes and the appearance of “empty” areas. This process can be delayed by properly discharging and charging the battery.
A new battery needs to be discharged and only then charged. It is not recommended to completely discharge a used battery. It is put on recharge already at 10-20% and charged up to 90-95%. The battery must be used constantly. Operation is possible at low temperatures, but not higher than +30.
If you have a need for batteries, then don’t wait, go straight to the Levsha stores.
Modern screwdrivers use Various types batteries: nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride or lithium-ion. Each type of battery has its own rules for use; following them will ensure long-lasting and effective work tool.
Review and recommendations for operating various types of screwdriver batteries
Nickel-cadmium Ni-Cd. In a nickel-cadmium battery, the positive electrode is made of nickel, and the negative electrode is made of cadmium. Such batteries, at a relatively low cost, provide long operating time for the tool and are not afraid of low temperatures.
A significant drawback of the battery is the so-called memory effect. If you start charging the battery before it is completely discharged, its service life will be reduced. This is due to the fact that the charged substance becomes denser during subsequent additional charging and subsequently ceases to interact with the electrolyte.
The owner of a screwdriver with a nickel-cadmium battery should follow a simple rule: be sure to completely discharge the battery before charging. Otherwise, the operating time of the tool after each charge will be less and less. There is special equipment that allows you to restore the capacity of a nickel-cadmium battery, but the restoration effect is not guaranteed.
Nickel-cadmium batteries at correct operation can be charged about one and a half thousand times. Over time, irreversible damage to the electrolyte and working substance occurs in the battery; this damage is not associated with the memory effect, but also reduces its operating time. The more intensively the tool is used, the faster the battery ages. To reduce the rate of wear and increase the service life of the battery, you should:
- protect the battery from overheating;
- follow the recommendations of the operating instructions regarding the charging and discharging time of the tool;
- use branded chargers;
- keep the battery completely discharged.
Nickel metal hydride Ni-MH . The operating rules for a nickel-metal hydride battery differ significantly from the above recommendations for a nickel-cadmium battery, this is due to its properties.
Firstly, it has no memory effect, so you can start additional charging at any time, regardless of the charge level. Secondly, such a battery does not need to be discharged before storage; on the contrary, it must be stored in a charged state, recharging from time to time. Third, chemical substances batteries do not like heat, the battery discharges when high temperature shortens its service life.
In order for the battery to serve for a long time, it is important to charge it correctly: overheating or overcharging is unacceptable. To charge, you must use branded accessories, and after charging, promptly disconnect the batteries from the charger.
Lithium-ion Li-Ion . The main advantage of a lithium-ion battery is its high capacity at small size. Excessive discharge, overcharging and overheating can significantly reduce the life of this type of battery. Deep discharge is especially saved: you should not leave a screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery on long-term storage completely discharged.
Lithium-ion batteries are especially effective in tools that operate in virtually industrial scale, and not on one-time jobs. Regular use of the battery, followed by charging it, significantly slows down the aging of the battery.
After purchasing a new battery, you must fully charge and discharge it, repeating this process up to three times. In other cases, it is optimal to charge a lithium-ion battery when about 20% of the charge remains. It is worth remembering that overcharging is harmful, so it is better to complete the charge at 95%. Another important rule charging: you cannot charge such a battery in the cold.
The optimal temperature for operating a screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery is from -18 to +25. Overheating leads to rapid aging, so you should not leave the tool in the sun, and in hot weather it is better to work in the shade.
Owners of cordless tools often experience a decrease in tool operating time over time. This is due to a decrease in the capacity of the standard battery.
There are several reasons for a decrease in battery capacity:
- Improper use of the battery, for example, untimely charging of a discharged battery. It is unacceptable to store a severely discharged battery. If the battery is nickel-cadmium, then it is important to observe the charging time, since otherwise the memory effect will work and the battery capacity will decrease.
- Natural aging of the battery. If you rarely use the tool, the battery will slowly discharge and if the battery is completely discharged, it may even fail.
In any case, a decrease in battery capacity causes a lot of inconvenience when using the tool. There are two ways to solve this problem: buy a new battery or try to restore the functionality of the old one. Buying a new battery good decision, but there is one problem: as a rule, it is impossible to find batteries for screwdriver models released several years ago. Restoring an old battery is quite labor-intensive and does not always give good results.
There is a hybrid way to solve this issue: replacing the nickel-cadmium battery with a lithium-polymer one.
How to extend the life of a screwdriver battery?
This solution has one advantage: the current supplied by a lithium-polymer battery is higher than the current supplied by a nickel-cadmium battery.
There are several nuances when performing this operation:
- The charger from a standard battery is not suitable for charging a lithium-polymer battery. You must purchase a special charger for lithium polymer batteries. I recommend purchasing an Imax B6 mini charger, which allows you to charge any type of battery and has many settings - this is the so-called “smart” charger.
