Bloated belly before menstruation. During menstruation, the belly increases. When bloating is a sign of pathology

Why does my stomach swell before my period? This question is asked by almost all representatives of the fair sex, because this symptomatology occurs in any woman. Moreover, some girls experience a fairly strong increase in the lower abdomen. This happens for various reasons.

Every woman's menstrual cycle is different. It can last 21, 24, 28, 35,40 days. The egg, ready for fertilization, matures in the middle of the cycle and is released towards the uterus. By the way, if a woman’s cycle is 28 days, then she can get pregnant on the 14th day from the first day of her period. If the cycle is 35 days, then on the 17th and 18th days, respectively. It is the middle of the cycle that becomes the period of abdominal enlargement. It is swollen, and symptoms such as pain, heaviness, and indigestion: diarrhea or constipation are often observed.

Many people on forums say that the belly becomes as big as that of pregnant women at 4 months. In addition, limbs, eyes, lips and even the nose swell. In some cases, bloating is absolutely normal, and sometimes it is a sign of serious pathologies. It is for this reason that you should never independently identify the cause of such a symptom, and even more so try to carry out independent treatment. You should visit a gynecologist to find out the true cause of bloating 2 or 3 weeks before your period.

Some representatives of the fair sex feel not only bloating, but also pain in the lower abdomen in the middle of the cycle. Moreover, such symptoms occur in every second girl. There is absolutely no need to worry about this. This means that the egg has been released and is moving towards the uterus, sometimes this process can be accompanied by pain, which goes away after 2-3 days. During this period, you can take antispasmodic drugs (No-spa) and limit your sex life.

Every normal girl takes care of her appearance and health, and almost everyone notices a rounded belly before her period. Why does bloating occur?

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First sign of pregnancy

Bloating can be a sign of two to three weeks of pregnancy. The main culprit in the distortion of a woman’s figure and enlargement of the abdomen before menstruation is progesterone. Its main function is to control and prepare the reproductive organs, as well as all body systems for possible fertilization or gestation. Unfortunately, progesterone cannot know in advance whether a woman is planning a pregnancy, so it responsibly performs its function every month. If it were possible to negotiate with progesterone, then bloating would not be observed. But this is simply impossible to do, this is how the female body works.

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The fertilized cell attaches to the uterine wall, but in order to properly retain it, the endometrium (uterine lining) needs to become thicker and softer. In addition, for normal development of the fetus, the uterine wall must be rich in nutrients and vitamins. Under the influence of progesterone, the mucous membrane of the female organ thickens, loosens and is filled with the necessary elements, because the epithelium of the uterus prepares every month to receive a fertilized egg and subsequently bear a baby. The mucous membrane thickens and loosens due to the attraction of large amounts of blood and fluid into the uterus. As a result, the abdomen swells slightly and enlarges due to swelling of the uterine wall. A swollen uterus is the reason for the increase in volume of the abdomen before menstruation. As soon as the female reproductive organ realizes that there is no conception, the endometrium will begin to peel off intensively - blood will be released, that is, menstruation will begin. Already 10-12 hours after detachment, the female organ will normalize in size, and the stomach will become the same.

But if fertilization does occur, every week the woman will notice an increase in the lower abdomen, and it will be firm, which indicates the growth and development of the fetus.

Hormonal manifestations

To understand why the belly enlarges before menstruation, you should delve a little deeper into physiology. Hormones regulate the functioning of all systems and organs. In women, the production of these elements is carried out a little differently than in men, and this is connected specifically with reproductive function.

An absolutely normal physiological phenomenon for women is a slight weight gain before menstruation (from 1 kg to 2.5 kg).

During the period when the last phase of the menstrual cycle occurs, a large amount of progesterone (female hormone) is released. On this basis, various changes in the functioning of all organs are observed, including the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system (many girls eat tirelessly during this period, freak out for no reason, cry and become dissatisfied).

The stomach swells only before menstruation; on the first day, when it starts, the weight and psychological state are restored. Therefore, if there are no abnormalities or diseases, you just need to endure a few days, and the body’s functioning will normalize. Bloating in the middle of the menstrual cycle is quite normal.

The thing is that female hormones (progesterone, estrogen, prolactin) contribute to the disruption of water-salt balance and retain fluid in the body. At the same time, the elements that are responsible for the accumulation of Na are intensively activated. This substance retains fluid in tissues. In addition, vasopressin begins to be produced. It is an antidiuretic hormone that reduces the frequency of urination. Mother Nature created similar mechanisms so that the female body stores fluid before future blood loss, and this does not become a big stress for the woman. Roughly speaking, the accumulated fluid compensates for the lost blood.

By the way, for the fair sex, bleeding caused by various pathologies or injuries is not as scary as for men, precisely for the reason that women’s bodies are accustomed to parting with a certain amount of blood every month during menstruation.

The place where all the accumulated fluid is stored are fat cells, so the belly begins to enlarge first. Swelling can appear not only in the pelvic area, but also in the legs and arms. Severe swelling, weight gain of more than 3 kg in the period before menstruation indicate a dysfunction of the renal system, a lack of vitamins, in particular B6 and Mg. Another factor that may cause large amounts of fluid retention is excessive consumption of salt-containing foods.

Poor nutrition

Before menstruation, the belly becomes enlarged if a woman does not eat properly. Two weeks before menstruation, the production of a hormone responsible for a good mood decreases. This causes irritability and nervousness. One of the best ways to combat female depression is to eat something delicious. Some are drawn to salty foods, others to sweets. At the same time, female hormones affect the smooth muscles of the body, not bypassing the intestines.

Malnutrition and relaxed muscles lead to constipation, increased gas formation, fermentation, and as a result, the stomach swells, swells, and rumbles. A balanced and proper diet, including foods rich in vitamins and minerals in the diet, will help cope with the problem of bloating before menstruation.

Diseases that provoke the disease

All of the above conditions are normal before menstruation. But in some cases, bloating is caused by existing diseases.

