Air heating In a private home, with proper installation and the right choice of necessary equipment, it makes it possible to make home heating truly economical and efficient.
Features and advantages of air heating
When constructing and subsequently arranging your home, the choice of heating system is of great importance for comfortable living in it. A long-known and proven way to maintain optimal temperature in the house is air heating. This is understood as a thermal regulation system that involves supplying a heated air flow to various rooms and rooms of a residential building. Heating of this type, according to a number of indicators, looks much preferable to stove and radiator heating systems.
Air heating system
The heating system we are interested in, which is easy to make with your own hands, does not require the installation of complex circulation devices to move the coolant.
Heated oil or water used for radiator heating moves along heating pipes under high pressure. Due to this, the coolant is classified as a very aggressive and potentially unsafe environment. To control it, it is necessary to install expensive components of the heating system, which must have absolute tightness and resist corrosion processes well.
Even the slightest damage to one of the parts of such a complex causes its failure and the penetration of hot oil (water) into the home. Heated liquids that get out of control can cause a lot of trouble - ruin a person’s property or harm his health. From this point of view, simpler and more reliable air heating is much safer.
Do not forget that radiator heating must be turned off when not in use. If you leave the coolant in the system in winter and go away for a long time, both the pipes and the batteries may collapse (frozen water will simply rupture them). Therefore, for suburban dwellings, where people are not always present, radiator heating doesn't fit. But air, on the contrary, is ideal. It can be started and turned off at any time and for the period you require. We came to relax at the dacha for the weekend - we turned on the air heating, when we left in a couple of days, we turned it off. No problem!
Another important advantage of air heating is the absence of areas elevated temperature near batteries and stoves. The heating system we are considering heats the air evenly throughout the entire home. This means that in houses with air heating you will never see swollen wallpaper, damp streaks on the ceilings and walls, or foggy windows. All of these phenomena are caused by temperature changes, which a priori cannot occur during the operation of air heating systems.
Design and selection of equipment for air heating
High-quality installation of an air heating system is impossible without preliminary calculations. If you are planning to install it yourself, you need to decide on the following indicators:
- air duct cross-section;
- thermal generator power value;
- the speed at which heated air is supplied to the house;
- volumes of heat losses on floor, wall and ceiling surfaces;
- aerodynamic features of the system.
Air heating equipment
It is difficult for a person far from the intricacies of heating systems to calculate them correctly. It is advisable to entrust all calculations to a specialist. Then you will definitely be able to equip a truly high-quality heating system for your home.
Without calculations and drawing up a project in which the air heating device will be determined, there is no point in starting work. And in cases where the design is done incorrectly, you may encounter the following problems when operating an air heating system:
- drafts in the rooms;
- loud noise, humming and vibration of equipment during startup and operation;
- excessive (potentially dangerous) heating of the coolant.
The main element of air heating is the heating unit. Now its function is usually performed by a gas heat generator. But you can install any other heater (for example, electric or one that operates on solid fuel - wood, coal, and so on). The selection of a specific heat generator model depends on the planned fuel consumption and the total area of all rooms that will be heated.
Also, to install the system with your own hands, you need to purchase rigid or flexible pipes, called air ducts, tees and bends for them, special grilles and sleeves for air intake, fan, valves, tape (reinforced) for sealing connection areas individual elements systems, universal fasteners (self-tapping screws, self-tapping screws).
Installing the system yourself - implementation diagram and expert advice
The air heating device is very simple. Essentially, the system consists of a heat generator, supply fan and a complex of air ducts made of stainless steel. Therefore, it will not be difficult for you to make it yourself. Air heating of a private house is installed in five stages:
- Installation of heat generator and heat exchanger.
- Fan installation.
- Wiring and placement of air ducts.
- Thermal insulation of supply and check valves.
- Installation of hoses for air supply.
The heat generator is usually placed in basement Houses. If you are installing a gas heater (boiler), its connection must be made by a gas service specialist. It is prohibited to do such work yourself.
Installation of an air heating system
A solid fuel boiler or electric heater can be installed and connected yourself. Note! For air heating, only equipment operating on solid fuel is suitable, which makes it possible to adjust the rate of combustion of wood (coal).
Then you mount the heat exchanger (it can be easily made from a sheet of ordinary tin), connect it to the air duct, and place the fan under the combustion chamber. From the outside of the wall (from the street) connect the return pipe to the fan location.
After this you need to do the wiring. Attach air vents (it is recommended to use flexible products, but rigid pipes can also be used) to the supply and return ducts, and install the valves. All you have to do is install the hoses through which air will be supplied to the heat generator, and insulate them (as well as the valves) to eliminate the risk of condensation during system operation.
Air heating of a private house - advantages, installation diagram Video
Features of the air heating device for a private house, expert advice on choosing components for such a system, do-it-yourself video installation.
Air heating of a private house is a profitable and effective solution
Do-it-yourself air heating of a private house allows you to heat the room quickly, efficiently and economically.
This largely depends on the choice of air heating system for a private house.
Air heating of a private house - general diagram
The choice of an air heating system for a private home depends on several factors. The positive thing about this choice is that they are all available and have proven their performance in operation.
One such heating option is an air heating system for a private home. This heating option is inexpensive, as well as quite economical and efficient.
The diagram of such a heating system includes the following elements:
- Heat generator- a water heater, which is the actual device that heats the air;
- Air ducts– branched channels for the entry of warm air flows into rooms or parts of rooms that need to be heated;
- Fan(distribution heads) - a device for directing heated air throughout the room itself.
How does air heating work?
Advantages and disadvantages of air heating systems
The advantages of air heating systems include the following:
- High level of efficiency (at 90%);
- There are no intermediate transmission elements (pipes, radiators, etc.) in the heating circuit;
- The air heating system can be combined with a climate system, which is very important for residential premises, since in this way the necessary indoor microclimate can be maintained;
- Possibility of quickly heating the room due to low inertia.