- Voltage difference different types batteries. For nickel-cadmium and metal hydride batteries, the voltage of one cell is a multiple of 1.2 V, and for lithium-polymer batteries it is a multiple of 3.7 V.
The article describes the conversion of a standard nickel-cadmium battery to a lithium-polymer one.
We are considering a “Skill” screwdriver with a 12 V battery. The standard battery reduced the capacity from 1.2 Ah to 0.4 Ah and, due to an increase in internal resistance, the current output decreased.
Screwdriver “Skill” - photo.
I will replace it with a lithium-polymer battery with a voltage of 11.1 V and a capacity of 1.1 Ah. To do this, I purchased the appropriate battery in the online store in the section batteries for radio-controlled models. When choosing a battery, you need to pay attention to the current output parameter, indicated, for example, 20C. The higher the better. This designation means that the current output is 20 battery capacities, i.e. with a capacity of 1.1 A*h, it will be 22 A.
List of required materials and tools
Materials:
- lithium polymer battery 11.1V;
- heat-shrinkable tube (diameter after shrinkage 3-4 mm);
- soldering accessories (rosin, flux, solder);
- a set of T-connectors (these connectors are used in the charger), you can purchase at a radio store; you need to take male-female connectors. In principle, any current ones will do;
- flexible wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm2.
Tools:
- Phillips screwdriver;
- side cutters and pliers;
- soldering iron;
- stationery knife and/or insulation stripper.
First you need to disassemble the battery by unscrewing the four mounting screws at the bottom. Then dismantle the old battery, for which we cut the positive wire and negative bus with side cutters.
The wires are soldered to the standard connector of the old battery case.
The next step is to solder the male T-connector to the wires.
Soldered male T-connector.
We carry out a similar operation with a new battery: we cut off the battery connector with side cutters and solder the “female” T-connector. We recommend soldering one wire at a time so that when soldering you do not accidentally short-circuit the battery.
Soldered female T-connector.
Don't forget to insulate the soldering areas with heat shrink.
After soldering the connectors, you can begin assembling the screwdriver battery. We insert the battery connector into the case and, if necessary, fix it there. We connect the battery and put it in the lower part of the case.
Assembling a screwdriver with a new battery.
We fasten the lower part with two screws, instead of four, since two screws securely fasten the halves of the case, and to charge the battery it will have to be disassembled.
In principle, you can cut a hole in the screwdriver body through which you can disconnect the T-connectors and connect the charger. However, this will lead to dirt and dust getting inside the case, which is not very desirable.
The service life of a drill is the period of time during which the manufacturer undertakes to provide the consumer with the opportunity to use the drill for its intended purpose and is responsible for significant deficiencies that may arise in the drill.
Consumer rights during the service life of the drill
During the service life of the drill, the consumer has every right to:
- possibility of using a drill;
- drill repair and related maintenance;
- submission of demands for free elimination of significant defects of the drill, even if the warranty period has expired;
- compensation for damage caused by the drill.
If the service life of the drill is not set
If the service life of the drill is not established, then the manufacturer is obliged to satisfy the above consumer rights for 10 years. Thus, as a rule, it is much more profitable for the manufacturer to set a service life than not to set it.
How to find out the service life of a drill
The service life of the drill is set by the manufacturer, and the manufacturer (performer, seller) is obliged to promptly provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information, which must necessarily contain information about the service life of the drill.
In accordance with by law
A list of durable goods, including components (parts, assemblies, assemblies), which after a certain period may pose a danger to the life and health of the consumer, cause damage to his property or environment contained in a special list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
In all other cases, establishing the service life is the right of the manufacturer, i.e.
Storage of Ni-Cd batteries
it may not set a service life.
How is the service life of a drill calculated?
The service life can be calculated in units of time, as well as other units of measurement - kilometers, meters, etc. based functional purpose goods.
All situations are individual in nature, so you can get free legal advice at the phone numbers listed on the website or from the online consultant at the bottom of the page. It's fast and free! 👇👇👇 Ask questions, we will be happy to help! 😀😀
The service life of the drill begins to flow from the moment the drill is handed over to the consumer, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
How to store a screwdriver battery during long-term non-use?
The service life of a screwdriver is the period of time during which the manufacturer undertakes to provide the consumer with the opportunity to use the screwdriver for its intended purpose and is responsible for significant shortcomings that may arise in the screwdriver.
All situations are individual in nature, so you can get free legal advice at the phone numbers listed on the website or from the online consultant at the bottom of the page. It's fast and free! 👇👇👇 Ask questions, we will be happy to help! 😀😀
Consumer rights during the service life of the screwdriver
During the service life of the screwdriver, the consumer has every right to:
- possibility of using a screwdriver;
- screwdriver repair and maintenance;
- presenting demands for the free elimination of significant defects in the screwdriver, even if the warranty period has expired;
- compensation for damage caused by a screwdriver.
