Typical technological map for installation and
installation internal systems ventilation and
air conditioning with supply and exhaust
installations and equipment systems
refrigeration

Typical technological map
(TTK)

Project code: 1012/40

Explanatory note

2012

1. GENERAL DATA

This technological map has been developed for the installation and installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems with supply and exhaust units and equipment for refrigeration systems in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings.

The technological map has been compiled taking into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a diameter and larger side size of up to 2000 mm should be made:

Spiral-lock or straight-seam on folds;

Spiral-welded or straight-seam welded.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side size of more than 2000 mm should be made of panels (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts made of metal plastic should be made on seams, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as sheet aluminum and its alloys - on seams or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on seams, with a thickness from 1.5 to 2 mm - on seams or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal folds on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct section spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or dowels.

Seams on air ducts, regardless of metal thickness and manufacturing method, must be made with a cutoff.

The end sections of seam seams at the ends of air ducts and in the air distribution openings of plastic air ducts must be secured with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Seam seams must have the same width along their entire length and be uniformly tightly seated.

There should be no cross-shaped seam connections in seam ducts, as well as in cutting charts.

On straight sections of rectangular air ducts with a side cross-section of more than 400 mm, rigidities should be structurally made in the form of bends (zigs) with a pitch of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (zigs). With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external rigidity frames in increments of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fastened with spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

On metal-plastic air ducts, the stiffening frames must be installed using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, ensuring operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other using ridges, folds, welding, and rivets.

Elements of shaped parts made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other using folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or mixed with explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

For round ducts wafer-type method (nipple/coupling), bandage connection or on flanges;

For rectangular air ducts: tire (large/small) or on flanges. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fastening the tire to the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the transported medium), spot welding, grooving every 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

The flanges on the air ducts should be secured by flanging with a persistent ridge, welding, spot welding, rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm or self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the transported medium), placed every 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) must be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including internal surfaces flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement plant in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be equipped with parts for connecting them and means of fastening.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-leg sling

The lifted load should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units), two guys should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of an autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the air duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts must be equipped.

The installation of an on-site air duct warehouse must satisfy the following basic requirements:

Be located near access roads highways or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

Be at a minimum distance from the installation site, if possible within the reach of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with construction and installation work;

Air duct storage areas must be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° for outlet surface waters, covered with draining sand or gravel, and in necessary cases- have ditches;

Walkways, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (including winter time- from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with work safety and fire protection requirements;

Barrier posts must be installed in the corners of the open warehouse, warning signs for vehicle drivers and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the cargo receiver must be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current standards and in compliance with the following requirements:

Air ducts of rectangular cross-section must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Air ducts round section should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

During storage, each air duct should be placed on wooden stock pads;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages with a width of at least 1 m must be left between the stacks; Every three stacks there should be passages for vehicles 3 m wide.

Air ducts are moved across the floors of multi-storey buildings using lifting and transport equipment or manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Installation

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012, SP 48.13330.2011, SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, standards and instructions of equipment manufacturers, as well as in accordance with fire safety requirements SP 7.13130.2009.

Installation must be carried out using industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied complete in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out when the object (occupancy) is ready for construction in the amount of:

For industrial buildings - the entire building with a volume of up to 5000 m3 and part of the building with a volume of over 5000 m3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or several sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another installation arrangement is possible depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Air duct installation

The method of installation of air ducts should be selected depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), location relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the intertruss space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-story, industrial, public and etc.).

As shaped parts of complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in suspended ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, parts made from flexible hoses in the mounted position must have a minimum degree of compression.

Installation metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking installation locations for air duct fastening devices;

Installation of fastening means;

Coordination with builders of the location and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site;

Checking the completeness and quality of the delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and securing it;

Installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of connection of the air ducts, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes for organizing the work area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. - .

Rice. 9. Scheme of organizing the work area during installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of organizing the working area when installing horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct unit; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan installation

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the installation site;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging a fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Installation of the fan (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Fastening the fan to supporting structures;

Checking the fan operation.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control must be carried out in accordance with the operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of refrigeration system equipment

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems to design air flow rates, the following should be done:

Check the compliance of the actual execution of ventilation and air conditioning systems with the design documentation and requirements SP 73.13330.2012 ;

Testing fans when operating them in a network, checking compliance with actual technical characteristics passport data, including: air consumption and total pressure, rotation speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow rate and resistance of dust collection devices;

Checking the action exhaust devices natural ventilation;

Testing and adjusting the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local suction, air exchange in rooms and determining leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow indicators from those provided for in the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - in terms of air flow passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air pressure (rarefaction) is ensured in the room;

Up to +8% - in terms of air flow, removed through local suction and supplied through shower pipes.