There are also disadvantages of air heating systems:
- Efficient air heating should be installed during the construction of the private house itself;
- The air heating system is quite demanding in terms of regular maintenance;
- The constant need for power requires provision for backup source electricity supply;
- It is impossible to modernize such a system during operation.
With a natural (gravity) heating system, the circulation of heated air occurs due to a change in the specific density of the air when its temperature changes. This scheme is less dependent on power supply, but, at the same time, has significant disadvantages.
Scheme of gravity air heating system
Any drafts or other cold air currents due to open window or doors cause disruption of air flow in the room. This leads to the space under the ceiling overheating, and the working part of the room cooling down.
Scheme of work forced scheme air cooling
The forced air cooling scheme involves the use of a fan. The heated air is distributed through air ducts created by this pressure fan.
Such a fan is installed under the combustion chamber and, purifying the air taken from the premises from dust, various foreign odors and microbes, supplies it to a heated heat exchanger.
After the heat exchanger, the heated air is supplied to the room through air ducts. Air is returned to the heat generator through ventilation grilles or through return air ducts.
Design and calculation of an air heating system
Stages of system calculation:
- Air heater power. It must be sufficient to ensure that the room receives sufficient heating, taking into account compensation for heat losses;
- Heated air supply speed;
- Heat loss through walls, floors, ceilings, windows and doors of the room;
- Air duct diameter. This includes the calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the system. The purpose of this calculation is to determine the amount of air pressure loss.
The consequences of incorrect calculation of the system can be:
- Heater overheating;
- Vibration and noise during operation;
- Draft in the rooms.
After all preliminary issues have been considered, it is necessary to determine the installation location of the air heater. There are no general instructions on this matter. Warm air is usually supplied through a ceiling ventilation system.
The coolant (warm air) is delivered through ventilation grilles to all rooms through special air ducts. They are mounted sleeves.
The outlets of such air ducts are designed in the floor or at the bottom of the room near the floor. The air duct grilles themselves should be designed in places where people will be most often.
Advice. When designing, the quality of the ventilation system must be taken into account. Through it, the room is supplied fresh air. When calculating, it should be taken into account that this is about 25% of the total air flow into the room.
One of the progressive thermal heating solutions when organizing such a system is solar air heating. In this case, when calculating the system, the average number of sunny days per year is taken into account.
Based on these data, a decision is made on the quantity heating elements– solar collectors for heating the house.
These elements are installed on the roofs and walls of buildings and structures. Special structures can be erected for them. The advantages of this solution are favorable price and opportunity self-installation
Manufacturing and installation of the system
The heat generator for the air heating system can be either an electric heater or a heating boiler (solid fuel or gas).
Heat generator for air cooling system
Important. If a solid fuel heating boiler is selected for a heat generator, then its design must necessarily provide for the possibility of changing the fuel burning rate.
The gas boiler must be equipped automatic system switching off and on, as well as a system for monitoring the coolant temperature in the required range.
Air heating system elements
Flexible hoses, air ducts, dampers and other elements of the air heating system are purchased at finished form. You can see what they look like in the photo below.
Particular attention should be paid to if you plan to install an air conditioner. In this case, it is necessary to provide insulation of the air ducts. Condensation will not appear on the surface of insulated air ducts.
The air ducts themselves are usually made of galvanized steel sheets. A convenient self-adhesive thermal insulator can be used as insulation.
In general, the air heating system of a private house will be suitable for installation in any room.
Air heating of a private house: instructions for installing the system yourself, video, price, photo
64) Air heating of a private house: instructions for installing the system with your own hands, video, price, photo
How to do air heating of a private house with your own hands
House air heating scheme
This heating method has been known for a long time. Even in ancient times, houses were heated with hot air, which from the heating stoves passed through channels specially made for this purpose. And today many people are thinking about how to make air heating for a private home with their own hands, since this heating method has many advantages over others.
What types of air heating are there?
To choose the optimal air heating system for a private home, you need to know its types. Such systems can be classified according to several parameters:
- The method of circulation of air masses.
- Location.
- Large scale.
- Heat transfer method.
Circulation method
Air circulation can be carried out naturally or with the help of fans. With the natural way air masses due to their lighter weight, they rise upward and through air ducts, located in this case under the ceiling, enter the room that requires heating. At the same time, the air speed is insignificant, and the room is heated slowly.
Forced circulation, when hot air is driven by fans, moves much faster through the channels, does not have time to cool down to a minimum, and as a result turns out to be more profitable. Air that has not cooled down much no longer needs to be heated, so fuel is saved.
Location
According to location, air heating in a private house is presented as:
- floor system;
- hanging diagram.
In the first option, the air ducts are located in the upper part of the room, under the ceiling, and can be hidden from view decorative elements decor. In the second case, hot air channels are located under the floor or in the form of baseboard structures.
For a private home, a floor layout of air ducts is preferable, since the air warms up the lower part of the room first, which creates a more comfortable environment for people.
From suspended structures the air cannot reach the floor in a warm form, so coolness is always felt at foot level.
Scale
According to this parameter, air heating is divided into local and central. The local scheme involves heating a small private house.
The central system is used to heat the premises large area industrial and public purposes - production workshops, supermarkets, train stations, waiting rooms, sports facilities, hangars, warehouses, etc.
Heat exchange
Both indoor and outdoor air are used to heat the premises. If air is taken only from the street, such a system is called a supply system. For this purpose, supply-type fans are used, which drive air masses directly to the heating unit.
Partial recirculation involves the intake of air, both from the street and from inside the premises, which has already cooled to a minimum value.
Fully recirculating circuit - the internal air is in constant motion, moving from a heated state to a cold state, after which it flows to the heating device, where it is again heated and moved into the rooms to release heat and cool down.
Air heating device
Using a gas heater
Despite the type of scheme by which air heating of the premises of a private house is carried out, if you are going to do everything yourself, you need to stock up on three main components:
- Heat generator. For this purpose, as a rule, a heating boiler or, in extreme cases, a furnace is used. The boiler can operate on any type of fuel or be powered from the mains.