Pathologies that cause abdominal enlargement before menstruation:

diseases of the liver and renal system;
gastrointestinal diseases;
malignant and benign tumors;
gynecological diseases.

Basically, pathological enlargement of the abdomen is observed in the presence of malignant and benign tumors in the pelvic organs. From the gynecological side, fibroids are the most common. But even a small tumor of any other organ of the genitourinary system can provoke a significant increase in the abdomen before menstruation. Therefore, gynecologists recommend that women be examined at least 3-4 times a year to exclude the development of unwanted and serous pathologies.

It is necessary to contact a gynecologist in any case if bloating is accompanied by pain, fever, nausea, dizziness and vomiting.

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Preventive actions

What should a woman do if she has bloating? It will not be possible to completely get rid of the symptoms of approaching menstruation, because this is a physiological process. Such is a woman's lot. It is only possible to reduce the symptoms slightly. The belly will shrink only during menstruation.

What should you do to prevent your stomach from bloating before menstruation:

2 weeks before your period, saturate your diet as much as possible with foods that contain B vitamins (nuts, buckwheat, corn, beans, asparagus, potatoes, bran, liver, yeast, sprouted grains of wheat and barley, milk, poultry, eggs, fish, cheese, spinach, broccoli;
exclude products that provoke fermentation and gas formation (grapes, kvass, radishes, confectionery);
do not eat salty, spicy, pickled, smoked foods, spices;
purchase a complex of elements containing K, Mg, Ca, Zn at the pharmacy;
limit caffeine-containing energy drinks and chocolates;
consume at least 2.5 liters of water;
Reduce salt intake to the maximum.

Gynecologists advise doing exercises before menstruation. They will help reduce your belly fat. Gymnastics are done only before menstruation; on the first day when they begin, exercises should be stopped.

In a sitting position, strain for 2-3 seconds and relax your stomach. Do the exercise 3-4 times a day, 12 times.

In a lying position, pull your hips towards your stomach, clasping them with your arms. Do 2 times a day for 2 weeks 15 times.

In the same position, knees bent, hands on stomach. As you exhale, do not press too hard with your palms on the lower abdomen, while holding your breath for 3-4 seconds. As you inhale, stroke your stomach clockwise.

To prevent gas formation and bloating, it is appropriate to drink decoctions of medicinal herbs, for example, decoction of fennel, angelica root, chamomile, cardamom, ginger, nettle, horsetail, and lovage. Some of the herbs listed are diuretics and will help remove excess fluid.

Some resources provide information that bloating before menstruation can be prevented by taking medications. This can be done, but only after consultation with a gynecologist.

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You can take dietary supplements that contain all the microelements and vitamins necessary for the normal development and functioning of the body. Gynecologists often recommend taking diuretics and medications that normalize the functioning of the hormonal system.

An experienced gynecologist will help determine why bloating occurs before menstruation and the causes of this condition, who, after a detailed examination of the female body, will explain what provokes a change in the female figure.

A number of signs may indicate that critical days are about to come. For example, women’s breasts swell, a brutal appetite awakens, and their emotional state generally defies any logical explanation - either they want to sob bitterly for no particular reason, or they want to kill someone. But what’s most unpleasant is that during the premenstrual period, the stomach inflates so much that it seems as if the woman has swallowed a balloon. Not only does it look, to put it mildly, not aesthetically pleasing, but it can also cause physical discomfort. Many representatives of the fair sex are concerned with the question: what happens to their body at this time and why does the belly swell strongly before menstruation?

There may be several reasons why the stomach swells during menstruation.

Reason No. 1. Fluid retention.

Before the onset of menstruation, women experience a change in hormonal levels. Because of this, fluid may be retained in the body. This is a kind of compensation for the upcoming blood loss. By the way, for this reason, not only the stomach, but also other parts of the body, for example, arms, legs, and face may swell. In addition, during the premenstrual period, the hormone vasopressin is synthesized, which reduces the frequency of the urge to urinate. And this again leads to the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues. But after the end of menstruation, the water and salt balance in the body returns to normal.

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Many women who watch their figure and regularly step on the scale have noticed that their weight increases a few days before and during their period. The increase can be up to 3 kg. But there is no need to worry about this. We become heavier not because we have eaten extra pounds, but because excess fluid is retained in the body. As soon as your period comes to its logical conclusion, the numbers on the scales again become the same.

Reason No. 2. Overeating.

Uncontrolled appetite and overeating is another reason why the belly swells and enlarges before menstruation. During PMS, women constantly feel hungry, no matter how much they eat. It seems to them that even if they swallow an elephant, they still won’t get enough of it. In this case, the digestion process before menstruation, on the contrary, slows down. As a result, gases accumulate in the intestines, which causes the very unpleasant symptoms we are talking about.

Reason No. 3. Increase in the hormone progesterone.

Before menstruation, the body begins to produce the female sex hormone progesterone with redoubled force. Its increased concentration makes the uterus more loose and relaxes the smooth muscles. As a result, the organ responsible for childbirth becomes soft, swollen and slightly sagging - this is how the uterus prepares to receive an embryo in the event of a possible conception. And outwardly this creates the effect of a bloated belly.

Reason No. 4. Interesting situation.

Bloating before the expected start of menstruation may also indicate a possible pregnancy. If conception has occurred, the inner walls of the uterus become looser and are saturated with useful substances necessary for the development of the embryo. As a result, the mucous membranes swell and a feeling of bloating and fullness occurs in the abdomen. You can make sure whether you will soon become a mother or not using the well-known test. And if it shows two stripes, and the feeling of bloating persists, you should immediately inform your doctor. At the initial stage of pregnancy, this sign may indicate uterine tone, which poses a threat of miscarriage.

Reason No. 5. Pathologies.

The reasons why the belly swells during menstruation can be not only physiological processes in the female body, but also various pathologies. We are talking, for example, about tumors of the uterus and other pelvic organs, problems with the stomach and intestines, and diseases of the genitourinary system. Pathological processes may be accompanied by a number of other unpleasant signs: pain in the lower abdomen, weakness, increased body temperature, vomiting, and a frequent desire to visit the restroom. If your period does not come and pregnancy is not confirmed, then most likely you are faced with some kind of disease. And in this case, it is necessary, without delay, to make an appointment with a doctor.

