How does the Electric Planer work?
An electric planer is a fairly popular tool in carpentry, which is used for leveling, planing and to make wood surfaces smooth. For these tasks, an electric plane will be useful to you in a separate private house, in a country house, and in an apartment. After all, without this the right tool Even installing an ordinary bench won’t cost you.
The structure of the electric planer consists of a shaft that rotates and several legs attached to it. The plane shaft is driven by electric motor. The main working material for a plane is wood, and this is a rather heterogeneous surface. And to achieve smoothness, the motor that rotates the inner drum must be powerful enough, namely, at least 1000 rpm. The higher the power of the electric planer, the higher its productivity and the lower the possibility of overloading it during operation.
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Self-disclosure of the electric bank
Index: [hide]
- Components
- Principle of operation
A hand-held electric hook is a tool used to cut wood in the woodworking process.
Disassemble the device manually with instructions.
Electrical device diagram.
Components
The power supply of the electric gun allows connection to the network alternating current, frequency 50 Hz and voltage 220 V. The safety of craftsmen working with tools is ensured by a double layer of insulation. Therefore, a safety mechanism and grounding are not needed.
Construction details:
- single-phase motor assembly;
- flat blade knives;
- one-time transfer;
- body;
- A mechanism that controls the depth of planning;
- advanced mobile support;
- pen;
- conductive cable with plug.
Main parts of an electric gun.
The motor housing must be attached to the equipment body.
How to properly plan a wide board
Double insulation is achieved by insulating the motor armature shaft and using plastics to make the sheath. The engine is cooled by a fan, which draws air through slots on the housing cover. Air passes through the engine and is exhausted through the holes in the intermediate screen.
A cutter with two straight knives is cutting element designs.
The knives are tightened tightly. The cutter rotates with a belt drive from an electric motor in two bearings, which are compressed in the cover and body of the structure.
The drive belt parts are driven and driven by pulleys which are connected by an endless belt 15mm wide and 2mm thick.
Rotate the additional knob to set the scanning depth from 0 to 2 mm.
The mobile media will move along the guides of the device body. The handles and electric motor are installed on a common panel.
It moves by adjusting screws that provide tension to drive the drive belt. The belt should not exceed 2-4 mm.
The main lever is equipped with a device that blocks radio interference and the latch switch.
Principle of operation
Working position when working with electric shock.
The main element of an electric gun is a rotating drum on which flat knives are attached.
An electric motor with a power of at least 580-900 W with a speed of 1000 rpm must be selected for the equipment. because the texture of the treated wood may be uneven, and the surface of the structural parts must be smooth.
The rotational motion from the engine is transmitted to the milling cutter via a toothed belt. The equipment shell is made of cast aluminum. It is divided into two parts, before and after the incisors. The front part is height adjustable, allowing you to set the required chip thickness and movement on the raw wood surface.
The rear part is fixed and moves along the planned surface.
Rotating drum large number models are open on one side. Select a quarter width that will accommodate a side stopper on most models. The device can be additionally equipped with a protective cover on the side surface, which can be removed by removing the quarter.
Experts advise dismantling the electric plane using keys and a screwdriver.
On wedge blocks, the pulleys, casing and pulleys will be removed. As you remove the housing, remove the nuts, unscrew the screws, and separate the plastic motor housing halves.
The next stage of disassembly involves disconnecting the wires and removing the capacitor and switch. Then remove the cover from the motor, brush holders, brush and rear shield.
The anchor is removed from which the ball bearing and fan are removed.
The cutter is removed and the covers are removed. The cutter is dismantled and the knives are removed. The next step involves removing the front support and dismantling the mechanism that regulates the gliding depth.
How to choose an electric hook
How to use the electric plane
If you operate an electric welder correctly, make sure you use a high-quality surface and do not allow the tool to damage you. So, in this article we analyze the question of how to use the electric plane correctly.
Made knives and their installation
To ensure that the treated surface is smooth and clean, it is necessary to use electrical planes with good sharp blade and disassemble correctly and you want to set the correct planning depth and move the planner to the surface correctly.