If the service life for the screwdriver is not set
If the service life of the screwdriver is not established, then the manufacturer is obliged to ensure the above consumer rights for 10 years. Thus, as a rule, it is much more profitable for the manufacturer to set a service life than not to set it.
How to find out the service life of a screwdriver
The service life of the product is established by the manufacturer, and the manufacturer (performer, seller) is obliged to promptly provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information regarding the screwdriver, which must necessarily contain information about the service life of the screwdriver.
When is the manufacturer required to set a service life?
In accordance with by law, the manufacturer is obliged to establish the service life of durable goods, including components (parts, assemblies, assemblies), which after a certain period can:
- pose a danger to the life and health of the consumer,
- cause damage to his property or the environment.
The list of durable goods, including components (parts, assemblies, assemblies), which after a certain period may pose a danger to the life and health of the consumer, cause harm to his property or the environment, is contained in a special list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
When the manufacturer is not required to specify a service life
In all other cases, establishing the service life is the right of the manufacturer, i.e. it may not set a service life.
How is the service life of a screwdriver calculated?
The service life can be calculated in units of time, as well as other units of measurement - kilometers, meters, etc.
Repair or restoration of a screwdriver battery
based on the functional purpose of the product.
All situations are individual in nature, so you can get free legal advice at the phone numbers listed on the website or from the online consultant at the bottom of the page. It's fast and free! 👇👇👇 Ask questions, we will be happy to help! 😀😀
The service life of a screwdriver begins to flow from the moment the screwdriver is handed over to the consumer, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
How to choose a screwdriver
Basically, screwdrivers can be divided into two types: mains and cordless. The first ones work only from the mains, the second ones from the battery. Since the second type of screwdriver is the most popular, we will first consider how to choose a cordless screwdriver and its main features.
Ergonomics Torque Number of speeds Voltage and battery capacity Charging speed and operating time Duration of charge retention in non-working position Battery type Battery cost Additional accessories Corded screwdriver
When choosing a cordless screwdriver, you should pay attention to the following characteristics:
- ergonomics,
- torque,
- number of speeds,
- voltage and battery capacity,
- battery type,
- cost of batteries,
- additional devices.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics affects the ease of use of a screwdriver.
Screwdriver battery: second life (how to restore a power tool battery)
Here you should pay attention to three points: balancing, ergonomics of the handle and rubber inserts on the screwdriver handle. To choose the best screwdriver, take it in your hand.
- Firstly, it should fit well in the hand and not create discomfort.
- Secondly, it should not tend to tip over in any direction, but should maintain a horizontal position, this indicates good balancing.
- Thirdly, those places with which the hand comes into contact should have rubber inserts; this will ensure ease of operation, i.e. It will be easier to hold the screwdriver and work with it.
Everything described affects mainly the load on the hand, i.e. with a good screwdriver you can work for quite a long time, with bad hand will get tired quickly. Therefore, try several models and choose the one that is most convenient for you.
Torque
Torque is one of the main characteristics of a screwdriver. The larger it is, the bigger size screws can be tightened. However, the greater the torque, the heavier and larger the screwdriver. In order to determine how much torque is needed, you should think about how the screwdriver will be used.
If you need a screwdriver for domestic purposes, i.e. drill a hole in wood or brickwork, assemble furniture, assemble a plasterboard structure, make a sandbox. For such purposes, a screwdriver with a maximum torque of 25 Nm is quite sufficient. If a screwdriver is needed, for example, for assembly rafter system roof, then the torque should be at least 35 Nm. If you plan to drill concrete, you should choose a screwdriver with an impact function.
Number of speeds
Most screwdrivers have two rotation speeds, or more correctly, two modes: screwdriver mode - low rotation speed and high torque, and drill mode - high speed rotation and low torque. Having two modes is very convenient. Switching between modes makes work much easier.
Voltage and battery capacity
The voltage and capacity of the battery directly depend on the power of the screwdriver; the higher the voltage, the greater the power. In turn, more power is needed to create high torque. Therefore, when choosing a screwdriver, the first thing you should do is focus on it.
In my opinion, more important criteria The choices regarding the screwdriver battery are: battery charging speed, operating time and what is very important for household use This is the duration of the charge remaining in a non-working state.
Charge speed and operating time
As a rule, two batteries are included with the screwdriver. It is assumed that while the screwdriver is being used, the second battery has time to charge. After which they are changed, and the work is continuous. However, in practice this is not entirely true. The fact is that different screwdrivers have different battery charging rates, and it may happen that the first battery is discharged faster than the second one is charged.
