How to cover a concrete blind area. Is the blind area crumbling? Use modern concrete impregnations! When to perform blind area at home

The longevity of a building depends on the condition of the foundation, the health of which is determined by the reliable and efficient removal of surface water from the house at all times. This task is performed by the blind area, which primarily has a protective function. One of the most common and accessible is the technology of arranging a concrete blind area around a building. Its correct design, created with your own hands, will effectively perform the functions long years.

What does it represent?

The blind area is an external basement waterproof concrete structure in the form of a continuous path along the perimeter of the building, sloping from the wall towards the surrounding terrain adjoining plot. Its arrangement involves a tight but movable connection to the base of the house.

The structure is a layered “pie” consisting of materials that together keep the foundation dry. The basis of such protection is in proportion: a compacted, even underlying layer of sand (crushed stone, clay), waterproofing and a coating - concrete, which ensures the waterproofness of the structure.

Functions performed

A properly equipped blind area ensures the longevity of the structure, preventing the destruction of the foundation and structures of the house by moisture from precipitation and melt water. A blind area without concrete, created with your own hands, is a temporary measure that does not solve the entire complex of problems of such a design.

Main function correct blind area- divert and transport water a sufficient distance from the foundation towards the lowest place on the site or into a storm drain.

In addition to the function of a horizontal hydrobarrier, the blind area (especially insulated) reduces the freezing of the soil around the house, which reduces the likelihood of it swelling (rising), and also reduces the thermal conductivity of the building. A blind area without concrete does not prevent periodic moisture of the soil close to the foundation and, as a result, the harmful effects that hard plant roots can cause to it. The protective device also gives the building an aesthetically complete appearance and can be used as a pedestrian path.

Requirements for the blind area and design rules

Diagram of a structure using reinforced concrete.

The encircling protective structure must have the same width, the value of which is 20–30 cm greater than the overhang of the roof eaves beyond the wall of the building. It is generally accepted that it is about 1 m (or more on subsiding soils). The blind area is buried to no more than half the depth of soil freezing in the area. The thickness of the concrete coating is selected within the range of 7 - 10 cm (up to 15 cm if used as a path).

The recommended slope of the coating is 92 - 94 degrees relative to the wall of the building (or 10 - 100 mm per 1 meter of blind area width). The height of the base above the blind area at the junction of the structure is set to 50 cm. Its outer lower edge should be raised approximately 50 mm above ground level, which prevents the accumulation of water at the edge. The technology for creating a structure assumes the possibility of its integral movement following soil deformations relative to the foundation, which ensures near-wall.

How to make a blind area?

Markings are made on the area, the fertile layer of soil is removed. The underlying (clay) is laid. Geotextiles (for example, roofing felt) are laid. The formwork is formed taking into account expansion joints. The area is reinforced. Concrete for the blind area is prepared in the correct proportion and poured into the formwork. The coating surface is drawn out with the selected slope along the edge of the formwork and leveled. The concrete is given time to dry.

Preparation of tools and materials

The quality of the markings is checked by the building level.

For earthworks You will need shovels, a pick, twine, a tape measure, a tamper, and pegs. The required volume of geotextile (waterproof film) for the water seal should be calculated. Required in the right quantity and proportions of components for mixing concrete (washed sand, water, gravel, crushed stone of fractions 5 - 10 mm, cement) or (for example, grade M400 and higher). Tools also include a mixer (container) for forming the solution, buckets, carts (stretchers), and a measuring bucket. The laying of the underlying layer must be provided with sufficient sand (clay).

The formwork is formed from boards, but a hacksaw, level, nails, and hammer are also useful. (steel wire), which should be delivered. Will be needed welding machine, a tool for cutting pieces of reinforcement. A long rule, trowel, and spatulas will help in laying and leveling concrete. The construction of seams will require polyurethane sealant.

A trench is marked around the house with pegs and string. The level at which the blind area adjoins the plinth is marked with beacons in 1.5 m increments. A layer of fertile soil is removed around the building, taking into account the layout of the surrounding surface. The bottom of the trench is compacted and leveled with the already formed slope (herbicides can be added). The depth of the passage can be 500 mm (on heaving soils).

Creation and compaction of a sand cushion

The bottom of the trench is lined with sand, the surface of which is also profiled with a slope. The material is abundantly moistened and compacted. The operation should be repeated at least twice. The thickness of the layer can be up to 20 cm. Its surface is carefully leveled.

Using roll waterproofing materials for the blind area.

Its device involves laying two layers of waterproofing (for example, roofing felt) on a sand substrate, which are slightly folded onto the wall to create an expansion joint. At the joints the material is overlapped. Next, the geotextile is covered more thin layer sand, and then gravel (about 10 cm thick) with a slope of the top layer and compacted. It is advisable to place a drainage system close to such a water seal.

Creating formwork

Removable wooden mold protects the place where concrete is poured. It is reinforced with strong pegs with outside. The form provides for transverse expansion joints (every 2 - 2.5 m), which are installed, including diagonally, at the corners of the formwork. Their tightness is formed by placing them on edge wooden blocks(butyl rubber belts), impregnated with waste oil and coated with bitumen.

The edges of the mold must be straight for the rule to apply. The difference in its height must correspond to the slope of the blind area. The height of the formwork corresponds to the thickness of the concrete. The expansion joint near the wall (10 - 20 mm wide) is filled with roofing material (hydro-swelling cord).

Reinforcement and filling

The process of pouring the blind area of a house with concrete.

A metal mesh of 50x50 (100x100) mm is used, which can be tied to pieces of reinforcement driven into the base in increments of 0.75 m. The mesh is raised above the level of crushed stone by 30 mm. Concrete is mixed and poured with your own hands in portions into the formwork sections to the level of its upper edge.

There should be no air pockets in the concrete. The correct proportions of the concrete mixture for the blind area must correspond to frost resistance. The composition of concrete for the blind area is traditional (corresponding grade from M400 and above). Components that increase strength and durability can be added to the solution in proportion.

In order for the foundation of the house to be durable and strong, it is necessary to provide reliable protection of the foundation from water. A blind area is often used for this. Without it, moisture will contribute to the foundation. In addition to its functional purpose, it plays a decorative role, making the appearance of the house complete.

Why do blind area defects occur?

To make a strip around the perimeter of the building, materials such as concrete, cement, paving stones, natural and artificial stone are used. The first option is the most common. Asphalt and some other materials are rarely used. But sooner or later any blind area begins to collapse.

Defects appear in the form of deep or superficial cracks, displacement and subsidence of individual fragments, crumbling of individual edges or areas. It is also possible for the tiles to peel off from the base of the object. Before strengthening this strip, it is necessary to identify the reasons why it is subject to destruction:

Incorrect installation technology. These include the lack of a waterproofing layer, lack of compaction and unevenness of the backfill, and non-compliance with standards for width and depth. Perhaps the work was carried out in the hot season, before rains or early frosts - all these factors affect the uncured solution. There is also a possibility that the correct recipe for the concrete composition was not followed, for example, a lot or little binder was added: in the first case, the surface will crack, and in the second, it will crumble.
Lack of damping layer. Expansion joints are located between the slab and the base, becoming a shock absorber and contributing to the correct distribution of the resulting vibrations. Their absence will increase the risk of defects appearing on the blind area.
Making a strip around the perimeter of the building without tilting towards the outside. Rain moisture stagnates on flat surfaces, which negatively affects artificial stones and cement coatings. A slight slope away from the object will allow water to drain naturally. Without it, small cracks will form, which over time will turn into deeper tears.
No reinforcement in . This procedure is not mandatory according to current standards, but it gives the water drainage strip the necessary strength.