Usage electric cutter with soldered knives is foolish because, firstly, the surface is rough and imprecise, and secondly, the motor scheduler in this case represents an excessive load that can lead to early wear.
The knives may be made sharper or simply discarded after drowning and new ones installed in their place, this applies to the thin knives now used in most modern electric guns. Unloaded and many sharp knives have two sharp sides, which cut the knife on one side and work on the other side. Of course, single-sided knives cannot be rotated.
Sharper knives were best left to specialists in special workshops, which are usually rich in cities, since special equipment is required.
However, the artisans who sharpen the knives themselves use households harshly - the most important thing here is that my eyes do not see small blows and hands, so such violations will not be unnecessary. But it's even better to subscribe to special work, because the process is cheap.
Now about installing the knives.
The use of electric aircraft with inadequate open knives may be hazardous to health and may cause unpleasant results on the treated surface. Knives on different planes can be installed differently. How best to replace it in the instructions. The knife, once installed, should be supported evenly on the outside of the drum without distortion. The degree to which the knife is pulled out of the drum can be determined with a ruler.
After adjusting the blades, we set the planning depth to the plane and then apply a ruler to the back of the knife so that it is parallel to the front sole of the plane.
Now you can measure the distance between the front sole and the first straight edge with the second straight edge. This should match the displayed planning depth.
After installing the blades, make sure they do not touch the body of the plane and rotate the drum by hand. And all work, of course, must be done with the plug being pushed out of the network.
Surface treatment
When planning you should follow a few simple rules that will achieve the best results.
The worker who is to be processed must be securely secured so that he does not get lost during the operation.
If you are going to use electric planers on large, heavy brackets or plates, the key here is that they were on a fairly flat surface and because they do not need to be repaired because they are so complex and will not slip away.
Before a plane can be applied to the workpiece, it must first be turned on and allowed to rotate completely in the air, and then the chips must be removed.
The guide plane on the surface is desirable without movement and stops at a speed of 1.5-2 m/min. If you work at this speed, then it is guaranteed best quality processing.
The depth of adjustment depends on the rough surface. This happens because the grill or stove burns on the saw blades in such a way that the surface becomes rippled. Such surfaces are best suited for maximum rotation depth and then machined at a lower level.
This may require more than one pass, but more.
Use an electric plane so that the pressure during gliding is applied evenly across the entire sole. However, when you have just laid down the machined surface flat, you need to lightly press down on the front. And when it comes to the end, you need to press hard on the last part. This will prevent edges from forming along the edges of the panel or blocking blocks. The clamping force can only be determined by experience.
Sometimes there are differences between planned adjacent passages.
To prevent them from occurring and to repair them if they do occur, some experience can be gained. If such differences occur, they can be removed so that they intersect the plane with a minimum planning depth. At the same time, it should be operated in such a way that the tool is not subjected to strong pressure.
If your aircraft supports the quarterly delete feature and you decide to use it, follow these steps.
First, you must install the included sidebar. This is done according to the instructions, with various models, which can be fixed in their own way. Then make sure that the side of the panel where you remove the quarter is straight and has no differences. If it is uneven, the lateral support that runs next to it will repeat the irregularity and the quarter will be mistakenly removed.
As you work to remove the quarter, be sure to press flat, top or side.
Sometimes when we forget to compress the plane laterally, it moves towards the edge and the quarter moves away unevenly again.
Video “Quarter Quarter” (2:01)
How to Use the Electric Plane Safely
If you need to use an electric plane, follow certain safety rules to protect your body from harm.
Of course, before you begin, you must ensure that the insulation on the electric gun you are to carry is in good condition. If there are holes or cracks in the wire, the wire must be replaced.
Do not use an electrical plane with damaged wires.
In addition, as mentioned above, the electric plane must be unplugged, otherwise it may be left fingerless or damaged electric shock in case of unintentional start.
Additionally, it was mentioned that the electric gun must be turned on before the soleplate comes into contact with the workpiece.