To avoid this trouble, when choosing a screwdriver, you should definitely find out the battery charge time; this is usually indicated in the passport. From my own experience I can say that optimal time The charge time is from 0.5 to 1 hour. If the charging time is longer, then the case described above is likely.
Duration of charge retention in non-working position
For domestic use this is a very important characteristic. The fact is that in everyday life a screwdriver is not used every day, and is not even used once a week. Imagine, you need, for example, to hang a picture, you take out a screwdriver, but both batteries are dead, and instead of finishing the job in 5 minutes, you have to wait at least half an hour for at least one battery to charge. In such a situation, having a cordless screwdriver makes no sense at all. It’s easier to drill with a drill and tighten a couple of screws with a screwdriver.
Unfortunately, battery manufacturers do not provide this characteristic. This information can be found on forums or chat with people who own screwdrivers.
Battery type
Batteries can be lithium ion or metal hydride. The former can be charged regardless of the charge level of the battery itself, while the latter should preferably be charged when completely discharged. The situation is similar with batteries for cell phones. Which type to choose depends on the application of the screwdriver. We can say that if you consider that there are two batteries and for the most part they hold a charge well, then in my opinion this is not a particularly critical factor for the battery.
Battery cost
Usually, especially when using a screwdriver for household needs, the screwdriver itself does not fail. It is the batteries that stop working. And quite often, the cost of one battery famous brands comparable to the cost of the screwdriver itself. Therefore, you should find out about this circumstance before purchasing a screwdriver.
Additional accessories
The most important additional device is a case. As practice shows, the case is convenient for storing not only the screwdriver itself and the charger, but also a set of frequently used drills and bits. Therefore, you should pay attention to the presence of additional compartments or holders for bits and drills in the case.
Corded screwdriver
Now a few words about corded screwdrivers. A corded screwdriver is an analogue of a drill, only it has a special gearbox, thanks to which it has a large torque, which is necessary for driving screws. The great advantage of a corded screwdriver is: it is not dependent on battery charge, it has a high speed of driving screws, it has a special limiter that will not allow the screw to turn over, which is very important for assembly. plasterboard structures. Disadvantages: lack of mobility due to the presence of a power cord and the inability to use it as a drill, because In most cases, a corded screwdriver does not have a chuck, but rather has a device for holding bits.
The biggest advantage of a corded screwdriver is the ability long work in the cold. In such conditions, a cordless screwdriver is not suitable, because In cold weather the battery discharges very quickly.
But the fact is that this screwdriver was sold at a promotion, and probably differs in its characteristics from the previous one in both charging and batteries. As a result, it’s not work, but pure torment. Hence the moral: good things don’t come cheap. Having saved once, I got problems for several years to come.
Subtleties of working with nickel-cadmium screwdriver batteries
Cordless drill-driver Bosch GSR 10.8-2 with Li-Ion battery.
However, a beginner in using battery technology sometimes asks one of the most significant questions when choosing a screwdriver - which battery to use? Let's look at the main advantages and disadvantages of Ni-Cd (Nickel-Cadmium) and Li-Ion (Lithium-Ion) batteries.
To the main benefits Ni-Cd batteries include:
· low cost; 
· operation in a wide temperature range and resistance to temperature changes (for example, Ni-Cd batteries can be charged at negative temperature, which makes them indispensable when working in the far north, which is not particularly relevant in our latitudes);
· they can deliver significantly more current to the load than other types of batteries;
· resistance to high charge and discharge currents;
· easily restored after long-term storage.
Flaws Ni-Cd:
· the presence of a memory effect - if you regularly charge an incompletely discharged battery, its capacity will decrease due to the growth of crystals on the surface of the plates and other physical and chemical processes;
· cadmium is a very toxic substance, so the production of Ni-Cd batteries has a bad impact on the environment. There are also problems with recycling and disposal of the batteries themselves;
· low specific capacity - the amount of energy that a fully charged battery should have. It is customary to express ampere hours (Ah);
· large weight and dimensions compared to other types of batteries with the same capacity;
· high self-discharge (after charging, up to 10% is lost in the first 24 hours of operation, and up to 20% of stored energy is lost in a month).
To the main benefits Li-Ion batteries relate:
· at least 2 times higher specific capacity; 
· very low self-discharge;
· no memory effect;
· possibility of recharging at any time;
· a large number of charge-discharge cycles (with proper operation they can withstand more than 2000 cycles);
· environmentally friendly production and safety in operation.
Flaws Li-Ion:
· susceptible to aging;
· low stability when working at low temperatures;
· require the use of only the original charger;
· high price.
However, if we still return to the choice of a screwdriver, then our preference is clearly for the Bosch GSR 10.8-2 Cordless Screwdriver, because it has significantly smaller dimensions, greater torque and is equipped with a modern and easy-to-use battery. But this is just our opinion, and the final decision is always yours.
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