You, of course, remember how one of the heroes of Ilf and Petrov, a modest Soviet employee, former provincial leader of the nobility Ippolit Matveevich Vorobyaninov, or simply Kisa, inflamed with the desire to get rich, embarked on an adventurous search for his mother-in-law’s treasures. Beginning new life and in an attempt to acquire a more attractive appearance, he decided to dye his graying hair and become a brunette. To do this, he used an expensive smuggled dye called “Titanic” (that was the name of the ship that sank on the eve of the First World War in the waters of the Atlantic). However, after the first acquaintance with a foreign product, Kisa’s hair suddenly acquired not black, but a disgusting greenish tint. The intervention of the “great schemer” did not help either. His attempt to correct the situation with the help of domestic means led to the fact that the hair on the head of the former leader of the nobility began to sparkle with all the colors of the rainbow.
Something similar happened with our press. For a long time, she resembled a tired, familiar, tired of everyone and for this reason, a street whore that caused disgust in many. Wanting to get rid of the old dullness, attract attention and thus not only gain a new reputation, but also make capital, she quickly began to repaint herself before everyone’s eyes. And, as if repeating the fate of Kisa Vorobyaninov, she also began to play with all the colors, starting from white and yellow, ending with brown and black.
Some authors have found themselves in this position, clearly unwilling, unaware, or even noticing it. This is probably exactly what happened with Ales Adamovich, who published the chapter “The Understudy” from the story “The Punishers” in the fall of 1988 on the pages of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples.” This publication, perhaps for the first time in the Soviet press, contained an accusation against I.V. Stalin of collaborating with the tsarist secret police. It quoted a letter from “a certain Eremin” in 1913 (No. 2838) to “the head of the Yenisei security department A.F. Zheleznyakov,” in which I.V. Stalin was characterized as a secret employee since 1906.
The publication caused a controversial reaction.
And no wonder. A man who for 30 years stood at the head of one of the world's largest powers, a man who for many personified hopes for a “bright future”, a man with whose name the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War endured inhuman difficulties, walked under bullets and threw themselves under tanks, and suddenly - the most ordinary sexot, for 30 pieces of silver, trading the destinies of his comrades in the revolutionary underground.
But it is difficult to combine both. If the published revelation is not true and I.V. Stalin really was a revolutionary who sacrificed his personal life for the happiness of others, who went through prisons, stages and exiles, how can we explain that it was he who stood at the head of the Thermidorian coup, counter-revolutionary in its essence, it was he who defeated the party who carried out the revolution, liquidated many of its gains, restored the exploitation of the country by foreign capital, and doomed millions of peasants to poverty.
In this regard, the version of I.V. Stalin’s connections with the Tsarist secret police seemed to open up the possibility of explaining the origin of the Soviet Thermidor.
But less than six months after A. Adamovich’s publication, an article by the director of the Central State Archive appeared on the pages of the magazine “Questions of the History of the CPSU” October revolution(now - State Archive Russian Federation, GARF) B.I. Kaptelov and employee of the same archive Z.I. Peregudova “Was Stalin an agent of the secret police?”, in which it was convincingly proven that “Eremin’s letter” is a gross forgery.
It turns out that, acting as a whistleblower, A. Adamovich found himself in the role of a hoaxer. Wanting to appear before the readers in “white robes,” he, and with him the entire editorial board of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” found himself before the readers in robes of a completely different color.
Anyone can make mistakes. And this episode would not deserve attention if it were of a private nature. In fact, its significance goes beyond creative biography A. Adamovich and the activities of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples”.
A. Adamovich was not a historian. Therefore, the question arises: who slipped him this fake, this expensive and, as it turns out, also smuggled goods? Who is actually engaged in the production of such “contraband” and how does it appear on our reader market?
To understand this, it is necessary to remember that in 1988–1989. In the Soviet Union there was censorship, without whose permission not a single publication could be published. Censorship was subject to two masters: the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR. Her main task was to “keep vigil.” If in in this case she showed “negligence” and allowed such a publication, which means that this publication was inspired by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR, which thus, using A. Adamovich and the editors of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” launched a fake into circulation.
But is it really possible that the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR, if they really set themselves the task of discrediting I.V. Stalin, could not produce such a “work of art” that more than one generation of historians would puzzle over? If such a crude counterfeit was put into circulation, was not this crudeness its main meaning? The more primitive the lie, the easier it is to refute it. And then, using the example of “Friendship of Peoples,” it is possible to show even the most inexperienced reader what methods the “democratic” press has resorted to and is resorting to in anathematizing the “great leader.” After all, even a naive person understands: to expose a criminal, there is no need to falsify facts; the truth is enough for this. If, in order to debunk J.V. Stalin, it is necessary to resort to forgery, this alone should lead to the idea that there are no serious criminal facts from his revolutionary biography at the disposal of critics. And therefore, whether A. Adamovich wanted it or not, his publication is an attempt to slander the name of an honest man.