How to restore the blind area?

Cracking, partial collapse and peeling of the drainage strip around the house indicate that it is time to make repairs. To prevent further deformation of the coating and moisture penetration into the foundation of the house, repair all defects immediately. In case of severe damage and deep subsidence of fragments, it is advisable to completely replace the destroyed coating. The choice of method depends on the type of material:

If the blind area is made of tiles, then it is easier to simply replace its defective parts with new ones. Before this, you need to partially fill the recesses with sand.
Restoring an asphalt strip involves dismantling the deformed section. The resulting pit must be cleaned, and its edges and bottom are treated with liquid resin. Only after this is new asphalt laid, which is carefully compacted with a roller.
Defects in a strip made from a mixture of glue and concrete can be eliminated using moisture-resistant polyurethane foam and special polymer materials. Such mixtures penetrate into all cracks. They harden quite quickly. Cement is not suitable for this task, because... it will only cover the top of the crack, not the entire cavity. Large defective areas are best replaced completely.
Restoring protective tape from cobblestones involves replacing damaged fragments. For this purpose you need a hammer and a chisel. Having removed the deformed cobblestones with their help, you will need to pour them onto empty seats a mixture of crushed gravel and sand to level the layer. After this, you need to compact it, fill everything with mortar and cement and place a suitable fragment on top. Small cracks can be sealed with concrete mixture.

One of the most problematic areas of drainage tape is where it connects to the base of the property. Most of the problems appear due to the peeling of the coating from the foundation of the house. For minor peeling, use waterproofing fillers or sealant. During repairs, experts recommend performing the following work:

Clean any defects that have appeared (cracks, crevices) from various types of debris, as well as soil and sand. Small cracks can be combined into one zone and expanded.
Fill all recesses with concrete mixture. To ensure longevity, add during pouring reinforcing mesh of steel.
After the solution has hardened (this will take several days), treat the surface with a primer for exterior use.
For prevention, you can dig holes about 20-30 cm deep. Fill them with solution.
Fill gaps and cracks with the same material that was used to install the tape around the house.

It is recommended to carry out work to restore the blind area in early spring or late autumn. At these times of the year, defects open up better, and the concrete mixture is in a “calm state”, because it will expand if the air temperature gets very warm.

Ironing

This procedure will help to avoid the appearance of large cracks and gaps that appear on the drainage tape during its operation. Ironing allows you to strengthen the surface of the strip, increasing its level of hardness and strength. This procedure also improves the waterproofing qualities of the blind area.

Despite the name of this technology, iron has nothing to do with it. In most cases, cement and a special product are used: SPEKTRIN, PENTRA, Lithurin, etc. It may include components such as liquid glass, granite and quartz filler, corundum, sodium aluminate, etc. The procedure itself is:

wet;
dry;
polymer.

Dry ironing

This type of procedure is performed as quickly as possible after the blind area has been poured - approximately 1-2 hours. After some time, the tape will still be wet, which is good for the procedure. Detailed instructions:

Take dry cement and sprinkle it on the wet area. This must be done so that the layer has a thickness of 2 mm.
Place the cement evenly using any suitable sieve. Pour the material into it and lightly tap the device.
The resulting layer of cement must be leveled. Use for this purpose hand grater made of polyurethane. It takes a little time to harden the surface.
Due to the porosity and moisture content of the concrete mixture, the water-repellent tape will become stronger and more durable. This will ensure proper adhesion to the dry cement.
You can walk on the coating, which has been reinforced with iron, after a day.

Wet ironing

The difference between this procedure and the previous one is only in the material. IN in this case you need to use cement mortar, which should be quite liquid. The optimal ratio of sand and cement is 1:1. Add lime paste to them, which should be approximately 1/10 of the total volume of cement. It is possible to prepare a mixture from other components: liquid glass, glue.

Wet ironing should be carried out no earlier than 2 weeks after the blind area is poured. During this time, the ratio of moisture and strength in the coating should stabilize. Apply the prepared mixture with a spatula or sprayer.

Polymer ironing

This method involves the use of polyurethane impregnation. Compositions for concrete are very popular - Elakor, PENTRA, SPEKTRIN, Lithurin, etc. They are sold in any hardware store. The polymer ironing technology is similar to the dry method. The exception is that after applying the composition, it is better to level it over the concrete surface with a metal trowel.

Polyurethane impregnation allows you to achieve a higher quality coating. The described method can be used even at 0°C. Dry and wet ironing can only be carried out at positive temperatures. Regardless of the method chosen, the drainage tape must be covered with film or other material that can retain moisture.

The use of impregnations for concrete blind areas

Most often, concrete is used to make a drainage strip, since it is an accessible and inexpensive material that lasts for decades. When exposed to air, any concrete structure becomes covered with cracks and other defects. Once in the pores of the material, water freezes and contributes to the appearance of micro-tears in the structure.

The blind area is exposed to water longer than other structures. If you did not take protective measures after installing the strip and it has already begun to crumble, then you can restore its original appearance using.

Types of means

To effectively treat the blind area and restore it, you first need to choose the appropriate composition. There are impregnations made on the basis of organic and inorganic compounds:

Organic products are liquid mixtures containing epoxy resins, polyurethane, and acrylic. In contact with concrete, they fill all the pores of the outer layer of the material, which provides it with the ability to repel water and resist the aggressive effects of external factors. Such compositions make the material more durable and prevent the appearance of cement dust.
Inorganic agents react with external molecular compounds of the coating, which may dissolve. As a result, they become inert. Thanks to this, the top layer of the material becomes immune to external factors.

How to use impregnation for restoration?

You can achieve a better result if you use the described products to treat new concrete surfaces, but this method is also suitable for old blind areas. Before using impregnation, perform the following steps:

Clean the drainage tape from dirt and dust.
Repair all chips and cracks.
It is advisable to do it dry using a grinder.

There is no point in applying impregnation if the surface is uneven and flaky. The new structure should be treated no earlier than 15 days after it is poured. For application, adhere to the following rules:

Apply impregnation at temperatures from +5 to +40°C. If you carry out work outside this temperature range, the properties of the impregnation may deteriorate.
Treat the blind area using personal protective equipment for the respiratory system, skin and eyes.
Apply impregnation to a dry strip to drain water. Do not perform the procedure during rain or fog.
To apply the product, use rollers and brushes that are solvent resistant.
Treat the blind area in several layers - some time should pass between applications. The second time the impregnation is applied approximately 1 hour after the first, and the third - 2 hours after the second. This general recommendations, because the instructions for each composition have their own instructions.

