With the cold weather approaching, many craftsmen come up with various designs for space heating and water heating. First of all, the question is about the type of fuel. In search of the most rational and cheapest option, many choose to work off, the average consumption of which is about 2 liters per hour. A waste oil furnace has a number of advantages. Knowing all the intricacies of its manufacture, you can create a budget-friendly and efficient source of heat in the house.
A factory or homemade waste oil furnace is characterized by a number of advantages:
- ensuring fast and efficient heating closed premises in the form of greenhouses, domestic buildings, warehouses and technical rooms;
- independence of the device from electricity and gas;
- unique design features apparatus that allows the process of cooking;
- ease of operation;
- no open flame;
- reliability of the structure, which is made of metal products connected by welding;
- when ensuring normal operation, the stove does not create a lot of soot and burning;
- due to its light weight and dimensions, the device can be transported;
- the stove can be made from scrap metal;
- during operation of the device, combustion of oil and its vapor is ensured;
- The stove can be combined with a water heating system by installing a tank on top.
Furnace in production closed type is not without its drawbacks, among which are the following:
- the possibility of clogging the supply tube with waste oil;
- the need to install a chimney with a length of at least 4 m;
- presence of hot open surfaces;
- weekly cleaning of the chimney and oil container from accumulated waste;
- high probability of contamination of clothing and premises during contact with fuel;
- the container with fuel should be located in a warm room;
- unpleasant smell of used oil;
- the flame in the apparatus can be extinguished only after the fuel has completely burned out;
- if used incorrectly, the fire hazard increases;
- characteristic humming noise during operation of the furnace;
- The fuel ignites only when it is heated to its flash point.
Important! Before pouring oil into the system, it should be filtered.
Principle of operationwaste oil furnaces
The prototype for oil furnaces operating on waste oil is kerogas, which was previously used in villages and dachas. It used kerosene as fuel, the vapors of which were burned in a separate chamber. To save on fuel, a waste oil burning option was developed. It can be purchased for free or at a reasonable cost at any service station.
Creating a homemade stove during mining is not a difficult process. The main task is proper organization systems for a productive oil combustion process. To ensure complete combustion of vapors, heavy components must first be split into light ones, which is carried out as a result of pyrolysis. The oil must be properly heated for efficient evaporation.
The operating principle of an oil furnace during mining is as follows. First of all, the mining is ignited in the lower chamber of the apparatus. The combustion intensity is regulated using a throttle valve in the device body, through which air enters the chamber. Oil vapor mixed with oxygen vertical pipe rise up. The pipe is connected to the upper tank, which is the afterburner chamber.
The mixture is mixed under the influence of the Coriolis force (force of inertia). The intensity of the process is achieved by choosing the correct diameter and length of the combustion chamber. To ensure complete combustion, air must flow through the damper in sufficient quantity. To do this, it is additionally sucked through holes made in a vertical perforated pipe connecting the tanks.
The gas flow is directed to the final combustion chamber, in which the upper part is expanded. During its manufacture, a horizontal separation is made between the chimney inlet and the combustion chamber outlet, which is necessary to ensure a temperature jump between the nitrogen oxide and oxygen afterburning zones. At temperatures below 600 °C, nitrogen oxides are more active than oxygen. As they decompose, they oxidize fuel particles. With increasing temperature, oxygen acts as the main oxidizing agent. Harmful substances are released into the atmosphere through the chimney.
Important! To ensure efficient oil combustion in the upper tank, the temperature must be low.
Waste oil furnace: types of designs
There are several types of oil furnaces that operate on waste oil. The classic model is the pyrolysis apparatus. It is made from ready-made containers in the form of barrels, pipes, cylinders or from alloy sheets. Oil is poured into the lower vessel, which splits when there is insufficient air. In the upper tank, intensive combustion of its vapor occurs, due to which a lot of heat is released.
Temperature regulation is carried out by air supply. Such a furnace requires constant cleaning of the chambers from accumulated fractions. It does not have mechanical temperature control.
At the oil recovery stove, a guaranteed air supply to the second chamber is realized with the help of a fan. The combustion process is more efficient, due to which warm air evenly enters the room.
The operating principle of a stove with a drip supply of fuel is similar to the operating mechanism of diesel engines. It is economical. However, the independent process of manufacturing the device is very labor-intensive, so it is better to purchase a factory device of this type. In addition, it should be taken into account that homemade drip stoves are picky about the quality of the oil, which must be preheated before feeding into the stove.
The most efficient model is a supercharged waste oil furnace. It, in comparison with a potbelly stove, has a higher cost. Extra warmth comes from blowing fans. Supercharging can be done using a car cooler motor, and the heater is blown by a 220 V home propeller.
Requirements for installation and operation of an oil furnace
It is required that the stove be located in an empty room, near which there should be no flammable surfaces. Special attention is given to devices self-made. They should not be placed on a shelf or other support that could catch fire.
A homemade furnace for mining should be located on a flat base, which can be concrete or brick. It is necessary that the distance between the device and the wall is at least 1 m. To create good traction chimney must have a length of more than 4 m. Insulation should be provided on its external side to prevent the formation of acid condensation.
The used oil should not contain any solvent or other flammable element, so such components should be kept away from the furnace. It is also unacceptable for moisture to get into the container with oil. This will cause a fire in the oven. In the event of an emergency, a fire extinguisher should be used to extinguish the fire.
Important! In the room where the stove is located, there must be organized good system natural supply and exhaust ventilation.