How to reduce bloating before your period?

Try not to overeat and limit your consumption of salty, sweet, spicy, fatty, and smoked foods. Don't eat fast food and don't drink soda or alcohol. During PMS, the basis of your diet should be protein and fiber.
Drink as much plain water as possible. It reduces swelling, removes toxins and improves digestion. Also during this period, green and herbal teas and unsweetened cranberry juice are recommended. They have a diuretic effect and remove excess fluid from the body.
Don't sit still, try to move as much as possible. Even light physical activity improves intestinal function and promotes the removal of gases.
Consult your doctor; you may be recommended vitamin complexes or diuretic medications.

For some representatives of the fair sex, the menstrual cycle is not accompanied by pain or any health problems. However, such happiness is not given to all women. Most people have to deal with the so-called PMS: a complex of symptoms of a neurological, autonomic and vascular nature, causing a deterioration in general well-being and severe discomfort. Bloating before your next period is one of the most common signs of premenstrual syndrome. Many ladies clearly know how many days before menstruation they need to prepare for discomfort: the appearance of bloating, rumbling and cramping.

Causes

The abdominal cavity contains vital internal organs, including the intestines, spleen, liver, and pancreas. Together, they represent a biochemical factory, the work of which reflects many physiological processes. The endocrine system has the strongest influence in this regard. In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, progestogen activity causes relaxation of muscle fibers and retention of incoming fluid in the body. This leads to a number of consequences:

Creation of a strategic water reserve. It is necessary to maintain balance during the period of upcoming heavy discharge. Many women, after the 14th–15th day of the cycle, notice some weight gain, and 2–3 days before the start of menstruation (for some, 5–7 days): the appearance of general swelling, breast engorgement, and an increase in abdominal volume. Normally, the removal of accumulated water begins 1 day before menstruation, or on the day it begins, which is manifested by more frequent trips to the toilet.
Due to the activity of progesterone, the overall muscle tone is somewhat weakened: the tissues become looser and softer. Untrained muscles feel this much more strongly. The abdominal muscles are the largest, but the least active and, with a lack of movement, as well as under the influence of hormones, sag.
Violation of intestinal motility. This is a common cause of bloating before menstruation. The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, relaxation of muscle fibers, and swelling invariably affect the functioning of the digestive system. The intestines become sluggish and work more slowly. This provokes enzymatic disorders, fermentation processes, accumulation of gases, and the formation of constipation. In some cases, failure causes diarrhea. The bloating of the abdomen is quite pronounced, often accompanied by grumbling, cramping pain, distension, nausea and other dyspeptic manifestations. Less commonly, an increase in waist circumference occurs asymptomatically.

Pathological problems with abdominal enlargement

Normally, slight swelling of the abdominal walls does not affect everyday life in any way and does not disrupt the daily routine. However, a very bloated abdomen, loud rumbling, pain, and bowel movements may be a sign of a hidden disease.

Possible pathologies that cause severe bloating during menstruation:

Gastroduodenitis or colitis: chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum often occurs in a chronic form, only occasionally making itself known. A rush of blood and accumulation of fluid before menstruation provokes a subacute condition: the stomach swells, gas formation, excess pressure on the intestinal walls causes spasms, flatulence, nausea, diarrhea or prolonged stool retention. Sharp pain in the lower abdominal cavity and near the navel is likely.
Kidney diseases. Nephritis constantly contributes to excessive fluid retention, and before menstruation this process is even more pronounced. In such cases, abdominal swelling is often accompanied by swelling of the arms, legs or face, bags under the eyes, dull pain in the lower back, physical lethargy, drowsiness, and rapid heartbeat. An increase in blood pressure is likely.
Inflammation and adhesions of the pelvic organs. Chronic oophoritis, salpingitis or ovarian cyst before menstruation often cause symptoms of bloating or “acute” abdomen. The condition is accompanied by quite severe pain and spasms, radiating to the anus or lower back, and rumbling may appear. Stool disturbances usually do not occur.

Often, an exacerbation of an existing illness is mistaken for ordinary PMS.

Pregnancy and bloating

Conception is very often accompanied by a number of characteristic signs: breast swelling, dizziness, decreased physical strength, dull nagging pain in the lower abdominal cavity, and an increase in its volume. Bloating, like before menstruation, is also one of the symptoms of pregnancy. This suspicion is strengthened by a delay in the expected cycle for several days or a slight bloody smear instead of the usual menstruation.

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The assumption that has arisen can be confirmed or refuted only by passing a test or taking an analysis for the hCG level. This must be done 1.5–2 weeks from the date of the delay.

Ovulation

In many women, bloating occurs after menstruation, closer to the middle of the cycle. Usually it coincides with the period of ovulation - the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This process can be quite painful, as it is accompanied by mechanical rupture of the follicle - the cell membrane. In this case, weakness, nagging pain occurs, and the stomach enlarges slightly. Usually the symptoms are mild and disappear completely within 24 hours, and for most, after a few hours.

Occasionally, bloating persists for more than a day and causes severe physical discomfort. In such situations, ovulation may be associated with metabolic or intestinal disorders.

Nutrition

The process of gas formation in the intestines is greatly influenced by diet. Even if all organs are healthy, a few days before the onset of menstruation, it is recommended to free them from excess stress, eliminating foods that provoke flatulence and swelling:

fresh milk;
sugar, confectionery;
black bread;
raw white cabbage;
celery;
peanut;
dishes made from peas, beans and corn;
hot, salty and spicy snacks;
smoked meats;
fried meat and fish;
beer;
kvass;
strong coffee.

It is undesirable to overeat; food should be taken 4-5 times a day in small portions. Bloating with a delay in menstruation is no exception. However, here it is necessary not only to adhere to a gentle diet, but to perform the necessary diagnostics.