- A network of air ducts, usually made of galvanized sheet steel. They have an unsightly appearance, but are often decorated with various finishing materials in accordance with overall design premises.
- Supply fan.
This type of air heating design, made with your own hands, is capable of warming up the room well and quickly. At the same time, it is quite possible to integrate climate control devices into such a system, which summer time will perform air conditioning and purification. Air conditioning units are placed both at the top of the room and at the bottom, depending on the selected air heating scheme.
The supply fan forces heated air into the ducts. It is mounted directly under the combustion chamber of the boiler and, equipped with a filter, cleans the air masses from various impurities and dust in order to supply it to the heating point - the heat exchanger. After passing through a network of air ducts, the cooled air returns back to the heat exchanger.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of air heating of a private house?
In general, the advantage of air heating is that it allows you to quickly and efficiently heat your home with great savings. In addition, the advantages include:
- The efficiency of air heating reaches 90%.
- There is no need to install radiators, pipes and the cost of purchasing them.
- Possibility of combining heating and air conditioning.
- Maximum safety due to the use of heated air as a coolant.
- Low cost of such systems.
- The low inertia of air masses allows you to quickly warm up rooms.
- Air heating can be used to heat any premises, regardless of their area and number of floors.
There are also disadvantages. And they are that:
- The air heating system must be installed during the construction of the building.
- Requires constant monitoring and frequent maintenance.
- Forced circulation is volatile, so in case of a power outage, it is necessary to have a backup power source.
Drafting
Like any other air heating system, it also needs a primary design, which for a private home can be done with your own hands. The design and calculations must take into account the following:
Gas heater device
- A heating boiler of appropriate power, which, taking into account heat losses, is capable of heating all rooms.
- The speed of movement of warm air masses.
- The amount of heat a building loses through walls, roof, floors, windows and doors.
- Aerodynamic characteristic, which depends on the cross-section of the air ducts, and is calculated to determine the reduction in air flow pressure.
Before you undertake a thermal engineering calculation, make sure that your knowledge is sufficient for this work, since an incorrectly done project can bring such phenomena as an eternal draft in residential premises, and this is fraught with colds, the constant noise of a working fan and vibration, which will invariably be created in air ducts. And overheating of the heat exchanger can lead to failure of the heating unit itself.
Air heating of a private house involves a ventilation device to replenish the internal space with fresh air and remove exhaust air.
When making thermal engineering calculations, it should be taken into account that the ventilation system supplies about 25% of cooled air from outside to the room.
After the calculations have been carried out, you need to select the location for installing the air ducts. As previously mentioned, they can be located under the ceiling or made in a baseboard design. There are no rules or regulations here. Everyone is free to choose what suits them best. In any case, the air duct sleeves should be located both at the bottom and at the top. Since air masses must circulate, covering the entire space of the room. It is recommended that the outlets of the channels supplying warm air be located where people are most often and for the longest time.
How to install an air heating system
The heating unit must have all the necessary safety monitoring and regulation systems for the combustion process. In addition, temperature sensors are required.
As air ducts, as mentioned above, structures made of galvanized metal, which can be made with your own hands, and flexible metal hoses can be used. The connection between rigid and flexible elements of the air duct is made with special clamps or reinforced tape. The shape of the air ducts is chosen at the request of the home owner.
If you plan to install air conditioners, the air ducts must be covered with a layer of thermal insulation to prevent condensation from appearing on the outer surfaces of the air ducts. Insulation of air ducts can be done with any materials from the line of heat insulators. Experts recommend using self-adhesive materials.
Conclusion
As you can see, it is quite possible to make air heating of your home with your own hands, but thermal calculations should be entrusted to specialists.
Air heating of a private house - do it yourself
Air heating of a private house can be done with your own hands if you first make the correct thermal calculations and install the system during the construction process. K. do-it-yourself air heating of a private house system diagram
Air heating of a house is a heating system in which heated air circulates in the pipeline, evenly distributing thermal energy throughout the building. This is a more efficient alternative to electric or water heating using Canadian technology. An air heating system can be integrated with a ventilation system, supplied with filter components, air conditioners and humidifiers.
Air is a very productive coolant. The most simplified example of an air heating system is a conventional fan heater. Small room This mechanism can warm up in a few minutes. But to organize air heating country house, requires the use of more serious equipment.
The technology for operating a heating system using air is as follows. The heat generator heats air masses that enter the building through a pipe system. Here, air currents mix with the air space of the rooms, thereby increasing the temperature. The cooled air rushes down, from where it enters a special pipeline and is sent through it again to the heat generator for heating.
This heating system for a private home involves the use of specially designed thermoregulation, in which the air is first heated to the required temperature, and then transfers its heat to the room, warming all objects around. Heating of air masses occurs without intermediaries in the form of a system of pipes and batteries, so there is simply no irrational heat loss here.
Such heating is usually used for frame structures, which are widespread in Canada, hence the name of the technology. The fact is that frame buildings, unlike brick buildings, are not able to effectively retain heat from radiators, and heating with air creates an acceptable microclimate with low financial costs.
Advantages and disadvantages of the system
Compared to classic water heating, the air system has many advantages. “Plumber Portal” highlighted the main ones:
- High efficiency. The efficiency of air heating circuits can reach approximately 90%, while the efficiency of water heating is about 65%.
- Possibility to turn the equipment on or off at any time of the year. Stopping the functioning of the heating system even during the period of the most severe frosts will not damage the equipment. You can turn on the air heating system for buildings at any time.
- Low operating cost. There is no need to purchase fuel and install expensive equipment: pipes, radiators, shut-off valves, adapters, etc.
- Possibility of combining heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The result of the connection makes it possible to maintain a comfortable temperature in the building during any season.
- Low system inertia. This factor allows for fairly rapid heating of the home.
- Possibility of installing auxiliary equipment that is used to maintain an optimal microclimate: ionizers, filters, humidifiers, sterilizers, etc. Allows you to select a combination of devices that meet the needs of the residents of a particular building.