To ensure that the concrete blind area does not collapse and copes well with its function, it is important to waterproof it. A clamp is often used for this purpose. brickwork or clay. In rare cases, an asphalt screed is used, the layer of which is on average 30 mm.

To protect the blind area when there is a large accumulation of groundwater and poor drainage, be sure to install a ditch along its perimeter. Before filling, cover it with waterproofing. Excellent choice will become materials, the main one of which is polypropylene. PVC film is also suitable for solving the problem. But polyethylene material and roofing felt are practically not suitable for this purpose.

There are two ways to waterproof a blind area:

Penetrating method. It is very popular, although it appeared relatively recently. It involves increasing the strength and durability of the blind area due to the influence of hydraulic pressure. This can be achieved due to the fact that insulating materials are able to penetrate deep into the pores of the structure - approximately 40 cm. As a result, a crystalline structure is formed, and water does not pass through the body of the material.
Painting method. Involves protecting a concrete blind area using bitumen mastic. It should be applied to a dry and clean surface over primer using a brush. If necessary, the walls can be easily leveled with mortar. The mastic must be applied in layers, the thickness of each of which should not be more than 2 mm. If you apply the composition to a damp and uncleaned surface, cracks or swelling may appear.

It should be added that bitumen mastic is used for horizontal waterproofing and as an adhesive solution. Before installation, materials for processing the blind area must be cut into small pieces with allowance for overlap during installation. Before processing the concrete structure, perform high-quality grinding. It can be easily accomplished using a soft-lined roller, but the applied mass must be at least 70 kg.

Today, the construction industry is developing rapidly all over the world. Every day new buildings and structures are being built and erected. Not only quality is of great importance in this matter. building materials, but also aesthetic appearance. When constructing a building Special attention must be given to the blind area. What is it? The blind area is most often made of concrete or sand-cement mixture.

It is a paved strip from 20 cm to 1.2 m wide, adjacent to the foundation or plinth of the building.
During the operation of a building, gradual destruction of the concrete blind area occurs. It can only be protected through timely repairs, including painting and applying protective mixtures.

The reason for the decrease in appearance and its destruction is the formation of microcalcification on its surface, which resembles dust and consists of lime and carbon dioxide. These are the main reasons for the deterioration of its appearance. This is of great practical importance, since as a result, corrosion of the material is observed and subsequently the front side of the concrete itself is destroyed. Let's take a closer look at what to paint concrete blind area.
Use of polymer paints

To ensure that the tiles always remain in good condition, you can paint them with polymer paints. Most often used for these purposes polyurethane enamel, acrylic paint, primer-enamel. All of them are quite effective.
Their big advantage is that they do not require preliminary priming of the surface. Some of them, for example Betil, can be used at low temperatures. Aqua concrete is a water-based paint that is widely used for processing freshly prepared concrete. Polymerdecor is resistant to chemical agents such as alkalis and acids.

They are applied to the surface in the usual way in 1 or 2 layers, are inexpensive and highly effective. They prevent the formation of surface corrosion. Before applying any paint, the tiles must be cleaned, otherwise the painting may not be effective. This is very important for the blind area. You can purchase a similar product at any hardware store that sells paint and varnish products.
Protective composition Elakor

You can paint a concrete blind area using special protective solutions. These include Elakor. This drug is prepared on the basis of polyurethane, which is the active principle. It is used to prevent dust formation and other concrete structures, preventing their destruction. It is applied in a thin layer. Distinctive feature is that Elakor penetrates several centimeters inside, and a special protective film is formed on the surface. The latter contains very durable crystals that are resistant to moisture and chemicals.

The solution penetrated into the concrete blind area increases the strength of the structure and its wear resistance. The outer protective layer adheres to the surface as much as possible and forms a single material with the entire structure, as a result of which it does not peel off or collapse. The service life of the coating is up to 15 years, while the surface is less susceptible to mechanical destruction and does not become slippery.

Application of enamels

Tiles can be well protected with enamel. The Polak mixture gives a good effect. It has good adhesive properties and inhibits the effect of harmful chemicals on the surface of the concrete blind area. Its composition resembles epoxy paints. Benefits this method are: resistance of the coating to ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, moisture and weather resistance. In addition, there is an opportunity here color scheme concrete blind area. The tile becomes more durable and wear-resistant. The effect lasts for decades. In addition to enamels, it is advisable to use various resins, for example, polyurethane, to treat concrete blind areas. They are very elastic, quickly polymerize, prevent corrosion, and are resistant to chemical irritants.

How, from what material and what width is a concrete blind area around the house made with your own hands? We will answer these and other questions in this article. We will also look at the features of construction technology concrete platform around the house. But first, let's try to decide whether it is necessary to install a concrete blind area around country house or you can do without this structure.

Professionally executed blind area - protection and decoration of the house

The need to build a blind area

An asphalt concrete pavement is a multifunctional structure that not only makes the house aesthetically attractive and complete, but also protects the foundation from the negative effects of external factors.

A foundation built and operated without effective protection is exposed to melt and rain water, which periodically washes away the concrete structure, causing cracks and tears to appear in it. As a result, the lack of proper protection of the foundation leads to the fact that the structure sags and may even collapse.

The danger of the situation lies in the fact that the destructive process that has already begun is extremely difficult to stop. It is much easier and more efficient to timely concreting the blind area and thus prevent the penetration of moisture to the foundation.

What is the blind area made of?

The photo shows concrete - optimal choice for the construction of a blind area

A special platform to protect the foundation around the house has been used for a long time and was made of different materials.

At one time, the strip of soil around the building was simply generously sprinkled with clay and compacted to a stone state. Such a barrier was capable of stopping the water, but itself required periodic repairs. In addition, these structures could be made of wood and other materials, but they were not able to demonstrate proper strength and optimal performance.

Everything changed when concrete began to be used in the construction of the blind area. Nowadays, blind areas without concrete are made extremely rarely, since concrete structures are distinguished not only by their strength and durability, but also by their affordable price.

So, after we have figured out what to build from, we will tell you about the technology for constructing a concrete blind area.

How to build

It is necessary to plan the drainage system in advance, otherwise diamond drilling of holes in the concrete will be required

Before starting construction, you need to decide optimal width blind areas. It must be said that this parameter depends not only on our wishes.

The width and thickness of the concrete blind area are determined by the type of soil and the width of the roof eaves. According to SNiP, on ordinary types of soil, the width of the blind area is 20 cm greater than the protruding eaves overhang (on average, the overhang of the roof eaves is 60 cm away from the wall of the house). If the construction site is erected on subsidence-type soils, the width of the concrete strip should be 90 cm or more.

Often the blind area is made more than one meter wide and is used as a yard path. But in our case, we will consider how to make a concrete blind area on ordinary soils.

Construction technology

Economical foundation protection scheme

Step-by-step instructions for constructing concrete foundation protection.

Moreover, the quality of the finished result depends on the quality of each individual stage.