Intestinal problems

If there are disturbances in the intestines, it is advisable to avoid coarse fiber, baked goods, fried, smoked and other foods that increase fermentation.

It is useful to move a lot and actively. Outside the menstrual period - play sports, during it - walk more. Rest is required only in case of severe deterioration in health.

A week before the onset of menstruation, in order to avoid the appearance of gases and swelling, it is recommended to drink an infusion of dill seed or fennel, take activated carbon or other enterosorbents twice a day.

With severe bloating, breathing exercises and self-massage of the abdominal cavity are useful to stimulate blood circulation, digestion and active movement of contents through the intestines:

in a sitting or standing position, take a deep breath, protruding the abdominal wall as much as possible, exhale smoothly, pulling the muscles inward, repeat 3-5 times;
massage the abdomen while lying on your back: with wide circular movements for 2–3 minutes. clockwise, placing both palms on your stomach.

What are the causes of such a phenomenon as bloating before menstruation? Many girls experience an inflated belly on certain days of their cycle.

For some it increases very much, for others less. Doctors urge those who are concerned not to worry.

Bloating before your period is due to natural hormonal changes that occur in the body throughout the menstrual cycle.

Hormones and the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle in women has different durations. The norm is 28 days, but depending on individual characteristics, there may be an interval between menstruation from 21 to 40 days.

In the middle of the cycle, ovulation occurs, that is, the release of an egg from the ovary. This time is favorable for conception. It is on these days that some women noticeably swell their bellies.

It is clear that a tiny egg cannot have such an effect on waist size. The reasons for this phenomenon are different. The point here is hormones - substances that “command” all processes in the body.

A distended belly mid-cycle is a sign of ovulation. The fact is that the release of an egg from the ovary is, albeit small, but still a trauma.

Some women feel nagging pain these days, while others do not. Often, simultaneously with ovulation, digestive disorders are observed: constipation or diarrhea, increased gas formation.

Gut problems further increase bloating. To avoid pain, you can take an antispasmodic.

Also, if there are no plans to get pregnant this month, then it is better to limit your sex life at this time.

Other girls experience bloating not in the middle of the cycle, but a week before it begins. At this time, the stomach causes the hormone progesterone to swell, which affects the condition of the muscles.

The hormone relaxes the uterus, after which it becomes soft, ready to accept an embryo if conception occurs.

Doctors reassure those who are afraid of this phenomenon, saying that bloating during and after ovulation (a few days before the start of menstruation) is a natural process. This is how nature makes sure that conception occurs in optimal conditions.

After an increase in the level of progesterone, simultaneously with the relaxation of the muscles of the uterus, another process begins in the body - water retention in the tissues.

The fluid begins to be removed through the kidneys not in full - some of it accumulates in the intercellular space and cells. Such a delay is a temporary phenomenon that will pass immediately after the start of menstruation.

Water retention also contributes to the fact that the waist grows in volume for some time.

Many women who monitor their weight have noted this pattern - immediately after the end of the previous cycle and before the start of a new one, body weight increases by several kilograms. This increase is due precisely to the fact that fluid retention has begun in the body.

At this time, under the influence of female hormones - prolactin, progesterone and estrogen - the balance of salts in the body is disturbed and sodium begins to accumulate, retaining fluid in the tissues.

At the same time, another hormone appears in the blood - vasopressin, which reduces the frequency of urination. Because of this, moisture retention occurs.

What is it for? So nature took care there so that when menstruation occurs, the pressure in the tissues does not decrease due to blood loss.

If the body suddenly loses a lot of fluid, a state of shock will occur. Therefore, blood is simply replaced with water for a while, and the total volume of liquid does not change.

Outwardly, this is manifested by bloating before menstruation. During these few days, not only the stomach swells, but also other parts of the body: fingers, legs. These days it is better not to wear rings or high heels.

Other reasons

In addition to hormonal reasons, there may be other reasons for bloating before menstruation.

An enlarged abdomen may be associated with uterine fibroids. All women, without exception, need to undergo an annual examination by a gynecologist, because timely diagnosis of fibroids and other diseases of the female sphere is a necessary condition for successful treatment.

It is necessary to consult a doctor if, during the enlargement of the abdomen before menstruation, the pain becomes more intense, vomiting begins, or the temperature rises - such symptoms are not associated with menstruation, but with diseases of the internal organs. This condition requires qualified medical care.

Pregnancy can cause bloating. If the body and breasts are swollen, and at the same time there is a delay in menstruation, then it’s time to take a pregnancy test.

By this point, the period may already be 2-3 weeks, and modern hCG tests should show this.

You need to know that regardless of whether a woman wants to become a mother or not, pregnancy cannot be the cause of pain if it occurs.

Pain at this stage indicates a possible spontaneous abortion. In this case, you need to urgently consult a doctor, even if you have no plans to become a mother, since the test cannot detect ectopic pregnancy and other dangerous conditions.

Another cause of bloating before menstruation can be regular gas. After ovulation, some women have an increase in appetite, which leads to digestive disorders.

There is no need to reproach yourself, hormones are also to blame for this. How long this condition will last depends on the amount of the hormone serotonin in the blood. The body uses excess nutrition to compensate for its deficiency.

Tip: serotonin in the body can be increased by eating chocolate, dairy products, dates, plums, and figs.

Therefore, if you want the increase in appetite before menstruation to not last for several days, it is better to start eating these foods at the first sign of “eating.”

Simultaneously with the drop in serotonin levels, as mentioned above, before menstruation, the level of progesterone, a hormone that relaxes the muscles of the uterus and other organs, including the intestines, increases.

Increased appetite and relaxed bowels lead to constipation and flatulence, which can be another reason for bloating before your period.

What to do if your stomach is swollen before your period due to gas or swelling? Those who are aware of this peculiarity need to limit themselves in the consumption of salt, smoked meats and gas-forming foods (brown bread, legumes, cabbage) a few days before menstruation.

After the start of menstruation, these foods can be reintroduced into the diet.