And only after reaching full speed, bring it to wooden surface. Even after releasing the switch on the plane, you must wait until the cutter drum comes to a complete stop before inserting it.
If it is plugged in but has been left without a working electrical plane for some time, it should be placed on its side so that if it is inadvertently turned on, it cannot move anywhere.
These are the characteristics of using the electric plane.
We hope you found this article helpful.
Video “How to work as a director” (6:20)
Based on materials from the site: http://instrument-tehnika.ru
How to level a plate using an electric gun.
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Today the boards had to be aligned so that they fit together. At the beginning and end of the panel it was very difficult, they got grooves.
How to use an electric plane?
How to do it right?
alex78sol
October 15, 2016
at 19:23 If the aircraft has the ability to mount to a workbench, it is better to rotate it and repair and direct it.
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A plane is a traditional carpenter's tool, a kind of symbol of this profession. The shape of the instrument and the methods of working with it, despite its technical improvement over many years, have not essentially changed.
So that the planing process wooden blank flowed “without a hitch” (as evidenced by the twisted shavings emerging freely from the slot in the plane block), it is necessary to accurately adjust the plane knife and correctly move the plane along the surface being planed.
Planing is a real pleasure when using a planer thin and long twisted chips fly out.
Fixing the knife in the vice of the workbench plane with exposed chipbreaker, lightly tighten the screw. After wedging is fixed with a chipbreaker itself due to its springiness.
Insert the knife into the tap hole of the plane and at first they only secure it by hand wedge in its guides.
To determine, is it set correctly? knife (its blade should be parallel sole plane planer and protrude slightly over her), you just need turn the plane over and evaluate mutual blade parallelism knife and sole by eye. To adjust (if necessary) position knife, release the wedge, align the knife correctly and fix it again wedge
When planing the faces of workpieces, the knife should remove chips of uniform thickness. To do this, you need to adjust the chipbreaker of a jointer, a double plane (with a double blade) or a sander. The chipbreaker performs the function corresponding to its name and should be installed slightly above (about 1 mm) the knife blade and fit snugly against it.
First, the knife with the chipbreaker fixed on it is inserted into the slot (tap) of the block (body) and slightly wedged. Then set the knife with light blows of the hammer so that its blade is parallel to the sole of the plane and protrudes slightly above it. After this, the knife is finally fixed in the block with a wedge, screw or cam clamp (depending on the design of the plane).
Since during planing the upper part of the worker’s body moves together with the plane, the carpenter must stand on the side parallel to the workpiece being processed, with one leg placed forward. To prevent the plane from tipping over at the beginning and end of the workpiece (then the surface being processed in these areas will be uneven), you should lean harder first on its front handle, and then on the back handle at the exit.
PRECISION PLANE
In modern planes with a metal block, the blade is usually secured with a screw. With another screw (set screw), you can adjust the plane to the required thickness of the chips being removed with an accuracy of hundredths of a millimeter. In addition, such planes are equipped with a so-called blade tilt regulator, which allows you to quickly, just press thumb hands on the corresponding lever to correctly position the knife blade relative to the sole of the plane.
EDGE PLANING
When planing the edges of flat workpieces, you should move the plane along an even path along the entire length of the workpiece, leaning evenly on it. In this case, the knife must be secured securely so that it does not vibrate in the block. In addition, you should avoid tearing the chips by cutting in the direction of the wood grain. When processing wood pieces with thin and irregular texture (for example, root), the knife must be sharpened very well. When planing, such a workpiece should be constantly rotated.
It is more convenient to trim a narrow edge using, for example, a piece of board, pressed against the workpiece, or planing simultaneously edges of several thin boards collected in a package. In this case the supporting surface increases for the sole of the plane.
To prevent the edge from becoming rounded, The plane must be held level, without tilting in any direction.
Sherhebel can be removed in one pass thicker layer of material.
The end of the workpiece will be planed much easier if you hold a plane at an angle to the workpiece faces.
Wide wooden overlays, attached with a clamp to both edges of the workpiece, eliminating chipping when processing the end.