Before starting work, oil is poured into a container in an amount equal to half the volume of the tank, which will provide the necessary space for the formation of vapor. For the vapors to become enriched with oxygen, you need to wait some time. Then the fuel is ignited using long matches. As soon as the process of ignition of vapors begins, the damper is closed halfway.
To increase the performance of the mini-furnace during mining, you can install a sealed tank with liquid above its upper chamber. To supply and drain water, fittings are attached to it, which are placed on different levels. Another option for increasing productivity is the necessary air convection, which is carried out using a fan located near the upper chamber. By taking warm air from the stove, it helps to cool it, which has a positive effect on the life of the device.
DIY options for increasing the efficiency of a mini-oven
Waste oil furnaces are often used to heat a garage or small workshop. It is not recommended to use such a device in a building where people are constantly present. This is due to the fact that the stove absorbs oxygen, which has Negative influence on the human respiratory organs. If the device is intended to heat a living space, it should be located in a separate room.
To improve the efficiency of the device, additional devices can be used. A waste oil furnace with a water circuit is organized by tying the coil body or installing a water jacket on the chimney. In the first case, the coil is made from copper pipe. It is built into the heating system of the house.
The water jacket is made from sheet metal in the form of a container, which is located in the upper part of the body. It circulates a liquid coolant. For efficient work furnace, the tank should contain up to 30 liters of water. Such a device will allow you to heat a large area.
An exhaust furnace with a water circuit must be equipped expansion tank with emergency drain required in case of liquid boiling. It is not recommended to install a membrane container here.
Another option for increasing furnace efficiency is to use air heat exchanger, which is represented by a fan. No design changes are made to the device, and the heating of the room is improved. The fan is located near the upper chamber. When it cools, the heated air spreads across the area of the room. You can also pass air through a box located on top of the stove, or through a pipe that is installed in the afterburner chamber.
Popular options for pre-fabricated furnaces, their characteristics
The Teplamos NT-612 stove is often chosen as a device used for heating a garage. The power of such a drip fanless heater can vary between 5-15 kW. Fuel consumption is 0.5-1.5 l/hour.
Related article:
What is a pellet boiler? Installation of pellet boilers. Types of pellet boilers. Tips for choosing. Review of prices for pellet boilers.
This furnace for use in a garage is a closed type device. It is equipped with a chimney, an air supply pipe and a built-in tank designed for 8 liters of fuel. Fuel combustion occurs in the inner chamber. The operation of the device begins with electrical heating of the plasma bowl. When the required temperature is reached, fuel is supplied and air is forced into the combustion chamber. The average cost of the device is 30 thousand rubles.
Important! For normal operation the stove requires preheating with a small amount of diesel fuel, which is poured into a special bowl.
Another popular model is the Zhar-25 (MS-25) stove. This device can operate not only on waste oil, but also on diesel fuel. The device operates from the electrical network, which powers the internal fan. Thermal power furnaces vary from 25 to 50 kW. It is designed to heat a room up to 500 square meters. m. Maximum fuel consumption is 4.5 l/hour. The device has large dimensions. Its weight reaches 130 kg. This oven requires equipment good chimney. You can buy it for 45 thousand rubles.
Do-it-yourself stove for testingfrom sheet metal and pipes
Depending on the type of device, the structure can be created from pipes of different diameters or from iron sheets. To work you will need the following tools:
- grinder with cutting and grinding wheel;
- sheet metal and pipes;
- welding machine and electrodes;
- metal corners;
- metal paint that can withstand high temperatures.
Before making a furnace for testing, a detailed drawing of the apparatus is made. You can create it yourself or use ready-made options, which are easy to find on websites on the Internet.
The first step is to make the lower part of the chamber connecting to the fuel tank. It looks like a rounded or straight tank with a lid where two pipes are located. The first is used to supply oil, and the second is used to strengthen the pipe that goes into the middle part of the device. Elements for the tank are cut out with a grinder and connected according to the drawing.
The bottom and metal corners are welded to the walls of the tank, which act as the legs of the structure. To create a lid, a sheet of metal is taken and holes are made in it. The first, with a diameter of 100 mm, is located in the center; the second, 60 mm in size, is located closer to the edge. The lid should be removable, which will make cleaning the stove easier.
A pipe about 37 cm long and 100 mm in diameter is used to supply oxygen. It has holes along the entire length of the element necessary for the supply of oxygen. The pipe is welded perpendicular to the cover at the bottom of the apparatus. An air damper is fixed on it, which will be secured with a rivet or bolts. The hole under the damper should be 6 cm in size. It is intended for supplying oil and igniting fuel.
The design of the upper tank is carried out by analogy with the design of the lower tank according to the drawing of a furnace using waste oil with your own hands. The walls of the product must have a thickness of at least 350 mm. A bottom with a diameter of 10 cm is cut out of the bottom of the tank, which should be placed closer to the edge. A small piece of pipe with a diameter of 11 cm is welded to the bottom of the hole. This is necessary to connect the element to the gas combustion tank.
Since the top cover of the furnace during supercharged mining is subject to influence high temperature, for its manufacture you should use a metal sheet with a thickness of at least 6 mm. There is an opening in the lid for the chimney pipe, which should coincide with the opening at the bottom of the container. Between these elements, a partition made of dense metal sheet is mounted, located near the smoke hole. A pipe is attached to the top of the lid, connecting to the chimney part. The self-production process can be seen in detail in the video of the furnace being tested.
Important! To give the structure rigidity and stability, a metal spacer in the form of a piece of pipe with a diameter of 200-300 mm is welded between the chambers.