- Extremely uniform heating of the room without local heating zones, which eliminates the possibility of temperature changes and their consequences - the appearance of unwanted condensation of water vapor.
- Versatility. Air heating can be used to create comfortable conditions in rooms of any size, located at any level.
If the air heating system is designed correctly, the room warms up very quickly and efficiently. The temperature in the building is controlled using a variety of automatic equipment that regulates the operation of the heating device.
As a result, the country house always has a warm, comfortable atmosphere, and heating costs are reduced. Using an air heating system is easier. Ducts don't clog as often as hot water heating ducts, so they require cleaning less often. For obvious reasons, owners of air heating do not face problems with leaks, freezing and damage to equipment if the boiler stops working in winter.
You should also evaluate the disadvantages that air heating of a cottage has:
- Among the particularly noticeable ones is the energy dependence of the installation. So, if there is a power outage, the heating system will stop functioning.
- Organizing such a system in an already constructed cottage is quite labor-intensive, and not always possible. You cannot simply remove pipes and radiators and install air ducts and grilles in their place, since the arrangement of air heating is based on completely different principles.
- Massive air ducts will take up much more space, and they won’t look very attractive next to the walls. Therefore, they are usually located behind suspended ceilings, covered with false panels, etc.
In fact, such a reorganization of heating will require a thorough overhaul and even reconstruction of the entire building. In addition, the design requires frequent maintenance and monitoring.
Before you start breaking down the walls, you will need to carry out serious engineering calculations. Therefore, it is advisable to install air heating in the cottage at the stage of its construction. And all the required calculations are made during the design of the structure. In this case, you can get a convenient, reliable and highly efficient heating system.
Types of air heating systems
There are several types of organization of air heating; each type is worth familiarizing with for anyone who plans to equip a similar structure in their own country house.
Main types of air heating:
- floor system;
- suspension system;
- with natural circulation;
- With forced circulation;
- direct flow system;
- recirculation system;
- with partial recirculation.
Let's look at the main features of each type.
Based on the location of the air ducts, heating systems can be classified into two groups:
- Floor-standing. Characteristic feature Such a system is considered to have air duct outlets placed in the floor or integrated into the baseboard. Ultimately, a very effective distribution of heated air flows entering the lower sector of the room is formed. The heated air rushes to the top, due to which the air flows mix quite quickly and the building heats up faster.
- Hanging. Such a system implies the presence of integrated ceilings or walls of air ducts, the outlets of which are located strictly in the upper sector of the room. usually under the ceiling. The main drawback of the suspended arrangement is the lower air temperature near the floor than at the top. The warm air flow heats the upper sector of the room faster and more intensely, while the floor remains cool. Therefore, suspension systems are rarely used.
Natural air circulation
The gravity (natural) system is used only in compact structures. It is characterized by inertia, and its main positive thing is a non-volatile circuit. It can function effectively without installing additional electrical devices, so there are savings on equipment.
The natural system involves the movement of air masses according to the following pattern:
- Warm air from a heat source expands and spreads out when it becomes lighter.
- Warm air reduces pressure, and cold masses are drawn into the resulting space.
- The cold masses are heated, and the cycle repeats from the first point.
- Warm masses entering the house displace the cold flow.
- Heating occurs as long as the heater operates.
A significant drawback of gravity-air heating is its limited range. It varies in the range of 8-10 m.
Forced air heating
When using a forced type of air heating, air is taken from the outside, so it is regularly cleaned.
Such home heating is carried out using external source energy to create the required circulation intensity. The principle of operation of the forced scheme is as follows:
- The main heating unit is a fan, which must be installed under the heater.
- Air heated by the heat generator enters the fan, where it is cleaned of debris and microbes.
- Through the fan grilles, air flows into the air ducts and heats the rooms. The air ducts must be insulated if you plan to install an air conditioner in the future, otherwise condensation will accumulate.
Despite the fact that installation is necessary additional equipment, in particular the fan, this system becomes more economical as a result. Due to the increased air exchange rate, the design draws cooled air of a sufficiently high temperature from the room. It simply does not have time to cool down to minimum values. Its secondary heating consumes several times less energy, which overall brings significant cost savings.
According to the method of heat exchange, all air heating systems are divided into three types:
- Straight-through option. The principle of operation is extremely simple. At the bottom of the building, usually in the basement, a heating mechanism is installed that warms the air entering it. The heated air flows are then directed through the air ducts to the heated rooms. Then, after passing through them, they are taken out into the street. So the heat is spent not only on heating the room, but also literally on heating the street. Therefore, the direct-flow option is considered the least effective and costly.
The main advantage of such an installation is complete ventilation of the heated building, so it is used in industrial buildings where good ventilation is necessary. In this case, the system is supplemented with recovery equipment. For example, a heat exchanger that allows you to use part of the thermal energy coming out to heat the supply air masses. This way operating costs can be reduced slightly.
- Recirculation system. The room is heated in a closed cycle. First, the air flows are heated by a heat generator and move through the pipes into the room. Here the air smoothly cools and falls to the floor, where the inlets of the exhaust air ducts are located. Having landed in them, the cooled air mass moves to the heat generator, where it is heated again and the cycle repeats.
This scheme is considered the most effective, since heat loss is almost eliminated. Its main disadvantage is considered to be the low quality of air circulating inside heated buildings. For this reason, it is usually used for heating production or storage facilities. If a similar scheme is used in residential cottages, it is necessary to install additional equipment - an ionizer and a humidifier.
- Scheme with partial recirculation. This design makes it possible to eliminate the main flaw of the recirculation scheme - low air quality. To do this, auxiliary ventilation equipment is connected to it, which captures outside air and mixes it in the required proportions with the air masses circulating inside the building.
The system is characterized by extreme flexibility and can operate in several modes: as ventilation, as heating or as a combined heating and ventilation system. At the same time, it is capable of taking in any required volume of air, warming or even cooling it to the required temperature. A system with partial recirculation is the most optimal for organizing air heating in a private home.