This is exactly how it was assessed by his opponents, becoming a means of discrediting not so much J.V. Stalin himself, but the anti-Stalin campaign.
Who would argue that the press should be different than it was before 1991. But in order not to produce more victims of the Titanic, it is necessary to be more selective in the “means”. We should not forget about the fate of Kisa Vorobyaninov. How did his experiments with the “smuggled” dye end? The “Father of Russian Democracy” had his hair cut. Naked. And they shaved it. Whoever is tempted by this prospect, hurry up. The “Great Schemer” is already taking out his razor, and soon he may need our heads.
If you are interested in the truth and you really want to understand what I.V. Stalin was like before 1917, how exactly he, a revolutionary, became the “gravedigger of the revolution,” let’s turn to the facts. Only on their basis can a guilty or acquittal verdict be passed against anyone historical figure. Only on the basis of real facts can we understand the tragedy Russian revolution, the origins of Soviet Thermidor.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT STALIN?
Official historiography
It is unlikely that so much has been written about any of the leaders of our country during their lifetime, and after death, so little is known as about I.V. Stalin. And the point is not only that much that was once written about him turned out to be forgotten. Familiarity with previous, now forgotten publications shows that they contain much more emotions and rhetoric than concrete facts. Even such seemingly winning material as material about the revolutionary past of the leader is presented on the pages of our press so fragmentarily that the question involuntarily arises: has more complete and accurate information about this period of his life not reached us? And if they did, then why do they remain hidden from the eyes of readers? One gets the impression that official historiography was forced to avoid some sharp corners in the leader’s past.
The book offered to you makes an attempt to trace life path I.V. Dzhugashvili until that March day in 1917 when he returned from exile in Turukhansk and became known under the name Stalin.
Turning to new archival materials made it possible, on the one hand, to identify numerous mysteries in the revolutionary biography of the leader, giving rise to suspicions about his connections with the secret police, on the other hand, to show that these suspicions are unfounded.
In search of an explanation for the revealed mysteries, the author invites readers behind the scenes of the revolutionary movement and shows that the revolutionary underground had “its people” not only in the business world, but also at all levels of power, right up to the court circle of the emperor and the Police Department.
On our website you can download the book "Who stood behind Stalin?" Alexander Ostrovsky, Alexander Ostrovsky for free and without registration in epub, fb2, pdf format, read the book online or buy the book in the online store.
A. B. Ostrovsky Who stood behind Stalin?
INSTEAD OF A FOREWORD About the victims of the Titanic
You, of course, remember how one of the heroes of Ilf and Petrov, a modest Soviet employee, former provincial leader of the nobility Ippolit Matveevich Vorobyaninov, or simply Kisa, inflamed with the desire to get rich, embarked on an adventurous search for his mother-in-law’s treasures. Starting a new life and trying to acquire a more attractive appearance, he decided to dye his graying hair and become a brunette. To do this, he used an expensive smuggled dye called “Titanic” (that was the name of the ship that sank on the eve of the First World War in the waters of the Atlantic). However, after the first acquaintance with a foreign product, Kisa’s hair suddenly acquired not black, but a disgusting greenish tint. The intervention of the “great schemer” did not help either. His attempt to correct the situation with the help of domestic means led to the fact that the hair on the head of the former leader of the nobility began to sparkle with all the colors of the rainbow.
Something similar happened with our press. For a long time, she resembled a tired, familiar, tired of everyone and for this reason, a street whore that caused disgust in many. Wanting to get rid of the old dullness, attract attention and thus not only gain a new reputation, but also make capital, she quickly began to repaint herself before everyone’s eyes. And, as if repeating the fate of Kisa Vorobyaninov, she also began to play with all the colors, starting from white and yellow, ending with brown and black.
Some authors have found themselves in this position, clearly unwilling, unaware, or even noticing it. This is probably exactly what happened with Ales Adamovich, who published the chapter “The Understudy” from the story “The Punishers” in the fall of 1988 on the pages of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples.” This publication, perhaps for the first time in the Soviet press, contained an accusation against I.V. Stalin of collaborating with the tsarist secret police. It quoted a letter from “a certain Eremin” in 1913 (No. 2838) to “the head of the Yenisei security department A.F. Zheleznyakov,” in which I.V. Stalin was characterized as a secret employee since 1906.