At the first stage, we prepare the area for construction work. Since we are working on ordinary soils, we choose a blind area width of 90 cm. The choice of this parameter is largely determined by both the characteristics of the soil and aesthetic considerations, since a narrow strip of concrete adjacent to the building does not look very harmonious.
During preparation, we retreat from the walls of the building by 1 meter and at this distance remove the entire plant layer to a depth of about 20 cm. We transport the selected soil outside the site so that it does not interfere. We level the soil surface at the site of future concrete laying and compact it periodically by wetting it with water.

Important: Remains of roots must be cleaned out especially carefully, since some plants are especially tenacious and can subsequently destroy concrete. To prevent damage to concrete, the soil can be treated with special agents that will remove all vegetation.

If such funds are not available, purified waste can be used.

The photo clearly shows the angle of inclination of the blind area

At the next stage, the formwork is installed. Formwork can be built using old boards, unnecessary straight slate and other construction waste. Before installing the walls of the formwork, we drive pegs around the perimeter of the future blind area, onto which we attach a marking cord. The blind area, in addition to the previously listed functions, must drain water from the walls of the house. Therefore, that part of the blind area that is distant from the walls must be made lower than the side that is directly adjacent to the walls. On average, a slope of 5-10° will be sufficient, since in this case an effective outflow of water from the house will be ensured.
When assembling the formwork, we use self-tapping screws instead of nails. Self-tapping screws, unlike construction nails, are easier to unscrew and subsequently knock off boards.
At the next stage, we proceed to the construction of the “pie”, which will be laid in the formwork. We lay roofing material or PVC film on the cleared and compacted soil and pour a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick. We carefully compact the sand backfill. After the backfill has been leveled and compacted, pour out a layer of medium-sized crushed stone 15-20 cm high. We carefully compact the crushed stone for concrete so that this backfill takes its final position and so that the concrete does not subsequently sag.

Diagram of a manual tamper

Compaction of sand and crushed stone is carried out using a vibrating machine. Of course, most owners have such equipment country houses no, so it would be advisable to make a tamper yourself.

We do it as follows. From a tree trunk with a diameter of 30-40 cm, we saw off a cylinder 0.7-1 m long. We securely attach the handle to the top of the cylinder.

All, manual tamper ready and you can start working. We take hold of the handle, lift the cylinder above the ground and lower it with force. Thus, we pass through all the sand and rubble.

Next we prepare the concrete. To prepare the solution, we use M400 cement, sifted river sand, fine-grained purified crushed stone and water. As a result, the grade of concrete for the blind area should be at least M200. For concrete with grade M200, the proportions are as follows: 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts crushed stone and 0.5 parts clean water. The estimate for a concrete blind area can be calculated taking into account the fact that approximately 15-20 kg of solution will be spent for every 1 m².

Formwork with reinforcing mesh on top of crushed stone

We form a blind area. To do this, pour concrete to half the required thickness and lay the reinforcing welded mesh or a chain-link with a mesh size of 100 by 100 mm. We lay out the missing concrete on top of the mesh and carefully level the entire structure. Until the coating has dried completely, it is advisable to perform ironing. To do this, the still wet blind area is sprinkled with dry cement, which is then rubbed into the surface.

Important: During the first few days after pouring concrete, it is advisable to slightly open the blind area with cellophane film so that the surface does not dry out or crack.

Protective treatment of the finished structure

Lack of timely treatment of concrete leads to its surface destruction

So, we have completed the production of the blind area and in 20-30 days it will be able to be fully used for its intended purpose, even to the point of walking on it. But the question arises: how to treat a concrete blind area to ensure its strength and durability?

In the photo there is a blind area trimmed with paving slabs

It turns out that there are many products designed to effectively strengthen concrete surfaces. For example, you can use special deep penetration impregnations, which, when they fall on the surface of concrete, penetrate micropores and, filling them, form a completely monolithic structure.

Such impregnations simultaneously strengthen, remove dust from concrete and make it more hydrophobic. Impregnations are applied to already dry, pre-cleaned concrete using rollers or wide flat brushes. After the impregnation has completely absorbed and dried, the concrete surface is ready for subsequent painting.

If the appearance of the structure is not as important as functionality, the blind area can be covered with a continuous layer of bitumen mastic. If aesthetics are important, epoxy or silicone-based paint is a good solution for painting.

Conclusion

Now that you know how and with what materials to make a blind area, all that remains is to decide on the amount of concrete and related materials and get to work. Despite the fact that the instructions for the work are simple, the task at hand should be approached responsibly, as otherwise it will require cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels and difficult reworking.

If you still have any questions, all the answers you need can be found by watching the video in this article.

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Ironing a blind area with your own hands - a step-by-step guide. Press!

Do you want the concrete blind area around your house to remain perfectly level and smooth for many years?

Various types of defects and damage that occur on the surface of the blind area during its operation can be avoided using the ironing procedure.

This article will help you understand the essence and necessity of ironing, and with its help you will learn how to carry out this procedure yourself.

What is ironing and why is it needed?

Ironing is a procedure that is performed at the final stage of arranging a concrete blind area. It is performed in order to strengthen the surface of the blind area, increase its level of strength and hardness, and also improve its waterproofing qualities.

As a result of ironing, the concrete blind area acquires all the qualities that are necessary for effective drainage of water from the walls of the house.

Concrete, despite its good strength, in some cases requires additional protection, as in the case of a blind area. With constant exposure to mechanical and atmospheric factors, the structure is destroyed: the material begins to peel off, separate into layers, crack and break. Concrete covering exposed to various atmospheric phenomena.

Gusts of wind, rain, sun rays - all this negatively affects the structure.

Moreover, many phenomena can be of a contrasting nature, for example, the burning sun shines on the blind area all day, which is abruptly replaced by cold, pouring rain. This further destroys the coating.

Despite the name of the procedure, iron has nothing to do with it. To perform ironing, in most cases cement is used, and it is also possible to use special staff(Liturin, SPEKTRIN, PENTRA, etc.).

It may include the following components:

quartz and granite type fillers;
liquid glass;
corundum (hard mineral);
sodium aluminate and others.

Each of these components affects certain properties of the ironing composition.

Ironing methods

There are three methods of ironing a concrete blind area:

dry;
wet;
using polymer impregnation.

Moreover, each of them is easy to perform, which allows you to carry out the procedure yourself.

From here you can learn how to properly make a shallow foundation with your own hands.

Read more about the need for waterproofing here.

From this article you can learn about how and why to insulate the blind area.

Dry ironing

This method of ironing is carried out shortly after pouring the blind area (after 1-2 hours). After such a short period of time, the blind area will still be wet. These are ideal conditions for dry ironing.

To carry out the procedure, you need to take dry cement and sprinkle it on top of the wet blind area so that the layer thickness is about 2 mm.

It is important to lay the cement evenly; for this you can use a simple sieve. Pour cement into the sieve and lightly tap it.

After this, the cement layer must be leveled using a manual polyurethane trowel. It takes a little time for the surface to harden.

The blind area becomes stronger and more durable due to the moisture and porosity of the concrete mixture, which, in turn, ensures adhesion of the surface to dry cement.

You can walk carefully on the blind area reinforced with iron after 24 hours. To perform various work related to the blind area, you need to wait 3-4 days.

