Aerotecnica Coltri Spa is one of the world's largest manufacturers of high pressure air compressors for breathing and technical gases. http://www.coltri.com/

WISS's main mission is to produce technologically advanced special fire trucks, fire trucks and work hoists. http://www.wiss.com.pl/

MSA is a global leader in the development and production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace safety. The company's priority areas are self-contained breathing apparatus, stationary and portable gas and fire detection systems, personal protective equipment against falls from heights, head, eye, face and respiratory protection, and gas analyzers. http://www.msasafety.com/

SAFER® innovations from Techplast Ltd. based on a 65% reduction in cylinder weight compared to a steel cylinder. The effect of lightness is achieved through the use of PET liner and high-quality carbon and aramid (Kevlar) fibers. http://www.safercylinders.net/

STAKO is a world leader in the design and production of pressure cylinders, which are widely used in many sectors of life. Our mission is to become the world's best manufacturer of pressure cylinders for air, LPG and CNG. http://www.stako.pl/

Worthington is a global manufacturer of high pressure cylinders. Seamless steel cylinders from Kinberg are known for their unique quality in more than 70 countries around the world. The latest innovative innovation is the Longlife Powercoat powder coating technology, which has defined new standard outer covering. http://worthingtonindustries.at/ru/

CJSC Eliot was founded in 1998 in St. Petersburg. It is a developer and manufacturer of fire-resistant materials and personal protective equipment for firefighters. The organization supplies personal protective equipment for the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defense, and enterprises of the oil, gas and chemical industries. http://www.zaoeliot.com/

KZPT is engaged in the production of protective helmets and helmets for special purposes from reinforced glass mat resins. This technology, over many years of production, has made it possible for the plant to specialize in the production of high-quality and functional helmets, which have received a positive rating nky both Polish and foreign users. http://www.kzpt.pl/

LLC "BLIK" - 7 years of leadership in the production of professional flashlights for industrial and military purposes! The BLIK company develops and produces professional battery-powered flashlights for search and rescue activities and general industrial purposes. The company's products are in demand by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for metro services, border guards, housing and communal services, etc. http://www.ooo-blik.ru/

Tierney and Henderson LLC is the exclusive distributor of the largest Russian manufacturer of hydraulic rescue tools (GASI) - the Aggregat plant. New tool It features a significantly wider range of products, improved characteristics, a more reliable and compact control unit, and a more convenient type of connector that allows you to connect the tool without releasing pressure. http://tierney-henderson.ru/

Fireco is a leader in the production of special telescopic masts made from high quality aluminum. They are equipped with halogen or LED bulbs, antennas, radars and cameras. Fireco also manufactures engine pumps and high-pressure kits for first responder vehicles. The wide range of telescopic masts also includes the Aquamast series, which is equipped with fire monitor for extinguishing fires in tall buildings. http://www.fireco.eu/

Company F.M. "BUMAR-KOSZALIN" has been supplying more than ten types of car lifts for more than seventy years, including: firefighting telescopic lifts designed for rescue operations, civil lifts. Many years of experience, knowledge and potential, together with a modern technological idea, as well as the company’s design capabilities, allow us to expand the range of products offered, thereby increasingly strengthening the position of the WISS Group on the international market. http://www.bumar.pl/

VTI Ventil Technik GmbH has been developing and manufacturing valves for medium and high pressure cylinders since 1946. It is the largest supplier to all countries of the world. The company's products meet all current requirements, and in some respects even exceed them. http://www.vti.de/

JANKO DOLENC s.p. Since 1979 it has been manufacturing gloves and safety shoes. In 2000, they began producing boots for firefighters and rescuers, and their certification was also carried out. Currently, the company employs 32 employees on 1,400 sq. m. m of production space. http://www.brandbull.si

The company “Latakva Fire Service” operates in the field of sales of fire equipment, fire service and repair, as well as in the production of fire protection protective compounds throughout Latvia and the Baltic. https://www.latakva.com/ru/

Since 1993, the company has been supplying equipment to the fire department and other emergency services and is engaged in the production of fire-fighting and rescue equipment.

Rice. 1. Scheme of training and admission of gas and smoke protection workers to work in personal protective equipment

In addition, personnel approved by the military medical (medical) commission to use RPE are required to undergo an annual medical examination.

Personnel from among gas and smoke protection personnel undergo certification in the order established by the rules certification of personnel of the State Fire Service for the right to work wearing personal respiratory and visual protection (Appendix 1).

Training of personnel in order to obtain the qualification (specialty) of a senior foreman (master) of the GDZS is organized by the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in training centers, V in the prescribed manner. Personnel temporarily performing the duties of full-time senior masters (masters) of the GDZS must have appropriate training.

The admission of personnel who have completed training to perform duties as a senior foreman (master) of the GDZS is formalized by order of the territorial body of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

For practical training gas and smoke protectors to work in RPE in an unsuitable for breathing environment, each local fire protection garrison must be equipped with thermal smoke chambers (smoke chambers) or training complexes, as well as fire strips psychological preparation firefighters.

2. BREATHING APPARATUS WITH COMPRESSED AIR

2.1. Purpose of breathing apparatus

A compressed air breathing apparatus is an insulating tank apparatus in which the air supply is stored in cylinders at excess pressure in a compressed state. The breathing apparatus works according to open circuit breathing, in which air comes from cylinders when you inhale, and exhales into the atmosphere.

Breathing apparatus with compressed air are designed to protect the respiratory organs and vision of firefighters from harmful effects unsuitable for breathing, toxic and smoky gas environment when extinguishing fires and performing emergency rescue operations.

2.2. Main performance characteristics

Let's consider the AP-2000 breathing apparatus, which operates according to an open breathing pattern (inhalation from the apparatus - exhalation into the atmosphere) and is intended for:

protection of human respiratory organs and vision from the harmful effects of toxic and smoky gas environments when extinguishing fires and emergency rescue operations in buildings, structures and production facilities; evacuation of a victim from an area with unbreathable gas

environment when used with a rescue device.

Technical characteristics of the device and its components comply with the requirements of the standards fire safety NPB-165-2001, NPB-178-99, NPB-190-2000.

The device is operational at air pressure in the cylinder(s) from 1.0 to 29.4 MPa (from 10 to 300 kgf/cm2). In the under-mask space of the front part* of the device, during breathing, excess pressure is maintained with pulmonary ventilation up to 85 l/min and a temperature range environment from –40 to +60 °C.

Excess pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow - (300 ± 100) Pa ((30 ± 10) mm water column).

The protective action time of the device with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min (moderate work) corresponds to the values indicated in table. 1.