The publication caused a controversial reaction.
And no wonder. A man who for 30 years stood at the head of one of the world’s largest powers, a man who for many personified hopes for a “bright future”, a man with whose name the Soviet people endured inhuman difficulties during the Great Patriotic War, walked under bullets and they threw themselves under the tanks, and suddenly - the most ordinary sexot, for 30 pieces of silver, trading the destinies of his comrades in the revolutionary underground.
But it is difficult to combine both. If the published revelation is not true and I.V. Stalin really was a revolutionary who sacrificed his personal life for the happiness of others, who went through prisons, stages and exiles, how can we explain that it was he who stood at the head of the Thermidorian coup, counter-revolutionary in its essence, it was he who defeated the party , which carried out the revolution, liquidated many of its gains, restored the exploitation of the country by foreign capital, and doomed millions of peasants to poverty.
In this regard, the version of I.V. Stalin’s connections with the Tsarist secret police seemed to open up the possibility of explaining the origin of the Soviet Thermidor.
But less than six months after the publication of A. Adamovich, an article by the director of the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (now the State Archive of the Russian Federation, GARF) B. I. Kaptelov and an employee of the same archive Z. appeared on the pages of the magazine “Questions of the History of the CPSU”. I. Peregudova “Was Stalin an agent of the secret police?”, which convincingly proved that “Eremin’s letter” is a gross forgery.
It turns out that, acting as a whistleblower, A. Adamovich found himself in the role of a hoaxer. Wanting to appear before the readers in “white robes,” he, and with him the entire editorial board of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” found himself before the readers in robes of a completely different color.
Anyone can make mistakes. And this episode would not deserve attention if it were of a private nature. In fact, its significance goes beyond the creative biography of A. Adamovich and the activities of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples”.
A. Adamovich was not a historian. Therefore, the question arises: who slipped him this fake, this expensive and, as it turns out, also smuggled goods? Who is actually engaged in the production of such “contraband” and how does it appear on our reader market?
To understand this, it is necessary to remember that in 1988–1989. In the Soviet Union there was censorship, without whose permission not a single publication could be published. Censorship was subject to two masters: the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR. Her main task was to “keep vigil.” If in this case she showed “negligence” and allowed such a publication, it means that this publication was inspired by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR, which thus, using A. Adamovich and the editors of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” launched a fake into circulation.
What role did Joseph Stalin play, who ruled the country of “victorious socialism” for almost 30 years? Who was he - an ordinary tyrant, or were there unknown forces behind him? Unfortunately, we only have scattered facts at our disposal...
It is known, for example, that Stalin studied at the Tiflis Theological Seminary together with the future famous magician, philosopher and occultist Georgiy Gurdjieff and at one time was quite friendly with him. There are also suggestions that Joseph Dzhugashvili was a member of some occult “Eastern brotherhood”, which included Gurdjieff and his like-minded people.
The sources that talk about Gurdjieff mention a mysterious figure - a certain Prince Nizharadze. Under such a pseudonym was hidden a person whose essence was replaced at the energy level by investing in him a certain program, that is, in fact, turning him into a zombie... Gurdjieff describes an expedition to Persian Gulf, among the participants were himself and Prince Nizharadze. He mentions that the “prince” fell ill with a fever along the way, because of which the travelers were forced to stay in Baghdad for a month. It is known that in 1899-1900 Dzhugashvili worked at the Tiflis Geophysical Laboratory, so theoretically he could well take part in such an expedition. And the leader’s face was covered with pockmarks - was this not a consequence of that “Persian” fever?
Stalin's party nickname, Koba, also raises questions. The fact is that translated from Church Slavonic it means “magician” or “fortune teller.” This was also the name of the Persian king Kobades, who conquered Eastern Georgia at the end of the 5th century. The Byzantine historian Theophanes claims that Kobades was a great magician and led a sect with ideals close to communist ones, for example, the sectarians preached the division of property equally, so that, thus, there would be neither poor nor rich...
During the Stalin era, entire departments were created under the state security services to search for traces of extraterrestrial civilizations and ancient cultures. The Bolsheviks needed knowledge and technology that could make the power invincible.
They also say that in 1941, Stalin secretly visited the famous blessed Matrona of Moscow (Matrona Dmitrievna Nikonova). According to one version, Matrona told Stalin the following: “The red rooster will win. Victory will be yours. You alone from the authorities will not leave Moscow.” According to another, she hit the leader on the forehead with her fist with the words: “Don’t give up Moscow, think, think, and when Alexander Nevsky comes, he will lead everyone with him.”