Sources of thermal energy
Heat sources for air heating come in three types:
- Earth-air. Soil below freezing point all year round stores a high temperature, and the deeper it lies, the higher it is. This heat can be used continuously if a horizontal collector and several depth probes are lowered.
- Air-to-air. A typical representative of such heating systems are ducted air conditioners. Their principle of operation is based on the exit of hot air from the heat pump and its subsequent movement to all rooms through interconnected air ducts.
- Water-air. This heat source is used in case of shallow burial groundwater. When operating such a complex, it is necessary to dig a well and lower the heat exchanger probe into it. This scheme is used when there is a non-freezing reservoir next to the building, since the whole essence of the process is tied to stable access to water. This makes the use of such a heating system very rare.
List of air heating equipment
To organize an effective home heating system using air, you need to install the necessary equipment:
- Heat generator. Its role can be a water heater, a gas air heater, a heat gun or a solar radiator. One of these devices will become a source of thermal energy.
- Heat exchanger. The function of this device is to heat the air; it does not allow mixing of coolant with gas. It is also called a recuperator and economizer. Its installation is mandatory for large systems.
- Air ducts. Through them, heated air flows are supplied to separate rooms. They are produced in square, rectangular and round sections, and are presented in certain standard sizes. Combining them with each other is not difficult, so installation can be done independently.
- The filter, which acts as a freshener and humidifier, can keep the air clean.
- An automatic system for monitoring the temperature in the building, it controls the operation of the heat generator.
- Air conditioner. It is introduced into the system and used in the summer.
The design of the heat generator also includes: a burner, a combustion chamber and a heater. Cool air enters the heat exchanger from under the fan. Energy is released in the combustion chamber, which heats the air in the heat exchanger. The burner can burn any fuel, regardless of what type of heat exchanger is used in the heating system. If necessary, the burner can be replaced.
How to calculate air heating?
Before calculating, it is necessary to take into account some important factors, affecting the correctness of calculations:
- Heat losses are calculated separately for each room.
- An aerodynamic calculation must be made for the entire heating system.
- The choice of power and type of heater depends on the calculated heat loss.
- The amount of air received is calculated depending on the power of the heater.
- You will need to accurately calculate the cross-section of the air channels.
The accuracy of the calculated data will also be affected by:
- wall thickness and material;
- the number of residents who will be permanently in the house;
- the number of window openings and their total area;
- power and heat transfer of additional heat sources.
The calculation characteristics also depend on whether ventilation system or not, so next we will consider both options.
Calculation of heating without ventilation. To calculate heat loss through walls, windows, roofing and floors, the following formula is used:
Q = 1/R * (tв - tн) * S, Where
R is the heat transfer resistance of the structure’s enclosure, that is, a wall, window, floor or roof (m?*?C/W); tв - internal air temperature; tn - outside air temperature; S is the area of the structure fencing.
To use this formula, you first need to find out the heat transfer resistance. The following formula is used for calculation:
R = ? / ?, Where
? – thickness of the structure (m); ? – coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material, W/(m*?С).
When the heat losses of all fences are calculated, the indicators should be added up and the optimal power of the heating system can be calculated at which heat losses through the walls, floor, windows and roof can be compensated.
According to the simplified calculation method, it is generally accepted that per 1 sq.m. 40W boiler power is quite enough. However, for each individual region of the country it is necessary to apply a partial coefficient. For example, for the northern regions it is 1.5-2. If the building has a standard ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 meters, then when calculating, you can adhere to the following values: per 10 sq.m. – 1 kW.
Calculation of heating with ventilation. In this case, to the value obtained above, you need to add thermal energy, which will be spent on heating supply air. It is calculated using the following formula:
Q = c * m (tв - tн), Where
m - mass of supply air (kg); With - specific heat air sweep (W/(kg*?C)). The coefficient is 0.28.
How to make air heating with your own hands?
After receiving all the necessary calculations, you can begin preparing for the installation of the chosen system, because it is not so difficult to organize air heating of a private house with your own hands. First you need to draw a diagram of the approximate passage of the air ducts and their connections to each other.
Having drawn an approximate procedure for connecting the system, it is better to discuss it with professionals, even if you already have personal experience in this matter, so that an outsider can give an objective assessment and find hidden flaws that can lead to vibration, drafts and extraneous noise during operation of the equipment.
An experienced expert can help you choose suitable model a heat generator that can provide heating of the air to the required temperature and does not overheat during intense activity. If the unit is quite large, it is better to allocate a separate extension adjacent to the house for it.
There are two types of thermal generators:
- Stationary. They usually use gas fuel; due to their impressive dimensions and for safety reasons, they must be installed exclusively in separate rooms. They are mainly used for heating huge buildings; they are also often placed in factory workshops.
- Mobile. Convenient for those who have dachas and country cottages, they are more compact than their stationary counterparts. Their combustion chamber is isolated, but to ensure safety, these structures must be located in rooms with a built-in smoke exhaust system. This type is also known as a heater type.
The process of self-installation of air heating equipment consists of several stages:
- Install the boiler and heat exchanger. The first one is almost always installed in the basement. It is prohibited to connect its gas version on your own; this must be agreed upon with the relevant services.
- Make holes in the wall of the room where the heat exchanger is located for the outlet of the air exhaust hose.
- Connect the heat exchanger to the air supply pipe.
- Install a fan under the combustion chamber. Lead to it outside return pipe.
- Carry out the wiring of air vents and their fastening. Typically, they are selected with a round cross-section; special brackets need to be selected for it.
- Connect the supply ducts and return air duct and insulate them.
It is relatively easy to equip the system with your own hands, but it is unlikely that you will be able to carry out all the calculations correctly. Possible errors will lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the structure, constant drafts and other unpleasant consequences. Therefore, it is better to get a professionally prepared project and, if desired, implement it yourself.
Air heating of a house is an effective and profitable heating method, which is characterized by greater productivity in comparison with traditional water and gas systems. An air heating system can significantly improve the quality of life in a private home. This heating option is one of the safest, most economical, extremely durable and reliable systems. Therefore, it is becoming more and more in demand.