On days when the stomach is swollen, it is better not to wear clothes with tight belts, since at this time it is harmful to tighten the area of the appendages and abdomen.

So, an increase in the belly before menstruation is a normal reaction to changes in hormonal levels.

This condition will last as long as the body needs to prepare for menstruation or pregnancy.

Less commonly, this condition is associated with gynecological diseases and digestive disorders. In the first case, you need to consult a doctor, in the second, adjust your diet.

Each woman has her own characteristics of premenstrual syndrome, which depend on hormonal levels, emotional mood, previous illnesses and age. The question often arises about why the belly swells before menstruation.

It is necessary to remember which hormones affect a woman’s condition during the menstrual cycle. This is an estrogen that elevates mood, improves well-being and helps egg maturation. And also gestagens - mainly progesterone, which more than others influences why the belly swells before menstruation. Initially, estrogen levels rise, and then drop quite sharply, and a woman can react with a deterioration in her emotional state, aggressiveness and irritability. In addition, the skin becomes oilier, rashes appear, and the overall level of immune defense may decrease.

On the day the egg is released, the premenstrual phase begins, in which all unwanted changes occur, as the level of gestagens increases. Among other things, it is possible to increase body weight, increase sensitivity and swelling of the mammary glands, constipation, and the stomach swells before menstruation. Flatulence and heaviness in the lower abdomen, pulling and painful sensations help to suspect the onset of “these days.”

The complex of processes that determine why the belly swells before menstruation includes the effect of progesterone on the digestive tract and the secretion of gastric juice. It reduces the secretion of bile, can reduce intestinal motility, but even minor errors in nutrition, and even more so the exacerbation of chronic pathologies, can lead to constipation, flatulence and bloating. Knowing these characteristics of your body, try to exclude legumes, easily digestible carbohydrates, including grapes, juices and sugar these days. This will significantly reduce discomfort. Enrich your diet with vitamins; if constipation bothers you, try to eat vegetables.

But the influence of hormones does not end there. Other possible factors for why the belly swells before menstruation is the preparation of the uterus to receive an egg, its swelling and increased blood supply. The uterus has a complex muscular structure and is more relaxed during the luteal phase of the cycle. Nature, thus, ensures the safety of the egg and reduces the frequency of miscarriages at such an early stage. Progesterone affects metabolic processes in such a way that it retains water in the body, leading to its retention in the abdominal cavity.

It is important to understand why the stomach swells before menstruation. This way you can quickly calm down and improve your well-being, increase your vitality. But do not forget: if severe or even acute pain in the side and lower abdomen begins to bother you, then it is necessary to exclude appendicitis and ovulatory pain with ovarian apoplexy. In this case, bloating and irritation of the peritoneum are also possible, and an ultrasound examination reveals fluid in the pelvic cavity.

Procreation by a woman implies the presence of menstruation, named after the dependence of the cycle on the lunar calendar. A woman's monthly cycle occurs individually. For some, the set of symptoms before menstruation becomes an unbearable event that requires medical intervention. A common reason for changes in a woman’s body is related to the body’s preparation for a possible pregnancy.

The concept of a cycle

A woman's cycle consists of 4 phases: menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, luteal.

The menstrual phase lasts 4-7 days. On average, bleeding goes away within 4 days. During the follicular stage, which begins after menstruation, the egg matures. The duration of the period is 2 weeks. The ovulatory phase is characterized by the release of a mature egg, ready for fertilization. She has a day for fertilization, if this does not happen, she begins to die. The probability of getting pregnant covers 5 days - 2 days before, 2 days after. In the luteal phase, hormonal imbalance and other signs of PMS occur. The duration of the phase is up to 16 days.

PMS and signs

The complex of physiological and psychological symptoms that occur on the eve of menstruation (a week before) is called PMS. Metamorphoses occur due to changes in the level of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. The uterus is preparing to bear a child. If fertilization does not occur, the hormone estrogen remains at a high level, progesterone drops - causing unpleasant symptoms, on average 3 days before menstruation and on the first and second days.

The listed symptoms of PMS manifest themselves individually, in combination, being individual characteristics. The duration and nature of the symptoms depend on them. Unpleasant symptoms do not go away in a day, they last a week. The intensity increases towards the end of the cycle.

My head is spinning.
Headache.
Nausea manifests itself (sometimes mild, intense).
Possible vomiting.
Stomach, lower abdomen, lower back pain.
Weakness (dizziness and weakness are often precursors to fainting).
Anxiety, increased level of anxiety.
Fast fatiguability.
The chest swells and hurts.
Increased aggressiveness, irritability.
Tearfulness.
Apathy.

Causes

The feeling of nausea is a sign of improper functioning of the body, provoked by various reasons. Nausea before menstruation is a common symptom experienced by women. Nausea is often combined with dizziness.

Dizziness occurs due to dilation, then sharp narrowing of blood vessels. Spasms reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to the brain, which leads to dizziness. Feeling dizzy not only before menstruation, the cause of the symptom can be a malfunction of the vestibular apparatus, overwork, stress of an emotional or physical nature.

Severe headache before menstruation due to an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone. Painful sensations in the abdomen occur for the same reason. Hot flashes are an unpleasant sensation in which a woman experiences chills and then feels hot.

A woman feels sick with high blood pressure resulting from PMS. Weakness with apathy, nausea and vertigo occur due to a lack of hemoglobin, which does not have time to replenish the supply of red blood cells. Brain starvation leads to the listed symptoms.

Changes in mood during the luteal phase are associated with hormonal changes. Previously, it was believed that psychological problems associated with PMS occur in mentally unbalanced women. The myth has been refuted. Symptoms before menstruation are not caused by mental disorders, but by the work of hormones.

Algomenorrhea

A diagnosis characterized by severe pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, and dizziness during menstruation is called algomenorrhea. The causes of unpleasant symptoms are the structural features of the female uterus, underdevelopment of the organ (in a teenager), small size - they are classified as primary algomenorrhea. Secondary algomenorrhea manifests itself through the presence of fibroids, adhesions, and other diseases.