Wet ironing

The difference between dry and wet ironing lies in the material used to perform the procedure. In the case of wet ironing, cement mortar is used for the blind area.

It should be quite liquid - the ratio of cement and sand is 1:1. Another component is lime paste, the amount of which is 1/10 of the volume of cement.

Advice! It is also possible to prepare the composition from other components, for example, cement, PVA glue and liquid glass.

Wet ironing can be carried out no earlier than 2 weeks after pouring the blind area. During this period, the ratio of moisture and strength in the blind area stabilizes. The prepared mixture is applied using a sprayer or spatula.

Polymer ironing

The third method of ironing is the use of special polyurethane impregnation. Impregnations for concrete from different manufacturers are in demand: Lithurin, SPEKTRIN, PENTRA, Elakor, etc.

Mixtures can be purchased at any hardware store.

The technology for performing the procedure is almost no different from the dry method, except that after applying the mixture, it is most convenient to level it over the surface of the concrete blind area using a metal trowel. Polyurethane ironing provides the opportunity to achieve a higher quality coating.

In addition, it can be used at low temperatures (even below 0°C), while other methods are only possible at above-zero temperatures.

Advice! Regardless of which method of ironing you choose, be sure to cover the blind area after the ironing process with film or other material that can retain moisture.

Thus, ironing a concrete blind area does not cause difficulties, since it does not require special tools or skills. The procedure is not labor-intensive and does not take much time.

You can learn more about how to properly iron the blind area around the house yourself in the video below:

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When to perform blind area at home

Width of the blind area around the house

Soil type;

Minimum width according to SNIP

Height of the blind area

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Repairing the blind area around the house with your own hands: how to repair a concrete blind area, the blind area is cracked, how to fix it, how to seal the cracks

The blind area is an integral part of constantly in use buildings. This is a protective structure that is located around the perimeter of the building and is designed to prevent moisture from entering the foundation and base.

It can also be considered as an additional precautionary measure that will prevent premature destruction and preserve the integrity of the foundation for a long time.

Blind areas are made of paving stones, natural and artificial stone, cement, and concrete. Popular different types tiles; asphalt and other materials are less commonly used.

The strength and integrity of the blind area are the main factors that ensure the fulfillment of the functions assigned to it. The destruction that occurs in it over time, varying in scale and complexity, is the fate of not only old buildings, but also quite new buildings.

This condition is influenced to a certain extent by numerous circumstances: from the climatic features of the area where the building is located to errors during construction work.

In any case, problem areas need to be repaired. In most cases, this can be done independently. You should start with visual inspection and identifying the reasons, only then getting to work.

Causes of blind area defects

Defects in the blind area can manifest themselves in the form of superficial or deep cracks, chipping of individual areas or edges, subsidence and displacement of individual fragments relative to each other.

It is also possible for the slab to peel off from the base of the building. To understand why this happened and what factors became the root cause of such a problematic condition of the blind area means to correctly carry out renovation work and not return to this again for years.

The reasons can be quite varied. The most common ones are described below.

And our next article tells you how to make a garage from foam blocks.

Incorrect installation technology

This may include the absence in the “pie” ( layer-by-layer design blind area) waterproofing, which is designed to separate the soil from the entire structure and prevent the penetration of moisture from the soil layers.

The next row is backfill. Its unevenness and lack of compaction lead to the fact that the front covering becomes unstable, and therefore vulnerable.

The thickness of the top layer that does not meet the standards, or rather is less than the required depth and width, is more susceptible to destruction. Work should not be carried out in the heat, if rain or frost is imminent. All of them are bad friends of fresh, not yet hardened pouring or mortar.

Artificially stopping the chemical hardening process will result in cement crystals not growing properly. As a result, this will result in a lot of defects.

Making a blind area using concrete mortar requires compliance with the correct recipe for their preparation. Mixing by eye is not advisable.

If there is a lot of binder, the surface will crack; if there is not enough, it will crumble. The brand of cement also matters; cement intended for interior work.

You also cannot use already set mortar, or fill the blind area in parts - on one side of the building, then on the other. All work must be carried out at the same time and on the entire site.

Lack of damping layer

Seasonal temperature fluctuations also lead to corresponding changes in the soil, such as movement, expansion, compression and heaving.

They occur constantly, significantly reducing the stability and stability of any structure, which increases the risk of destruction. You can compensate for these phenomena and extend the service life of the blind area using expansion joints.

They are located between the plinth and the slab, acting as a shock absorber and allowing the resulting vibrations to be correctly distributed.

Making a blind area without tilting to the outer perimeter

Rainwater may stagnate on a flat surface. This has a detrimental effect on ordinary cement coatings and artificial stones.

And according to all the rules, she should be given the opportunity to safely leave this territory. A slight slope of a few degrees away from the house will allow water to drain naturally.

Spring melting of snow and night freezing of puddles leads to the formation of first small cracks, and then deeper breaks. It's all about physics. As you know, water expands when it thaws.

Lack of reinforcement in concrete blind areas

Conventional construction is less durable and, therefore, more susceptible to destruction. Reinforcement gives it strength and durability.

This operation is not mandatory according to the current building regulations, but can be considered as an additional measure to help avoid unnecessary problems.

Such forethought will not be superfluous - the stronger the structure, the longer it will retain its performance qualities.

Note! It makes sense to repair the blind area only if its damage is few. If more than 30% of defects are detected, it is easier to redo everything rather than patching old holes.

And in this article we will tell you about how to build a blind area.

The blind area needs to be inspected from time to time for problems and corrected. One of them is a longitudinal crack that forms between the base and the blind area. If it is small, you can do the following:

It is likely that such repairs will be sufficient and that the repaired structure will behave normally in the future. If the gap appears again or it is large, you need to do it differently:

Such repairs are considered more major. The likelihood of relapse in this case is less likely.

Repair of the surface of the blind area is carried out in different ways depending on the size and nature of the damage. The material from which it is made also matters:

Helpful advice! For better adhesion (sticking) of old and new materials, it is necessary to use primers. This way, repair work will have to be performed much less frequently.

Anything can happen during the operation of a home. Any parts of its structure may be damaged. DIY repair blind areas are a feasible task for any owner. You just need to study the issue and pay attention to the matter.

To learn about what mistakes during the construction of a blind area lead to defects and destruction, watch this video:

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It is important for everyone who owns a private home to know that a solid foundation is the key to the reliability and durability of the structure.

And the installation of a blind area made of paving stones around the house effectively solves the issues of preserving the foundation and walls from saturation with moisture and possible destruction of the structure.

At the same time, water is effectively drained from the area close to the building. Plus, paving stones are an element of landscaping.

Blind area made of paving stones

In comparison with other types of blind areas (concrete, asphalt, crushed stone blind areas), paving stones have a number of advantages:

Opportunity quick dismantling with re-laying;
Permits moisture through existing joints;
Resistance to temperature changes, high loads;
Long service life;
There is no overheating in the sun and no evaporation harmful to people.