Ecology of consumption. Science and technology: How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it?
How to organize air heating of a cottage or warehouse? What equipment is needed for this? What can serve as a source of thermal energy and how to distribute heat from it? Let's try to figure it out.
Quite an unusual type of boiler room, right?
WHAT IT IS
Strictly speaking, this category includes all heating methods without the mediation of a coolant. This includes heat guns, and air conditioners in heating mode, and conventional fan heaters. In established terminology, however, air heating equipment is a rather limited list of devices designed to heat air and supply it to air ducts.
The heat source can be either electricity or the combustion of gas, diesel fuel or waste oil. We will not limit ourselves in our choice to any limits and will try to consider the most practical schemes for implementing air heating, regardless of how the corresponding devices are positioned on the market.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
It's worth doing a little lyrical digression. The disadvantages and advantages will still have to be discussed in relation to classic scheme: the heat source is in the same room; in all others, warm air is distributed through air ducts. However: in practice, for large rooms without partitions (for a garage, greenhouses or workshop), either several heat sources are used, or one with air flows directed using dampers. Distributing warm air with sleeves is simply not required.
ADVANTAGES
- Low inertia. After starting the air heaters, the room will warm up in a matter of minutes. For comparison: with convection heating of a house with the mediation of a coolant, it can take up to two hours for the water in the radiators to reach an acceptable temperature.
- Relatively cheap. Air heating boilers do not differ in cost from those intended for water heating systems; but the wiring is noticeably cheaper. Aluminum sleeve and ventilation grille are not comparable in cost to a radiator, pipe and fittings for it.
- Low temperature resistance. Air heating production premises You can safely stop it overnight and not be afraid of defrosting pipes and radiators.
- Lightweight hidden installation. Water heating implies that at least the radiators or convectors themselves remain visible. Yes, there are also in-floor heating convectors; but try drowning them in a concrete ceiling in a city apartment. But raising the floor by the required few centimeters is not always possible with the height of the ceilings, and the amount of work involved will be quite considerable.
- Combined with ventilation. Moreover: air heat pumps For heating, air conditioning can be provided if necessary.
The diagram shows the direction of air flows when the climate control system is operating for heating.
- Easy to start. Air heating does not require lengthy balancing of radiators, bleeding air from the expansion tank and radiators, adjusting the operating pressure in the heating system and other tedious procedures. To be fair: balancing is performed only at the first start, and the problem of bleeding air will be solved automatically air valve heating. It will independently allow the air to escape and block the path of the coolant.
FLAWS
In essence, there is only one serious problem. If the exhaust ventilation in a room can be easily located under the ceiling, where it will not disturb anyone, then the installation of air heating is carried out so that the flow of warm air is as close to the floor as possible. In this case, it is possible to provide efficient distribution heat by convection at low air flow speed.
Yes, you can pump air from under the ceiling with a powerful flow, and it will also effectively warm the room; but would you like a constant draft in your bedroom or living room? And since the air flow is located below, it means that the air ducts will either have to be hidden behind decorative coating walls, reducing the useful volume of the room, or laid under the finished floor, between the logs. Useful: a relatively small decorative box made of plasterboard can be a solution. When distributing warm air to the ceiling, you will have to ensure a sufficiently high flow rate.
HOWEVER
Heating with an air conditioner or heat pump allows you to bypass all the problems associated with distributing warm air. An air heating project may include several independent devices, or a so-called multi-split system - one external unit and several internal ones. The mains are much thinner than air ducts, and they can be easily located under the ceiling.
HEAT SOURCES
What heat sources can heat generators use for air heating?
SOLID FUEL BOILERS
Perhaps the most popular stove for air heating is Buleryan. The manufacturer's name has long become a household name for all pyrolysis furnaces with heat exchanger pipes that provide natural circulation of heated air. The stove is located anywhere in the house. A boiler room is not necessary for it: in the living room it will not spoil the design of the room with its appearance and will not pollute the air with combustion products. In principle, buleryan is able to warm up a house with a rather complex configuration of rooms and due to natural circulation; however, if necessary, hot air from it is distributed by aluminum air ducts with natural or forced circulation through several rooms or floors. It is not at all difficult to install an air heating system with buleryan with your own hands.
The instructions are simple:
- We install the stove in any place where it will not interfere and there is an opportunity to store a daily supply of firewood nearby.
- We fasten the aluminum air ducts from above to the pipes encircling the firebox with heat-resistant aluminum tape.
- At the bottom we attach short sections of the same air ducts with duct fans fixed in them.
- We distribute the hoses from the stove to the rooms that are planned to be heated.
Here the wiring is made with a more expensive sandwich pipe, which also has better thermal insulation properties. A very interesting alternative is air-heated fireplaces. An ordinary fireplace uselessly releases most of the heat with combustion products; here, the thermal energy produced during fuel combustion is used to heat the air in a cast iron or steel casing. Then everything is familiar to us: the air is distributed through the air duct system to the rooms.
GAS BOILERS AND CLIMATE COMPLEXES BASED ON THEM
They are used both as a separate device that provides heat to the house, and as part of a climate complex. In the first case, the operation scheme is quite simple: the boiler, burning gas, heats the heat exchanger through which air is forced. Then it is distributed to the premises. Solutions of the second type include, along with the boiler, additional equipment:
- Heat recovery system;
- Air conditioning system (usually a ducted air conditioner serves as this);
- Humidifier;
- Ultraviolet cleaner, which disinfects the air circulating around the house;
- Filter for collecting dust.
The project will, of course, not be cheap. The domestic climate system Antares Comfort, for example, boasts a cost of approximately 3,000 rubles per square meter serviced area, which for a cottage with an area of 150 square meters will result in a very impressive 10-odd thousand euros. For comparison: heating equipment from the famous American manufacturer Goodman costs 1300 - 1500 rubles per square meter. This is also the cost of a turnkey complex, but it only provides heating. Of course, the manufacturer is ready to offer comprehensive solutions at a higher price. Curious: Gas boilers for air heating Goodman GMS, GDS and GMP have a very low temperature of combustion products at the outlet - only about 40C, which allows the use of... plastic ventilation pipes as a chimney.