Nausea in teenagers

Teenage girls who have just begun to form a cycle feel sick before menstruation and are entering final puberty. Experts consider nausea, pain, and dizziness to be normal for a growing woman. Nausea occurs due to contraction of the muscles of the internal part of the girl’s genital organs. The duration of the cycle formation takes 2 years. After the period expires, the symptoms in most girls fade away.

Nausea is a sign of pregnancy

The signs of PMS are one-to-one similar to the signs of pregnancy. The only difference in symptoms is the continuation of unpleasant symptoms instead of menstruation. If you need to find out if you are pregnant, take a test. In the initial stages, the result is positive or negative, the information is unreliable.

If the result is negative, there is a delay of a week, contact your gynecologist. Delayed onset of the menstrual cycle does not always indicate pregnancy. This happens with diseases of the female genital organs.

Non-gynecological reasons

Problems in the second half of the cycle arise for other reasons. Psychological health depends on physical health. Food poisoning also causes similar symptoms: nausea, dizziness, weakness. Alcohol abuse aggravates the situation, intensifies and aggravates the woman’s symptoms.

Relieving Nausea

Diagnosis and treatment of side effects before menstruation takes into account the woman’s age, health, absence or presence of gynecological problems. Recommendations suitable for all ages are described below.

The first thing you should do when symptoms of PMS begin is to be in the fresh air more often, lie down if necessary, and breathe deeply. Frequent and deep breathing will help relieve oxygen starvation in the body. If possible, move away from sources of irritation. Avoid visiting steam rooms, saunas, and heavy physical activity.

Medicines

When symptoms worsen, women take painkillers. They allow you to eliminate unpleasant sensations in the lower part of the body: soothe headaches, stomach pain.

Mastodinon is a drug designed to eliminate pain and balance hormonal levels during PMS. Women's medicine allows you to forget about unpleasant manifestations.

In severe cases, women are prescribed antidepressants to help eliminate the psychological problem.

Diet

If you have PMS, you should not overload your body with heavy food; overeating will cause nausea. The diet should consist primarily of long-digesting carbohydrates. These include cereals, baked goods, fresh vegetables and fruits, and low-fat dairy products.

Eliminate alcohol, reduce consumption of confectionery, sweets, and coffee. Alcohol and coffee increase a person’s blood pressure, and with PMS, when the pressure is already unstable, it is worth taking care of your health to avoid increased symptoms.

Physical exercise

Physical activity on a woman before her period is prohibited, but a moderate amount of it will be beneficial for her. When playing sports, the hormone endorphin is released, which helps improve a woman’s mood and general condition.

Warm-up, simple gymnastics, a light jog or walk is the best medicine for health.

Complications

More often than not, women experience symptoms on their own. Contacting a specialist implies the presence of atypical manifestations that require help. These include increased abdominal pain, delayed periods, loss of strength, elevated temperature or blood pressure, fainting and nausea with vomiting.

To understand the causes of unpleasant sensations, it is worth monitoring your health. Recording manifestations will allow you to get to know the body better and simplify the task of diagnosing it from a specialist. Consulting a doctor will allow you to prescribe treatment that is suitable for your specific case.

Can you feel sick before your period? Some women complain that they feel sick every month in the second half of their cycle.

Find out from the article why this happens and whether this problem requires special treatment.

Causes of nausea before menstruation

Nausea is an unpleasant pulling or sucking sensation in the upper abdomen. Nausea may result in vomiting, causing the contents of the stomach to be expelled through the throat.

Nausea is accompanied by weakness, dizziness and profuse salivation. If nausea occurs regularly on certain days of the cycle, this may indicate malfunctions in various systems and organs.

Most likely, the cause of nausea before menstruation is hormonal changes.

For women who experience nausea on a monthly basis, doctors recommend taking a blood test for hormones, which will help identify the hormonal imbalance that causes nausea.

People taking hormonal medications may also experience nausea before their periods, as medications in this class alter hormonal levels.

Nausea resulting from taking hormonal medications may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

profuse sweating;
headache;
mood swings.

Menstruation varies from woman to woman. Its character depends on individual characteristics.

Some lucky women do not experience any discomfort, while others feel the approach of menstruation almost a week in advance, suffering from abdominal or lower back pain, nausea, headaches, and mood swings.

Nausea, depression, irritability and poor general health on the eve of menstruation are classic symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

On certain days, the stomach begins to hurt, and a pulling sensation appears in the uterus. This “bouquet” of symptoms is a common precursor to menstruation in a woman with PMS.

Premenstrual syndrome is familiar to more than half of the fair sex. The cause of discomfort is endocrine disorders.

Nausea before menstruation indicates a cephalgic form of PMS, which is characterized by vomiting, dizziness, heart pain, numbness in the hands and sweating.

Nausea before menstruation may be due to an unplanned pregnancy, which the expectant mother does not even know about yet.

For a huge number of women, the first symptom of pregnancy is nausea, especially if it appears in the morning and ends with vomiting.

In this state, the body can react with nausea to the smell of any food. “Can I feel sick before my period because I’m pregnant but don’t know it yet?” - Ladies who are exhausted by severe multi-day nausea sometimes turn to their gynecologist with this question, when there are only a few days left before the expected date of the onset of menstruation.

Indeed, PMS can easily be confused with pregnancy, especially if a woman already knows that her periods may be delayed due to hormonal imbalances or chronic diseases.

If a woman has reason to suspect that she is pregnant (for example, on the days of ovulation she had unprotected sex), then you can:

buy a test at the pharmacy;
donate blood for hCG.

An analysis for the hCG hormone gives a reliable result within 10 days after fertilization.

If pregnancy is confirmed, you need to be especially careful, since it is at this stage of development that the fetus is most vulnerable and can suffer from medications, infections and other external influences.

Changes in blood composition

Immediately before menstruation, the body begins to produce a huge amount of female hormones. In this way, the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg.