A passport is issued in two copies for each ventilation and air conditioning system (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Testing of refrigeration systems

Testing of water refrigeration systems must be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off using the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 operating pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf/cm 2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is considered to have passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf/cm2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of the construction organization or attracted from outside, equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

Quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, starting from project development and ending with its implementation at the facility on the basis of design and production plans and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming inspection working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

During the incoming inspection of working documentation, its completeness and the sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the execution of work are checked.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, an external inspection checks their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and marks. The connection of air ducts to process equipment must be made after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed so that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards the drainage devices.

Gaskets between tires or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or monolithic rubber with a thickness of 4 - 5 mm, polymer mastic rope (PMZ) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C) move .

To seal wafer-free air duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the “Gerlen” type - for air ducts through which air moves at temperatures up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Mastic like “Buteprol”, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, and all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When installing bolts vertically, the nuts should generally be located on the underside of the joint.

Fastening of air ducts should be carried out in accordance with the working documentation.

Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer band connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameter of a round duct or the size of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with a diameter of a round duct or a larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fastenings of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round sections with a diameter of up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection with a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

The distances between the fastenings of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional sizes, as well as non-insulated air ducts of a round cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular cross-section with a larger side of more than 2,000 mm, must be specified in the working documentation.

Fastening of the nipple (coupling) should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm or self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm every 150 - 200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

The clamps must fit tightly around the metal air ducts.

The fastenings of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in the interfloor ceilings.

The fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside rooms with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of a building must be determined by the working documentation.

Attaching guy wires and hangers directly to the air duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of adjustable suspensions must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended air ducts must be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Air ducts must be reinforced so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, must be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, density and durability.

Vibration isolating flexible inserts should be installed immediately prior to individual testing.

When making straight sections of air ducts from polymer film, bends of the air ducts are allowed no more than 15°.

To pass through enclosing structures, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film must be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings should be 10% larger than the diameter of the air duct. Steel rings should be secured using wire or a plate with a cutout to a supporting cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and secured to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To prevent longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Operational control map for installation of metal air ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fastening devices, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking installation locations for air duct fastening devices	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette I= 10 m Cord Plumb M = 200 g	Constant 100%
Drilling holes in building structures	Drilling depth	Steel meter	Constant 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly of air duct parts, control and air distribution devices into larger units on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the design. Tightness of connections		Visually. Constant 100%
Lifting to the design level and interconnecting enlarged air duct units with preliminary fastening	The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures. Verticality of risers. No kinks or curvature on straight sections of air ducts	Plumb M= 200 g	Visually Constant 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fastening	Horizontal installation of air ducts and compliance with slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. The density of coverage of the air duct with clamps. Reliability and appearance fastenings	Metal meter, tape measureI= 10 m, level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Day off 100%. Visually

3.2. Requirements for the quality of fan installation work

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base installed on foundations must be secured with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform settlement. Vibration isolators do not need to be attached to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. The elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must coincide with the corresponding elements of the fan unit frame.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit tightly against the sound-insulating gaskets.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the diameter of the impeller.

Radial fan shafts must be installed horizontally (shafts roof fans- vertically), the vertical walls of centrifugal fan casings should not have distortions or slopes.

Gaskets for multiple fan shrouds should be made of the same material as the duct gaskets for that system.

Electric motors must be accurately aligned with the installed fans and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans when driven by a belt must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must coincide. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements.

The electric motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact along the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The fan suction opening, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected with a metal mesh with a mesh size of no more than 70x70 mm.

Table 2. Operational control chart for installation of centrifugal fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components		Constant 100%.
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal level of foundation, frame	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%
Installing fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Vertical on the pulley, horizontal on the shaft	Plumb M= 200 g	Constant 100%
Assembling fans on the frame: installing the fan frame, installing the lower part of the fan casing, installing the turbine with fastening its frame to the frame, installing the inlet pipe	Fastening strength. The gap between the edge of the front impeller disk and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength	Ruler	Visually. Constant 100%
Installing the upper part of the casing and connecting the individual parts of the fan casing to the flanges	Tightness of connection		Visually. Constant 100%
Adjustment and final fastening of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniform settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of attachment of vibration isolators to the frame		Visually. Constant 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct turbine wheel position		Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand (when scrolling, the marks should not coincide)
Installing the skid and electric motor on the skid	Parallelism of the sled. Strength of fastening of the electric motor to the skid. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and electric motor shafts. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Installing the skid and electric motor on the skid		Cord
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt drive guard	Alignment of grooves for V-belts of fan and electric motor pulleys. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Constant 100%
Connecting air ducts to a fan with installation of flexible inserts	Tightness of connections. No sagging in flexible inserts		Visually. Constant 100%