The then government also used the famous seer and hypnotist Wolf Messing. They say that one day Stalin called him to his place and gave him the following task: to receive 100,000 rubles from the bank using a blank piece of paper. I had to convince the cashier that he saw a check for 100 thousand, but when the experiment was completed, and the cashier saw a blank piece of paper instead of a check in front of him, he had a heart attack... Another task was that Messing had to go into the office of Beria himself without a pass, bypassing security. He did it without difficulty...
There is also evidence that the “leader of the peoples” himself possessed magical knowledge and unusual abilities. It is not for nothing that in most portraits he is depicted with the same pipe: tobacco smoke served Stalin as a magical protection, preventing “strangers” from penetrating his aura. At least that's what parapsychologists think.
And Daniil Andreev in “The Rose of the World” argued that Joseph Vissarionovich knew how to enter a special state of trance - hokhkha, which allowed him to see the deepest layers of the astral world. As a rule, the leader went to bed only in the morning, since he could induce the release of his astral body only at a certain time - when the night was already ending... At the same time, even appearance Stalin: wrinkles straightened out, the skin became smooth, a blush appeared on the cheeks...
The “father of nations” needed Khokhkha to receive a surge of energy, as well as to predict future events: in this way Stalin learned about what troubles or dangers might threaten him, and tried to prevent them. According to Andreev, during his trance Stalin also communicated with spirits and demons. Mass executions were nothing more than sacrifices to these astral beings. That is why Joseph Vissarionovich managed to hold on to power for so long as no other Soviet ruler could.
A. B. Ostrovsky
Who stood behind Stalin?
INSTEAD OF A FOREWORD
About the victims of the Titanic
You, of course, remember how one of the heroes of Ilf and Petrov, a modest Soviet employee, former provincial leader of the nobility Ippolit Matveevich Vorobyaninov, or simply Kisa, inflamed with the desire to get rich, embarked on an adventurous search for his mother-in-law’s treasures. Starting a new life and trying to acquire a more attractive appearance, he decided to dye his graying hair and become a brunette. To do this, he used an expensive smuggled dye called “Titanic” (that was the name of the ship that sank on the eve of the First World War in the waters of the Atlantic). However, after the first acquaintance with a foreign product, Kisa’s hair suddenly acquired not black, but a disgusting greenish tint. The intervention of the “great schemer” did not help either. His attempt to correct the situation with the help of domestic means led to the fact that the hair on the head of the former leader of the nobility began to sparkle with all the colors of the rainbow.
Something similar happened with our press. For a long time, she resembled a tired, familiar, tired of everyone and for this reason, a street whore that caused disgust in many. Wanting to get rid of the old dullness, attract attention and thus not only gain a new reputation, but also make capital, she quickly began to repaint herself before everyone’s eyes. And, as if repeating the fate of Kisa Vorobyaninov, she also began to play with all the colors, starting from white and yellow, ending with brown and black.
Some authors have found themselves in this position, clearly unwilling, unaware, or even noticing it. This is probably exactly what happened with Ales Adamovich, who published the chapter “The Understudy” from the story “The Punishers” in the fall of 1988 on the pages of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples.” This publication, perhaps for the first time in the Soviet press, contained an accusation against I.V. Stalin of collaborating with the tsarist secret police. It quoted a letter from “a certain Eremin” in 1913 (No. 2838) to “the head of the Yenisei security department A.F. Zheleznyakov,” in which I.V. Stalin was characterized as a secret employee since 1906.
The publication caused a controversial reaction.
And no wonder. A man who for 30 years stood at the head of one of the world’s largest powers, a man who for many personified hopes for a “bright future”, a man with whose name the Soviet people endured inhuman difficulties during the Great Patriotic War, walked under bullets and they threw themselves under the tanks, and suddenly - the most ordinary sexot, for 30 pieces of silver, trading the destinies of his comrades in the revolutionary underground.
But it is difficult to combine both. If the published revelation is not true and I.V. Stalin really was a revolutionary who sacrificed his personal life for the happiness of others, who went through prisons, stages and exiles, how can we explain that it was he who stood at the head of the Thermidorian coup, counter-revolutionary in its essence, it was he who defeated the party , which carried out the revolution, liquidated many of its gains, restored the exploitation of the country by foreign capital, and doomed millions of peasants to poverty.
In this regard, the version of I.V. Stalin’s connections with the Tsarist secret police seemed to open up the possibility of explaining the origin of the Soviet Thermidor.
But less than six months after the publication of A. Adamovich, an article by the director of the Central State Archive of the October Revolution (now the State Archive of the Russian Federation, GARF) B. I. Kaptelov and an employee of the same archive Z. appeared on the pages of the magazine “Questions of the History of the CPSU”. I. Peregudova “Was Stalin an agent of the secret police?”, which convincingly proved that “Eremin’s letter” is a gross forgery.
It turns out that, acting as a whistleblower, A. Adamovich found himself in the role of a hoaxer. Wanting to appear before the readers in “white robes,” he, and with him the entire editorial board of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” found himself before the readers in robes of a completely different color.
Anyone can make mistakes. And this episode would not deserve attention if it were of a private nature. In fact, its significance goes beyond the creative biography of A. Adamovich and the activities of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples”.
A. Adamovich was not a historian. Therefore, the question arises: who slipped him this fake, this expensive and, as it turns out, also smuggled goods? Who is actually engaged in the production of such “contraband” and how does it appear on our reader market?
To understand this, it is necessary to remember that in 1988–1989. In the Soviet Union there was censorship, without whose permission not a single publication could be published. Censorship was subject to two masters: the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR. Her main task was to “keep vigil.” If in this case she showed “negligence” and allowed such a publication, it means that this publication was inspired by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR, which thus, using A. Adamovich and the editors of the magazine “Friendship of Peoples,” launched a fake into circulation.
But is it really possible that the Central Committee of the CPSU and the KGB of the USSR, if they really set themselves the task of discrediting I.V. Stalin, could not produce such a “work of art” that more than one generation of historians would puzzle over? If such a crude counterfeit was put into circulation, was not this crudeness its main meaning? The more primitive the lie, the easier it is to refute it. And then, using the example of “Friendship of Peoples,” it is possible to show even the most inexperienced reader what methods the “democratic” press has resorted to and is resorting to in anathematizing the “great leader.” After all, even a naive person understands: to expose a criminal, there is no need to falsify facts; the truth is enough for this. If, in order to debunk J.V. Stalin, it is necessary to resort to forgery, this alone should lead to the idea that there are no serious criminal facts from his revolutionary biography at the disposal of critics. And therefore, whether A. Adamovich wanted it or not, his publication is an attempt to slander the name of an honest man.
This is exactly how it was assessed by his opponents, becoming a means of discrediting not so much J.V. Stalin himself, but the anti-Stalin campaign.
Who would argue that the press should be different than it was before 1991. But in order not to produce more victims of the Titanic, it is necessary to be more selective in the “means”. We should not forget about the fate of Kisa Vorobyaninov. How did his experiments with the “smuggled” dye end? The “Father of Russian Democracy” had his hair cut. Naked. And they shaved it. Whoever is tempted by this prospect, hurry up. The “Great Schemer” is already taking out his razor, and soon he may need our heads.
If you are interested in the truth and you really want to understand what I.V. Stalin was like before 1917, how exactly he, a revolutionary, became the “gravedigger of the revolution,” let’s turn to the facts. Only on their basis can a conviction or acquittal of any historical figure be made. Only on the basis of real facts can one understand the tragedy of the Russian revolution and the origins of Soviet Thermidor.
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT STALIN?
Official historiography
It is unlikely that so much has been written about any of the leaders of our country during their lifetime, and after death, so little is known as about I.V. Stalin. And the point is not only that much that was once written about him turned out to be forgotten. Familiarity with previous, now forgotten publications shows that they contain much more emotions and rhetoric than concrete facts. Even such seemingly winning material as material about the revolutionary past of the leader is presented on the pages of our press so fragmentarily that the question involuntarily arises: has more complete and accurate information about this period of his life not reached us? And if they did, then why do they remain hidden from the eyes of readers? One gets the impression that official historiography was forced to avoid some sharp corners in the leader’s past.
To verify this, just turn to “ Brief biography"I.V. Stalin, prepared for his 60th birthday and for a long time which was the most complete biography of him in our country. Painting the image of a selfless and uncompromising revolutionary, the authors of this publication wrote: “Tsarism felt that in the person of Stalin it was dealing with a major revolutionary figure, and in every possible way sought to deprive Stalin of the opportunity to conduct revolutionary work. Arrests, prisons and exiles followed each other. From 1902 to 1913, Stalin was arrested eight times, was in exile seven times, and escaped from exile six times. Before the tsar's guardsmen had time to place Stalin in a new place of exile, he fled again and again, in “freedom,” forged the revolutionary energy of the masses. Only released Stalin from his last exile February revolution 1917"(1).