Selection of paving stones

The choice of paving stone type depends on:

Soil type, groundwater level;
Loads that the blind area must withstand;
Financial opportunities.

Types of produced paving stones

IN construction stores Today you can purchase the following types of paving stones:

Advice! When choosing paving stones, it is important to consider the material from which the base for its installation will be made. This directly depends on the operating conditions.

All blind areas, including paving stones, are made from the following components:

The base or underlying layer called the cushion. Its purpose is to create a reliable foundation;
Waterproofing layer. At correct selection material and compliance with the technology of its installation, high-quality waterproofing for the blind area is obtained, the main function of which is to protect the foundation of the house from rain and runoff water;
Drainage layer;
The top layer is cladding. It must keep moisture and water from penetrating inside.

When installing a blind area, it is important to follow the following recommendations:

The blind area should be made so that it is connected to the foundation through an expansion joint, and the cladding of the house wall covers this joint, ensuring water drainage from it directly to the blind area;
You can install special canopies at the bottom of the foundation so that water flowing down the wall does not flow between the foundation and the blind area;
It is important to properly prepare the solution for the blind area. The normal functioning of the foundation will depend on its quality.
The roof of the house should hang 15-20 cm above the future blind area.

Detailed information about the technology of building a blind area with your own hands can be read here.

Description of construction work

You can make a blind area with your own hands, strictly following the technology.

To perform the work you need to prepare:

shovel;
Master OK;
roulette;
level;
buckets;
manual tamper;
“grinder” equipped with a diamond wheel;
wooden or rubber mallet.

The technology of the process of constructing a blind area from paving stones includes several stages:

Attention! The work should be carried out in compliance with the slope of the blind area (up to 10 º) from the wall of the building. This will ensure effective drainage of water and protect the house.

Detailed information about the size of the blind area can be found in the following article.

Watch a video about laying a paving area:

Page 3

Despite the fact that the blind area is a fairly simple construction procedure, few people are able to do it correctly.

The blind area for the house is horizontal protective covering, which is laid along the entire perimeter of the building.

The outer layer of the coating must have high insulating properties, and be hermetically connected to the outside of the plinth or foundation of the building and not allow moisture to pass through at the joints.

If the house has a warm basement or ground floor, then in such cases it is advisable to make an insulated blind area. An additional thermal insulation flooring protects the building from a sharp drop in air temperature and prevents swelling of the soil near the foundation.

When to perform blind area at home

Construction of the blind area begins only after the construction of the building is completed. The timing of the work will depend on the technology of building the house and the foundation. The durability of the blind area itself depends on the technology of its construction.

To prevent the blind area from sagging and requiring urgent repairs, it is important to compact the ground covering well, or wait until it compacts and settles on its own.

This rule must be observed for deep foundations - strip and monolithic strip. When the building is erected on a shallow strip foundation, the blind area can be immediately attached to the dense soil adjacent to the foundation walls.

Important tip! the blind area must be performed before starting finishing works the basement of the building, this technique eliminates problems with the tightness of the connection of the blind area to the foundation of the structure.

Width of the blind area around the house

The width of the blind area is calculated based on following conditions:

Soil type;
The width of the building's roof eaves overhangs;
Functional and external features buildings.

Also, the width of the blind area is influenced by the degree of soil subsidence. This indicator is determined in special laboratories. All forest clay soils are considered subsidence to varying degrees.

According to building codes, such soils are classified into two types:

First: the soil has mechanical properties in which subsidence of layers from its own weight is not observed or no more than 5 cm; in most cases, subsidence occurs under the influence of external loads;
Second: the mechanical properties of the soil allow subsidence of layers not only under the influence of external loads, but also under the influence of its own weight by an amount of 5 cm and above.

According to GOST, the width of the blind area for soil of the first subsidence category is calculated to be no less than 1.5 meters, and for the second - no less than 2 meters.

You can determine the soil typology by subsidence yourself by studying the territory and the condition of existing building structures that were completed previously. The necessary information can also be obtained from reference books on engineering and geological studies of soils in the region.

Minimum width according to SNIP

For buildings located on normal load-bearing soils, according to building codes, the minimum width for the blind area is prescribed - from 0.8 to 1.0 meters. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the smallest width value should exceed the overhang of the roof eaves by 20 - 30 cm.

Important! When designing the width of the blind area, you need to pay attention to dimensions buildings and the distance between buildings. A blind area that is too narrow may look disproportionate to the building and disrupt the proportions. In addition, the ability to effectively remove sediment directly increases with increasing width of the protective blind area.

What should be the thickness of the blind area?

The preparation of a high-quality blind area is carried out in several stages. First of all, the plant layer is removed. The depth of the removed soil depends on the width of the eaves of the house.

If the thickness of the plant layer is half a meter, then it is necessary to remove half a meter; if this layer is larger, for example one meter, then it is necessary to remove the soil by one meter.

The minimum thickness of soil that must be removed to lay the blind area is approximately 40 cm. After the surface layer of soil has been removed, a base of sand, clay or fine crushed stone 5 - 15 cm thick is laid and compacted onto a more dense clay or limestone layer. hydro- and thermal protective coatings.

Asphalt, asphalt concrete or cement are typically used as finishing decking materials. To determine the volume of work, the cost of completing the blind area and its area, the underlying layer (base) is calculated in cubic meters, and the external flooring - in square meters.

Height of the blind area

The height of the blind area around the entire perimeter of the house is not the most important design parameter and is to a lesser extent standardized by building standards. Taking into account the slope of the surface, this value will not be the same relative to the sides.

The minimum height of the blind area along the outer edge should be 5 cm from the ground surface; on the side of the base, the height of the blind area increases by 1 - 20 cm depending on the selected slope.

SNIP standards for blind area slope

To drain away precipitation and protect the base of the foundation, the blind area structure is planned with a slope, while the thickness of the coating near the base is greater than on the opposite side. The slope according to building codes is a minimum of 10 ppm in the direction from the structure. In other words, for each meter of the width of the blind area, the slope is calculated to be no less than 1 cm. The maximum value of the slope according to SNIP is no more than 10 cm for each meter of the blind area.

It is advisable to install water intakes - gutters along the outer perimeter of the blind area. Thanks to this design, precipitation is removed from the building at a safe distance, and thereby the service life of the structure is significantly increased (more detailed information about waterproofing the blind area around the house can be found in this article).

Important! When designing a slope, it is necessary to take into account that an excessively steep slope can provoke intense flows of rainwater and rapid erosion of the blind area along the outer edges.

Watch the video on how to properly make a blind area around the house:

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Repairing the blind area around the house - step-by-step instructions

The blind area around the house is an integral part of the building that protects the foundation from rainwater entering it. It is a waterproof coating located around the perimeter of the entire building.

After some time, the protective strip may be destroyed. This may be due to a number of factors:

violation of the technological process during its installation;
natural factors;
building subsidence.

Phenomena such as partial shedding, cracking, and peeling indicate the need for current repairs protective coating for the house.

Let's consider the reasons associated with the destruction of the blind area and the specifics of repairing the protective tape.

Repair features

There are several types of blind area:

cobblestone;
concrete;
asphalt;
tiled.