The workpieces are not plated long length turn out very smooth with a silky shine after processing only with a sander.
When planing layers it is necessary constantly check with steel processed with a square surface.
When processing long workpieces has proven itself best a jointer that can even plan towards the fibers.
PLANING PLATES
To make a rough but even surface smooth, it is enough to treat it with a sander (a tool with a knife angle increased to 60° for fine planing of hard-to-cut wood) and a jointer. To eliminate unevenness or remove a thicker layer, treatment with Sherhebel will be required. The latter is equipped with a narrow (33 mm wide) convex knife with an oval blade, capable of removing chips up to 3 mm thick in one pass. After this, the surface must be leveled with a sander and “smoothed” with a jointer.
CLEANING THE ENDS
When cleaning the ends of the workpieces, the plane is driven in the direction “away from you”, making short pushes with it. In this case, the wood fibers are cut crosswise, which requires somewhat greater effort and the use of a very sharp knife. To avoid chipping at the edge in the direction in which the end of the workpiece is being machined, you can first chamfer this edge. It’s better to first process one half of the end to the middle, and then, turning the workpiece 180°, the second half.
More than during operation, the blades deteriorate from contact with foreign objects when the plane is not used. During breaks in work, the plane should be placed on its side or with the front part of the sole on wooden stand. At long-term storage or when transporting the plane in a tool box, the knife should be placed inside the block.
There are many planes and planing machines available for planing boards. However, if the board is quite wide, more than 200mm, then planing it evenly, on a plane, is quite problematic, since one side of the board is convex and the other has curved edges.
In this case, it is better to use different planing techniques. The first way is to walk, not with a wide electric plane, over protruding places. This is done in order to plan evenly and prevent the plane of the board from skewing towards one of its edges.
In this case, when planing protruding edges, it is necessary to remove the thickness of the planing with a small amount of removal, and go through the same number of times on one and the other side. Finally, we plan the board on a wide planer. If there is no planing machine, then they are installed on an electric planer special knives with rounded ends so that there is a protrusion between narrow passages, since the width of the plane when planing is less than the board.
If you have a large machine, then in order to avoid distortions when planing an uneven board that is convex on one side, shavings are poured onto the bed, after which the board is ground in and lies flat when planing. This simplest technique allows you to avoid distortion when planing.
You should not neglect the clamping device that many planing machines are equipped with, since they not only press the board, but also press it evenly. When achieving a smooth surface of the board, the main thing is to have well-sharpened and adjusted knives, plus thin layer planing.
If your planer is narrower than the board being processed, then you should plan the board in one pass, first on one side, then on the other. Thus. You will achieve a smooth surface wide board.
An electric planer allows you to quickly and efficiently perform rough and finishing wood processing. When working with large volumes of plank material (construction, furniture manufacturing), the use of an electric planer allows for significant savings due to the almost twofold difference in the cost of treated and untreated boards. The only alternative to get comparable savings is to buy planed boards from the manufacturer directly, bypassing intermediaries, which is not always possible.
Main advantages
The main advantages of an electric planer:
- High speed;
- Simplifying many technological operations(cutting a quarter, for example) due to the presence in the design of the plane of an angular stop, a side limiter and an adjustable processing depth;
- As a result, increased productivity;
- When working, precisely controlled physical efforts are not required, as in the case of using a conventional plane;
- Additional elements can expand the functionality of the plane.
Criterias of choice
The choice of a specific electric planer model is made based on an analysis of the following indicators:
- Rotation frequency. Must be at least 10,000 rpm. The presence of control electronics that maintains a stable rotation speed under load is welcome.
- Power. The higher, the easier work and more electricity consumption.
- Planing width.
- Planing depth and its adjustment mechanism.
- Tool weight;
- Heating intensity;
- Availability of a dust collector;
- Condition of the sole (flatness);
- Availability of spare parts (knives and belts) for this model on the market.