				Table 1
Protective action time of the device AP-2000 Standard**

		Cylinder parameters
protective			Technical		Guarantee,
actions,	apparatus,		characteristics,
actions,			characteristics,
			l/kgf/cm2
			l/kgf/cm2
		Steel
		Metal composite
		Metal composite
		Metal composite
		Metal composite

The volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the inhaled mixture is no more than 1.5%.

* The front part of the device is a full-face panoramic mask, hereinafter referred to as a mask.

**AP-2000 Standard - equipped with PM-2000 mask and AP2000 lung demand valve

The actual breathing resistance during exhalation during the entire time of the protective action of the device and with pulmonary ventilation of 30 l/min (moderate work) does not exceed: 350 Pa (35 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of +25 ° C; 500 Pa (50 mm water column) - at an ambient temperature of –40 °C.

Air consumption during operation of the additional supply device (bypass) is no less than 70 l/min in the pressure range from 29.4 to 1.0 MPa (from 300 to 10 kgf/cm2).

The pulmonary valve of the rescue device opens at a vacuum of 50 to 350 Pa (5 to 35 mm of water column) at a flow rate of 10 l/min.

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus are sealed, and after closing the cylinder valve(s), the pressure drop does not exceed 2.0 MPa (20 kgf/cm) per minute.

The high and reduced pressure systems of the apparatus with a connected rescue device are sealed, and after closing the cylinder valve (cylinder valves), the pressure drop does not exceed 1.0 MPa (10 kgf/cm2) per minute.

The air duct system of the device with a connected rescue device is sealed, and when a vacuum and excess pressure of 800 Pa (80 mm water column) is created, the pressure change in it does not exceed 50 Pa (5 mm water column) per minute.

The alarm device is activated when the pressure in the cylinder drops to 6–0.5 MPa (60–5 kgf/cm2), and the signal sounds for at least 60 s.

Level sound pressure signaling device (when measured directly at the sound source) - at least 90 dBA. In this case, the frequency response of the sound created by the signaling device is in

affairs 800...4000 Hz.

Air consumption during operation of the signaling device is no more than 5 l/min. The cylinder valve is sealed in the “Open” and “Closed” positions when

all cylinder pressure values.

The valve is operational for at least 3000 opening and closing cycles.

The pressure at the reducer outlet (without flow) is:

no more than 0.9 MPa (9 kgf/cm2) at a pressure in the apparatus cylinder of 27.45...29.4

MPa (280...300 kgf/cm2);

not less than 0.5 MPa (5 kgf/cm2) at a pressure in the apparatus cylinder of 1.5 MPa

(15 kgf/cm2).

The reducer safety valve opens when the pressure at the reducer outlet is no more than 1.8 MPa (18 kgf/cm2).

The cylinders of the device can withstand at least 5000 loading (filling) cycles between zero and operating pressure.

The period for re-examination of apparatus cylinders is: 3 years for metal-composite cylinders; 5 years for steel cylinders from State Research and Production Enterprise “SPLAV”;

6 years (primary), 5 years - subsequent for the company’s steel cylinder

The service life of the apparatus cylinders is: 16 years for steel “FABER”;

11 years for the steel State Research and Production Enterprise "SPLAV";

10 years for the metal-composite JSC NPP Mashtest;

15 years for metal composite “LUXFER LCX”. The average service life of the device is 10 years. The weight of the mask does not exceed 0.7 kg.

According to the type of climatic modification, the device belongs to placement category 1 according to GOST 15150-96, but is designed for use at ambient temperatures from –40 to +60 ° C, relative humidity up to 100%, atmospheric pressure from 84 to 133 kPa (from 630 to 997.5 mm Hg).

The device is resistant to aqueous solutions of surfactants.

The mask, lung demand valve and rescue device are resistant to disinfectants used during sanitization:

rectified ethyl alcohol GOST 5262-80; aqueous solutions: hydrogen peroxide (6%), chloramine (1%), boric

acid (8%), potassium permanganate (0.5%).

2.3. Design and principle of operation of breathing apparatus

The basis of the apparatus (Fig. 2) is suspension system, which serves to mount all parts of the device on it and attach it to the human body, including the entire base 14, shoulder straps 1, end straps 13 and a waist belt 17.

Rice. 2. Breathing apparatus AP-2000: 1 - shoulder straps; 2 - hose low pressure; 3 - balloon; 4 - signal device hose; 5 - whistle; 6 - signaling device housing; 7 - pressure gauge; 8 - nipple; 9 - high pressure hose; 10 - valve handwheel; 11 - rescue device lock; 12 - hose; 13 - end belts; 14 - base; 15 - belt; 16 - lock; 17 - waist belt

The following components of the apparatus are mounted on the suspension system: cylinder with valve 3; gearbox (Fig. 3), fixed to base 14 using a bracket; signaling device with pressure gauge 7, housing 6, whistle 5 and hose 4 running from the gearbox along the left shoulder belt; low pressure hose 2, laid along the right shoulder belt, connecting the gearbox to the lung demand valve (Fig. 4, 6); hose 12 with lock 11 for connecting the rescue device (Fig. 5) to the device, coming from the gearbox along the right side of the waist belt; high-pressure hose 9 with plug nipple 8 for recharging the device using the bypass method, coming from the gearbox along the left side of the waist belt.

For more convenient mounting of the device on the user’s body, the harness system provides the ability to adjust the length of the straps.

To adjust the position of the shoulder straps depending on the user’s build, two groups of grooves are provided in the upper part of the base of the device.

Cylinder with valve is a container for storing a supply of compressed air suitable for breathing. The cylinder 3 (see Fig. 2) is tightly placed in the base cradle 14, while the upper part of the cylinder is fastened to the base using a belt 15 with a lock 16, which has a latch that prevents accidental opening of the lock.

To protect against damage to the surface of metal-composite cylinders

And To extend their service life, a cover can be used. The cover is made of thick red fabric. A white reflective tape is sewn on the surface of the case, which allows you to control the location of the user of the device in poor visibility conditions.

Signal device designed to give a sound signal,

warning the user about reducing the air pressure in the cylinder to 5.5...6.8 MPa (55...68 kgf/cm2), and consists of a housing 6 (see Fig. 2) and a whistle 5 and a pressure gauge 7 screwed into it. The device's pressure gauge is designed to control the pressure of compressed air in the cylinder when the valve is open.

The reducer (Fig. 3) is designed to reduce the pressure of compressed air

And supplying it to the pulmonary valves of the apparatus and rescue device.

On the gearbox housing 1 there is a threaded fitting 3 with a handwheel 2 for connection to the cylinder valve.

The built-in safety valve 6 of the reducer protects the low-pressure cavity of the device from excessive pressure growth at the outlet of the reducer.