ELECTRIC AIR HEATING SYSTEMS
The simplest and most inexpensive electric air heating system is a conventional fan heater. Consuming a power of about 2 kilowatts, it quickly heats the air, driving it through a hot spiral. Alas, in addition to low energy efficiency, such a scheme worsens the composition of the air in the room, burning oxygen. Various heat guns and electric convectors with blowing of a low-temperature heat exchanger are already more interesting. They, when combined with heat recovery systems, can already create a completely comfortable climate in the house. Energy costs will be slightly less than when using an electric boiler. However, direct heating systems are still too expensive. Fortunately, air source heat pumps have been available for heating for many years, the simplest of which is the conventional window air conditioner. They spend heat not on heating the air, but on pumping heat from a colder street. As an option, pumps can remove heat from water or soil. The source of low-grade heat can be any. The operating principle of the pump is common to all implementations.
Let's look at the basic operating diagrams of air source heat pumps. More precisely, the heat sources in them.
GROUND-AIR
In the soil below the freezing level, the temperature is constant all year round and increases with increasing depth. It is enough to immerse several deep probes or a horizontal collector into the ground - and you can extract heat to heat the air in the house all year round. Geothermal pumps are the most versatile. Their main problem is the high cost of both the device itself and its installation.
WATER-AIR
If you have a high level of flowing groundwater, the task is greatly simplified. Simply put, it is enough to dig a shallow well and immerse a heat exchanger probe into it. The same scheme can be used if there is an ice-free natural body of water nearby. The limitation is clear and obvious: water is not available everywhere.
AIR-AIR
Here we see two main categories of devices. Multi-split systems are used to maintain climate in small houses. The limitation is due to the fact that the length of the line cannot be infinitely large: the compressor must pump freon through the tubes, and the pipe walls offer noticeable resistance to it. Duct air conditioners are a typical, canonical air heating system. From one indoor unit of the heat pump, air is distributed through air ducts throughout all rooms. In this sector of the market in Russia, primarily Japanese manufacturers - Daikin and Mitsubishi - offer their products. Somewhat less often you can find American Lennox and Carrier.
The function of the external unit is to cool the surrounding air and transport thermal energy inside the house. a common problem devices - the dependence of their efficiency on the outside temperature.
It is worth mentioning: the exact calculation of air heating - combined with ventilation or carried out separately - is carried out by specialists, taking into account a long number of factors: Material and thickness of the walls; Number and area of windows; The number of people who will be in the room; Amount and power of additional heat sources, etc. The simplified scheme is the same as for other heating systems: 40 watts of thermal power per cubic meter of heated room. For regions of the Far North, taking into account extremely low winter temperatures, a coefficient of 1.5-2.0 is taken. For houses with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 meters, you can start from the area: 1 kW per 10 m2. published
Along with traditional water heating using radiators, air heating systems are becoming increasingly common in private construction. Air heating is especially relevant in private cottages of large area and number of floors, or where the requirements for the interior of the premises are increased. In the first case, traditional systems lose efficiency, and in the second, the installation of batteries is not allowed. IN this material We will cover the topic of how you can arrange air heating in a private house on your own.
Where to begin?
It is recommended to carry out the idea of air heating in stages, carefully checking your work, because the cost of a mistake is too high. Of course, it is best to do this at the stage of designing a home, but if desired, this can also be implemented on the finished property. The sequence is:
- Carrying out calculations of the thermal power required to heat a house.
- Choosing an air heating system.
- Scheme development.
After going through these stages, you will select and purchase equipment, and then move on to installation work which you can do yourself or with the help of specialized organizations.
Advice. Based on the results of your work, it is recommended to consult with specialists involved in the design of such systems. This will help clarify many nuances and also check your calculations.
Air heating calculation
Before performing the calculation, you should know that air heating can be combined with ventilation. The progress of the calculations will depend on this, but in any case, the heat losses through the external walls, windows, roofing and floors for each room are first determined. To do this, use the formula given for the wall:
Qwalls = 1/Rwalls x (tв – tн) x Swalls, Where:
- Rwalls – heat transfer resistance, (m2 ºС / W);
- Swalls – wall area within the premises under consideration, m2;
- tв and tн – respectively, the temperature of the internal and external air.
The same formula is used to calculate heat loss from windows and other enclosing structures. Knowing the materials from which these structures are built or will be built, the heat transfer resistance R is calculated for each of them:
R = δ/λ, Here:
- δ – thickness of the structure in meters;
- λ – thermal conductivity coefficient of the material, W/(m ºС). This value is a reference value; it is easy to find in the technical literature.
Obtained values for all building structures, protecting the room from external environment, add up and get the amount of thermal power of the heating system to compensate for losses through these structures. If it is necessary to calculate air heating combined with a ventilation system, then the thermal energy spent on heating the supply air is added to the resulting value. It is calculated using the formula:
Qvent = cm (tв – tн), Where:
- Qvent – energy spent on heating the supply air, W;
- m – mass of supply air, kg;
- tв and tн – temperature of internal and external air;
- с – specific heat capacity air mixture, is equal to 0.28 W / (kg ºС).
To perform further calculations of the air heating system, you need to find out the mass of the air mixture m (kg). To do this, its quantity per m3 is first determined, after which it is multiplied by the density; its values at different temperatures are given in technical reference books. Supply air quantity for living rooms is taken according to their volume, which corresponds to the frequency of exchange 1 time per hour.
Air heating systems
Any do-it-yourself air heating of a private house can be divided into local and centralized. The first type includes all devices that heat the air within one room. These are electric fan heaters, split systems, local air supply units and other similar devices. Centralized systems characterized by the presence of one heat source - a boiler. The energy it produces is transferred to the coolant and distributed among the rooms different ways(using air ducts or pipes with coolant).
Depending on the heating method, the air heating system of a private house can be of several types:
- with full recirculation;
- with partial recirculation;
- direct flow;
- direct flow with heat recovery.