If conception does not occur, the amount of progesterone in the blood drops sharply to normal levels, and the level of estrogen decreases more slowly, which is why there is an extreme amount of estrogen in the blood for several days. This provokes various disorders, including nausea and the gag reflex.

Before the start of the cycle, the body intensively produces blood cells, which consumes a lot of hemoglobin.

Due to poor metabolism in the blood, there may be a lack of this protein, which is necessary not only for building blood, but also for normal brain function.

With a lack of hemoglobin, the brain lacks oxygen. In response, the vomiting center is stimulated, causing nausea and dizziness.

If a woman naturally has low hemoglobin, then nausea at the end of the cycle is almost guaranteed.

In addition, she will have attacks of weakness and constant drowsiness. Long-term strict meat-free diets can have the same effect before menstruation.

Nausea can be caused by increased blood pressure. Before menstruation, the numbers on the tonometer may deviate from the norm, even if the rest of the time the pressure does not bother you at all.

An increase in pressure provokes a change in the water-salt balance in the body, the cause of which is an increased level of estrogen.

Estrogen retains moisture in tissues, including the area of the brain where the hypothalamus is located. Due to compression by swollen tissues, the gland begins to produce hormones poorly, as a result of which vascular tone increases, and therefore pressure increases.

Before menstruation, blood pressure can not only rise, but also fall. In women of the neuropsychiatric group, before menstruation, insomnia increases, appetite decreases, which causes blood pressure to decrease.

Women with the cephalgic form of PMS especially suffer from vegetative-vascular problems.

The reasons for the decrease in pressure in this case are gynecological diseases (fibroids, polyps), taking painkillers (antispasmodics dilate blood vessels), and an increased amount of prostaglandins in the blood.

You should be alert to a regular decrease in blood pressure before menstruation, accompanied by cardiac arrhythmia.

Women with such manifestations need to be examined by three specialists at once: a gynecologist, an endocrinologist and a cardiologist.

Causes of nausea not related to gynecology

Nausea before menstruation is not always associated with gynecological problems or hormonal reasons. Sometimes even taking hormonal medications prescribed by a doctor does not reduce PMS symptoms.

Such women need to see a gastroenterologist who can explain why they feel sick before menstruation.

The fact is that at this stage of the cycle, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may worsen, since the body weakens before menstruation.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are manifested by nausea, which may simultaneously cause diarrhea and/or vomiting.

Do you have a stomach ache and diarrhea before your period? Most likely the causes of this condition are chronic gastritis or ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract.

If the menstrual cycle has ended, and abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea do not go away, then you should definitely contact a gastroenterologist and undergo an examination.

Nausea may be a sign of dangerous diseases such as hepatitis, appendicitis, cholecystitis or pancreatitis.

An additional sign that the cause of nausea is in the gastrointestinal tract will be its connection with food. Almost any nausea after eating indicates problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

In parallel, other symptoms of digestive diseases may occur: flatulence, dull pain in the epigastrium, diarrhea.

Nausea and vomiting after eating indicate erosive processes in the stomach and esophagus, acute gastritis, and poor flow of bile.

Nausea and subtle pain in the right hypochondrium, a yellow tint to the skin and eyeballs should suggest problems with the gallbladder.

Knowing the causes of nausea, it is possible to develop treatment tactics for this condition. In order not to suffer from unpleasant symptoms every month, you need to adjust your diet.

This is useful not only for ladies with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but also for everyone else.

Drink several glasses of clean water during the day, eat regularly in small portions, exclude fried and fatty foods from the menu - this will help keep the gastrointestinal tract in order or restore its health if digestive problems have already appeared.

Before menstruation, you need to take special care of your body and not overload it. Do not plan training or work in the country during this time.

A specialist can tell you how to relieve nausea and weakness before menstruation. There are medications that help with premenstrual syndrome.

Such medications have contraindications, so they can only be taken as prescribed by a doctor.

Now you know all the possible causes of nausea before menstruation.

If nausea appears monthly, you will have to undergo examination by an appropriate specialist: a gynecologist or gastroenterologist. The doctor will find the cause of the problem and tell you how to get rid of it.

Menstruation is a natural process in a woman’s life that indicates her ability to bear children. Often this period is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort or pain, which can cause significant inconvenience. One of the unpleasant symptoms is bloating during menstruation. This condition in most cases is physiological in nature and occurs due to hormonal changes. But sometimes bloating during menstruation indicates the development of serious diseases. Let's take a closer look at the causes and methods of treating this condition.

Description

Bloating is a condition in the intestines in which gases accumulate in the intestines and are unable to leave the body on their own. This is one of the signs of premenstrual syndrome. Many people are interested in the question of how many days before menstruation bloating can appear. This symptom occurs one to two weeks before menstruation. Bloating during menstruation appears due to hormonal changes occurring in the female body. In particular, this condition causes changes in the levels of progesterone and estrogen in the blood. But do not forget that sometimes bloating is provoked by more dangerous diseases - gastritis, inflammation of the appendix or malignant tumors.

Causes

The causes of bloating before menstruation are quite extensive. For ease of classification, they are usually divided into the following types:

Physiological. In this case, the feeling of bloating is a normal condition, which is caused by the action of hormones. In the vast majority of cases, this symptom disappears after the onset of menstruation. As a rule, it does not require medical intervention.
Pathological, indicating the development of a serious disease. Bloating can be accompanied by severe pain and cramps. It is necessary to contact a medical institution as soon as possible, where a comprehensive examination will be carried out.

Physiological reasons

Physiological causes of bloating during menstruation include the following:

Hormonal changes. After ovulation ends, the body begins to prepare for a possible conception by increasing the production of certain hormones, in particular progesterone. In this case, the uterus becomes enlarged due to the flow of blood to it. This not only increases the volume of the abdomen, but also contributes to compression of the intestines, which causes disruptions in its functioning.
Swelling. This is a manifestation of the body’s protective reaction, since it is assumed that during menstruation a large amount of fluid, nutrients and microelements will be lost. The body begins to store water. Some people may experience swelling in their arms or legs, while others may experience a bloated stomach.
Ovulation. During this period, there is an active production of female hormones, which can cause bloating and flatulence.
Pregnancy. In the first weeks, bloating can be confused with a harbinger of menstruation. A distinctive feature will be that if the bloating is caused by pregnancy, the abdomen will be hard upon palpation.

Pathological causes

Normally, swelling of the abdominal walls should not cause significant discomfort. But if such a condition is accompanied by sharp pain, loud rumbling and other similar symptoms, this may indicate the development of a pathological process.

Let's look at the most common reasons:

Diseases of the genitourinary system. For example, if there is bloating during menstruation, pain, swelling of the limbs and face, general weakness, bags under the eyes, then this may indicate nephritis.
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. When hormonal levels change, they worsen. Due to the influx of blood and enlargement of the uterus, gas formation occurs, which distends the abdominal cavity. There may also be cramps, flatulence, bowel irregularities, and nausea. A distinctive feature is the appearance of sharp pain in the navel area.
Pathological processes in the pelvic organs. In this case, cramping pain may occur, radiating to the lower back or anus, and the discharge may change. Bowel disturbances are rare.
Tumor processes that can compress the intestines, disrupting its function.

If bloating occurs with a delay in menstruation, a negative pregnancy test may indicate a pathological process occurring in the female reproductive system. It is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo tests, based on the results of which therapy will be prescribed.

Bloating and pregnancy

Signs of pregnancy are often confused with premenstrual syndrome. If you experience bloating due to a delay in menstruation, you should pay attention to other signs of successful conception - dizziness, mood swings, breast swelling and tenderness, weakness, nausea. If you suspect pregnancy, you must conduct a special test and consult a doctor.

Ovulation

Many women experience bloating after their period, around the middle of their cycle. This may indicate a period of ovulation, which is sometimes accompanied by painful pulling sensations, bowel irregularities, and general malaise. This condition usually goes away within two days, and sometimes within a few hours. To confirm the release of the egg, you can use special rapid tests.

Poor nutrition

Abdominal bloating during menstruation can also be caused by an incorrect diet. Many foods can cause increased gas formation and cramping pain, and under the influence of hormonal surges, these manifestations occur much more often. As the uterus enlarges, the intestines are compressed, which interferes with normal digestion of food, which also increases the risk of bloating. To minimize unpleasant symptoms, you should exclude certain foods from your diet and adhere to certain rules. Let's look at them in more detail.

Meals should be fractional and consist of small portions.
Reduce salt intake.
In order for the body not to feel a lack of fluid and therefore begin to accumulate it in large quantities, it is necessary to establish a drinking regime. Experts recommend drinking at least two liters of water per day.

Products that should be limited or completely eliminated include:

Cabbage.
Legumes.
Black bread.
Fried meat and fish.
Smoked products.
Beer.
Celery.
Fresh milk.
Baking.
Products with high sugar content.
Strong coffee and tea.
Alcohol.
Chocolate.
Carbonated drinks.

Products that help combat increased gas formation include the following:

A pineapple.
Garlic.
Sweet potato.
Cucumbers.
Tomatoes.
Ginger.
Peaches.

Diagnostics

As a rule, diagnostic measures are prescribed by a doctor in order to clarify the concomitant diagnosis. The following laboratory and instrumental studies are used:

General analysis of urine and blood.
Blood chemistry.
Coprogram.
Endoscopy.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic and abdominal organs.
Sometimes more serious examinations may be required. For example, laparoscopy or MRI.

Possible treatment

Not only dietary adjustments, but also drug therapy, as well as the use of traditional medicine, will help prevent or get rid of bloating during menstruation. Moderate physical activity and walks in the fresh air are recommended.

It is worth remembering that if signs of serious pathological conditions are added to the bloating, you need to seek qualified help and undergo all the necessary tests to clarify the cause of this condition. Below we consider the main treatment options used for bloating.

Drug treatment

Medicines that help combat increased gas formation should be prescribed by the attending physician based on the characteristics of the woman’s body and accompanying symptoms. It is worth remembering that the use of medications should be prescribed after excluding the fact of pregnancy, since many drugs are prohibited during pregnancy.

The most effective remedies in the fight against bloating are the following medications:

"Espumizan". Promotes painless and rapid release of gases.
"Motilium". Accelerates intestinal motility.
"Antareit." It is a carminative drug.
"No-shpa", "Spazmalgon". They belong to the category of antispasmodics. Eliminate pain, spasms and relax the muscles of both the uterus and intestines.
White coal, Enterosgel, Polysorb are sorbents.
"Linex", "Bifiform" - contain beneficial bacteria that improve intestinal function.
Diuretics.
Vitamin therapy, in particular, taking vitamins B, E and C is recommended.
Sometimes sedatives and painkillers may be prescribed.

When going to the doctor, many women are interested in whether there is systematic bloating before menstruation, how many days before their onset it is necessary to take medications. Many experts recommend following a diet 2 weeks before menstruation, and medication as symptoms appear.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine helps not only to cope with bloating, but also to prevent the occurrence of this symptom.

Chamomile.
Cowberry.
Cranberry.
Melissa.
Mint.
Dill.
Fennel.
Sagebrush.

It should be remembered that the use of any herbs is possible only in the absence of allergic reactions and after consultation with your doctor. When using traditional medicine, reviews from women are in most cases positive.

Conclusion

Bloating during menstruation is a normal condition caused by the activity of hormones. If the symptoms disappear on their own after some time and do not cause significant discomfort, there is no need to worry. But if the symptoms intensify, you should contact a specialist who will conduct an examination and prescribe diagnostic measures.

It is necessary to learn to listen to your body, since ordinary bloating, which can be mistaken for a manifestation of premenstrual syndrome, can be a sign of a serious and sometimes dangerous disease. It is necessary to follow all the doctor’s recommendations and periodically carry out special massages or therapeutic exercises. Also, do not neglect traditional medicine, but their use should be agreed with your doctor.