Step-by-step instructions for making a waste oil stove with your own hands from a cylinder
The device can be made from old items using the presented drawings of a waste oil furnace. For this process you will need gas cylinder capacity 50 l. You should also prepare:
- pipe with a diameter of 80-100 mm and a length of 4 m;
- steel corner for making a stand and internal elements heat exchanger;
- sheet steel for making the bottom of the upper chamber and the plug;
- brake disk;
- fuel supply hose;
- clamps;
- half-inch valve;
- loops;
- half-inch oil supply pipe.
An empty gas cylinder is used to make the body. You need to unscrew the valve on it, after which you should leave it outside overnight to ventilate the remaining gas. A hole is drilled in the bottom of the product. To prevent the formation of a spark, the drill must be moistened with oil. Through the hole, the cylinder is filled with water, which is then drained, washing away the remaining gas.
Two openings are cut in the cylinder. The top one will be used for the combustion chamber, where the heat exchanger will be installed. The lower one acts as a burner with a tray. The upper part of the chamber is specially made large. If necessary, it can be filled with other fuel options in the form of firewood or pressed briquettes.
Next, the bottom for the upper compartment of the device is made from sheet metal 4 mm thick. A burner is made from a piece of pipe 200 mm long, as shown in the drawing of a waste oil stove. There are many holes made around the circumference of the product, which are necessary for air to enter the fuel. Next they sand it inner part burners. This will eliminate the possibility of soot accumulating on the ends and uneven surfaces.
From a gas cylinder it is welded to the bottom of the upper chamber. If there are no mining reserves, wood can be laid on the formed shelf.
Making a tray for working off and installing a chimney for an oil stove with your own hands
According to the drawing of the stove, a cast iron automobile brake disc, which has good heat-resistant characteristics, is used to make a waste oil pan. A steel circle is welded in its lower part, which forms the bottom. At the top there is a lid through which air enters the oven.
Helpful advice! It is better to make the opening wide. This will provide sufficient air draft so that the oil will flow into the pan.
The next step in making a stove using waste oil from a gas cylinder is to make a coupling from a 10 cm long pipe that connects the burner and the pan. Thanks to this element, servicing the stove will be much easier. You can remove the tray and clean the bottom of the burner. To ensure the supply of oil, a metal tube is inserted into the hole in the housing and secured by welding. An emergency valve is installed on the pipe.
The chimney structure is made of a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm. One end of it is welded to the hole in the central upper part of the body, and the other is brought out to the street.
Helpful advice! The chimney pipe through the wall must pass through a special fireproof glass.
By watching the video “Furnace using a gas cylinder”, you can familiarize yourself with the sequence of actions in the manufacture of the device.
How to make a stove for working offpyrolysis type
A potbelly stove during mining consists of three main elements:
- oil containers with lid and valve;
- closed combustion chamber;
- afterburning chambers.
The stove must have a chimney, the length of which is at least 4 m. The oil container, according to the do-it-yourself potbelly stove drawing, is made from a piece of pipe with a diameter of 345 mm and a length of 100 mm. A sheet metal cover is welded to its lower part. The removable top cover is made of a pipe with a diameter of 352 mm, to which sides with a height of 600 mm must be attached by welding. The lid has a central hole of 100 mm in size, intended for the combustion chamber, as well as a side hole (60 mm in diameter) for air injection, which is closed by a rotating lid.
Important! By adjusting the clearance of the blower, you select the combustion intensity of the stove, which affects the air temperature in the room.
According to the drawing of the stove during testing, a pipe with a diameter of 352 mm and a height of 100 mm is used to make the afterburner. Holes measuring 100 mm are made in its lower and upper parts. The first is for the combustion chamber pipe, and the second is for the chimney. Closer to the chimney opening, it is necessary to weld a partition 70 mm high and 330 mm wide.
Using a drill, holes are made in the combustion chamber pipe along its entire height, leaving the lower zone 20 mm high and the upper zone (50 mm) unused. After completing all welding work, the tightness and reliability of the seams should be checked. Next, a furnace test is organized. The waste is poured into the oil container. Kerosene is added on top. Careful ignition is carried out with the ash pan open, with the help of which, after heating the oven, the heat intensity is adjusted.
Important! Testing the furnace during testing should be carried out outdoors, which will avoid a fire indoors or other accident.
To heat a garage, small workshop or living space, you can use a waste stove, which has a number of advantages. The device can be purchased at finished form or do it yourself using drawings from the Internet. Before making a stove, you should study the sequence of actions in order to subsequently obtain a practical and efficient device.
In garages or workshops, in order to save money, they often install a furnace for processing instead of an expensive boiler: they process it with their own hands metal parts, weld them and get a model resembling a “potbelly stove”. However, when choosing a design for manufacturing, you may encounter difficulties. Do you agree?
We will tell you how to choose the optimal scheme and assemble an economical but very effective heating device yourself. The article we propose examines in detail popular options, the effects of which have been tested in practice. Advice is given on the construction and subsequent operation of the stove.
Waste oil or used oil is the product that remains as a result of the operation of a car engine. Motor, transmission or other industrial oil accumulates in large quantities at service stations, in automobile workshops, as well as from ordinary car owners.
During use, the oil loses its beneficial qualities, accumulates salts, slags, resins, and tiny particles of metal, but people have found use for such an illiquid product.
It is forbidden to dump the waste into the ground, since the most dangerous product for nature completely destroys all living things. An alternative is to deliver waste material to special collection points for further processing.
IN small quantities it is used for household needs:
- lubricate working tools (for example, chainsaws);
- impregnate wood (sleepers for railway lines);
- lubricate rubbing parts of light vehicles (scooters, bicycles);
- used as a fire starter;
- cover surfaces filled with bitumen.