Its restoration depends on the materials used in its manufacture.

Repairing a cobblestone line involves replacing damaged areas. To do this you will need a chisel and a hammer. Using these tools, deformed cobblestones are removed from the structure. It is necessary to pour a mixture of sand and gravel or crushed crushed stone onto the empty space to level the layer, then compact everything well, fill it with cement mortar and insert a cobblestone of a suitable size. If there are small cracks, it will be enough to seal them with concrete.

Concrete protective strips are most often used due to their affordability and positive performance qualities.

Repair of a concrete blind area is divided into two types:

Covering up small isolated tears.
Replacement of large destroyed areas when the house subsides.

To prevent further deformation of the coating and the entry of water into the foundation of the house, repairs must be carried out immediately immediately after defects are discovered.

To eliminate damage, you can use mixtures of concrete and construction adhesive, special polymer materials, moisture-resistant polyurethane foam. Penetrating into the cracks formed, such mixtures quickly harden. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that cement is not suitable for these purposes, because it does not cover the entire depth of the crack, but only its upper part.

In case of severe deformation and deep subsidence of the blind area, the destroyed areas are completely replaced.

When restoring an asphalt strip, all areas to be repaired must be dismantled to its entire depth. The resulting pit is cleaned, and its bottom and edges are treated with liquid resin. After this, a new layer of asphalt is covered and compacted with a roller, and the new layer should be higher than the old one.

Rolling out the new coating must be done from the edges towards the center. The result will be a stronger grip.

Restoring a tile blind area involves replacing its defective part. Before replacing a new one, crushed stone or sand is added to the recess, and then laid new tiles.

If there is a need to replace a large part of the tape, you can use a mixture of sand and cement in dry form using gunite (the solution is applied with a cement gun under compressed air pressure). After shotcreting, the surface must be moistened for 14 days.

Typical mistakes when constructing blind areas

The desire to reduce costs when choosing a design, building materials and technology leads to the fact that soon after the construction of a protective tape it has to be repaired. And upcoming repairs will require large financial expenses.

Let's look at the most common mistakes made when making strips:

The absence of a leveling layer will lead to rapid settlement of the protection. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to make a good connection of the tape to the foundation.
A thin leveling layer and poor compaction lead to subsidence and the formation of cracks.
The absence of longitudinal and transverse expansion (temperature) joints between the strip and the foundation - with temperature changes and soil movements, the structure will not be able to shrink and expand. As a result, restoration may be required after the first winter. The expander can be roofing material folded in two layers, located between the foundation and concrete.
Lack of sand and gravel layer - when laying concrete directly on the ground, the heaving of the soil will lead to deformation of the protective strip.
As the thickness of the tape decreases towards the edge, it is destroyed under the influence of streams of water flowing from the roof of the building.
Lack of gutters - the surface of the blind area crumbles from the flowing water.
Not reinforcing the concrete strip - in this case, the service life of the structure is reduced.
Using a mixture of sand and clay when laying the blind area - under the influence of frozen clay, parts of the concrete may peel off.
Pouring concrete without dividing it into segments will lead to rapid destruction of the entire tape.

When is a major overhaul needed?

The decision on the need to repair the protective strip is made after a detailed study and establishment of the technical condition of the strip and foundation.

Major restoration is carried out in the event of almost complete destruction of the blind area.

This type of restoration includes:

slab renewal;
replacement or restoration drainage system;
repair of the reinforcing frame;
waterproofing renewal;
cleaning from moss and lichen;
dismantling the old tape or replacing its new parts.

Small cracks existing in one area are combined into one zone, expanded, and then crushed stone is poured into the resulting depression and filled with polymer concrete.

During major repairs, a layer of concrete is poured above the level of the previous protective strip - this ensures better adhesion of the new one to the old one.

Often the costs of carrying out this work are very high, so it is advisable to completely replace the blind area.

Necessary materials

To repair the blind area, you need to use high-quality materials and strictly follow construction technology.

Let's consider the list and quantity necessary materials to carry out work to eliminate defects in the protective strip.

To repair a concrete blind area (width 1 meter, thickness 10 centimeters) you will need:

To prepare concrete (1 m2):

cement M 500 – 32 kg;
screenings or crushed stone (5-10 mm) – 0.08 m3;
sand - 0.05 m3;

For the pillow:

sand – 0.05-0.1 m3;
screenings or crushed stone (3-10 mm) - 0.1 m3;

Reinforcement:

reinforcement, diameter 6 mm – 12 m.p.;
reinforcing mesh 50x50, diameter 3 mm - 1m2;
reinforcement mesh 150x150, diameter 3 mm – 1m2.

To repair a tiled blind area (1 meter wide), consumption per 1 m2:

clay – 0.05-0.1 m3;
geotextiles, PVC film – 1m2;
sand – 0.15-0.2 m3;
screenings or crushed stone (3-10 mm) – 0.1 m3;

Finishing layer:

cement M 500 – 10 kg;
sifted sand – 2.5-10 kg;

Front layer:

tiles – 50 pieces;
border – 2 pcs.

Minor damage repair technology

Technological process Repairing small cracks and chips consists of performing the following steps:

cleaning the surface of the protective line in the area of the depression or chip;
shallow cracks are treated with two layers of a deeply penetrating primer solution;
Defects are sealed using cement-sand mortar in a ratio of 1:2. A spatula is used for this work. Half an hour after filling the cracks, the sealing area must be rubbed with a wooden trowel and dry cement;
defects such as peeling are eliminated by cleaning and filling the areas with bitumen mastic, asbestos and slag. It is recommended to use the composition in the following proportions: 75% - mastic, 15% - asbestos, 10% - crushed slag. After sealing, pour a layer of sand onto the surface.

DIY blind area repair

Restoration work is best carried out in early spring or late autumn, then all defects are best revealed, and the concrete is at rest (does not expand under the influence of high temperature and sun rays).

It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the protective strip and make timely repairs. This is not particularly difficult and does not require special efforts or qualifications in construction.

Step-by-step instruction

One of the most problematic areas of the blind area is the place where it connects to the base of the house. Approximately half of all problems occur when the blind area separates from the foundation.

If the peeling is small, you can use sealant or waterproofing fillers.

If a large gap forms, it must be eliminated immediately, but this will require much more effort, time and money.

When repairing on your own, professionals advise carrying out the following work:

Clear the gap of sand, soil and debris.
Fill the cracks with concrete. For durability, steel reinforcing mesh can be added during concreting.
A few days after the solution has hardened, the surface must be treated with a primer to external works.
For prevention purposes, it is recommended to dig a hole of 20-30 centimeters and fill it with solution.
To eliminate cracks and cracks, it is best to use the material that was used to construct the blind area.
In the event of complete destruction of the protective tape due to soil subsidence, the destroyed part should be completely dismantled, the soil should be removed, and the lining layer should be restored. Clay is compacted into the recess in a 20-centimeter layer, then sand in a layer of 10-15 centimeters, which can be moistened and compacted again. Cover the sand with crushed stone or broken brick in a layer of 10 centimeters. Then the formwork is constructed and the concrete is poured. For reliability, the repaired area is covered with reinforcing mesh. In order to achieve better connection old site you need to increase it by 1-2 centimeters.