The gearbox ensures operation without adjustment throughout its entire service life and is not subject to disassembly. The gearbox is sealed with sealing paste; if the seals are not intact, the manufacturer will not accept claims regarding the operation of the gearbox.

Depending on the configuration, the device may include two variants of masks: PM-2000 with lung demand valve 9B5.893.497 (option 1); “Pana Seal” made of neoprene or silicone with a rubber or mesh headband with a lung demand valve 9B5.893.460 (option 2).

Rice. 3. Gearbox: 1 - gearbox housing; 2 - handwheel; 3 - threaded fitting; 4 - ring 9В8.684.909; 5 - cuff; 6 - safety valve; 7 - seal

The mask (Fig. 4) is designed to isolate the respiratory organs and vision of a person from the environment, supply air from the lung demand valve 6 for breathing through the inhalation valves 3 located in the mask 2, and remove exhaled air through the exhalation valve 8 into the environment.

Rice. 4. PM-2000 mask with lung demand valve: 1 - mask body; 2 - sub-mask; 3 - class

pans of inhalation; 4 - intercom; 5 - nut; 6 - pulmonary valve; 7 - multifunction button; 8 - exhalation valve; 9 - pulmonary valve hose; 10 - strap; 11 - lock; 12 - headband straps; 13 - valve box cover

The body of the mask 1 has a built-in intercom 4, which provides the ability to transmit voice messages.

IN The design of the mask provides the ability to adjust the length of the headband straps 12 .

Pulmonary demand valve 6(Fig. 4) is designed to supply air into the internal cavity of the mask with excess pressure, as well as turn on additional continuous air supply in case of failure of the lung demand valve or lack of air to the user. The lung demand valve is attached to the mask using

Use threaded nuts M45× 3.

Rescue device(Fig. 5) is intended to protect the respiratory organs and vision of the injured person when he is rescued by the user of the device and removed from an area with an unsuitable gas environment.

The rescue device includes:

mask 1 worn in a bag, representing the front part of the ShMP-1

height 2 GOST 12.4.166;

lung demand valve 2 with bypass button 2.1 and hose 3.

The lung demand valve is attached to the mask using a 2.2 nut with a circle thread

loy 40×4.

Rice. 5. Rescue device: 1 -

mask; 2 - pulmonary valve: 2.1 - bypass button;

2.2 - nut; 3 - hose

To connect the rescue device to the device, use hose 12 with a quick-release lock (see Fig. 2), which the manufacturer installs on the device when ordering the rescue device. The design of the lock prevents accidental undocking during operation.

If there is no order, plug 11 is installed on the gearbox (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Schematic diagram apparatus AP-2000: 1 - pulmonary valve: 1.1 - valve;

1.2, 1.9, 1.10 - spring; 1.3 - ring; 1.4 - membrane; 1.5 - valve seat; 1.6 - support; 1.7 - rod; 1.8 - button; 1.11 - cover; 2 - mask: 2.1 - panoramic glass; 2.2 - inhalation valves; 2.3 - exhalation valve; 3 - cylinder with valve: 3.1 - cylinder; 3.2 - valve; 3.3 - handwheel; 3.4 - ring 9в8.684.919; 4 - signaling device: 4.1 - pressure gauge; 4.2 - whistle; 4.3 - retaining ring; 4.4 - ring; 5 - rescue device: 5.1 - hose; 5.2 - pulmonary valve; 5.3 - mask; 5.4 - bypass button; 5.5 - nipple; 6 - high pressure hose: 6.1 - ring; 7 - hose for connecting the rescue device: 7.1 - lock; 7.2 - bushing; 7.3 - ball; 7.4 - valve; 8 - gearbox: 8.1 - valve; 8.2 - spring; 8.3 - ring 9В8.684.909; 9 - a hose with a plug nipple for recharging cylinders; 10 - pulmonary valve hose; 11, 12 - traffic jams; A, B - cavities

Structurally, the pulmonary valve of the rescue device differs from the pulmonary valve of the apparatus in the absence of the possibility of creating excess pressure and the type of thread for attaching to the mask.

Device for recharging the device with air provides the opportunity

It is possible to recharge the device’s cylinder using the bypass method without interrupting the operation of the device.

The device includes a high-pressure hose 9 (see Fig. 2) with a plug nipple 8, installed on the device by the manufacturer when ordering the device for recharging, and a hose with a half-coupler for connecting to a high-pressure source.

If the device is not ordered, plug 12 is installed on the gearbox (Fig. 6).

Device control(see Fig. 2) is carried out using the valve handwheel 10.

The valve opens when the handwheel is rotated counterclockwise until it stops.

To close the valve, the handwheel rotates clockwise until it stops without applying much effort.

The activation of the lung demand valve mechanism when the valve is open is carried out automatically - by the effort of the user’s first breath.

The lung demand valve mechanism is switched off forcibly as follows: press the bypass button all the way, hold it for 1-2 s, then release it smoothly.

The additional air supply device (bypass) is turned on by smoothly pressing the bypass button and holding it in this position.

Air pressure is monitored using pressure gauge 7 mounted on hose 4, which is located on the left shoulder strap suspension system. The pressure gauge scale is photoluminescent for use in low light and darkness.

In Fig. 6. shows a schematic diagram of the AP-2000 apparatus.

Before switching on to the apparatus, valve(s) 3.2 is closed, valve 8.1 of the gearbox 8 is opened by spring force 8.2, lung demand valve 1 is turned off by pressing button 1.8 all the way.

When switching on the device, the user opens the valve(s) 3.2. The compressed air contained in the cylinder 3.1 flows through the open valve 3.2 to the inlet of the gearbox 8. At the same time, air flows through the high pressure hose 6 to the signaling device 4.

Under the influence of air pressure coming from the gearbox inlet into cavity B, spring 8.2 is compressed and valve 8.1 closes. When air is drawn through hose 9, the pressure in cavity B decreases and valve 8.1, under the action of spring 8.2, opens to a certain amount.

An equilibrium state is established in which air with pressure reduced to a working value determined by the force of the spring 8.2 flows through the hose 9 to the inlet of the lung demand valve 1 and into the cavity of the hose 7.

When the lung demand valve 1 is turned off and the mask 2 is removed from the user's face, the button lock 1.8 is engaged with the membrane 1.4, which, by the force of the spring 1.9, is retracted to the extreme non-working position and does not touch the support 1.6, and the valve 1.1 is closed by the force of the spring 1.2. When a mask is put on the face during the first inhalation, a vacuum is formed in cavity A of the pulmonary valve 1. Under the influence of a pressure difference, the membrane 1.4 bends, jumps off the button 1.8 latch and enters the working state. Under the force of spring 1.10, membrane 1.4 presses on support 1.6 and, through rod 1.7, deflects valve 1.1 from seat 1.5.

If the lung demand valve fails or it is necessary to purge the submask space, valve 1.1 opens by pressing and holding the bypass button 1.8, while the air flows in a continuous flow. It should be remembered that turning on an additional continuous feed reduces the protective action time of the device.

The lung demand valve, using spring 1.10 together with the spring-loaded exhalation valve 2.3 of the mask, creates an air flow with excess pressure, which flows first onto the panoramic glass 2.1, preventing it from fogging, and then through the inhalation valves 2.2 - on breathing.

Available in two sheets)

Methodology for carrying out certification of GDZ

Certification is carried out in the following sequence according to significance:

1. Psychological examination;

2. Physical performance test (PWC 170);

3. Acceptance of practical skills (GDZS standards, test No. 1 of RPE, passing the technical characteristics of RPE);

4. Acceptance of theoretical tests.

I. Psychological examination (vocational selection) Chapter IV of order 163/88

Conducted by a qualified psychologist legal entity(accepted by a State University psychologist) according to tests. If the test result is “Not recommended”, the candidate is not allowed to take further tests.

II.Physical performance test (PWC 170) Appendix No. 9 of order 163/88

It is carried out in the following order. We check the subject’s body weight and age. Within 3 min. 50 sec. subject in outerwear climbs a step 25 cm high. Immediately upon completion, within 10 seconds. We measure the pulse rate. Give it 2 minutes. to rest. Then within 3 minutes. 50 sec. The subject climbs to the top step. Immediately upon completion within 10 seconds. We measure the pulse rate. When performing exercises, we monitor the frequency of execution using a metronome and the time using a stopwatch. If the indicator is “Low”, a commission decision is made on further testing.

III. Reception of practical skills

Compliance with GDS standards

- No. 1 putting on and plugging into the device (correctness within 60 seconds);

- No. 2 Fastening to the structure (6; 8; 9 sec.)

- No. 3 Double rescue knitting with putting on (32; 38; 45 sec.).

Check No. 1 RPE.

When checking No. 1 you need to check:

1. Preparing the device system for operation (attach the tube from the dummy to the device, stick in a carrot, move the distributor handle to the “-” position, create a vacuum of 1000 Pa, set the distributor handle to the “closed” position, time 1 minute on the stopwatch, press the “ button reset”, equalizing the pressure between 1000 and 900 Pa and again marking 1 minute (if the pressure has not dropped, the system is sealed).

2. Checking the tightness of the head with excess pressure (switch to the “inflating” position, 25-30 strokes with the pump, check the tightness of the connections with a soap solution, time for 1 minute)

3. Serviceability of the mask.

4. Serviceability of the device as a whole.

5. The presence of excess pressure in the submask space and the tightness of the high and reduced pressure system.

6. Alarm pressure.

7. Serviceability of the additional air supply device (bypass).

8. Air pressure in the cylinder.

Checking the serviceability of the mask make a visual check that the mask is complete and that its elements are not damaged. For this:

· disconnect the mask from the lung demand valve;

· turn the chin cup outward;

· inspect the glass of the mask and its body, the body of the mask holder, the inhalation valve, the exhalation valve and the intercom;

Make sure there is no damage panoramic glass, ruptures of the intercom membrane, punctures of the mask body and liner.

Checking the serviceability of devices in general carried out by external inspection, in this case:

· connect the lung demand valve to the mask, having first checked that the sealing ring is not damaged;

· check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the apparatus, cylinder (cylinders), pressure gauge and make sure that there is no mechanical damage to components and parts.

Checking for overpressure in the under-mask space and the tightness of the high and reduced pressure system:

· the dummy is connected with a hose to the device, the lung demand valve is turned off, the installation distributor handle is set to position (-), the panoramic mask is put on the head dummy, the occipital straps are tightened (starting from the lower to the upper) until the mask seal is completely adjacent to the surface of the dummy;

· open the cylinder valve;

· the pump creates a vacuum until the valve of the pulmonary valve is activated (turned on) (a characteristic click is heard), the distributor handle is turned to the “closed” position;

· the pressure gauge on the device determines the submask excess pressure parameter (300±100 Pa);

· close the cylinder valve, turn on the stopwatch and record its reading using the pressure gauge of the device being tested, while the pressure drop should not exceed 1 MPa in 1 minute;

· if, as a result of checks, the drop in air pressure in the system in 1 minute does not exceed 2 MPa (20 kg/cm2) with the rescue device disconnected, the device is considered sealed;

Checking the alarm pressure:

· with the cylinder valve closed, use the lung demand valve to release the pressure until the sound signal sounds, while the parameters are recorded using the pressure gauge of the device (50 - 60 kg s/cm2).

Checking the serviceability of the additional air supply device(bypass) is produced as follows:

· open the cylinder valve;

· by smoothly pressing the lung demand valve button, open the additional air supply and verify the serviceability of the device by the characteristic sound of the air supply.

Checking the air pressure in the cylinder:

· the cylinder valve opens and a reading is recorded on the pressure gauge, which must be at least 24.5 MPa (260 kg s/cm2).

TTX RPE:

The principle of operation of breathing apparatus with compressed air, their technical characteristics.

The breathing apparatus is made according to an open circuit with exhalation into the atmosphere and works as follows: when the valve is opened, 1 air is released high pressure comes from cylinder 2 into the high pressure cavity A of the reducer 5 and after reduction into the reduced pressure cavity B. The reducer maintains a constant reduced pressure in cavity B regardless of changes in inlet pressure. In the event of a malfunction of the reducer and an increase in the reduced pressure, safety valve 6 is activated. From cavity B of the reducer, air flows through hose 7 into the lung demand valve 8 of the device and through hose 9 into the lung demand valve of the rescue device. The pulmonary demand valve ensures the maintenance of a given excess pressure in cavity D. When inhaling, air from cavity D of the pulmonary demand valve is supplied to cavity B of the mask 11. The air, blowing the glass 12, prevents it from fogging. Next, through the inhalation valves 13, air enters cavity G for breathing. When you exhale, the inhalation valves close, preventing exhaled air from reaching the glass. To exhale air into the atmosphere, the exhalation valve 14, located in the valve box 15, opens. The exhalation valve with a spring allows you to maintain a given excess pressure in the submask space. To monitor the air supply in the cylinder, air from the high-pressure cavity A flows through the high-pressure capillary tube 16 into the pressure gauge 17, and from the low-pressure cavity B through the hose 18 to the whistle 19 of the signaling device 20. When the working air supply in the cylinder is exhausted, the whistle is turned on, warning with an audible signal about the need to immediately exit to a safe area.

High pressure – up to 300 atm;

Reduced pressure – 4.5 – 9.0 atm;

Pressure in the under-mask space – 0.3 – 0.4 atm;

Sound signal activation – 60 +/- 10 atm;

Operation of the excess valve – 11-18 atm;

Operating time after sound signal is activated – 9 – 13 minutes;

The weight of the device is 7 – 12.5 kg. (depending on the type of cylinder).

If you receive a score of “2” in one of the types of practice, you are not allowed to count in theory.

A person needs air for the functioning of the body. It contains vital oxygen and nitrogen. But sometimes a situation may arise when it is impossible to get access to the usual air. This problem is relevant for divers, firefighters and many others. And in these cases, breathing apparatus with compressed air comes to the rescue. What are they? What variety of them exist? How to look after them? These, as well as a number of other questions, will be answered within the framework of this article.

general information

And we should start with terminology. So, compressed air breathing apparatus (also known as DASV) is an insulating reservoir device that provides the ability to store the necessary for the operation human body substances. As a rule, a cylinder is selected for this purpose. The air in it is stored in a compressed state. DASV work according to an open breathing pattern. In other words, inhalation is carried out from the cylinder, and exhalation is carried out into the surrounding atmosphere. What do compressed air breathing apparatus look like in general? Their design usually assumes the presence of:

Cylinder with valve.
Hanging system.
Reducer with safety valve.
Pulmonary demand valve with air hose.
Sound signaling device.
Exhalation valve.
Additional air supply devices.
Pressure gauge.
Front part with intercom.

The following can also be additionally attached:

A fitting that is used for quick refilling of cylinders.
A rescue device connected to a breathing apparatus.
Quick connector for connecting a rescue device or ventilator equipment.

When trying to classify DASV, the question immediately arises of what to choose as a starting point. So, if you look at the design, it will be one thing, the purpose will be completely different. Questions about air flow rates, air reserves and much more are also relevant. Therefore, in order not to get lost in the future among the three pines, let's look at all the species diversity.

Classification of breathing apparatus

They don't have to be with compressed air. If we consider the design, they are created:

With open circuit. These are the compressed air breathing apparatuses under consideration.
WITH closed loop. They operate on compressed, liquefied or generated oxygen. Quite rarely widespread due to complex maintenance, as well as high fire hazard.

In addition, the classification is also carried out based on the principle of their operation: non-autonomous. If we talk about application in difficult conditions(for example, for firefighters), then such devices belong to the second type. And this is not surprising - who knows where you will have to climb.

In addition, there are pulmonary valves with and without excess air pressure under the front part of the device. These devices are more aimed at people who have to work in high temperatures. For example, firefighters. Excessive pressure in this case is necessary in order to protect people from a smoky and toxic gas environment when extinguishing fires. After all, they perform their duties in extreme conditions, in which staying without special breathing apparatus is guaranteed to cause health problems or may even result in death. Structurally, they are an insulated gas mask that does not involve the use of ambient air.

Interaction with the structure: check

Respiratory protection in case of fire or deep sea diving is a priority. And in this case, it is extremely important that everything works without problems. Therefore, the design must be carefully and thoroughly checked. A list of what is included has already been presented previously. Now let's look at the intended purpose of each component and why testing a breathing apparatus with compressed air is needed:

The front part allows you to protect human organs and provides familiar working conditions for the entire body.
One/two/three cylinders are needed to store compressed air. To prevent it from getting lost, they are equipped with a shut-off valve.
A system of flexible hoses provides air supply to the breathing zone.
A pressure gauge is needed to determine residues.
The alarm mechanism warns that work will soon stop and that the danger zone should be left.
The cylinder is charged using high-pressure compressors, which are equipped with a system for filtering and drying the ambient air.

For prompt preparation of equipment in the middle of the work process and further activities, additional rescue devices can be used. Their purpose is to quickly restore air reserves. If everything is done correctly, then a person will be created comfortable breathing conditions, in which supplies will be spent economically, and there will also be no third-party chemical components. When inspecting the structure, it is necessary to pay attention to the signaling mechanism - you need to ensure that it works without problems. All this will help protect your life from possible problems.

However, it should be noted that all these devices have significant weight and dimensions, and the cylinders also require periodic recharging.

And a little about gas masks

For most people, this topic relates exclusively to civil defense. Well, it should be noted that gas masks have a much wider application than is usually attributed to them. And this is not surprising, because almost no attention is paid to other aspects. For example, it is difficult for many to imagine what an insulated gas mask is. It applies mostly exclusively to firefighters. An insulating gas mask allows you to maintain high mobility while protecting you from harmful gases. It’s no secret that the overwhelming number of people who die in fires get carbon monoxide poisoning and lose consciousness before they burn out.

An insulating gas mask works on the principle of scuba gear. It should be noted that the compressed air in it is under extremely high pressure. If the valve bursts, then if it hits a person, he will be seriously injured, perhaps even incompatible with life. Since these devices are small, the operating time with them is 30-40 minutes. Usually this is more than enough. But still, firefighters often carry several spare parts with them.

By the way, gas masks can work not only with air, but also with oxygen. In this case, their shelf life can reach four hours. This advantage is used when working in mines, subways and other similar structures. But there is one significant drawback - teeth deteriorate very quickly. If you constantly work in such a device, they will crumble as if they were made of plaster. Therefore, an oxygen insulating gas mask is used quite rarely. Again exclusively in unfavorable conditions when other devices are not suitable. That is, initially the air supply can be calculated and the necessary actions can be assessed, and then the appropriate choice can be made.

Nuances of work

The pressure under which the air in the cylinder is located is estimated by default at 300 atmospheres. In the future, this indicator is influenced by the frequency and depth of breaths. This is what it depends on internal pressure and activity time with protection. Many may have a question: if work in breathing apparatus with compressed air takes place in such conditions, then how does a person not get crushed inside the mask? This fact has a very simple explanation: the whole point is that when it goes through the hoses, it has to pass through a special gearbox. It sprays air in a thin (but powerful) stream, creating a pressure of two atmospheres in the mask. If the gearbox fails, the air will not spread around the person, but the air supply will simply be cut off.

It should also be noted that caution is required when working with rooms containing toxic and dangerous gas mixtures. Let's look at one important example. Movies often show a lone firefighter rushing forward to get someone out. In reality, this is contrary to safety regulations. If firefighters enter a dangerous room, then their team must consist of at least three people (two, if more is impossible for certain reasons). Also, as a safety precaution, one person should always stand outside. He calculates the remaining time for the team, estimates when they should leave, and the like.

It should be noted that this point is often ignored, and in practice, everyone who has respiratory protection equipment in case of fire goes inside the facility.

What are the differences between the different devices?

Since respiratory protection equipment for rescuers in case of a fire or chemical accident has become widespread, we will consider this issue from already known positions. What is their difference? Let's say a fireman needs to give an answer. So, if you try to dive under water with his respiratory protection kit, the water will put pressure on the gearbox valve. The deeper, the stronger.

It is considered safe to dive to three meters. Next, there will be problems with the gearbox valve - it will not open, which is why air will not flow.

But it is quite possible to stay in space with only a cylinder of compressed air like firefighters have. True, high-quality sealing is not ensured, and the air supply is limited - therefore it is not recommended for this purpose.

How are they similar?

Initially, it should be noted that the price is quite high. A high-quality kit costs in the range from 40 to 80 thousand rubles, although relatively cheap devices are sold, the task of which is to provide a small gain in time for people who do not take risks on an ongoing basis.

It is also common for the device itself to be assigned to several people. But the mask is for only one person. This is done for sanitary and hygienic reasons - in case someone has herpes.

It should be noted that the weight is quite significant, measured in kilograms. After several hours of walking, back pain occurs.

The operating principle of the devices is the same. Numerical parameters vary, which can affect both the timing and the size of the device. Thus, a compressed air cylinder can be designed for either 10-15 minutes or several hours.

We will devote time to the representative of these means of protection

So far we have considered conditionally generalized devices. Now let's look at specific representatives.

You can start with AP-2000 (Respiratory apparatus). It is designed to protect eyesight and respiratory organs from exposure to hazardous smoky and toxic environments during fire fighting and emergency response. It can also be used to evacuate an injured person from danger zone, in which an unbreathable environment is observed.

AP-2000 is an insulating tank device. The air supply is stored in a compressed state in cylinders. In this case, the working pressure ranges from 1 MPa to 29.4 MPa, or, in other words, from 10 kgf/cm2 to 300 kgf/cm2. The full panoramic mask of the device allows you to maintain excess pressure for pulmonary ventilation. This figure can reach 85 liters per minute.

The operating temperature range is from -40 to +60 degrees Celsius. The excess pressure in the under-mask space at zero air flow is maintained at 300±100 Pascals, which for clarity is equivalent to 30±10 millimeters of water or 0.225 mercury.

The duration of the protective action is influenced by the severity of the work performed, as well as temperature. So, for example, with a flow rate of 30 l/min and 25 degrees Celsius, the device can perform operations for 60-80 minutes (depending on the specific configuration). Whereas at minus 40 this figure will be only 45-60.

It should be noted that this is not the best example on the market. For example, there is a breathing apparatus with compressed air AP “Omega”, which was built taking into account the wishes of those people who operated the AP-2000. It has increased safety, comfort, as well as some additional functions. Let's look at it in more detail.

What is the structure of the breathing apparatus AP "Omega"?

It is made from the following parts:

Suspension system and lightweight panel. Made from composite materials, comfortable, have an ergonomic surface profile to ensure maximum comfort for the user. The harness system includes soft shoulder straps and a comfort belt.
Hoses. They have high frost, oil and petrol resistance, are highly durable, and can also withstand the effects of surfactants. The hoses are designed in such a way as to eliminate the possibility of breakage during operation, and also provide maximum safety during active work. The hoses have tees, which are equipped with two quick-release connections. They are used for the main mask and also for the rescue device.
Pulmonary demand valve AP-98-7KM. This miniature servo-driven device is made of high-strength plastic. It has a bypass, as well as a button to turn off the overpressure. It is attached to the side of the mask, so it does not interfere with head tilt. To turn on/off the bypass, you only need to turn the handwheel on the body, which allows you to quickly and practically without using your hands to perform manipulations.
Pulmonary demand valve AP-2000. Made from high-strength polycarbonate. The case has a multifunctional button for turning on additional air supply/turning off excess pressure (also known as bypass).
Pulmonary demand valve AP "Delta". Small design that does not interfere with tilting and turning the head. There are two options for bypass operation. Can work automatically or manually.

What else?

We have considered the first part of the list. The second one looks like this:

Mask PM-2000. Designed specifically for breathing apparatus of the AP series. Among the advantages, one should remember the increased ergonomics and quality of the material used.
Delta mask. It was developed by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. Suitable for any type of compressed air breathing apparatus that has excess pressure in the under-mask space. Features low inhalation and exhalation resistance. The design allows the air flow to evenly blow across the sight glass, thereby preventing it from freezing and fogging. This allows the mask to be used for a wide range of temperatures - from -50 to +60 degrees Celsius. You can also install a communication device in it.
Mask "PANA SIL". Is panoramic. A lateral connection of the lung demand valve is provided. Can be used together with a welding shield.
Alarm device with pressure gauge. It is located on the shoulder strap and has a rotating joint.
Gearbox. A simple and reliable device for which a built-in valve is provided. It provides stable reduced pressure for the entire service life of the device. Additional adjustments during operation are not necessary.
High pressure cylinders and valves. The apparatus uses two types of tanks: steel (Russia or Italy) and metal composite (Russian Federation or USA). The valves are provided with a vertical and horizontal flywheel arrangement. There are several options for their design: with a shut-off valve (prevents the occurrence of a jet stream when breaking off); with a membrane-type safety device (protects the cylinder from explosion when the pressure increases when the cylinder is heated, etc.); both options.

Let's say a word about maintenance

Here we practically consider breathing apparatus with compressed air. All that remains is to pay attention to how to care for these devices. After all, timely maintenance of breathing apparatus with compressed air is the key to their constant readiness and high reliability during operation. Which, accordingly, allows us to ensure safety for life and health. In order for the devices to function well, it is necessary to carry out a certain set of organizational and technical measures and work. Depending on their purpose and nature, two groups are distinguished:

Maintenance system. This includes work aimed at maintaining the device in a usable condition.
Repair system. This includes work aimed at restoring the lost functional suitability of parts and assemblies.

An inspection is carried out to identify what is needed. There are several types:

This is carried out to maintain the device in good condition.
A routine check to make sure that all parts and mechanisms are working as they should.
Disinfection, replacement of oxygen cylinders and the like.

All these actions allow you to keep compressed air devices ready for use.

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic.

Brief instructions by application

Personal protective equipment /PPE/ - insulating technical means individual protection of human respiratory organs and vision from exposure to an unsuitable environment for breathing.

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic- complies with European standard 89/686 EWG. It is a device for compressed air(balloon respirator) according to EN 137, has a fire safety certificate.

1. Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus

4. Schematic diagram of the operation of the Drager device

5. Inspections of personal protective equipment, the order of their conduct and frequency

6. Calculation of operating parameters in RPE

Main performance characteristics of DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic

Protective action time	up to 120 min	Backrest weight with gearbox, pressure gauge and suspension system	2.7 kg
Weight of DASV assembled, in running order	1 cylinder	2 cylinders	Panoramic mask weight	0.5 kg
9.4 kg	15.8 kg
Output pressure from the reducer (Pr.out.)	7.2 atm. (6-9 atm.)	Pulmonary demand valve weight	0.5 kg
Pressure at which the reducer operates	from 10 to 330 atm.	Cylinder weight (without air / with air)	4.0 / 6.4 kg
Whistle (sound signal) pressure	55 atm. ± 5 atm.	Cylinder volume (Laxfer)	6.8 l / 300 atm.
The pressure relief valve of the reducer is activated by pressure	13 - 20 atm.	The amount (reserve) of air in the 1st cylinder	2100 l
Overpressure (sub-mask pressure)	0.25-0.35 atm	Amount (reserve) of air in 2 cylinders	4200 l
Breathing resistance when inhaling	no more than 5 millibar	Minimum entry pressure	265 atm.
Temperature limit of DASV operation	From -45 to +65 degrees C	Air flow	30 – 120 l/min
Air tank dimensions (without valve)	520x156 mm	Air consumption during: - light work - average job- hard work	30-40 l/min 70-80 l/min 80-120 l/min
Dimensions (without cylinder, with load-bearing straps folded for storage)	Length: 620 mm Width: 320 mm Height: 150 mm	Average pressure flow (atm./minute) for: - light work - medium work - heavy work	1 cylinder	2 cylinders
	2,5

2. Description of the components of the breathing apparatus .

DRAGER PA 94 Plus Basic consists of the following parts:

1. Back (lodgment)

2. Gearbox

3. Sound signal (whistle)

4. Pressure gauge

5. Tee (adapter)

6. Pulmonary demand valve

7. Panoramic mask (Panorama Nova SP)

8. Two air cylinders (Laxfer).

Back (lodgment).

The cradle consists of a plastic plate made of antistatic material (fiberglass-reinforced antistatic duroplast) adjusted to the human figure, which has holes for grasping with hands when carrying a balloon respirator. The wide, padded waist belt allows the device to be worn on the hips. The weight of the balloon respirator can thus be transferred from the shoulders to the hips. All belts are quick-change and made from Aramid/Nomex - a fabric that is non-flammable or self-extinguishing.

On the lower part of the cradle there are: a mount for a pressure reducer and an elastic shock protection element. In the upper part of the cradle there is a cylinder support with a built-in fastening line, which, in combination with a folding bracket, a cylinder fastening tape and a tension buckle, makes it possible to attach various compressed air cylinders.

Each breathing apparatus has an individual number, which is located on the back, has a designation of 4 letters and 4 numbers (BRVS-0026).

Pressure reducer

The pressure reducer body is made of brass. It is attached to the bottom load-bearing frame. The pressure reducer contains a safety valve, a pressure gauge hose with a pressure gauge, an audible signal and a medium pressure hose. The pressure reducer reduces the pressure from the cylinder (10-330 atm.) to 6÷9 atm. (bar). The safety valve is adjusted in such a way that it is activated at a pressure in the medium pressure section of 13÷20 bar. The gearbox does not require maintenance for 6 years, after maintenance - another 5 years (sealed).

Two hoses come out of the gearbox:

Medium pressure hose – the Plus-A lung demand valve and the Panorama Nova Standard P panoramic mask are attached to the medium pressure hose;

High pressure hose – attaches to the high pressure hose sound signal(whistle) and pressure gauge.

The minimum pressure at which the reducer ensures uninterrupted operation is 10 atm. This is the guaranteed minimum pressure from the manufacturer, at which human safety is ensured.

Sound signal (whistle) - warning device and 2.4. Pressure gauge

The warning device is adjusted so that it produces an acoustic signal when the pressure in the cylinder drops to the response pressure of 55 ± 5 bar. Activated by high pressure, the whistle uses medium pressure. The alarm sounds until the air supply is almost completely used up. Sustained sound over 90 dBl up to 10 bar (atm.). The whistle is built into the pressure gauge hose. The whistle and pressure gauge are fully protected. The pressure gauge scale is luminescent.

Note: Breathing apparatus is supplied with a set value of 55 bar +/_ 5 bar.

Tee

The tee allows the connection of two 6.8 l/300 bar composite cylinders.

Pulmonary demand valve

The lung demand valve Plus A is switched on with the first breath. To turn off the aircraft, you must press the red key.

Panoramic mask

Panoramic mask Panorama Nova Standard P is attached to the head using a five-ray headband. The mask has a plastic glass frame and a speaking membrane. Glass – polycarbonate. The mask has a valve box - 2 inhalation valves (the first is for breathing, the second is for providing air pressure of 0.25-0.35 atm) and 1 exhalation valve. The exhalation pressure from the panoramic mask is 0.42-0.45 atm.

Compressed air cylinders

The device is equipped with Laxfer metal composite cylinders with a capacity of 6.8 liters with a working pressure in the cylinder of 300 bar (atm.). Depending on the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, external icing may occur on the cylinder valve, pressure reducer and connection, but this does not matter for the operation of the device.

Each air cylinder has an individual number, which has a designation of 2 letters and 5 numbers (LN 21160).

When going on combat duty, the air pressure in the RPE cylinders must be at least 265 atm. – requirement for this device electronic system automatic control and warnings from DRAGER Bodyguard II(bodyguard).

When 2 cylinders are opened, provided that the cylinders had different pressures, the pressure in the cylinders equalizes, the total pressure drops, air flows from one cylinder to the second (a characteristic hissing sound is heard), since they are communicating vessels. The time of protective action, however, does not decrease.

Requirements for working with breathing apparatus and safety when working with it

1. When working in RPE, it is necessary to protect it from direct contact with open flames, impacts and damage, do not remove the mask or pull it back to wipe the glass, and do not turn off even for a short time. Switching off from RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander: “GDZS unit, from breathing apparatus - turn off!”

2. The valve is opened by rotating the handle counterclockwise. To prevent involuntary closure during use, cylinder valves should be opened at least two turns. Do not forcefully twist it all the way.

3. When connecting cylinders, do not allow dirt to get on the threaded connections.

4. When screwing or unscrewing cylinders, the “3-finger” system is used. Do not use force.

5. When activating the lung demand valve into the atmosphere (without a mask - as a backup option), take the first breath after 3 seconds. after air supply.

6. Safety precautions when putting on a face mask: beard, mustache, glasses come into contact with the seals of the face mask and may adversely affect the safety of the wearer.