Table 3. Operational control chart for installation of axial fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	Quality (no mechanical damage), completeness		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installation of the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Vertical, horizontal	Plumb M= 200 g	Visually. Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and the shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller	Ruler	Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of the fan complete with electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (no mechanical damage)		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the horizontality of the support flange of the glass	Horizontal	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%
Connecting a self-opening valve to a fan	Ease of valve movement		Constant 100%. Visually, testing by hand
Installing the fan housing on the glass and securing it with anchor bolts	Strength of fan attachment to supporting structures. Shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	Plumb M= 200 g	Constant 100%. Visually Testing by hand
		Ruler	Constant 100%
Checking the fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation		Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners must be assembled on gaskets made of rubber tape 3 - 4 mm thick, supplied complete with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions or slopes.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the “Closed” position, tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other must be ensured.

The supports of chamber units and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as shaped parts of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in suspended ceilings and chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not permitted.

Fastening of fan coil units, closers, split systems should be done in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers.

4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Installation ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the safety, sanitation and occupational hygiene requirements established by building codes and labor safety rules in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, heads of organizations are required to provide training and instructions on occupational safety in the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination without contraindications for performing work at height, who have professional skills and have undergone training are allowed to perform work at height safe methods and work methods and received the appropriate certificate.

To perform independent steeplejack work in accordance with the List of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during the performance of which the use of labor by persons under eighteen years of age is prohibited, persons (workers and technical workers) who are at least 18 years old, who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having experience in steeplejack work for at least one year and tariff category not lower than third.

Workers admitted to steeplejack work for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instruction and testing of knowledge of safe work rules with registration in a special journal and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to carry out electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to perform electric welding work at height.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, been trained in the rules of using the tool, labor safety, and have an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with electrified tools, and for connecting and disconnecting electrical points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each instrument must have an accounting number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repair of electrified tools is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of the construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (no short circuit to the body, insulation of the supply wires and handles, condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle speed.

Responsibility for proper organization Safe conduct of work at the site is the responsibility of the work manufacturer and the foreman.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication, to the territory of the construction site, production, sanitary premises and workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out in accordance with the work permit for work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a work plan, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of the specified documents, installation work is prohibited.

The order of installation determined by the work project must be such that the previous operation completely eliminates the possibility of industrial hazards when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and parts of equipment for ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There should be no people under the mounted elements. A suspended air duct or a block of air ducts must not be secured to trusses, floors and other building structures in places not provided for by the work design.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

Alignment of flange holes when connecting air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the flanges being connected with your fingers.

Hemp rope guys should be used to prevent the duct blocks being lifted from swinging or twisting.

Work on installing ventilation ducts may only be carried out with working tools. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, and have no bevels on the edges or burrs on the handle. Do not unscrew or tighten nuts with a wrench that is large (compared to the head) with a pad. metal plates between the edges of the nut and the key, as well as extend spanners by connecting another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night must be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. Work in unlit areas is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, provision should be made for the installation of fasteners to which the air duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

Exploitation construction machines(lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including Maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of the manufacturers. The operation of lifting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 “Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes”.

Places where open arc electric welding work is performed must be fenced off using fireproof screens, shields, etc.

When carrying out electric welding work in the open air, canopies made of fireproof materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work should be stopped during rain or snowfall.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding under the welding site in places where people pass, it is necessary to install a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20°, as well as regardless of the slope on wet and frost- or snow-covered roofs, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with cross bars for supporting the legs; ladders must be secured during operation.

Loading and unloading operations should be performed in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be performed mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Loads should be lifted manually in exceptional cases, observing the standards established by current documents.

When loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts, containers should be used. While lifting, lowering or moving a container, workers must not be on or inside it, or on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of cargo should be done in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation components, and equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger when performing work, passages are not cramped, and it is possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. It is necessary to ensure the correct placement of equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m 2 of floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks no more than 2.5 m high on gaskets and pads. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on supports.

Storage area for workpieces and ventilation equipment at construction site must be fenced and located in the area of an active load-lifting crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water drainage, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paints and other materials are allowed to be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift requirements. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and in warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and passages, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and loading and unloading equipment serving the warehouse or site, must be provided.

Managers of installation organizations are required to provide workers, engineers and employees with special clothing, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineers without protective helmets and other necessary funds personal protective equipment is not allowed for installation of air ducts.