As at the end of the last century, waste is used as fuel for furnaces installed in semi-residential premises - garages, utility rooms, workshops. If you build a stove yourself, then with constantly replenished supplies of used oil, heating the room will be practically free.
Other effective ways organizations are presented in an article entirely devoted to this issue.
Why are waste oil furnaces popular?
The main reason for people's love for homemade stoves is the low (or zero) cost of the unit itself and the fuel for it. Some home-grown craftsmen make such heating devices as an experiment and at the same time a useful device.
With the advent of a homemade waste oil stove, the issue of “attaching” recyclable materials no longer exists.
For especially advanced craftsmen, the production of garage furnaces for working out has become another business option. They build custom models and sell them to interested but less skilled garage owners.
How does the unit operate during testing? The process consists of splitting heavy fuel with impurities, which has quite a complex composition. In another way, the process in which there is a lack of oxygen and the combustion of not the fuel itself, but its vapor, is called pyrolysis. The principle of operation is described in the article we recommend.
To start the process, it is necessary to evaporate the fuel, then heat the resulting vapor to a temperature of about +300-400 ºС, after which combustion will occur spontaneously. All you have to do is wait for the fuel to burn completely.
There are 2 schemes that are used when making stoves independently:
- filling the tank with oil and setting it on fire, as a result of which the vapors evaporate and begin to burn;
- the use of a burner in which three zones (pyrolysis, ignition and afterburning) are combined and make the combustion process more efficient, controllable and safe.
The second scheme is more complex, it requires serious modification of the fuel and manufacturing accuracy, so we will consider more simple models from the first group.
Diagram of the design of a simple model of a furnace in production. The air necessary to support the combustion process enters through the neck with a damper. The same damper can partially regulate the combustion force
Advantages of using an oil-based garage stove:
- ease of design and maintenance of the device;
- fuel economy - about 1.5-2 liters per hour;
- absence of soot and soot;
- safety of storage of mining reserves;
- it is possible to connect an air or water heating circuit;
The compactness of the unit is also extremely important for small spaces.
There are also disadvantages:
- the need for regular cleaning of the stove and chimney;
- a mandatory element is a vertical chimney with a height of at least 4 m;
- For stoves with nozzles, only purified oil should be used ( approximate cost filtered product – 8-12 rub./l);
- one of the conditions for storing waste is positive temperature, that is, it is necessary or heated in winter period room, or a tank buried in the ground.
Before production/purchase finished oven or you need to consider all the pros and cons of homemade devices, and then make a final decision.
DIY Projects
There are a great many options for manufacturing furnaces for mining. They are made from metal blanks or used containers (cylinders), with pyrolysis and turbo burners, with drip feed or blowing. We will focus on two popular models that are more suitable for independent design and assembly.
Sheet metal model
In garages and nearby areas you can often find unnecessary metal parts, cast iron plates, steel sheets, pipes. Among them there will probably be several items suitable for welding a stove.
For example, to make a simple model you will need the following material:
- old steel sheet thickness 3.5 mm;
- a piece of steel pipe with a wall thickness of 4.5 mm;
- tin pipe for chimney with a diameter of 110 mm.
In addition, you will need a tool that any garage owner usually has available: a welding machine with electrodes, a circular saw with cutting and grinding discs, a hammer, and pliers. A set of working protective clothing for welding work with goggles and gloves is required.
Before the welding process, we prepare some of the parts.
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When some of the parts are prepared, we proceed to welding work, But circular saw We don’t remove it too far - it can be useful for cutting out or cutting off individual fragments.
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To prevent precipitation and debris from entering the chimney, we secure the cap at the end with self-tapping screws. The safe height of the chimney is about 4 m. Combustion products discharged above the roof will quickly dissipate in the atmosphere and will not harm people or plants.
After complete completion of the assembly and installation work, it is necessary to carry out testing and, if flaws are found in the work, try to correct them. We check the combustion quality in the following order.
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During the design and welding process, the following errors may be identified:
- too thin walls of chambers and pipes (rapid wear, inability to retain heat for a long time);
- not enough big hole for adding oil and adjusting the combustion force;
- poorly chosen location for installing the stove;
- different diameters of the stove pipe and chimney (you will have to use an adapter for connection);
- inaccurately adjusted dimensions of parts for welding (the seams will be loose and will not last long);
- ignition with gasoline - an explosion is possible, it is better to use solvents (White spirit and the like).
If you weld the stove according to the rules, it will last a long time and easily heat a room of 20-30 m². An article dedicated to this difficult issue will introduce you to the organization options.
How to make a stove from a gas cylinder?
The second option, which has become popular thanks to a successful assembly scheme, is a stove made from a regular gas cylinder, empty of contents.
You can connect a heat exchanger with a homemade air swirler and a fan to the body from the cylinder, and use a freon cylinder as a container for oil
First we draw up a diagram of the furnace.
Construction details: 1 – base of the body; 2 – perforated pipe; 3 – heat exchanger pipe; 4 – partition; 5 – visor; 6 – evaporator for oil; 7 – coupling; 8 and 10 – tube for feeding waste; 9 – ball valve; 11 – mining tank; 12 – swirler; 13 – fan
Cylinder volume – 50 l. The wall thickness of metal pipes is 4-5 mm, internal section– 100 mm. For the partition between the two chambers and the manufacture of the visor, it is better to use pieces of metal sheet with a thickness of at least 4 mm. A brake disc is used as a reservoir for oil from which evaporation occurs.
The oil enters the evaporator through a ½ inch pipe. The part of the pipeline above the ball valve can be flexible to ensure ease of installation. A ball valve is installed so that it is always possible to shut off the fuel supply in an emergency. To manufacture the swirler, a pair was selected metal corners, welded together.
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Before starting work, we release the remaining gas from the cylinder, leaving it for a while with the valve open, and then remove the condensate by drilling a hole in the bottom and washing the inside with a large amount of water
On one side of the body of the future furnace we cut out two openings of different sizes: in the upper part, larger in size, there will be a combustion chamber with a heat exchanger, and in the lower part there will be an evaporator. Then you can rinse the inner walls again with water.
We cut out a round blank from a metal sheet 4 mm thick according to the diameter of the body. In the center of the workpiece we make a hole for the burner, also round shape
To make a burner, we take a steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 200 mm. In order for it to function correctly, we drill 10 mm holes across the entire surface. Sand the surface and edges. We weld the burner to a metal circle, which we install between the chambers
We take a cast iron brake disc and make a bottom - we weld a steel circle. We weld the lid on the other side, but so that there is a gap for air to flow in and provide the necessary draft.
To make an adapter coupling between the burner and the pan, we cut out a small fragment from a 100 mm pipe. We install it on a pallet without welding it to the base
Just above the pan we make a hole, insert a metal tube into it for supplying oil and weld it. For emergency stop to supply the waste we install a valve on the pipe - a ball valve
We weld a 100 mm tin pipe to the upper part of the body, and take the other end out to the street. To do this, we make a hole in the wall, which we equip with a fire-resistant metal cuff. Raise the pipe above the roof and install a protective cap
In order for heated air to circulate throughout the room, it is necessary to install a heat exchanger. This is a steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm. The most suitable place is inside the housing, between the burner and the flue pipe. To hold the flame, we weld a metal platform cut from a 4 mm sheet to the top of the heat exchanger.
We organize forced air supply using duct fan. It can be made automatic by using a thermal relay. To better preserve heat, we place a swirler inside the pipe - a structure of two welded metal corners, the shelves of which are cut and deployed in the form of blades.
Then, from a freon cylinder, we make a tank for storing and supplying waste. The advantage of a tank of this design is a needle valve, convenient for adjusting the fuel supply
It remains to make two doors, each of which has nuances. The upper mandatory part is a strong lock that ensures reliable closure while the oven is operating. We make a gap at the bottom of the second door so that air can freely flow inside the housing and support the combustion of the oil.
After manufacturing the furnace, we carry out testing. Pour a little oil into the pan, then place a small piece of sponge soaked in solvent there. Set fire to the sponge. The oil heats up, begins to evaporate, and a flame appears in the burner.
We gradually feed the oil into the evaporator through the tube. If it is necessary to stop the combustion, shut off the exhaust flow (close both valves). As soon as the residues in the pan are burned, the combustion process will stop.
Schemes and rules for making a stove for mining from a pipe. We recommend that you read the useful information.
Rules of operation and safety
No matter how much they talk about safety homemade stoves, they remain devices that, if handled incorrectly, can result in burns or ignition of surrounding objects. As a result, there are a number of prohibitions.
The following actions cannot be performed:
- use other types of fuel instead of used oil;
- use faulty equipment;
- install a heating device in a room without well-established ventilation;
- light a fire if the stove is not equipped with a smoke exhaust duct;
- block the hole in the burner;
- leave the room with the stove running for a long time;
- place flammable liquids or objects near the heated body;
- Spray oil or water onto the hot surface.
Only adults have the right to use the stove; children or animals are not allowed near it while the unit is operating.
As an interesting and original example We suggest that you consider the stoves during testing. This is also a very effective model, available for self-production.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
The process of creating and launching a heating device is much easier if all safety measures are taken and the nuances of manufacturing and installation are taken into account. We offer videos with useful recommendations.
Video #1. How to start the oven correctly:
Video #2. Review of a working furnace. Tips for use:
Video #3. Hints on device and use:
The issue of waste disposal can be resolved quite easily by building a metal furnace in the garage. A homemade heating device that runs on cheap fuel functions no worse than expensive purchased models.
But if you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to seek help from experienced craftsmen, closely familiar with the nuances of manufacturing and installation of oil furnaces.
A heating device using waste engine oil is an economical and simple solution to the problem of heating a garage, workshop, greenhouse and even a home. In addition to the low cost of fuel, which is essentially waste, this stove has a high efficiency. A do-it-yourself stove, drawings, videos and photos of which are presented in this article, can be completely made independently.
An oil stove can be made from a gas cylinder
Device running on machine oil It is especially popular at car repair shops, where there is always an excess of this raw material.
Advantages heating device during testing:
- As a result of engine oil combustion, soot and fumes are not formed;
- the device is fireproof, since it is not the oil itself that burns, but its vapor;
- the raw materials for operating the furnace cost nothing; they can be obtained at any service station.
Helpful information! Many car repair shops that use other types of heating are happy to get rid of waste stock, since it is difficult to recycle.
Disadvantages of using mining:
- before use, the waste must be cleaned of impurities of water and alcohol, otherwise the nozzles of the unit may become clogged;
- mining cannot be stored in the cold, so it will have to be kept in a warm garage or in a specially prepared bunker.
Types and drawings of a furnace using waste oil with your own hands
Homemade devices for testing come in several varieties:
- structures made of a metal pipe or gas cylinder;
- devices with additional air supply;
- heating devices with oil drip.
Most often you can find heaters made from the body of a regular gas cylinder.
Drawing of a waste oil stove:
Drip oil supply – quite difficult process, which is difficult to reproduce in artisanal conditions. Typically, such ovens are manufactured by industrial manufacturers and can be purchased. A drip-type stove is capricious in terms of fuel purity, so only purified oil is suitable for it.
In such furnaces, a special filter is installed for cleaning. Some craftsmen use automobile fuel filters for this purpose. The pump for drip feed can also be taken from the car, making a return line to eliminate overpressure. To regulate the oil supply, a conventional medical dropper is used.
Features of operating oil stoves
The oil fill tank cap and adjustment tools must be located in a clear accessible area. To remove exhaust gases, you will need to install an exhaust ventilation hose. The internal diameter of the sleeve must be at least ten centimeters. It’s good if the exhaust pipe is easily detached from the stove, this will make it easier to regularly clean the unit.
Note! The end of the ventilation hose must be absolutely vertical, otherwise the wind can blow into the pipe and extinguish the flame. The height of the vertical section is at least four meters.
Before starting the heating device, it is necessary to check the integrity of the ventilation and the absence of unnecessary objects in the device. To speed up the lighting procedure, you can add a little lighter fluid or kerosene to the fuel compartment.
After five to ten minutes, the stove will begin to heat up and the fuel will boil. After starting the process, it is important to monitor the stove and periodically add fuel.
Note! The gap in the firebox opening should be no more than one and a half centimeters, so soot will not get into the room.
To stop the device from working, simply stop the oil supply. For urgent extinguishing, a fire extinguisher is used. It is not recommended to extinguish oil stoves with water.
How to properly light a stove during testing, video:
During maintenance, the heating device must be cleaned at least once a month. For this purpose, the device is disassembled and soot is removed from the internal walls and chimney. After cleaning, all joints are coated with sealant.
Security measures
It is important to remember that a waste oil stove is a device that, if safety precautions are not followed, can cause harm to property and human health. This is why you should:
- Do not use acetone, gasoline or other flammable liquids as fuel. Failure to comply with this rule may result in the device exploding.
- Remove all furniture and textiles from the stove. There should be nothing within a meter radius of the stove that could easily catch fire.
- Do not use the stove without a chimney, with closed air intakes, or leave it unattended for a long time.
- It is not recommended to fill the stove with water to extinguish the flame.
Helpful information! To independently extinguish a fire, you can prepare a solution of twenty-five liters of water, eight kilograms of salt and four and a half kilograms of ammonia. This mixture is stored in hermetically sealed half-liter bottles. In the event of an emergency fire, bottles are thrown forcefully into the fire zone so that they break. The gas formed from the mixture will extinguish the fire.
How to make a stove for testing with your own hands: drawings, videos, photos
A heating device using secondary engine oil has the following main design elements:
- the first chamber with a hole for air and adding fuel;
- a second chamber for combustion of gases, having numerous openings for oxygen access;
- the third, upper chamber for smoke generation and afterburning of residual gases.
Furnaces with a water circuit using waste oil
You can make an oil stove yourself. For this purpose you will need faulty cylinder for gas with a solid body.
To work you will need:
- welding machine for arc welding;
- drill, tape measure, building level, grinder;
- pipes for the chimney and burner;
- fifty liter cylinder.
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In a separate publication we will talk about making the right choice of this device according to your goals and budget.
How to make a stove for working out:
- Welded to the cylinder iron legs twenty to thirty centimeters high.
- The body is cut in accordance with the diagram.
- The inlet for the radiator is drilled and the pipe is installed.
- A hole with a diameter of five centimeters is cut at the top of the tube for air movement.
The stove is painted with a mixture of chalk, silicate glue and aluminum powder.
Video: do-it-yourself stove, drawings and assembly process
- You should not install the furnace during mining in rooms where people are constantly present. The unit burns oxygen, which can negatively affect a person’s well-being.
- To increase the efficiency of the device, you can organize additional air supply using a fan.
- The upper part of the oil stove gets very hot, and you can use it to heat water or reheat food.
Heat from waste
Having studied the drawings and videos of making a stove with your own hands, we can confidently say that nothing is impossible. Assembling an oil fuel stove will not take much time.
Such a heating unit is an invaluable device for a garage or service station, where working out - waste material. It is only important to follow safety precautions and use the device correctly.
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Heating a private house without gas and electricity: a review of methods
A waste oil furnace is best option for heating warehouses, garages, and work spaces. The result of using such a stove combines good heating and low cost of fuel used. Used oil (“waste oil”) refers to those types of waste that are available in large quantities at any service station or garage. Such oil is difficult to recycle and almost impossible to dispose of.
Waste oil stoves are exactly the way to reuse this product. Any used oil - transmission, motor, industrial - can serve as fuel on which such homemade heating installations will operate.
Features of operation
Due to its design, the exhaust furnace can be made by hand. The undoubted advantages of this type of heating include:
- efficiency. Waste oil stoves are economical both in manufacturing, maintenance, and in the choice and consumption of fuel;
- mobility. The design drawing of the furnace provides for small dimensions, so the furnace body can be easily dismantled and moved to another location;
- energy independence. The operation of such equipment is not connected to either electrical networks or gas pipelines. It doesn't require additional sources power supply in the form of batteries and accumulators;
- The design of the oil stove allows its upper part to be used as a cooking surface.
However, there are also some problems associated with operation heating stoves running on oil. These include the need to install a high chimney, up to 4 meters high, as well as systematic weekly cleaning of the stove from dirt and soot.
Necessary materials
In order to assemble a furnace for testing with your own hands, you do not need to buy new ones hardware. You can use scrap metal, which is found in almost every garage. For example, a compressor housing from a refrigerator or any old cylinder can serve as a prototype for the manufacture of a combustion chamber.
You will also need two thin-walled pipes about 4 m long and 8-10 cm in diameter. They will play the role of the main and additional radiators. Another pipe is needed for exhaust. An approximate drawing of a single chamber oil furnace is given below:
Manufacturing technology (one chamber)
During operation, waste oil furnaces must be in a vertical position. To do this, you need to make legs - pieces of pipes or corners are suitable for this. Identical pieces of metal about 20 cm long need to be welded to the body of the future stove. After this, we install the homemade heating device in a vertical position.
We cut a hole in the upper part of the stove for the hood. In size it must correspond to the radius of the prepared pipe.
You can try to drill out a small cutout with a grinder, but it is better to make a hole with a larger diameter welding machine.
We weld the exhaust pipe. We make holes in the pipe body. For this work, you can use a grinder with a cutting wheel. The holes are made at a distance of 10 cm from the body and up to 0.5 m high. In the same pipe, at a distance of one meter, we make a cut into the second pipe - for an additional radiator. This work can be done with a welding machine. An additional radiator is located parallel to the floor, along the wall. At the top of the homemade stove we make a hole for supplying fuel.
This is the simplest version of the stove, which can be improved and made convenient and safe. For example, put a sheet of iron on a horizontal radiator - then the exhaust furnace can be used not only for heating, but also for heating water and cooking.
Plan (two cameras)
The furnace diagram consists of two chambers connected to each other by a piece of large diameter pipe with drilled holes.
The bottom half will be a container for waste oil, which will be used as fuel. At the same time it will be both a combustion chamber and an evaporator. An approximate drawing of such an installation is provided below:
Bottom part
Two-chamber waste oil stoves must have legs. The air gap between the floor and the bottom of the stove will serve as an additional factor that improves heating of the room.
A hole must be made in the lower housing, covered with a damper, to adjust the operating mode and supply fuel to the chamber.
Frame
A pipe with holes is welded into the upper cover of the lower housing. This pipe will become an afterburning chamber in which steam from boiling oil will burn. This design scheme can ensure almost complete combustion of fuel.
To the top heating system a heated cylindrical body is welded. There should be a partition inside it for delay warm foods combustion.
The chimney pipe is welded to the upper surface of the heating module. The diameter of such a pipe should be more than 100 mm, length - 3-4 m. The chimney should be placed vertically or at an angle.
The chimney must be positioned strictly vertically and with access to the street - this is the only way to avoid spontaneous extinguishing of an oil stove.
The chimney drawing shows that this part of the heating system should be collapsible - this will make it easier to clean it from dirt and soot.
For continuous operation of the oil heating system, it is necessary to ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel to the furnace body. To do this, you can weld an additional container just above the evaporator chamber, which will be connected to it by a separate metal pipe.
You can increase the efficiency of the stove, for example, by forcing the air flow to the top of the stove. To do this, the scheme changes slightly: an air heating chamber is mounted on the upper compartment of the heating device. A fan is installed next to it at a safe distance.
With the help of such a fan, air is pumped into the air exchanger, heated there and supplied to the heated room.
The basic drawing of the stove can be improved: for example, a heating boiler with a water circuit can be made on its basis. This way you can heat several rooms in one building.
Methods of operation
Oil does not burn on its own. To start the reaction, you need to throw a highly flammable “seed” into it. In the fuel compartment, about a glass of gasoline, alcohol or solvent is poured over the used oil. Using a wick on a long base, the seed is set on fire. When the “seed” burns, a certain amount of heat is released, which is necessary for the oil to boil.
When boiling, the oil evaporates. Hot oil vapor enters the afterburner pipe, which produces a stable column of fire in the pipe. 5-10 minutes after heating, the oven reaches a stable operating mode. Using a blower-damper, you can determine the intensity of heating and the heating power as a whole.
Safety requirements
Do not use flammable liquids as the main fuel. Gasolines or solvent are intended only to start the combustion process and are used in small quantities. In order to effectively use the heating system, you need to use only clean waste oil as fuel. Even a small admixture of water leads to sudden foaming of the oil, its release to the surface, after which a fire may occur.
Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the quality of the fuel and have a fire extinguisher nearby. An oil stove should not be used in rooms with strong drafts - this leads to the flame extinguishing in the stove. In order to re-ignite it, you will need to wait until the device case has completely cooled down.
Stoves should not be left unattended during testing, since under optimal operating conditions, their surface heats up to 800°C - this can ignite objects located nearby. After finishing work, you need to wait until the oven cools down to an acceptable temperature.
The exhaust stove had already taken its place in the heating equipment market in the late 60s, when garage cooperatives began to form and the need arose for cheap heating technical premises. Then the craftsmen came up with a scheme for using waste oil as fuel. But even today, the issue of making a furnace with your own hands using drawings remains relevant.
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Pros and cons of units
If the model is designed correctly, the device will not only heat the room, but will also be able to supply the owner with warm water for washing hands, making tea and more. Garages or special premises do not always have free place for storing firewood or other solid fuel, which is why craftsmen give preference to devices for testing.
Used oil can now be obtained almost free of charge, since it often needs to be disposed of after use. If it is impossible to find it for free from friends or neighbors, service stations are always ready to sell any amount of waste for a small fee.The heat output of the device is quite large and almost equal to electric heaters. In one hour of operation it can use from 0.5 to 2 liters of material. This heating method has many advantages, but there are also many disadvantages.
The advantages of the furnace during mining can be called the following factors:
- They are ideal for heating indoor spaces not only technical type, but also for greenhouses, rooms where birds or other pets live;
- if the stove is properly equipped and designed, it will not smoke or produce a lot of burning;
- such a device is easy to operate;
- Due to the fact that the waste is not incinerated, but burns, then when used correctly and following safety rules, it fully meets all required standards.
In addition to the visible advantages, we can also highlight some disadvantages:
- The device must not use oil containing various additives and impurities, since this can be explosive, and it will also clog the injectors;
- the chimney and stove often need cleaning;
- The device makes a lot of noise when operating.
Do-it-yourself baking oven!
You can make such a device yourself. But there are other options - for example, a pyrolysis furnace using waste oil or a furnace using turbo burners. Their operating principle is the same.
In this case, in the lower (vacuum) chamber of the device, due to the lack of oxygen access, the waste heats up, burns and releases steam, which passes into another chamber. This is where the combustion process occurs, since there is already enough oxygen there. The convenience of using this option is that you can regulate the amount of oxygen supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, respectively, reduce or increase the intensity of the combustion process.
The disadvantages include rapid contamination of the chambers and chimney with combustion products.
Besides, temperature regime cannot be maintained automatically, so the process must be constantly monitored. Although you can reduce or increase the access of oxygen, and thereby regulate the air temperature in the room. But it won’t be possible to set it exactly.
For self-production, a lot of available materials are used. These include gas, oxygen cylinders or ordinary barrels. They can be different diameters. Metal pipes, sheets and more are also used. The design itself is based on blowing or a drip system.
Do-it-yourself furnace
Using a gas cylinder
Gas cylinders are an excellent base material. The shape of these products is already the same as needed for the production of a stove for testing according to the scheme. In addition, the thickness of the metal allows the unit to be used for many years.
A device made from such a cylinder can provide heating for a room of 70-80 square meters. If you modify the design and complete the water circuit, the system will good analogue ordinary gas heating. The downside is that using this homemade device only possible for heating technical premises. The device is not suitable for apartment heating or a private home, as it produces too much noise and unpleasant odors.Such a furnace does not require the installation of a turbo burner for forced air supply, and the waste flows into it by gravity.
Necessary materials
As with any other device, to make a heater with your own hands using waste oil, you need to prepare all the tools.
For self-production you will need the following materials:
You will also need a standard set of tools, which is available in almost any workshop. These include welding, grinder, drill, grinder, construction level and tape measure, other plumbing tools.
Step by step guide
First you need to prepare the gas cylinder itself for use. You need to release the remaining gas from it and get rid of the specific smell.
For this purpose, the following actions:
- 1. The container is cleaned of accumulated condensate, then the container is washed with water in several stages. The whole process should take place only on the street.
- 2. Then it is buried halfway into the ground for stability. You can use any methods for these purposes, for example, installing it in a narrow tray.
- 3. The container is filled completely with water.
- 4. Its top is marked to make an even cut.
- 5. Then, according to the marks, the upper part is cut. Water will start flowing from the hole. You need to wait until the water has completely drained and only then continue working.
Heating the garage. Super - cylinder stove "100% efficient" / Propane wood stove
Subsequently, the cut top will serve as the lid of the fuel container, and the bottom will directly heat the room. Then the liquid from the cylinder is completely drained.
The device must be raised above the floor during operation. To do this, you need to weld legs about 20 cm high to it. When the unit is already “on its feet,” you can make holes for the chimney. Such work is performed 70 cm from the top of the structure, and the hole itself should be round, although this is not of fundamental importance. The main thing is that it meets the parameters of a pre-prepared chimney pipe, which is subsequently welded into the hole.
The weld seam must be tight and smooth. After this, the vertical part is welded to the horizontal part of the chimney. Its length is about 4 meters, and it will go outside. The vertical and horizontal parts are connected using an elbow. A hole is cut out from the bottom of the cylinder, which will serve as a blower. It closes with a door and thus it will be possible to regulate the air supply to the system.Next you should make a container for storing fuel. Typically, a pipe with a diameter of 14 cm and a height of 7-10 cm is used for this. You need to cut out the lid and immediately make two holes in it. They are performed according to the following rules:
- 1. The first is done exactly in the center of the device with a diameter of 10-12 cm and a pipe of the same diameter is welded to it.
- 2. The second is closer to the edge of the cover with a diameter of 7 cm. This hole will serve for filling the waste and adjusting the fuel supply.
Next you need to take metal pipe with a diameter equal to the central hole of the lid of the container for filling fuel, to which a round plate (plug) with a width equal to the diameter of the cylinder itself is welded on the upper side. The length of this pipe corresponds to the length of the same cylinder minus the length of the fuel container. The second end (bottom) of the pipe in question is welded to the central hole of the firebox (container).
New furnace using a gas cylinder.
Before this, holes must be drilled around the entire perimeter of the pipe. Next, the resulting structure should be installed inside the cylinder itself.
Now you can carry out the first tests of the device. This process is best done outside, as it can be explosive. If the test was successful, then you can bring it into the room and connect the chimney.
If you add a water heating circuit to the device, it will be able to heat fairly large rooms. A unit without such a device has one significant drawback: it will be very hot near the stove, and cold in the corner of the room. The water circuit effectively solves these problems.
Sheet metal construction
The use of metal sheets is a more common option for such devices. You can make an exhaust furnace from square pipe, but this option is not so popular.
Sheet metal model is popular for a number of reasons:
- it is compact;
- weighs no more than 30 kg;
- available hob, on which you can not only boil water, but also use it for cooking.
It is worth noting that such models exist in different configurations, weights and dimensions, but they all work on the same principle and with the same functionality.
The following basic precautions can be noted:
Thus, you can make your own stove of any size during mining without any problems. It will bring a lot of benefits to its owner.