Estimated cost

The cost of restoring the blind area depends on the cost of the materials used during the work.

We will give approximate prices for drawing up estimates (for example, material consumption per 1 m2 is taken) when carrying out work with your own hands.

Concrete blind area:
- concrete preparation – 318 rubles;
- pillow – 340 rubles;
- reinforcement – 180 rubles;
- formwork - 800 rubles.
Tiled blind area:
- pillow – 420 rubles;
- finishing layer– 110 rubles;
- front layer – 2360 rubles.

Carrying out repairs by specialists will require large material costs.

Here is the approximate cost of the work (per 1 m2):

excavation of soil to a depth of 25 centimeters with removal of plant fragments – 160 rubles;
laying and compacting a lining layer of sand (height 10 centimeters) - 500 rubles;
construction of formwork and formation of an expansion joint around the perimeter of the house - 50 rubles per linear meter;
backfilling a drainage 10-centimeter layer of crushed stone and compaction;
laying reinforcing mesh measuring 1x2 m - 50 rubles;
installation of drains – 100 rubles per linear meter;
pouring concrete 10 centimeters high with the formation of an angle of inclination from the wall to the edge - 1000 rubles.

The final stage of building a house is construction of a blind area, tightly encircling the base.

This necessary measure , since the main purpose of the blind area is to protect against the penetration of melt and rainwater, which can cause the appearance of fungus and render it unusable.

Material Concrete, asphalt slabs and brick can also serve as a protective cover for the foundation.

Experienced builders note that the optimal basis for the blind area from the standpoint of functionality, cost and labor intensity is concrete. You can make a concrete blind area yourself if you follow the work technology and choose the right grade of concrete.

Advantages of concrete blind area

The blind area around the house, made of concrete mixture, has considerable advantages:

properly selected concrete mixture after hardening, it is transformed into a monolith that does not allow moisture to pass through;
concrete is durable, during long-term use, repeated repairs are possible (sealing small chips or cracks);
concrete blind area can look very decorative if the top layer of concrete is mixed with a coloring pigment or pebbles, fragments of tiles or natural stone are laid on top of the fresh mixture;
concrete laying technology is quite available to home craftsmen;
concrete blind area is quite economical compared to using natural stone.

Concrete blind area

A blind area made of concrete mixture for an object built on normal soils includes several types of materials, laid in layers on the prepared surface.

The basis is pillow made of compacted clay and sand, necessary as a moisture-blocking layer. Next is laid crushed stone, reinforcing mesh and a layer of concrete. If a house is built on heaving soils, winter frosts cause their crystallization and deformation, which increases pressure on the foundation and can destroy the blind area.

To eliminate this effect of heaving soil, an insulating layer is added to the main layers of the concrete blind area, for the installation of which sprayed polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam is used (for detailed information about the insulated blind area, read.

What brand of concrete is needed for the blind area

Main qualities The adjacent blind area is considered to be resistant to temperature and humidity changes, high strength and maximum water resistance.

In addition to the correct installation of the layers that make up the blind area, it is of great importance choosing the right concrete grade. To ensure that the waterproofing finish around the base does not crack in the first winter, but lasts for many years, concrete grade M200 and higher should be used.

Brand M200 is considered the most popular building concrete, which is used for laying blind areas and garden paths, leveling screeds and molding stairs.

Concrete M300 has better characteristics, but its cost is significantly higher, so you can choose a compromise option - brand M250, combining affordable cost and optimal quality for the installation of a blind area.

Preparation of concrete for blind area

If the purchase of ready-mixed concrete is not available for financial or organizational and technical reasons, you can prepare the desired mixture yourself from materials remaining from the main construction.

Approximately by 70% concrete consists of filler, which is used as crushed stone and sand, broken bricks and expanded clay, as well as waste slag.

The binding component is cement(it is best to take brands from M300 to M500), which should be purchased from official dealers or directly from the manufacturer to avoid the supply of low-quality products.

Helpful advice: When mixing concrete, water must be added at certain intervals, waiting until the next portion is completely absorbed by the cement. In this case, there will be no voids in the concrete. Approximately 0.65 parts of water are added to one part of cement.

To ensure sufficient strength of the concrete blind area, it is advisable to take crushed stone from river gravel or rock dumps of the fraction from 5 to 20 mm.

The sand is sifted before mixing to separate particles of silt and clay, as well as limestone inclusions. The procedure for obtaining high-quality concrete is as follows:: pour cement into a container with a small volume of water until a homogeneous mass is formed, gradually adding water, then add crushed stone and then sand. Each component of the mixture must be mixed.

Blind area dimensions

Calculation of blind area sizes carried out relative to the projection of the roof beyond the plane of the wall, adding at least 20 cm to that value.

The optimal width of the blind area is considered one meter, which provides sufficient protection for the foundation and at the same time can allow the use of the blind area as a bypass path around the house.

The thickness of the concrete layer is not less than 20 cm at basement wall. To drain water, it is formed slight slope V 3-5 degrees.

Stages of work

The construction of the blind area is carried out in several successive stages:

marking future blind area;
excavation along the markings to a depth of 25 cm;
the part of the foundation or basement wall that has been exposed after excavation is thoroughly coated with bitumen or laid with a couple of layers of film waterproofing;
between the base and the future blind area is carried out expansion joint, eliminating excessive pressure on the structure during soil subsidence. Suture gap ( up to 1.5 cm) is filled with roofing material folded in half or a sand-gravel mixture;
formation permanent formwork from edged boards(board thickness 20 mm);
styling clay pillow followed by compaction;
laying the sand layer(about 10 cm) with water poured over it to compact it;
backfilling of gravel layer(about 7 cm) and compacting it;
laying reinforcing mesh(bar overlap spacing is 10 cm);
preparation of concrete mixture and its pouring into the formwork to the level of the laid beacons;
concrete compaction the bayonet method using a thick metal rod (frequently “piercing” the concrete layer with a rod with vibrating swings for better distribution of pieces of gravel);
top of concrete pad leveled and cleaned;
It’s a good idea to lay the blind area along the outer perimeter drainage channel, providing effective drainage of water flowing from the roof;
to ensure normal maturation of concrete, the blind area is covered film or wet cloth. After about a week, the blind area is completely ready.

The boards are covered with film on the inside. To make it more convenient to form a slope on the blind area, the formwork is attached to the boards transverse slats-beacons with the required degree of slope (on all corner parts and several in areas adjacent to the facade).

Protection of concrete blind area from destruction

To keep the concrete blind area intact for a long time, use various ways her protection from carbon dioxide and other types of corrosion:

carry out hydrophobic priming of concrete surface followed by coating with polymer coloring or transparent mixtures based on epoxy resins, as well as moisture-resistant enamels;
large pebbles can be placed tightly on the hardening concrete;
the blind area is being processed crystallizing compounds, which close the pores of concrete and prevent its deep moisture.

For more information about the construction of a concrete blind area, see in this video: