For comfort in a country house or in rural areas you will need to connect water supply and sewerage.
The best option for autonomous wastewater collection was a septic tank.
The home owner is faced with the problem of choosing the best option for such treatment facilities from the many offered on the market.
What are they like?
Compact wastewater treatment plants, serving the needs of one home, are divided according to several criteria:
- Way of working;
- Materials used;
- Shape, location and type of installation.
Varieties according to the method of operation
Septic tanks are suitable for a dacha or a private home: from the simplest, storage tanks to fully functional ones, providing high-quality complete wastewater treatment.
Cesspools or storage tanks
In fact, such a septic tank is an improved cesspool.
It is a sealed container, the only function of which is to accumulate wastewater from the house.
In the chamber they are divided into fractions– heavy waste sinks to the bottom, light waste, such as fats and oils, accumulates on the surface.
The advantage of this type of autonomous structures is the simplicity of the device.
Main disadvantage storage septic tank - the need for its regular cleaning, for which specialized sewage disposal equipment is used.
The cesspool option is suitable for a house in which the volume of regular waste is small, for example, for a summer house, with 2-3 people living and limited water consumption.
The main requirements for a cesspool septic tank— sufficient volume, tightness and high strength of the storage container.
Their implementation will reduce the frequency of cleaning and protect the surrounding area from the ingress of waste accumulated during operation.
Settlement tank with soil post-treatment of wastewater
Overflow septic tanks are an excellent option for a home where the daily glass size is small, but people live and use water supply constantly.
In such structures, in addition to the accumulation of waste, it is partially processed and cleaned.
Removing accumulations for such an installation it is required much less frequently - as a rule, overflow septic tanks require the services of sewer trucks no more than once every 2-3 years.
Principle of operation
Overflow septic tanks are two-chamber. The first chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows, acts as a sump.
After partial separation into fractions, water with a minimum content of solid inclusions, including from under, flows into the second chamber - the treatment chamber.
It uses aerobic bacteria that can decompose organic matter to process contaminants.
The degree of water purification as a result of their work reaches 60-70%.
This water is used for irrigation or is discharged into natural reservoirs, undergoing additional purification along the way in ground filtration fields.
They are layers of rocks with high water permeability (gravel or crushed stone with the addition of sand, etc.), which remove contaminants using the principle of mechanical (mesh) filters.
The advantages of such a septic tank:
- ease of maintenance;
- a significant time interval between container cleanings, due to a reduction in the accumulation of dry residue;
- processing a significant part of the waste contained in wastewater.
Deep biological processing of waste
Such structures are full-fledged wastewater treatment plants.
They process significant volumes and are suitable for a large private home with permanent residence.
At the same time, biochemical septic tanks purify water almost 100%.
The design uses three chambers:
- for the separation of substances contained in wastewater (read how to connect an automatic washing machine to the sewer) into fractions;
- biological treatment using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (to ensure the activity of bacteria, additional equipment is used - aerators);
- disinfection using chemical reagents.
Advantages of three-chamber septic tanks:
- 100% degree of purification Wastewater;
- absence of unpleasant odors when using such installations;
- no restrictions for installation based on soil type and groundwater level;
- minimum costs for installation and time for commissioning - stations are supplied fully equipped;
- minimal human participation in the work, since the system is maintenance-free.
For septic tanks with this degree of purification, the frequency of replacing chambers or selecting dry residue from them is once every 5-8 years, due to its minimal accumulation.
The main disadvantage of such treatment facilities is the high price (how to make a grease trap for sewage with your own hands is written in the article).
Important! If the mode of residence in the house involves long breaks, for example, at a summer cottage, the absence of people in the house during winter season, septic tanks with biological filters are not installed.
The limitation is due to the fact that without a regular supply of nutrient medium, the bacterial cultures that process organic waste will die.
What criteria are used to select treatment facilities?
Choosing a septic tank for construction or installation of a finished product requires taking into account several important factors.
Performance
The ability to process the entire volume of wastewater generated in the house (productivity) is the main technical indicator treatment plant cleaning.
It depends on the number of people occupants and the level of use of plumbing fixtures.
Naturally, in a country house where 2-3 people live in the summer, and the main consumers of water are the washbasin and shower, the volume of wastewater will be significantly less than in a comfortable cottage intended for permanent family residence, with:
- swimming pool,
- several bathrooms (),
- with washing machine and dishwasher.
In practice, in terms of performance, septic tanks are selected based on:
- if the daily volume of wastewater is less than 1 cubic meter, a single-chamber storage septic tank is sufficient;
- if the drainage volume ranges from 1 to 10 cubic meters per day, install a two-chamber septic tank with soil filtration;
- for volumes exceeding 10 cubic meters/day, the best option would be a three-chamber septic tank deep cleaning.
For your information!
When installing a storage septic tank at the dacha (about laying external utility networks and communications read on the page) care should be taken to clean it regularly.
If the volume of wastewater turns out to be significant, calling the sewage disposal truck will have to be done frequently.
In terms of costs, this may be more expensive than installing a more advanced two- or three-chamber model.
Important! SNiP set the minimum required size of septic tank chambers. It must accommodate the volume of waste generated in the house for 3 days.
Type of soil on the site and depth of groundwater
This factor matters only if the choice is made in favor of a septic tank with additional water purification in filtration fields.
Suitable soils for its installation with a high coefficient of water permeability. On heavy clay soils, organizing natural filtration is difficult.
In this case, you will have to excavate part of the soil, replacing it with a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Carrying out this work will require time and a significant amount of investment.
Septic tank for biological and chemical treatment it will be more profitable.
Comment! When organizing a storage septic tank, the type of soil affects only the labor intensity of the work on site preparation and construction of the structure.
Sorting by materials
For autonomous treatment facilities, septic tanks are built on site or industrially manufactured options are purchased.
The first include brick septic tanks, monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete, available materials.
More expensive, but, undoubtedly, an absolutely reliable option will be ready septic tank.
The range of manufacturers includes stations with housings made of polymers or fiberglass.
Advantages of purchased products:
- a wide choice of performance - from mini-septic tanks, sufficient for a house with 1-2 people, to semi-industrial plants capable of processing wastewater from a small village;
- absolute reliability and tightness;
- delivery of ready-to-use devices, thereby reducing the time required to commission the installation;
- equipment for everyone necessary equipment and cleaning products.
Attention! Septic tanks with bodies made of polymers or fiberglass require protection from floating when the groundwater level rises and destruction under pressure of soil masses or displacement of soil layers.
For this purpose, purchased stations are installed in concrete pits, and they are anchored - fastening the containers to the walls and bottom of the pit with nylon belts.
Installation options
Both purchased installations and septic tanks self-made— are carried out in vertical and horizontal versions.
Vertical structures are designed for installation buried in the ground.
This is their problem - on heavy soils or when groundwater is close to the surface, installation work is labor-intensive and requires the use of special equipment and special techniques to ensure reliability and environmental safety.
Horizontal septic tanks, typically a surface-mount option.
To ensure the required productivity (volume of wastewater), such structures occupy a significant area, which for limited spaces land ownership (for example, in summer cottages) creates additional problems.
How to understand which septic tank is best for a home with permanent, year-round residence? Watch the video and get answers to questions about effective equipment for collecting and recycling household waste.
Building Vacation home or a dacha, everyone strives to make them as comfortable as possible. Therefore, suburban housing is equipped with sanitary and household appliances which must be connected to the sewer. But wastewater must be discharged somewhere, provided that, as a rule, there is no central sewerage system outside the city. Therefore, the question of which septic tank is better for a summer house or private cottage is relevant.
Holidays outside the city attract many people. However, the lack of necessary amenities can greatly overshadow suburban life. Indeed, few people will like the need to wash in a basin and visit the toilet located at the far end of the site.
In order not to sacrifice comfort, many undertake to equip their country houses and dachas with local sewage systems. And at the same time there is a need to choose and install a septic tank - which one would be better suited in each specific case? Every developer must resolve this issue in advance.
Selection by operating principle
First of all, let's figure out what septic tanks are based on the type of work. In principle, three types of treatment plants are used today:
- Storage;
- Settling tanks with anaerobic biological treatment;
- Deep cleaning systems based on aerobic processes.
Drives
If you are choosing equipment for a small country house in which you do not plan to live permanently, then a storage septic tank will be the most practical option. Such installations do not process wastewater, but only accumulate it. As the container accumulates, it is cleaned using sewer equipment. Advantages of the option:
- Cheap and easy to install;
- Full environmental Safety.
Disadvantages of this solution:
- The need to pump out waste as the tank fills;
- Presence unpleasant odor at the time of pumping.
Advice! A storage tank is a good option for a septic tank for a summer residence with low water consumption. If people do not live in the house permanently, and water is used sparingly, then pumping will have to be done once a month or even once during the entire summer season (the frequency of pumping depends on the volume of the storage tank).
Sedimentation tanks with anaerobic type of wastewater treatment
When considering the types of septic tanks, it should be noted that settling tanks with anaerobic treatment processes are a practical option for arranging a local sewage system for a private cottage. In such septic tanks, two types of natural cleaning are used:
- Mechanical settling, which makes it possible to separate undissolved inclusions that have a density different from water;
- Anaerobic biological decomposition of organic matter produced under the influence of microorganisms.
In such septic tanks, only primary clarification of water occurs; it is purified by approximately 60%. Therefore, it is necessary to build installations for soil purification - aeration fields, filtration trenches and wells. The advantages of this option:
- Ease of use. A septic tank that is put into operation does not require constant attention;
- Low operating costs. Maintenance and pumping of sediment from the septic tank is carried out no more than once a year;
- Multiple options. You can purchase ready-to-install industrial models, or you can build septic tank chambers yourself, for example, from iron concrete rings;
- Full autonomy. Septic tanks do not require power supply.
Advice! The question may arise, what is better - reinforced concrete rings for self-assembly of chambers or a ready-made septic tank? Here the choice depends on the budget allocated for the construction of the sewerage system and the planned labor costs. If your budget allows, then it is easier to order the installation of a ready-made septic tank. The option of self-construction will be cheaper, but will require more labor.
Disadvantages of septic tanks:
- The operation of a septic tank of this type greatly depends on geological conditions - the ability of the soil to absorb water, the level to which soil water rises. For example, if the groundwater on a private property site rises high, then the likelihood of a septic tank flooding increases when its chambers are not sealed enough (lined with bricks or made of rings). And if on the site clay soil, additional difficulties arise with the arrangement of soil post-treatment.
Aerobic cleaning systems
Choosing the best option septic tank for a private cottage, many opt for modern local bio-treatment stations. In such stations it is carried out full cycle water processing.
At the exit from the installation it turns out technically pure water, which can be dumped into a ditch or sent to a storage well for further use for economic purposes (watering, washing paths, etc.). The advantages of this option:
- High purification efficiency, which makes it possible to avoid the construction of soil treatment plants;
- No smell or noise during operation;
- Possibility of installation under any geological conditions.
- High cost of stations;
- The need to connect power supply;
- Higher chance of failure. In simple settling tanks there are simply no parts that could break, and biorefinery stations are equipped with compressors, airlifts, and automation systems, so they are more likely to fail.
Selection by performance
Even the best septic tank option for a private home will not work effectively if the installation capacity is chosen incorrectly. The performance and volume of the septic tank chambers depend on the water consumption in the house. The more equipment in the house connected to the sewer and the people who use it, the more productive the model is needed for the construction of the sewer.
If a ready-made model is purchased, then the passport, as a rule, indicates how many people the model is designed to serve. During construction homemade installations You'll have to do a simple calculation.
It is necessary that the wastewater remains in the septic tank for at least three days, otherwise the liquid will not have time to settle well and the quality of cleaning will decrease. Thus, it is necessary to select the volume of the sump chambers so that they can accommodate the amount of waste generated in the house over three days.
It is not difficult to calculate three-day water consumption. If the house has a standard set of plumbing (as in a city apartment), then for each person living there is approximately 200 liters of water per day and, accordingly, 600 liters in three days.
Advice! If a bathhouse with a swimming pool is being built in the house, or it is planned to install several Jacuzzis, then the water consumption will naturally be greater.
To determine the volume of the chambers, it is enough to multiply the number of people living in the house by 600 and add 10-15% of the reserve for unforeseen cases such as the arrival of guests.
Selection of septic tank material
If you plan to purchase a ready-made septic tank, then its body will most likely be made of polypropylene or other polymer material. When constructing cameras yourself, variations are possible. Let's consider homemade septic tanks– what are the options for materials for construction:
- Metal containers. This is the most impractical option. The fact is that the metal is quickly destroyed by wastewater, and the installation becomes unusable;
- Concrete structures. When choosing this option, two solutions are possible - building a prefabricated structure from rings or constructing a monolithic septic tank. The first option is easier to implement if lifting equipment is used, but is not airtight enough. With highly located soil waters, such a septic tank is very unreliable. Monolithic structures are completely sealed, but their construction requires time and serious labor;
Advice! To extend the service life of a metal container, it is necessary to treat it inside and outside with anti-corrosion compounds. However, even in this case, the installation will last no longer than 5-6 years.
- Fiberglass and plastic. These materials are best suited for constructing a septic tank. They are durable and lightweight, do not corrode, so they last a long time. For self-construction For a septic tank, you will need to purchase ready-made containers of the required volume, for example, Eurocubes are often used.
Choice by cost
- Almost free septic tanks. These are structures built independently from scrap materials, for example, old tires or plastic barrels. This option may be suitable for small country houses in which water consumption is minimal or for baths. Such septic tanks have low productivity, and when constructing chambers from tires, they also have insufficient tightness;
- Cheap septic tanks. These are installations made of brick or reinforced concrete. Low-capacity industrial production plants are also relatively inexpensive;
- Septic tanks manufactured by industry with a capacity of more than a cubic meter of wastewater per day have an average price;
- The most expensive systems are complete biotreatment systems.
So, when choosing a treatment plant, it is necessary to take into account local conditions: water consumption, geological conditions, financial capabilities of the owners. They will help you decide which septic tank is best for country house reviews from installation owners who, through their own experience, have found out all the disadvantages and advantages of the models used.
Just look at any catalog of an online store offering septic tanks for a country house or cottage, and you will be faced with the difficult task of choosing. In fact, along with dealers in this area, there are enterprises that have only recently entered the market, or successful manufacturers that have been operating for a long time and have achieved success, but have decided to develop a new direction of their activity. Therefore, we invite you to familiarize yourself with what types of septic tanks are available for a summer residence and will compare them so that you can decide which is better.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them?
The model line of septic tanks is quite wide, which allows you to choose the best septic tank for your dacha that will meet your individual requirements. When choosing such a cleaning system for a country house, cottage or cottage, you need to consider the following factors:
- The number of permanent residents (take into account possible guests).
- Number of plumbing points (showers, toilets, Jacuzzis, bathtubs, sinks) and household appliances(dishwasher and washing machines), the volume of their waste.
- Groundwater depth.
- Soil type on site.
- Option for discharging treated water (gravity or forced).
How to install a septic tank at the dacha:
- Preparing the pit.
- Arrangement of supply trenches for pipes and wires.
- Installing a septic tank in a pit and sprinkling sand around it.
- Filling the septic tank chambers with water.
- The pipe cuts in, the power supply connection.
- Commissioning works are being carried out.
- The outer part of the septic tank is prepared taking into account the features landscape design in the territory.
The principle of operation of septic tanks
A septic tank is a structure that is used to treat wastewater. The design of its device implies the presence of a multi-chamber system. The first tank (sump) receives wastewater from the house through a pipeline. Bacterial decomposition of wastewater occurs in it. In some devices, usually industrial ones, structures are installed here that are responsible for filtering contaminated water.
The decomposition of wastewater occurs under the influence of anaerobic or oxygen-free bacteria. They convert the liquid entering the settling tank into clarified water, gas and mineral insoluble sludge or sediment.
All anaerobic septic tanks include several chambers. In the first, wastewater treatment and partial filtration take place. In the second and in all the others, the purification process continues.The gas formed as a result of wastewater decomposition is removed through ventilation pipe, and the water goes into the overflow hole into the second tank. In this case, anaerobic bacteria do not stop cleaning the wastewater. Then the clarified water flows into the next container or is supplied to the filtration fields. After soil filtration, the liquid is absorbed into the soil. This structure belongs to anaerobic type systems or non-volatile septic tanks.
There are also a variety of devices that require electricity to operate. These are aerobic septic tanks with biological treatment. In such devices, wastewater treatment is carried out by aerobic microorganisms that simply cannot exist without oxygen. For this reason, the compressor automatically turns on after a certain time and supplies air inside the tanks. The process of wastewater decomposition in these installations occurs very quickly. The level of purification of contaminated waters is 98%.
The operating principle of an aerobic septic tank requires a constant flow of oxygen, since the bacteria contained in the activated sludge die and cleaning stops.
One of the most common structures is a storage septic tank. It is a single-chamber sealed device used to accumulate wastewater that is pumped out using a sewage disposal machine. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a filling level sensor. This option is the best for those who often appear in a country house, but for various reasons cannot be equipped effective site post-treatment of wastewater.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better?
- Non-volatile septic tanks.
Models that operate without electricity and are not tied to the presence of electrical networks are suitable for small country houses. In remote areas and gardening partnerships there is a possibility of a power outage for a fairly long period, so it is worth deciding in advance on the equipment for small country houses. In remote areas and gardening communities there is a risk of power outages for a fairly long period, so it is worth choosing sewage equipment in advance.
Of course, users have a question about whether a septic tank is needed at all in the country if it is possible to equip a cesspool. We will not convince dacha owners, but simply remind them of aesthetics, sanitary requirements and basic amenities. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the best non-volatile septic tanks.
- "Tank".
The “Tank” septic tank is made of high-strength plastic, having a thickness of 10 to 17 mm with stiffening ribs. The design itself provides resistance high loads, which are formed under soil pressure in summer and winter. The estimated service life of the product is at least five to ten years, subject to operating conditions. A conventional septic tank works on the principle of wastewater treatment through sedimentation or further biological decomposition of the material with a biofilter, which is characterized by high productivity. The infiltrator is responsible for distributing purified water that enters the ground.
The unique shape of the body protects the structure of the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of equipping it with a high neck allows them to be placed at the required depth. A special design, including module blocks, allows you to assemble almost any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes act as connections.
The operating conditions of the septic tank imply its periodic cleaning of accumulated solid residue. At competent operation equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the container is cleaned every four to five years. But it is recommended to do this at least once a year. In the case of periodic use of a septic tank, during the winter, when sewerage drainage is not supposed to be treated, approximately a third of the water is removed from the tank.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Tank”
Price of septic tank "Tank"
It is worth noting that the price of this septic tank is more than affordable for many private home owners. This is one of the main advantages that causes great interest in the product. The price largely depends on its volume and therefore increases with increasing capacity.
Reviews of the “Tank” septic tank for a summer residence
Alexander
“The septic tank filters perfectly, there are no comments. There were no problems with its installation, since everything was described in detail in the instructions. Convenient, environmentally friendly, economical. I leave positive feedback».
“I studied a lot of reviews, customer opinions differ, but, as a rule, negative emotions arise only due to improper installation and operation of this septic tank.”
“The septic tank does not consume electricity and works completely autonomously, but I would not take a very large volume, since unfavourable conditions for the development of bacteria."
“Two years ago we installed a Tank-1 septic tank, from which we use water to water the garden. It’s very convenient, since there is no water source on our site, including technical water.”
- "Triton".
Three chambers that are responsible for implementing the process of removing various suspended matter from contaminated water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material, as well as supplying purified wastewater to a special filtration site. This septic tank is produced in several versions, which gives you the opportunity to choose between models with a volume from 2 to 40 m3.
Once a year, or in case of intensive use twice a year, it is worth clearing the container of accumulated solid sediment. The service life of a plastic container is approximately 50 years. When installing equipment, it is necessary to provide an “anchor”, a monolithic concrete surface or concrete slab, which ensures good retention of the septic tank at the required level.
For small bathhouses and country houses, it is better to use the “Triton-mini” models, which are compact septic tanks for the summer, designed to receive wastewater of small volumes.
Table of characteristics of the Triton septic tank
Price for septic tank "Triton"
Despite their low cost, treatment plants are popular both for small summer cottages and for country cottages for permanent residence. The septic tank provides the necessary level of wastewater treatment.
Reviews of the Triton septic tank“The summer before last I installed a Triton N-1 septic tank at my dacha. It works “excellently” and fully copes with its stated function.”
“Easy installation, low price, simple maintenance. The quality and cost are completely justified. My parents installed this septic tank last summer and were very pleased. The first cleaning was quick and without any unpleasant odors.”
“I installed this septic tank for my parents at their dacha in the village. They have been using it for three years, my father is happy. Great option for a dacha where there is a small amount of drainage water.”
"At correct installation, with the Triton septic tank you are not afraid of either severe frosts or other typical problems. It's been two years since the septic tank was installed, and we're happy with everything. The guests who came to our dacha also seriously thought about installing such a septic tank.”
- "Aqua-bio".
The septic tank is intended for a summer cottage, where you can create a filtration field or another type of soil purification of water drained from the tank. Simple system A septic system involves passing contaminated water through 5 chambers. Initially, sedimentation of solid suspensions occurs in 3 compartments of the tank, then in the remaining 2 chambers the processes of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter occur due to the development of colonies of anaerobes on the surface of a special load.
The main advantages of this septic tank are a large number of chambers, which increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment. As a result, you will not need to reconstruct the filtration fields, which will remain clean for a long time, which means you will not encounter additional costs during the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of the durable plastic housing eliminates the possibility of contaminated wastewater entering the soil.
The productivity of different models can vary from 600 to 1300 liters per day. The price of a septic tank for a summer residence depends on this indicator. A simple calculation allows you to decide on the most suitable model, but do not forget that such a septic tank is not suitable for areas where there is a high groundwater level.
Models of the Aqua-bio septic tank differ from each other in productivity and volume. Today, containers are produced with a volume of: 3600, 3000, 2500, 2000 liters. Accordingly, with productivity l/day: 1300, 1100, 900, 700.
Prices for septic tank "Aqua-bio"
If we talk about the cost of the Aqua septic tank, then, in comparison with similar solutions, such structures cannot be classified as budget ones. You can verify this by carefully studying the table below.
Reviews about the septic tank “Aqua-bio”
“Not disappointed, works reliably and stably. In severe frost, once it was “grabbed” by three centimeters of ice. We had to resort to insulating the lids.”
“I ordered it, installed it and have been using it for several years now. Everything is fine, I can confidently say that he is not afraid of even severe frosts.”
“I carried out a thorough installation, overwintered well, I leave a positive review and recommend this septic tank for the dacha.”
- Energy-dependent septic tanks.
They require a constant connection to electricity and can work on the principle of forced oxygen supply to the batteries, namely aerobic wastewater treatment. Such septic tank models are a real deep cleaning station, allowing you to bring it to the required level, when the discharge can be directed into storm sewers, reservoirs and ditches without any risk of disturbing the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, it is worth highlighting the five most common models.
- "Tver".
Such a septic tank belongs to local treatment facilities, where wastewater treatment occurs in a comprehensive manner. The device simultaneously uses several different technologies, which are combined into a single system and provide excellent results when using a small area of land.
It’s worth noting right away that this solution is energy-dependent and is adapted for use in houses intended for permanent residence. But it’s also great for a summer residence if simple conservation rules are followed.
The equipment contains a multi-chamber container and high-quality plastic. The first chamber acts as a settling tank, which retains most of the poorly soluble inclusions. Some of them will sink to the bottom, while the rest will float on the surface. Here anaerobic decomposition processes take place, continuing in the second chamber on biofilters. Then comes the aeration chamber, where the water is saturated with oxygen. This activates aerobic water purification by microorganisms. The liquid is further purified in several chambers, where it flows by gravity. In one of them there is a limestone charge, where it is associated with harmful products decomposition, namely with nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
The addition of chlorine-containing reagents can increase the efficiency of water disinfection.
Installation of models is carried out on different types of soil, even if the dacha is located on former peat mines, which are characterized by a highly aggressive environment. Durable plastic does not corrode, and an additional “anchor” pre-installed in the pit will not allow the container to “float”.
The main distinctive feature of the Tver septic tank is the reception of a large volume of wastewater. Therefore, if you need to drain the bathtub, then it will cope with this task without deteriorating the quality of the outlet water and without releasing untreated wastewater.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tver"
Reviews and price of septic tank "Tver"
If you look at all the reviews about this product, you can come to a single conclusion: in most cases, such a treatment plant fully satisfies the needs of every modern person. There were no complaints about difficulty during operation or cleaning. One cannot but rejoice that this septic tank is the development of our specialists. Moreover, its price is affordable, as you will see by studying the information in our table.
| Model name | Dimensions L×W×H, mm | Productivity, m3 per day | Weight, kg | approximate price |
| 0.75P | 2250×850×1670 | 0,75 | 120 | 67500 rub. |
| 0.75PN | 2600×850×1670 | 0,75 | 140 | 77,000 rub. |
| 0.75RM | 2250×850×1970 | 0,75 | 78,000 rub. | |
| 0.75PNM | 2600×850×1970 | 0,75 | 170 | 88,000 rub. |
| 1P | 2500×1100×1670 | 1 | 150 | 86,000 rub. |
| 1PN | 3050×1100×1670 | 1 | 180 | 96,000 rub. |
| 1RM | 2500×1100×1970 | 1 | ||
| 1PNM | 3000×1100×1970 | 1 | 210 | 100,000 rub. |
| 1.5P | 3500×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 250 | 107500 rub. |
| 1.5PN | 3850×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5RM | 3500×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5PNM | 3850×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 310 | 128,000 rub. |
- "Leader".
Such septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from sedimentation tanks and to run an aerator, which saturates the water with oxygen for the development of aerobic microorganisms that eat organic matter. As you can see, this is a volatile solution. Thanks to an integrated approach and the presence of six chambers, the process requires the use of special bioadditives, and the system is highly resistant to temporary overloads of wastewater pollution.
Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle that discharge can be carried out in a convenient place: ditches, pond or drainage well. As you can see, there are no violations of standards for the discharge of pollutants; there is complete consistency with the ecology of the surrounding nature.
Local wastewater treatment occurs on the principle of passing through all stages of the tank with pumping out the activated sludge that has accumulated. The first chamber is used for the mechanical stage of purification - primary clarification of water and sedimentation of suspended particles. The manufacturer indicates that the effectiveness of this chamber is 2/3 of mineral contamination.
As for the second stage, a bioreactor is used here, in which anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation (conversion of difficult-to-oxidize substances into simple ones for the oxidation process). Moreover, bacteria develop on a polymer fishing line that imitates algae. In subsequent blocks of the septic tank, namely in the third, fourth and fifth, wastewater is purified by aerobic bacteria. All conditions for life are provided for them, which are created using two aeration tanks with aerators.
The bacteria themselves multiply on the porous material, form entire colonies, turning into activated sludge. As a result of the victorious battle with the drains, the last stage of the septic tank emerges. Here the neutralization of phosphates occurs in an alkaline environment.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Leader”Price for septic tank Leader
The cost of a septic tank with turnkey installation directly depends on its dimensions, power, weight, and connection to the sewerage system. Septic tanks also differ in price, which depends on the chosen model of the cleaning device.
Nowadays, the price for a Leader septic tank may differ, so below we will look not just at the price category, but also at different models septic tank
- "Poplar".
The design of this septic tank allows it to be used in the following temperature range - from -30 to +40 0C. It works on the principle of passing sewage water through four compartments (two of them have aerators installed). Regular supply of oxygen to the contents has a positive effect on the development of bacteria, which are responsible for the decomposition of biomaterial. The required oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and the process of circulating fluid between different compartments is carried out by airlifts.
When human waste is decomposed by bacteria, the wastewater enters the settling tank, where activated sludge is deposited, and the liquid is sent through a filter to the collection system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, as a result of which moisture on the contacts is completely excluded and ensured reliable protection equipment.