The principle on which a recirculating heating circuit works is to circulate indoor air through an electric or other heater without adding fresh air from outside. An example of such a heater is the same split system, fan heater or fan coil of a centralized installation.
Note. The exception is air conditioners and fan coil units with the function of mixing supply air.
If the owner of the home wants to use heating with full recirculation, then he will have to worry about ventilation in the building separately. Typically used in this situation supply and exhaust ventilation with natural urge. Partial recirculation allows you to combine these two systems - heating and ventilation - into one. In this case, devices that heat the air masses inside capture part of the air from the street, clean it, heat it and mix it with recirculation air. Then you don’t need to worry about additional inflow, you just need to provide an additional supply of thermal energy to heat the outside air that occurs in air heating systems.
With direct flow circuit required amount air mixture from outside is heated in a heat exchanger ventilation unit and served inside, while exhaust system it simply throws the exhaust air out. The inlet temperature is calculated in such a way that the thermal energy supplied with it is sufficient to compensate for losses through the external fences. For example, if the room requires a temperature of 20 ºС, then the direct-flow heating system will heat the inflow to 25-30 ºС to compensate for heat loss.
An example of direct-flow systems are local air supply units built into walls or air heating boilers, the heat from which is distributed throughout the house using air ducts. Considering that direct flow is not the most economical solution, then heat exchangers - recuperators - began to be used to extract heat from the exhaust air; in them, energy is transferred from the exhaust flow to the supply air, as a result of which 50-60% less heat is spent on heating the latter.
Air source heat pumps for heating
In recent years, the use of heat pumps as heat sources instead of boiler systems has become relevant. This applies to installations that extract thermal energy from the surrounding air, whose cost is becoming increasingly affordable.
For reference. There are geothermal heat pumps that use the energy of the earth, but their cost in our time cannot be called affordable.
The principle by which a house is heated with an air pump is very similar to the operation of a split heating system. In fact, air whose temperature is above absolute zero contains thermal energy, so this device takes it away, cooling the air masses outside even more. The resulting heat is transferred internal air and distributed throughout the home. It should be noted that this method is the most effective among all existing ones. The energy costs for operating fans and compressors account for only a third of the amount of heat extracted from the air. Therefore, a heat pump for heating a cottage is the most The best decision, although the most expensive.
Conclusion
Once the type of system has been selected, you will need an air heating diagram for your home. It is better to develop it with the help of specialists, since you will need to optimally lay pipelines and air ducts, as well as select the right equipment, which has considerable cost.
Air heating in the private sector is less common in Russia, but currently there are more and more houses with air heating.
Air heating differs from water heating in that it does not have an intermediate coolant - water circulating through pipes, and the air is heated directly in the air heater. Fast heating of rooms and minimal energy consumption are the main advantages of an air heating system.
The air supplied through the duct into the air heater from the room or outside is heated to the required temperature and supplied through the supply ducts to rooms throughout the house.
The cost of an air heating system is comparable to the cost of a water heating system , however, in fact, taking into account the emerging opportunities the final cost of air heating can significantly exceed the cost of water heating.
When choosing air heating, the following equipment is often additionally ordered:
- humidifier;
- fine air filter;
- ultraviolet air sterilizer;
- zonal air temperature control kits;
- ducted air conditioner for cooling the air in the house;
- programmable temperature controller.
Average,air heating cost at home with simple air filtration area from 150 to 400m2 can varyfrom 250 to 650 thousand rubles.
How does a home's air heating and air conditioning system work?
Almost any air heating system for a private home consists of the following main elements:
- Air heater gas or liquid fuel (diesel) with thermal power up to 35-37 kW;
- Thermostat, often programmable, allowing you to set different operating modes of the air heater;
- Air filter;
- Humidifier;
- UV air sterilizer (as an option);
- Metal air ducts for air distribution;
Together with the air heating system, as a rule, an air conditioning system is installed, which provides cooling and air supply to the premises and is integrated into the air heating system.
The air conditioning system consists of the following elements:
The external unit (condenser) of the air conditioner, as a rule, is one for the whole house;
- Internal unit (evaporator or cooler), often installed directly on the air heater;
- Freon pipes connecting the external and internal units;
Both air heating and air conditioning systems operate with a common ductwork system, a thermostat, and one common supply fan that supplies warm or cooled air and is installed in the air heater.
Right choice
Right choice Air heating systems for your home can give you not only lower energy bills, but also a more comfortable living environment.One of the most important aspects Something to consider when choosing a heating system is size. The biggest heating system is not always the best. A heating system that is too large cycles on and off frequently, creating short heating cycles and causing it to use more energy than necessary. A heating system that constantly oscillates between on and off will never achieve maximum performance and will break down faster.
To avoid this situation, it is necessary to make a correct calculation of heat loss.
This calculation takes into account the number and types of windows in your home, the size of your home, the orientation of your home to the sun, and the number of levels of insulation in ceilings, walls and floors.
Equipment for air heating at home
Why heat your entire home at once?
It is better to heat different areas of the house in different ways. This can be achieved in two ways.
The first method involves placing temperature sensors for each zone in the house. An electrically driven mechanical damper will direct the flow of heated air into different zones home, depending on the individual needs of each zone, and not on the house as a whole.
The second method of zone heating is to have two separate heating systems, each regulating a different zone of the home. Each system will naturally have its own thermostat. This is of course more expensive, but much more economical over long-term use. System zoning can save homeowners up to 30% on heating and air conditioning costs.
Efficiency is key
When choosing a home heating system, focus on equipment with maximum efficiency. The higher the efficiency, the more efficient system heating. The main fan motor blows air through the duct into the rooms in the house.
Many new furnace models use electronically controlled motors (ECM). They are much more efficient than conventional electric motors.
Electricity consumption when starting ECM electric motors is approximately 5 times more economical than a conventional engine. In addition, this type of electric motor operates significantly quieter than a conventional electric motor, which is important when operating air heaters in air heating.