Features of work
The technology for working with an electric planer is quite simple. To begin with, the processing depth is set. Typically, this is done using a special rotary knob. Keep in mind that even at zero depth, many models will remove chips, so we recommend looking at models with a minus depth setting.
The board being processed must be securely fastened. To do this, it is advisable to use a special workbench that does not allow play either horizontally or vertically. vertical plane. Otherwise, the plane may be torn out of the worker’s hands with unpredictable consequences, not to mention damage to the board being processed.
The board must be installed in such a way that it is possible to move freely along it from one edge to the other. All interior elements that impede the employee’s movement must be removed from the path.
The plane is always held with two hands and is started without contact with the surface being processed. The passage is carried out along the wood fibers.
When working, ensure that the plane is positioned so that its sole is parallel to the board. The pressure on the plane should be light and even at the back and front.
The plane is passed from edge to edge. It is not recommended to interrupt, as the uniformity of processing may be disrupted. To process a wide board, several successive passes are used with a shift in width (or a plane with wide knives is initially selected).
To create chamfers along the edges of the material being processed, the electric planer has special grooves on the sole.
Carrying out work with an electric planer is not very good difficult task with minimal skills to work with it. But it will be somewhat more difficult to plane a wide board with an electric planer. Not every specialist can do this kind of work efficiently. This is due to the difficulty of removing a uniform layer between the processing boundaries.
Execution of work: instructions
In order to achieve high-quality processing boards, before this you must initially do a trial treatment on waste lumber. At the same time, the plane can be used in different operating modes: manual mode and stationary. The stationary mode consists of passing the workpiece through the rotating blade part of the plane.
In order to carry out work using manual mode, before starting the process, it is necessary to configure the tool. not much different from the normal setup hand plane. To do this, you need to adjust the cutting depth of its knives. Most often this size is 1-4 mm. When making adjustments, it is necessary to take into account the fact that a smaller depth of planing of the material will improve the quality of its processing.
Moreover, setting the knife to a shallow cutting depth will allow it to move more easily across the workpiece. In this case, you need to press the tool on the edge of the passage and round the back edge of the edge (which will help avoid injury).
The less the rotating knife protrudes beyond the sole of the plane, the smaller the layer of wood it will remove, therefore the boundaries between different passes will be less noticeable.
In the case when deep processing of the material is necessary, then during the first pass the plane knives are adjusted to maximum depth processing. And then they are reconfigured and more precise finishing planing is performed.
Over time, you can acquire the skill to correctly complete a pass on the back edge of the material and select the correct planing depth. This will help speed up the work process and complete it not in 8-10 passes, but in 4-5.
To correctly adjust the knives, which depends on the difference in the upper marks between the front and rear ends of the plane, it must be done using a bench ruler.
Return to contents
Proper wood processing
When using an electric planer, it is necessary to choose the correct direction for processing the material.
It is usually taken along the direction of the grain of the wood. But in the case when workpieces are processed, which are assembled from several boards or bars that have large protrusions at the joints, then processing can be carried out in a diagonal direction. The electric planer knives rotate at a fairly high speed and therefore allow this procedure to be performed. Of course, ordinary hand tools It won't work that way.
In order to ensure that the processed edge does not turn out when processing with an oblique, it is necessary to use an angular stop, and not rely only on individual skill and eye. It must be attached to the side of the instrument to its base, in a strictly perpendicular position relative to its axis. Now to plan, you need to place the plane firmly on the plane of the board, and its base should be located exactly at an angle of 90 degrees.
The angle stop must be secured very firmly, since during long work the screws securing it may become loose, leading to tarring work surface planer If this does happen, then you need to wipe it with white spirit.
To avoid chipping the edges of the board, they need to be dulled a little. This is done by chamfering. The same procedure must be performed on parts that will then be varnished. This will help create a smooth transition line between the two surfaces.
Having completed the processing of the wide board, you can resort to the procedure of sanding it. Sanding is the process of aligning the seams between different passes on a board. It is performed using a special machine. Processing such as scraping must also be performed in the direction of the grain of the board. Its use will remove all unnecessary roughness.