The body of the septic tank is made of polymers that do not corrode, and the average service life of a septic tank is approximately 50 years. As for deposits, they are removed independently or using a sewer machine.
Table of characteristics of the Topol septic tank
Septic tank “Topol”: reviews and prices
If installation work are carried out in strict accordance with all requirements, then no questions will arise during the operation of the Topol septic tank. We read numerous reviews of the operation of this treatment plant that we could find on the Internet, and came to the following conclusion: the reviews are mostly positive, without harsh criticism of the septic tank and its characteristics. The main thing is to choose an installation that is appropriate in terms of performance and install it correctly.
If we talk about prices, they are competitive, neither cheaper nor more expensive than other options. Of course, they grow as the volume and productivity of the container increases. In the table below you can see the average cost of a Topol installation of various capacities.
| Model | Price in rubles. | Electricity consumption, kW/day | Maximum one-time discharge in liters | Daily processing, m 3 / day | Number of conditional users |
| "Topol 3" | 70,000 rub. | 0,9 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 3 PR" | 76,000 rub. | 1,2 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 5" | 80900 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 PR" | 87900 rub. | 1,2 / 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long" | 103500 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long PR" | 110800 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 8" | 99800 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 PR" | 119,000 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long" | 115500 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long PR" | 120900 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 10" | 125,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| Topol 10 PR | 135,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long" | 144,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long PR" | 153,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
- "Topas".
In the Topas septic tank, sewage water is purified in several directions: the process of decomposition of organic materials, reducing the mineralization of wastewater, as well as cleaning from mechanical impurities. The operating principle of such a septic tank cannot be considered innovative, but be that as it may, it provides purified water (98%), which you can use for irrigation.
The first stage of purification is carried out in the receiving stone, in which sedimentation of mechanical impurities occurs. Then the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to resolve organic compounds as a result of the activity of bacteria (their colonies are in activated sludge). Suspended sludge entering with water has a deeper purification, which is deposited in the next compartment. The fully purified water will then be removed from the system and the sludge will be returned for later use.
Equipment servicing occurs when checking the operation of the compressor and diagnosing the septic tank.
Topas characteristics table
| Model name | Designed for number of people | Dimensions, mm
The Ecopan septic tank was designed for use on heaving soils with a high clay content. The destructive effects of the soil are compensated by the two-layer design of the septic tank with a huge amount internal partitions between the first polymer layers. For light soils, it is better to use Ecopan L series. It is resistant to various mechanical damages, as it has a wall thickness of up to 8 mm. The step-by-step cleaning process is carried out by six sections of the septic tank. In the first compartment, heavy and light suspensions are deposited, differing as they accumulate through the hatch provided by the manufacturers. Then follows the aerobic process, which takes place inside the next compartment. Brush loading ensures the rapid development of bacteria that decompose organic compounds. In the next chamber, oxygen is supplied to oxidize with a compress and deepen the decomposition process. Sedimentation of suspensions and calming of mixtures is carried out in the next compartment, from where the sediment is pumped into the first chamber for subsequent removal. To purify wastewater to the required values, the penultimate compartment is used, in which colonies of organisms on a brush load bring about the decomposition of biomaterials, and limestone ensures a normal pH of the environment. Purified water from the last chamber is removed from the system by gravity or through a pump. Table of characteristics of the Ecopan septic tank Price for septic tank "Ekopan" Septic tanks for dachas "Ekopan" are not too expensive - their prices are comparable to the cost of similar VOCs. Below we provide a table with the cost of the most popular models of local septic tanks.
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When building a residential building, they simultaneously design a sewer system, most often an independent one. If previously sewage was dumped into a cesspool, now septic tanks are replacing it everywhere. These are progressive devices for the purification of household wastewater, which are an airtight vessel divided into chambers in which the wastewater is first settled, then processed by microorganisms, and then filtered.
Huge selection drain purifiers on the market, the question of which septic tank is better for a home with permanent residence, and which one is more suitable for the conditions of a country house, is relevant.
The main element of a closed (local) sewer system is classified according to various criteria. Based on the number of wells, one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks are distinguished. They are made of steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass, equipped with suitable materials.
The following is a classification of septic tanks by design features. Depending on the range of functions implemented, there are three types of septic tanks for homes.
- Cumulative. It includes one chamber or two communicating wells. The waste in a sealed storage tank is separated into liquid and dense fractions, organic matter is broken down, and the liquid with suspensions settles. To avoid overfilling of the vessels, sewage is pumped out from time to time. You can use the storage tank as a basis when installing an inexpensive country septic tank. This technical solution acceptable , if residents come to the house only on weekends (pumping will have to be done once a year).
- A settling tank with a soil post-treatment compartment. This is a reservoir delimited into chambers without a bottom (infiltrators), which play the role of aeration platforms (filtration fields). The chambers contain activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of wastewater.
- Installation for deep cleaning. In it, waste is decomposed in stages using various methods. First, the solid fraction settles, then comes the stage of bioprocessing of organic matter. Progressive cleaning units of this group are equipped with a compressor. The method is expensive, but very effective: up to 95% of wastewater goes into a neutral state, and sewage has to be removed no more than once every 5-7 years. It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station if the house is being built next to a river or pond.
To local sewerage functioned more actively, it is recommended to equip it for a private home anaerobic septic tank. It involves the colonization of special bacteria that feed on organic matter and have no need for oxygen into the primary purification tank. This approach speeds up the disinfection and dissolution of wastewater.
If you remove a pipe from the after-treatment tank to communicate with the atmosphere or connect an air compressor, you can get an aerobic septic tank.
To do this, it is inhabited by microorganisms that process organic matter when oxygen is available. Biological decomposition of waste by two types of bacteria allows you to bring wastewater to a state process water.
When organizing wastewater treatment, an inevitable question arises: how to choose a septic tank for your home? To answer this, the problem must be analyzed from several perspectives.
1.Factory product or homemade design . In the second case, the cleaner is made from tires, concrete rings, and bricks. But such a model is permissible only under the condition of periodic or seasonal residence in the house.
A comparison of septic tanks produced at the factory and those manufactured in-house in terms of duration and safety of operation convincingly proves: for household needs, it is better to prefer a purchased installation, which, in combination with proper installation, guarantees full compliance with building and environmental standards.
Stations with a high percentage of filtration allow you to discharge purified water into any body of water.
It is not practical to use such a septic tank for a summer house or a detached cottage, but it can be purchased for a village or street. For an individual user, a two-chamber or two-capacity septic tank is more suitable. The first option collects wastewater and performs its primary purification, the second filters the liquid part and releases water into the ground. Effluent treated with two-chamber units is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies.
2. Material. It also determines the choice of a septic tank for a country house, influencing its service life and reliability.
- Reinforced concrete. The rings, manufactured according to the technical process in accordance with the standards, are not subject to corrosion and have great strength, but their installation will not be possible without special equipment.
- Metal. Advantages of steel containers – mechanical strength and an affordable price, but the main disadvantage is increased corrosion. From the inside, the walls of the tank are constantly in contact with the chemically active liquid, and on the outside - with the soil. To metal septic tank lasted longer, waterproofing will be required. Installation of a massive tank is impossible without lifting equipment.
- Polymer. Plastic septic tanks are in demand due to their low weight and relative cheapness. The disadvantage of the design is instability: during installation the container must be constantly held in a vertical position. Most polymers are susceptible to damage by rodents, cracking when exposed to low temperatures.
- Fiberglass. Along with chemical neutrality, it also has other positive qualities: durable, lightweight, and does not respond to temperature fluctuations. The most durable and practical septic tanks for a country house are made from fiberglass.
3.Groundwater depth and soil type. If a single-chamber model is selected, groundwater must flow deeper than the bottom of the tank. For safe use for the multi-chamber version, they should be 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter).
If the waters are located at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip drainage fields for three-section septic tanks, especially on waterproof ones clay soils. Here are some tips for specific conditions.
- Sandy soil. A unit with biological treatment is recommended, upon completion of which the water directly turns into sand. The filtration field is located higher.
- Clay. In addition to bacterial purification, the wastewater must pass through a sand filter. The purified liquid from the septic tank is discharged directly onto the ground.
- High bedding line surface waters. The best option is a polymer septic tank with bio-treatment, specially weighted or fixed to prevent floating.
4. Volume of the vessel and its dimensions. Capacity is calculated based on the average daily norm drainage per person (with a standard set of plumbing fixtures - 200 liters), number of residents and a three-day supply. If there are four in a family, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as follows:
200*4 people*3 days. = 2400 liters
If a country mansion is often visited by guests, the result obtained is increased by 2/3: 2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters. The optimal tank depth is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.
Depending on the resulting cubic capacity, according to Table 1, a septic tank model is selected.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house and cottage
Dacha for occasional holidays
If residents visit the house on weekends, and there is little plumbing equipment in the home, then a productive complex that processes wastewater is not required. Dacha owners often choose inexpensive, low-performance single-chamber drives. Unlike a cesspool, they are filled with sand and crushed stone filter layers, providing 50% purification.
Following the advice of experts, it is better to prefer a small two-chamber mini-septic tank with sedimentation and infiltration sections. If the volume of wastewater is not higher than the standard (certificate), then such equipment perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.
Before choosing a compact septic tank for your dacha, get acquainted with its features:
- mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge, populated with anaerobic biomaterial (after processing the organic matter, the liquid is filtered in a well, then enters the soil);
- sewer storage tanks are made of reinforced polyethylene, resistant to frost;
- compact products are delivered to their destination by passenger car, when loading, a construction truck crane is not needed;
- You can install a septic tank alone.
Country house for permanent residence
For a family with an average income, the best septic tank for a country house is a unit with two or three sections (factory-made or built from reinforced concrete rings). This is a combination of a one- or two-chamber storage tank and a septic tank filter. The first two wells (settlements) are sealed, and the third is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it.
When the settling tanks are filled, a sewer is called in to clean the septic tank, and the filter components are changed every three years. A multi-chamber septic tank cleans drains by an average of 90%.
Which septic tank to choose for a country house in order to make the drains cleaner and call the sewer less often?
- Septic tank with filtration field. This is a complex that combines 2-3 wells and a drainage zone (it requires an underground area of at least 30 m2). The minimum gap between the field and the house is 30 m.
- Multi-section septic tank with biofilter. This is the answer to the question of which septic tank is better for a country house and cottage if there are permanent residents and taking into account the high boundary of the passage of groundwater. The model, manufactured industrially, consists of 4 sections:
When planning the construction of a country house, along with drawing up the design of the building itself, it is necessary to design engineering systems, including drainage and wastewater treatment systems. To do this, you need to find out what types of septic tanks are used today so that you can choose the most suitable option.
Previously, the installation of an outdoor shower and a “birdhouse” toilet was considered the pinnacle of dacha improvement. These days, more and more owners prefer to equip their homes with a full set of plumbing fixtures.
And in this case, it is necessary to build a local drainage system. To dispose of wastewater from private households, a septic tank is usually used. Let's consider what types of this equipment exist and what features they have.
Classification
Septic tanks that can be included in local systems sewers can be classified according to several criteria:
- by cleaning method;
- by body material;
- according to the installation method.
Varieties based on operating principle
For private households, the following types of septic tanks can be used:
- storage tanks;
- settling tanks with soil filtration;
- installations with forced aeration, providing deep biopurification.
Let's look at the features of each option
Storage tanks
This is the simplest type of equipment; it is a volumetric sealed tank used for collecting and storing wastewater. It works on the same principle as a cesspool, the difference being the environmental safety of the storage tank. After all, the storage tank, unlike cesspools, prevents contaminated liquid from entering the ground.
As the storage tank fills, it will need to be cleaned. This work is carried out using sewage disposal machines. The contents of the container are pumped out by a pump into a tank installed on a vehicle and transported for disposal in the prescribed manner.
This option for organizing wastewater disposal can be recommended for a summer residence, provided that the volume of wastewater is small. Otherwise, the drive will need to be cleaned frequently, which will incur additional costs.
Septic tanks
This option is universal, it is recommended for a small summer cottage or for a spacious one. country cottage. The difference in this case will be only in the volume of the settling tanks and the area of the devices for post-treatment. The greater the daily volume of wastewater, the more capacious the settling tanks should be. To provide best quality cleaning, multi-stage settling is organized.
Advice! For an ordinary private house, it is recommended to purchase or build a two or three chamber septic tank. In such an installation, two chambers serve as a sump, and in the last one additional cleaning is carried out using biofilters.
These treatment plants work like this:
- The first section of the installation, as a rule, is the most voluminous. Here the accumulation of wastewater and its primary settling occurs;
- water enters the second section, which has already been freed from most of the large inclusions, here the liquid settles additionally, smaller undissolved particles that did not have time to precipitate in the first section settle to the bottom;
- then the water enters the compartment with a biofilter, if it is included in the design of the treatment plant, and then is supplied to the soil filtration unit, where it is finally purified;
- the sediment at the bottom of the settling tanks gradually becomes denser. Bacteria contained in wastewater initiate methane fermentation processes, due to which the sludge partially decomposes and decreases in volume. Due to this, it is not necessary to pump out sludge frequently; it is enough to perform this operation annually.
Advice! If the settling tanks are not cleaned in a timely manner, the sediment will begin to thicken, gradually reducing the volume of the chambers. And reducing the volume of settling tanks will lead to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning.
The advantages of this option:
- simplicity of the device, reliability;
- fairly high efficiency;
- inexpensive and easy maintenance.
- Significant volume of containers. In order for the water to settle well, it is necessary for the water to remain in the sump for at least 72 hours. Therefore, when water consumption is high, it is necessary to use large-capacity tanks.
- The need to build soil filtration devices. This increases construction costs. It is especially difficult if the area has clay or high groundwater level.
Deep biopurification
A modern septic tank is no longer just a septic tank, but a station that provides complete cleaning in a minimum amount of time. short time. Due to this, the installations are compact in size, and there is no need to build devices for soil treatment. Principle of operation:
- the first stage of processing is to settle the liquid;
- but in the second section additional equipment is installed - an aerator. Through the holes of this device, air is supplied to the cleaned environment, which ensures the creation of conditions for the occurrence of biological aerobic processes;
- then the liquid settles again and is sent to the outlet.
Advice! To ensure maximum high level cleaning, you can install an additional water disinfection unit using ultraviolet light.
Advantages of the option:
- high quality waste treatment;
- compactness, choosing a place to install a biorefinery station on a site near a country house is much easier than allocating space for installing settling tanks and filtration fields;
- complete absence of odors, so residents and guests of the country house will not feel discomfort.
- high installation cost;
- need to connect electricity.
Materials
The materials for the manufacture of septic tank tanks are: special requirements, namely:
- corrosion resistance;
- strength;
- tightness.
When equipping the local sewage system of a country house, most often they use the following options septic tanks:
- Brick. Previously, this was the most popular option, since tanks of any volume and shape can be made of brick. Moreover, the wave work can be done independently, without the involvement of construction equipment. This is important if the owners of a private house decide to do the construction on their own. The disadvantages of this option are the insufficient tightness of brick tanks and the need for additional waterproofing work.
- Plastic. Currently plastic septic tanks- this is the most used version of treatment plants recommended for use in autonomous sewage systems of a private home. Such installations can be purchased ready-made, or assembled independently using ready-made plastic containers of the required volume. Plastic models have a lot of advantages and only one drawback - they are too light and can float during the seasonal rise of groundwater.
- Reinforced concrete. Reliable, heavy-weight structures. They can be prefabricated (from prefabricated reinforced concrete parts) or monolithic. The latter are more airtight, since they do not have seams, but prefabricated structures can be assembled much faster. The disadvantage is the laboriousness of installation, as well as the need to use special equipment.
Advice! Metal tanks are practically not used in the construction of sewerage systems for a private country house. Due to the susceptibility of the metal to corrosion, the metal septic tank will be short-lived, and the use of stainless steel will make the treatment plant prohibitively expensive.
Installation method
According to the location of the sections, all treatment plants are divided into horizontally and vertically oriented. Vertical type treatment plants are the preferred option for a private home, as they require much less space during installation.
However, this option can only be used at low GWL. If the level of soil water is high, then you have to choose horizontal version. In this case, the depth of the reservoir will be small, but the area for installing the septic tank will require a significant amount. In addition, according to the installation method, underground and surface ones are distinguished. The latter option is chosen if local conditions do not allow installation in the ground.
What to consider when choosing?
To make the right choice of treatment plant, you need to consider the following factors:
- daily amount of waste;
- frequency of use (permanent, seasonal or periodic residence);
- features of the geology of the site;
- construction budget.
So, for a summer house used for periodic recreation, an inexpensive storage tank is quite suitable, but for a country house it is better to use more productive models - sedimentation tanks or biotreatment stations.
So there are different types septic tanks, so for any operating conditions you can choose the most optimal option. A correctly selected and installed septic tank will last a long time, providing sufficient high efficiency disposal of sewage wastewater.