7. When attaching air cylinders Do not force the fastening straps onto the back of the device until the fastener closes (Tavlo system).

8. When servicing a panoramic mask, do not wash it with organic solvents (gasoline, acetone, alcohol). For maintenance, use a foamy solution of baby soap.

9.Drying of the mask is carried out at a temperature of no more than 60 degrees C.

10. During operation, the glass of the panoramic mask must not be wiped with gloves, leggings, or dirty rags, so as not to damage the glass.

11. If, during inspection No. 1 and No. 2 of breathing apparatus, faults are found that cannot be eliminated by the owner, they are removed from the combat crew and sent to the GDZS base for repair, and the gas and smoke protection officer is given a backup apparatus.

5. CHECKS OF PPE, THE ORDER OF THEIR CONDUCT AND FREQUENCY.

Appendix 10 Instructions for the gas and smoke protection service of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 234 of April 30, 1996, determine the rules and procedure for conducting inspections of gas masks and breathing apparatus.

Combat check- type of maintenance of RPE carried out for the purpose of promptly checking the serviceability and correct functioning (action) of components and mechanisms immediately before performing a combat mission to extinguish a fire. Performed by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the flight commander before each inclusion in the RPE.

Before carrying out a combat check, the gas and smoke protector puts on and adjusts his suspension system.

A combat check is carried out at the command of the GDZS unit commander with the command: “GDZS unit, breathing apparatus - check!”

1.Check the serviceability of the mask. Visual inspection.

Visually check the integrity of the glass, half-clips, headband straps and valve box, as well as the reliability of the connection of the lung demand demand valve. If the mask is fully equipped and there is no damage to its elements, it is considered to be in good condition.

2.Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, apply the panoramic mask to your face, take a breath, and if at the same time there is a large resistance that does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, then the device is sealed.

3.Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open the cylinder valve and close it. Use a pressure gauge to determine changes in air pressure in the cylinder; if there is no drop in air pressure, the device is considered sealed.

4.Check the operation of the lung demand valve.

4.1. Checking the pulmonary valve and exhalation valve.

4.2. Checking the air pressure valve.

4.3. Checking emergency supply.

5.Check the operation of the sound signal.

Place the panoramic mask on your face and inhale, slowly pumping out the air until the sound signal sounds. The sound signal should sound when the pressure on the remote pressure gauge is 55 +/-5 atm. (bar).

6. Check the air pressure in the cylinder.

With the lung demand valve turned off, open the cylinder valve and check the pressure using the remote pressure gauge

7. Report to the commander of the GDZS flight about the readiness to turn on and the air pressure in the cylinder: “The Petrov gas and smoke protector is ready to turn on, the pressure is -270 atmospheres.”

The inclusion of personnel in RPE is carried out at the command of the GDZS flight commander:

“GDZS link, turn on the devices!” in the following sequence:

remove the helmet and hold it between your knees;
open the cylinder valve;
put on a mask;
put on a helmet.

Check No. 1 - Conducted by the owner of the breathing apparatus under the guidance of the chief of guard immediately before going on combat duty, as well as before conducting training sessions on clean air and in an environment unsuitable for breathing, if the use of RPE is envisaged during the time free from combat duty.

The results of the inspection are recorded in the inspection log No. 1.

The squad commander checks the reserve RPE.

1.Check the serviceability of the mask.

The mask must be complete without any visible damage.

2. Inspect the breathing apparatus.

Check the reliability of fastening of the suspension system of the apparatus, cylinders and pressure gauge, and also make sure that there are no mechanical damage to components and parts. Connect the mask to the lung demand valve.

3.Check the tightness of the breathing apparatus for vacuum.

With the cylinder valve closed, press the mask tightly to your face and try to inhale. If, when inhaling, a large resistance is created that prevents further inhalation and does not decrease within 2-3 seconds, the breathing apparatus is considered sealed.

(press the button to turn off the lung demand valve).

4.Check the tightness of the high and medium pressure system.

Open and close the cylinder valve, first turning off the excess pressure mechanism in the under-mask space. Use a pressure gauge to determine the change in air pressure in the cylinder; if within 1 minute the drop in air pressure does not exceed 10 bar, the device is considered sealed.

5.Check the operation of the lung demand valve.

5.1. Checking the pulmonary valve and exhalation valve.

Having first turned off the lung demand valve, open the cylinder valve. Place the mask on your face and take 2-3 deep breaths. When you take your first breath, the lung demand valve should turn on and you should not feel any resistance to breathing.

5.2. Checking the air pressure valve.

Insert your finger under the seal and make sure there is air flow from the mask. Remove your finger and hold your breath for 10 seconds. Make sure there are no air leaks.

5.3. Checking emergency supply.

Press the bypass button and make sure that the forced air supply is working properly. Turn off the lung demand valve. Close the cylinder valve.

6.Check the operation of the sound signal.

Smoothly press the lung demand valve button to release the pressure until a sound signal appears; if the sound signal appears at a pressure of 55+/- 5 bar, then the sound signal is working.

7.Check the air pressure readings in the cylinder.

The pressure in the cylinder must be at least 265 bar to install the breathing apparatus in combat crews.

Check No. 2 - type of maintenance carried out during the operation of RPE after check No. 3, disinfection, replacement of air cylinders, and also at least once a month if RPE was not used during this time. The inspection is carried out in order to constantly maintain the RPE in good condition.

The inspection is carried out by the owner of the RPE under the guidance of the chief of guard.

The squad commander checks the reserve RPE. The results of the inspection are recorded in the inspection log N2.

Check No. 2 is carried out using instrumentation in accordance with the instructions for their use. In case of absence control devices, check No. 2 is carried out in accordance with check No. 1

Check No. 3 - a type of maintenance carried out within established calendar periods, in full and at a given frequency, but at least once a year. All RPE in operation and in reserve, as well as those requiring complete disinfection of all components and parts, are subject to inspection.

The inspection is carried out on the basis of the GDZS by the senior foreman (master) of the GDZS. The results of the inspections are recorded in the inspection log No. 3 and in the personal protective equipment registration card, and a note is also made in the annual inspection schedule.

6. CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

The main calculated indicators of the performance of gas and smoke protectors in an unsuitable for breathing environment are:

· control air pressure in the apparatus at which it is necessary to reach Fresh air(Rk.out.);

· operating time of the fire control unit at the source of the fire (Trab.);

· the total operating time of the GDZS unit in an unsuitable for breathing environment and the expected time of return of the GDZS unit to fresh air (Tot.).

The methodology for calculating operating parameters in RPE is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 1 to the Manual on GDZS of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Order No. 234 of April 30, 1996).