When working at height, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees receiving personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict adherence to occupational safety requirements according to:

No.	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials	Brand	Unit change	Quantity
	Spray gun with a capacity of 600 m 3 /h	SO-72	PC.
	Compressor with a capacity of 20 - 30 m 3 / h	SO-7A
	Double-sided open-end wrenches		kit
	Files flat, square, triangular, round, semicircular with cut No. 1, 2, 3
	Steel hammer		PC.
	Bench chisel
	Screwdriver for mechanics (set)		kit
	Combination pliers 3 E 1
	Welder shield
	Mounting and traction mechanism	MTM-1.6
	Rack jack	DR-3.2
	Drilling machine	IE-1035
	Grinder electric	Ш-178-1
	Electric impact wrench	IE-3115B
	Electric screwdriver	IE-3602-A
	Electric hammer drill	IE-4712
	Electric scissors	IE-5502
	Mounting device for moving loads	PMPG-1
	Manual winch	STD 999/1
	Hydraulic jack	DGS-6.3
	Single-sided riveting gun	STD 96/1
	Safety climbing device	PVU-2
4 digits
Ventilation system installer:
4 digits
3 digits
2 digits

As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts measuring 800x800 mm with an area of 100 m2 using a hand winch.

The costs of labor and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts are calculated according to the “Unified Standards and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair Work” (presented in Table 7)

Unit of measurement is 100 m 2 ventilation ducts.

Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time

No.	Justification (ENiR and other standards)	Name of technological processes	Unit change	Scope of work	Standard time		Labor costs
No.	Justification (ENiR and other standards)	Name of technological processes	Unit change	Scope of work	workers, person-hours		workers, person-hours	driver, person-hour (machine operation, machine hours)
	E9-1-46 No. 1a	Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures	100 holes
	E1-2 Table. 3 No. 1ab	Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	100 t	0,0083		1,8 (1,8)	0,034	0,034 (0,034)
	E10-5 Table. 12 No. 4v	Assembling air ducts into enlarged blocks, installing fastening means, lifting and installing blocks, connecting an installed block with a previously installed one, alignment and final fastening of the system	1 m2		0,62		62,0
	E10-13 Table. 2g Apply.	Installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts	PC.		0,59		0,59
		TOTAL:					64,8	0,034 (0,034)

The duration of work for the installation of ventilation ducts is determined by the work schedule presented in the table.

Technical and economic indicators are:

Ducts and parts ventilation systems must be manufactured in accordance with the working documentation and from materials approved for use in construction. In addition, the manufacture and installation of air ducts and equipment for ventilation and air conditioning systems must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01-2003.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a diameter and larger side size of up to 2000 mm should be made:

Spiral-lock or straight-seam on folds;

Spiral-welded or straight-seam welded.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side size of more than 2000 mm should be made of panels (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts made of metal plastic should be made on seams, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as sheet aluminum and its alloys - on seams or by welding.

Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be secured at the beginning and end of the air duct section by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or doweling.

Seams on air ducts, regardless of metal thickness and manufacturing method, must be made with a cutoff.

Seam seams must have the same width along their entire length and be uniformly tightly seated.

There should be no cross-shaped seam connections in seam ducts, as well as in cutting charts.

Elements of shaped parts should be connected to each other using ridges, folds, welding, and rivets.

Elements of shaped parts made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other using folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or mixed with explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts using the wafer method (nipple/coupling), band connection or on flanges;

for rectangular air ducts: busbar (large/small) or on flanges. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fastening the tire to the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the transported medium), spot welding, grooving every 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. The inner corners of the tire must be filled with sealant.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) must be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel and their connecting fasteners (including the internal surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement plant in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be equipped with parts for connecting them and means of fastening.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-leg sling

The most common slinging methods are shown in Fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of an autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans, version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the air duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts must be equipped.

The installation of an on-site air duct warehouse must satisfy the following basic requirements:

Be located near access roads or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

Be at a minimum distance from the installation site, if possible within the reach of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with construction and installation work;

Areas for storing air ducts must be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° to drain surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and, if necessary, have ditches;

Walkways, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (in winter - from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with work safety and fire protection requirements;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current standards and in compliance with the following requirements:

Air ducts of rectangular cross-section must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

During storage, each air duct should be placed on wooden stock pads;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages with a width of at least 1 m must be left between the stacks; Every three stacks there should be passages for vehicles 3 m wide.

Air ducts are moved across the floors of multi-storey buildings using lifting and transport equipment or manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Installation

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Installation must be carried out using industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied complete in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out when the object (occupancy) is ready for construction in the amount of:

For industrial buildings - the entire building with a volume of up to 5000 m3 and part of the building with a volume of over 5000 m3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or several sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another installation organization scheme is possible depending on the accepted design diagram.

2.3.2. Air duct installation

Flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used as shaped parts of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc. Flexible air ducts are not allowed as straight links.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, parts made from flexible hoses in the mounted position must have a minimum degree of compression.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence: