Proper ventilation in the bathhouse. How to make proper ventilation in a bathhouse: methods and options. Ensuring air flow

We have long moved away from the “black” heating of the bathhouse and the lack of ventilation in this room. An integral part of the design of a traditional Russian bath is a ventilation system that ensures heat distribution evenly throughout the steam room and the exhaust air is discharged outside. You can make ventilation with your own hands and with little material costs, but when arranging this important element baths should be

General principles of steam room ventilation

A well-made ventilation system in a steam room is the key not only to a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere of a Russian bath, but also to your safety. Improper ventilation leads to numerous unpleasant consequences:

• wood in a bathhouse, even with ideal ventilation, is exposed to huge load and does not last longer than 20 years, and poor ventilation will shorten this period several times;
• the smell of stagnant air and rotting wood is not the most pleasant addition to a bathhouse;
• if the steam room is not removed in time Fresh air, using such a bathhouse is more likely to be harmful than beneficial to health. The steam room accumulates gases exhaled by people, emitted by a working stove, as well as fungi and mold, which quickly take over a poorly ventilated room.

An important function of ventilation is to ensure heat exchange. Wet air It conducts heat very poorly, so without air flow circulation, the stove will only heat the space around it. For this reason, the ventilation inlet is most often placed behind the stove on low altitude from the floor. This way the air has time to heat up and distributes heat throughout the steam room. Otherwise, too cold air is supplied to the room, disrupting temperature regime.

The outlet is located on the opposite wall and at the opposite level with the inlet. It is a very common mistake to place the vents at the same level: they form a closed flow that does not affect most of the room, so it is always cold at the bottom and too hot and stuffy at the top of the steam room.

It is also worth considering what is the same as right choice diagram, what matters is the correctly selected diameter of the ventilation holes. For every cubic meter of room, the diameter must be 24 cm, otherwise the air will not circulate.

Another one an important part ventilation systems - plugs or valves on ventilation openings. They allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation and quickly heat and cool the room.

It is necessary to lay ventilation shafts at the stage of construction of the bathhouse itself, then it will be possible to change the ventilation scheme in only one way - by turning on a fan. Otherwise, poor ventilation will make the bathhouse not very comfortable.

Natural and mechanical ventilation: pros and cons

The ventilation system can function both due to natural air movement and due to installed fan. The second option is much simpler: create natural ventilation without great experience The stove maker has a very difficult time under his belt. It should be understood that any circuits with a different arrangement ventilation holes- these are circuits designed to include a fan in the air exhaust process.

1. At natural ventilation air circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure and temperature outside and inside the room. Hot air rises to the upper part of the steam room, passes through the outlet and creates a slight vacuum in the room, due to which fresh air is drawn into the inlet;
2. In circuits using a fan, either the output flow or both flows are provided by artificial ventilation of the air. Schemes with two fans allow ventilation openings to be located anywhere in the room; when using one fan, the inlet, as with natural ventilation, is located in the lower part of the room behind the stove.

The advantage of natural ventilation is a minimum of material costs, but if the design of the bathhouse does not allow the ventilation holes to be positioned according to classic scheme, then the only option is to turn on the mechanical component. Not just any fan is suitable for ventilation in a steam room; the selected model must withstand extremely high temperatures and high humidity. Ordinary duct fan it is not suitable for working in difficult conditions near a steam room, it will quickly fail, and faulty electronics in wooden building may be potentially dangerous. Regular fan can only be used to ventilate the room after using the bath.

Ventilation schemes in the steam room

But if the vents are not positioned correctly, mechanical assistance the fan will not make the system work. In order not to learn from your costly mistakes, it is better to take one of the ready-made working ventilation schemes, here are some of them:

1. natural ventilation has already been described above. In it, the inlet is located behind the stove, the outlet is in the upper part of the opposite wall. To prevent the wind from creating a pressure zone and preventing air from being removed from the steam room, the air duct is made vertical and placed on the roof of the building. If the hole diameter is selected correctly, natural system works without unnecessary intervention. The air flow is regulated using valves;

The diagrams above show ventilation using mechanical draft. In the first diagram, the inlet is located at a distance of half a meter from the floor behind the stove, the outlet is as low as possible. The air rises, heats and spreads in the upper part of the room, then cools and falls to the outlet in which the fan is located;

1. Scheme B is an atypical arrangement of ventilation holes in the case when they can only be placed on one wall. The air enters the room, hits the stove, heats up, rises and exits into the outlet where the fan is installed;
2. in scheme B, the stove is also used as a hood, and the only hole is located near the floor on the opposite wall. This scheme works well in bathhouses in which the stove is constantly used, and is less commonly used in home bathhouses;
3. the latter scheme ensures air circulation not only in the steam room, but also under the floor. The air enters the room, is heated by the stove, falls into the cracks in the floor into the subfloor and exits outside. This allows for good ventilation of the space under the floor.

A properly equipped ventilation system will help create a unique atmosphere of a Russian bathhouse and will extend the life of the structure and finishing materials in room. Ventilation design is not like that simple task as it seems at first glance, but figure it out basic rules and even a non-professional can install working ventilation in his bathhouse.

Video - ventilation diagram in the steam room

In order for bath procedures to bring only benefit and pleasure, two conditions are necessary:

• high level of temperature and humidity in the steam room;
• the presence of sufficient oxygen.

These seemingly mutually exclusive tasks are solved by ventilation in the bathhouse in general and in the steam room in particular. Despite the fact that high humidity and temperature must be maintained in the steam room of a Russian bath, it is impossible to do without access to fresh (cold) air: oxygen is processed by our lungs, partially burned out by the stove, and carbon monoxide (CO) gradually accumulates in the steam room. chemical formula carbon monoxide).

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse. In the figure, red arrows show the movement of hot air, blue arrows show cold air.

If you do not organize the replacement of “exhausted” air with fresh air, instead of improving health and increasing efficiency (this is what we go to the bathhouse for), you can get best case scenario lethargy, weakness and headache, and in the worst case – a hospital bed or even a place in a cemetery.

Properly arranged ventilation ensures air circulation, while oxygen is supplied in sufficient quantities, and carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide are released into the atmosphere. After completing the bath procedures, with good ventilation, the vapor is actively removed outside the building, and the rooms that previously had high humidity dry out. If this aspect has not been given enough attention, after a couple of years in the steam room, and then in other rooms, the lining rots, the smell of mustiness and sweat appears and gradually intensifies, and the wood turns into dust. Now, I hope, it is clear whether ventilation is needed in the bathhouse...

Warming up and ventilating the bath. Please note that the exhaust vent is located at a small height from the floor - usually no higher than 50 cm. With this scheme, exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, the floor in the steam room warms up well

Ventilation in a bathhouse is not needed only in one case: if it is all built of wood and has not been insulated anywhere - neither from the inside nor from the outside. In this case, air exchange occurs due to the fact that the wood “breathes”. In this case, they also talk about the presence of natural ventilation in the bathhouse: any wood has pores and cracks through which air flows out/flows and temperature and humidity are regulated. But if the bathhouse is made of rounded logs or has insulation or moisture/steam insulation, then the creation of additional ventilation holes is necessary.

There are three types of ventilation:

1. Mechanical ventilation. In this case, the inflow and outflow of air masses occurs due to artificially created air movement. Air parameters are controlled by technical means.
2. Natural ventilation: circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the room. This method is only possible if there are “breathing” walls or thoughtfully arranged ventilation vents.
3. Combined ventilation: simultaneous use of the natural movement of air masses and technical devices(in the simplest case - fans).

The video below shows the combined ventilation option.

In a specific case, aluminum foil with a thickness of 100 microns was used in the construction of the ventilation duct.

Ventilation device in baths

In the very simple version, the ventilation system of a steam room or bathhouse consists of two (sometimes more) openings in the walls and/or foundation: supply and exhaust. The trick is in choosing the location of these holes and their sizes. Sometimes, to ensure more active air exchange, fans can be installed.

Warming up and ventilating the bath. In the simplest case, the exhaust vent is located near the ceiling

There is no single ventilation scheme for a bathhouse: they are too different, depending on design features, and the materials from which they are made. But there is general rules and several of the most common schemes, following which you can choose optimal ventilation just for your case.

The size of the ventilation holes is calculated based on the volume of the steam room: per cubic meter of ventilated area, the size of the holes should be 24 cm 2.

Despite the fact that the main task in the bathhouse is to maintain high humidity in the steam room and a sufficient temperature level, the ventilation holes should not be made too small: they will not provide the necessary level of air exchange. Exhaust ventilation openings must correspond to the size of the supply ventilation openings: if the proportions are not correct, the air exchange will also be insufficient. In some cases, to speed up the removal of exhaust air and speed up the drying of the bath, you can make two exhaust holes.

To ensure the required air conditions when heating the steam room, special covers/plugs are made on the ventilation ducts, which can be opened/closed from the steam room, thereby regulating the humidity/temperature/air exchange. Generally speaking, the presence of plugs or covers on any ventilation hole facing the street is mandatory: in winter, cold air actively strives into a warm room and the presence of covers or regulators to block it is necessary.

Where can there be supply and exhaust openings?

Most often, it is at least partially located in the steam room. In this case, the supply hole is made near the stove at a distance no higher than 30 cm from the floor. The incoming cold air quickly heats up from the stove and rises. It's quite popular, but not the most The best way organizing ventilation for the bathhouse. Ventilation is much more effective when the supply openings are located in the foundation under the floor (to prevent rodents from entering through them, the openings are equipped with metal gratings). This option solves two problems at once: it delivers fresh air to the bathhouse, and also effectively dries the floors and walls after completing the procedures. The floor boards, in this case, are not laid closely, but with a small gap for free passage of air. If you don’t want to leave gaps in the floor (although this is very good for a bathhouse), you can make several ventilation holes in the floor, covered with wooden grates. In this case, the air movement will not be so active; more powerful fans, but the circuit will remain operational.

When planning supply ventilation holes in the foundation, keep in mind that air into the bathhouse should come from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise it will have a musty smell. To organize air intake from the street, a box made of wood (often homemade), plastic or metal (ready-made) is placed in the hole, and it is also taken out near the stove. Typically, the inlet openings are located in an area that is protected by a metal or asbestos sheet from coals and firebrands.

Ventilation holes in the foundation are provided at the planning stage. If the foundation is already ready, but there are no holes for ventilation, you can ventilate the floor in the steam room differently: lay the floor boards on the joists, but not close to each other, but with a gap of 0.5-1 cm. In the gap between the rough (earth/concrete) floor and the finishing floor, an outlet is installed, which goes into a ventilation pipe that discharges exhaust air to the roof (but not to the attic). This option provides for the presence of only one supply hole, which is usually located below the heater. The exhaust pipe under the floor is installed on the opposite side of the room (but not opposite, but diagonally).

Making an exhaust pipe in a steam room from plastic boxes for ventilation it is impossible - they cannot withstand high temperatures, but use them in the locker room or washing department acceptable.

With this ventilation scheme in the steam room, cold air warms up near the stove, rises, then, cooling, falls down, seeps under the floor through cracks in the floor and is discharged through the outlet pipe. These two options effectively remove moisture after a bath; they can also be considered floor ventilation schemes in a bath.

Exhaust openings can be located on the wall opposite the supply opening (if both of these walls face the street) or on the same wall, but in the opposite corner. There is a scheme in which they are located at the top on the opposite wall (30 cm from the ceiling), sometimes they are located at the bottom (30 cm from the floor). If the exhaust vent is located below or on the same wall as the supply vent, a fan is needed to create air flow.

To ensure that ventilation in the bathhouse remains effective, you must not:

• make ventilation vents smaller than the calculated ones;
• Place the supply and exhaust openings one opposite the other - this way the incoming air is removed almost immediately without releasing oxygen, a draft is formed, which is contraindicated for a bath.

Steam room ventilation schemes

Let's consider several of the most common ventilation options in a steam room:

These are the most commonly used ventilation schemes for steam rooms in a bath; there are many more variations and combinations of them. Based on these four options for organizing ventilation, you can develop a scheme for your steam room.

Ventilation in the washing compartment of the bathhouse

In a washing room, high humidity is common, and to prevent the lining from rotting or creating an unpleasant odor, it is necessary to provide ventilation for the floors. It is arranged similarly to floor ventilation in a steam room: an exhaust hole is made between the rough and finished floors, which can be equipped with a fan. The exhaust pipe leads to the roof.

With this floor ventilation scheme in the washing compartment, the coldest exhaust air is removed, and the warmer air is lowered in its place. upper layers. In this way, an increase in the comfort of the people staying here is also achieved.

The principle of ventilation in all other rooms of the bathhouse is the same. We need to decide on optimal system ventilation specifically for your conditions and select/develop the most suitable scheme. The ventilation in the washing compartment differs only in that, due to lower air temperatures, plastic can be used here. ventilation ducts(which cannot be done in a steam room) and fans can be installed that are not heat-resistant, but only those that can withstand high humidity (moisture-proof).

Ventilation of brick and Turkish baths

When planning a ventilation system for a brick bath, you need to take into account that its efficiency should be many times higher than that of a wooden one. Indeed, in this case you will have to dry not only interior lining steam room/washing room/locker room, but also walls: brick is a very hygroscopic material. To remove all moisture, it is necessary that the inflow/outflow of air during drying be very active, and the vents have reliable dampers that allow you to regulate the intensity of air movement.

When installing ventilation with 100% humidity, exhaust ventilation It must also be very efficient: in an hour of operation it is necessary to provide six times replacement of air in the room. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of removing condensate that forms during cooling in large quantities. This problem can be solved in two ways: install an air dryer in the pipe, which discharges condensate into the sewer system, or provide a channel in the ventilation pipe for discharging condensate (it also goes into the sewer).

Conclusion: it is necessary to plan ventilation at the bathhouse design stage, placing inlet vents in the foundation. If necessary, you can make vents in finished walls, but this is quite troublesome and complicated.

Ventilation in the bathhouse is simply necessary. First of all, ventilation is intended to ensure the safety of people who take bath procedures.

Everyone knows that when breathing a person inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. In tight indoors After some time he will begin to choke. And in the steam room, where heat and the concentration of water vapor, this will begin to happen even faster.

Relaxing on the shelf, you won’t have time to get to the rescue one. The cost of an incorrect ventilation device can be prohibitive.

The second important factor is wood rotting. Enjoying and benefiting from bath procedures while smelling rot and mold is very problematic. Therefore, proper ventilation in a Russian bathhouse is the key not only to its benefits, but also to the health of vacationers.

The photo shows wood rotting due to insufficient drying of the wood

Experts believe that a ventilation device in a bathhouse in which the air in the room is changed three times in one hour can be considered correct. The ventilation scheme in the bathhouse is selected depending on the type of structure and materials used in the construction of the walls.

General principles of ventilation in a bathhouse

The correct design of a bathhouse and ventilation in it, regardless of the type of structure, is based on the following basic principles:

• The fresh air that enters the steam room should not disturb its temperature regime;
• Exhaust air, which contains the most carbon dioxide;
• The arrangement of air in the steam room should be layered: the hottest air is under the ceiling, on the bench it is as comfortable as possible and the coldest air is near the floor.

Note!
There should be no draft in the steam room!

If all these principles are followed, then bath procedures will bring maximum effect what they are counting on is restoration of mental and physical strength.

Ventilation device in a free-standing wooden bath

The tree is considered ideal building material for a bath. Wooden walls“breathe”, so the issue of air exchange is partially solved naturally.

However, even in wooden building In the steam room, ventilation is necessary. At a minimum, for quickly drying the wood after taking bath procedures.

Work plays a major role in air exchange processes sauna stove. When water is poured onto a column of hot steam is created, which rises upward. As it cools, it lowers, pushing the used air out of the steam room.

Together, the above factors make it possible to create the necessary humidity and temperature in the steam room, and ensure normal air circulation.

Let's take a closer look at the ventilation system in wooden baths. The main tasks for us, naturally, will be to ensure the flow of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Our instructions will help you cope with these tasks.

Ensuring air flow

The correct log house is laid in such a way that lower crowns were free. With this installation, access to fresh air from the street is ensured.

In addition, around the steam room door, in any case, there will be gaps sufficient for its entry. The stove in such baths is placed closer to the door so that it heats up immediately.

If the steam room is designed for 6 or more people, a separate air duct is connected to the heater, which supports the combustion process. If you make this air duct double, then the problem of fresh air supply is solved once and for all.

Exhaust air removal

If the heater is heated directly from the steam room, then the exhaust air is exhausted through the firebox into. At correct installation oven, no additional holes required.

In order to dry the room after completing the bath procedures, a small hole (up to 200x200 mm) can be cut in the wall. During the heating and operation of the steam room, it is closed with a special plug.

If the steam room has a window, such a hole is not needed. Sometimes a window from the steam room is cut into the washing room, and in the washing room it is already done either through hole to the street, or another window. Thus, when drying, two birds are killed at once, both the steam room and the washing room are dried.

Thus, the myth that for wooden bath ventilation is not necessary, confirmed when the following conditions are met:

• The steam room is designed for 2-4 people;
• The lower crowns of the frame are laid freely;
• The stove-heater is heated directly from the steam room;
• There is a hole or window in the wall for ventilation.

Actually, such family baths are usually built on personal plots.

Ventilation device in a free-standing brick bathhouse

A brick structure, as well as a structure made of foam concrete, expanded clay blocks and other permanent structures, is another matter. Ventilation in brick bath more complex.

The first difference is that floors in a brick building must be ventilated. The thing is that the floors in the bathhouse are constantly in contact with water, and if they are solid, then the boards will have to be replaced approximately every three to four years. You don’t even have to talk about unpleasant odors and mold.

Ventilation of the floor in the bathhouse is laid at the stage of foundation construction. To do this, special holes are made in the foundation on opposite sides. These holes will provide through air circulation under the floor and drying of the joists.

The second difference is the mandatory presence of special supply and exhaust openings in the steam room. There may be several of them. Two supply holes are made at floor level and covered with grates to prevent rodents from entering.

There are 4 most popular schemes for ventilation in a bathhouse, from which you can choose the most suitable one for you.

• Scheme No. 1. The supply hole is located behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the floor. An exhaust hole is cut in the opposite wall no higher than 30 cm from the floor. A bath fan is installed on it, which will ensure air circulation.

According to this scheme, the air in the steam room is heated evenly, the incoming air is heated by the stove and rises. As it cools, it falls down and exits through the outlet. The lower it is located, the stronger the air flow will be. When using a fan, a ventilation valve can be installed at the outlet.

• Scheme No. 2. Suitable for those baths where the stove is heated from the steam room. In this case, the influx is made directly under the stove. The flow of fresh air is sucked in by the stove, supporting combustion, and provides an influx directly into the room.

The exhaust vent is located above the floor and connected to it corrugated pipe, which rises up to the roof level and opens onto the street. In other cases, the ventilation duct is made in the wall.

Note!
If the walls of the bathhouse are made of expanded clay concrete blocks, then ventilation ducts It is best to lay it during construction.

• Scheme No. 3. According to this scheme, ventilation for the bathhouse is arranged through cracks in the floor. In this case, the supply hole is made in the wall near the stove at a height of 30-50 cm from the floor. The air, heating up, rises and exits through the cracks between the floor boards into the basement. It is thrown out from the basement space using a special pipe.

Note! For normal functioning For this type of ventilation, it is necessary to leave gaps between the floorboards of 5-10 mm.

• Scheme No. 4. This scheme is suitable in cases where the stove also heats other rooms.

Fresh air is sucked in by the stove through holes in the floor and, passing through the firebox, goes out into the steam room and into the washing room. It is removed from the premises through openings located below, above the floor level.

There are also combined ventilation schemes, but to install them yourself, you need to consult with a specialist.

The video in this article will help you understand clearly how ventilation is arranged in a bathhouse.

Baths have always been famous for their healing properties. But to obtain a healing effect, it is necessary not only to listen to the advice of doctors, but also to organize in your own bathhouse the right system ventilation.

Those who have been to classical village baths made of wood, they are unlikely to remember the presence of paired exhaust openings in such pairs. In fact, they are not there. After all a small amount of fresh air entering the bathhouse from cracks in the floor, window or doorway, can meet the needs of 2-3 people.

But a bathhouse designed for a large capacity, and especially a brick one, must be equipped with a ventilation system to fulfill the following important points:

• the supply of fresh air, which prevents the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the steam room and preserves the health of people in the bathhouse;
• air circulation, which allows you to dry the room after bath procedures. This prevents the occurrence of unpleasant odors, the growth of mold fungi and helps to increase the service life of the building without the need to replace wood elements;
• uniform distribution of heated air in steamy room baths

Moreover, if the hood is designed correctly, it should not lead to the following unpleasant consequences:

• to a drop in temperature in the steam room during bath procedures;
• violation of the correct stratification of air by temperature - the coolest layer should be at the bottom;
• removal from the steam room clean air, and not saturated with carbon dioxide.

In a steam room with good ventilation it is easy to breathe and relaxing is pleasant

How does bath ventilation work?

It is correct to provide a bathhouse ventilation system at the construction stage, because it is at this moment that you can make the hood correctly and independently with the least labor and material costs. In addition, the process of making holes in the finished structure can lead to a decrease in the strength of the walls.

Air exchange in the bath is ensured by two holes.

1. The supply hole is located at the bottom and provides fresh air into the bathhouse.
2. The exhaust vent is located at the top on the wall opposite the supply vent. Thanks to the hood, exhaust air is removed from the steam room. However, if the hole is located very close to the ceiling, then hot air is quickly removed from the room, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the steam room.

This design allows you to adjust the direction of the air flow. At the moment when the bathhouse is heated, all three holes are closed. When people steam, the inlet and bottom exhaust vents are open. After bath procedures, all ventilation is open, which allows the bath to dry well.

Ventilation in the bathhouse can be mechanical. In it, the air in the steam room circulates thanks to the injection equipment. In a more complex and expensive version, the air supply process is monitored by special devices that, if necessary, start the ventilation system. The use of a mechanical hood allows you to place holes on any of the walls, as well as correct errors in organizing natural ventilation.

In any case, to ensure air exchange in the bathhouse, there are several exhaust systems that differ from each other in the location of the holes.

Video - Ventilation in a bathhouse with a stove - air conditioning

Methods for installing ventilation in a bathhouse

We will describe some of the most popular and simple ways arrangement of ventilation in the steam room. They can be either using fans or carried out completely naturally.

Method 1

This is the one described above natural ventilation scheme with one supply and two outlets. The entrance hole in such a system is made in the wall immediately behind the stove at a distance of 0.3 m from the floor surface.

To connect the outlet holes to each other, a box is used, which is made from wooden planks, a corrugated pipe about one meter long is laid in it. The holes themselves are equipped with plugs that allow you to regulate air flows, as described above. In addition to plugs, you will also need grilles to prevent insects and rodents from entering the bathhouse through the ventilation.

This system is suitable for small baths.

Method 2

This is another simple and most common scheme for ventilating the bath space. In it, the inlet opening is located behind the stove just above the floor (about 0.3 m). The hood is located at the same height, but on the opposite wall and is equipped with a fan that forcibly extracts exhaust air.

Method 3

Method 3 is somewhat similar to the previous one. Only the air inlet is arranged at a height of half a meter from the heater, and the outlet is slightly above the floor (about 0.2 m). The hood is equipped with a fan.

Method 4

Method 4 is used for baths in which the steam room has only one wall facing the street. In this system, the air inlet and outlet openings are located on one wall opposite the stove. The air enters the lower hole, located at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and exits into the upper one, which is located 30 cm below the ceiling and is equipped with a fan.

Clean air enters the room, encounters the furnace, heats up, rises and is directed out through the outlet.

Method 5

Method 5 is suitable for baths in which there are small gaps of half a centimeter between the floor boards. The inlet opening is located behind the stove. The cooled and exhaust air descends to the floor and exits through the cracks into the underground, where there is an exhaust hole in the basement wall connected to ventilation pipe, removing air flows above the roof.

Method 6

If the stove in your steam room is heated for the entire period of operation of the bath, then the ash can itself perform the function of ventilation, or rather, an exhaust hood. In this case, you only need a hole for air flow, which is located near the floor opposite the stove. The blower should be slightly lower than the finished floor.

Step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation

When arranging a bathhouse with ventilation, it is important to observe the following conditions:

• if the bathhouse is adjacent to a residential building, then the air flow should go in the direction from the housing to the steam room;
• the exhaust hole is connected to a box or pipe, which must be installed above the roof of the bathhouse;
• the hood should not be placed above the shelves to prevent drafts from affecting steamed people.

In general, the ventilation installation process can be described as follows.

Step 1

In selected locations, inlet and outlet openings are provided at the construction stage or prepared after construction, the cross-section of which should be 10-20 cm.

Step 2

Equipped with boxes made of metal, plastic or wood with prepared openings.

Step 3

If necessary, install an exhaust fan.

Note! For baths it is necessary to use ventilation equipment made of heat resistant material and with a protection class of at least IP-44.

Step 4

Mounted on the grille holes and plugs.

Step 5

The outlet is connected to a pipe that is led above the roof.

Note! In addition to ventilation of the room, it is necessary to ensure air circulation under the floor. To do this, at the construction stage, holes are made in the base on opposite sides, which are covered with bars to protect against rodents.

Here are some simple ways you can arrange bath ventilation, providing long term steam room service and a comfortable stay in it.

Video - Ventilation diagram in the bathhouse

Going to the bathhouse is not only one of the ways to wash yourself, but also to remove accumulated toxins and harmful substances from the body. The healing effects of the bath can be felt if the exhaust holes are properly arranged and the air is constantly renewed. Properly installed ventilation in a bathhouse is the first necessity. Without it, musty, stagnant air disrupts the microclimate in the steam room and, together with high humidity provokes the formation of fungi and mold.

The arrangement of exhaust and supply structures in the washing part of the bathhouse and steam room allows you to preserve the building in its original form, protect it from premature aging, wear and rot. Ventilation is quite easy to install with your own hands if you follow some rules.

The benefits of good ventilation

Ventilation plays a huge role in bath rooms, equipped with solid fuel and gas ovens. During operation, such devices require an impressive volume of air in order to maintain combustion. The lack of a ventilation system, resulting in excess carbon dioxide, can cause oxygen starvation in people.

Uninformed, self-taught bath masters try to insulate rooms as thoroughly as possible in order to increase the heating rate and retain heat for a long time. To do this, seal everything, even the smallest cracks, and insulate the doorway so that cold air flow does not enter inside. But this is a fundamentally wrong approach to arranging a bath; there must be ventilation holes. A properly planned ventilation system contributes to:

• creating the right microclimate;
• reducing humidity;
• getting rid of carbon dioxide;
• eliminating unpleasant, musty air;
• rapid heating of the room;
• getting rid of mold and pathogenic fungi;
• conservation interior decoration;
• rapid drying and removal of excess moisture.

As you can see, constant circulation of air masses in bath rooms is really necessary. In order to properly install ventilation in a bathhouse, you need to familiarize yourself with its types and installation diagrams.

Types of ventilation systems

Ventilation structures are distinguished by the type of device. The following types are commonly used:

• natural;
• forced (mechanical);
• combined.

Natural ventilation

For good natural ventilation of the room, even during construction, special openings are provided through which air exchange occurs. They are equipped with special covers or dampers so that, if necessary, the circulation of air masses can be stopped.

The basis of this type of ventilation system is the difference in pressure and temperature between the street and internal part baths The effectiveness of this method lies in correct location vent. The place for air intake is usually located behind the stove, 0.3 m from the floor, and for exhaust - on the opposite wall, about 0.3 m from the ceiling.

This option for providing ventilation for a steam room is not entirely suitable. Ventilation in the steam room must be arranged in such a way that the outlet is at the same level as the inlet. The incoming air warms up as it passes through the oven, rises to the top, and then, once cooled, falls down and enters the exhaust vent. If it is necessary to preserve heat, all vents can be closed.

The effectiveness of this method can be increased by lowering the second hole closer to the floor and installing fans, but this option will already be considered mechanical.

Forced ventilation

Mechanical ventilation of the room is carried out by installing special fans on the vents. This promotes fairly rapid renewal of air, which is indispensable in a room such as a washing room. This ventilation method is convenient when steam is pumped into the bath special device, its excess is easily removed.

U artificial system ventilation has a number of advantages over natural ventilation:

1. It is possible to filter the incoming air.
2. The microclimate is constantly maintained at a given level.
3. Warm up air masses distributed evenly.

The forced ventilation system is significantly superior in quality to the natural one. However, in any case, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct location of the ventilation ducts.

Ventilation holes: location diagrams

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse is a rather interesting question. There are several different layouts for the arrangement of exhaust and supply passages.

Scheme 1

Both openings (inlet and outlet) are located on the same wall opposite the stove. The air enters from an vent located about 0.3 m from the floor, and exits into a second one located 0.3 m from the ceiling. Cold air masses entering the room are heated by the stove, rise up and, having made a circle, are pulled out. This scheme is very convenient if only one wall of the steam room faces the street.

Scheme 2

Sometimes the stove itself is used as a hood. This ventilation option only works with a constantly burning stove and operates according to the following principle:

• the supply channel is located below opposite the heater;
• the exhaust work is performed by the blower and chimney;
• The air entering the bathhouse warms up and rises;
• Having completed a semicircle, the cooled air masses fall down and then exit the chimney outside.

Scheme 3

The following diagram shows how to make ventilation in a steam room with a slatted (leaky) floor. In such a room, only one vent is installed for air intake. It is located behind the stove. With this arrangement of the ventilation system, the cooled air descends through the grille into the underground, from where it is sent outside through an exhaust pipe raised to the roof.

Such a ventilation system allows you to simultaneously establish correct air exchange and dry the floor. This method significantly increases the service life of the wood coating.

Ventilation in a Russian bath

For a Russian steam room, where steam was always prepared manually, none of the forced ventilation schemes would be suitable. With this arrangement of ventilation holes, the entire, laboriously prepared, healthy couple will come out. You can refresh such a room by simply ventilating it or by installing a small grille at the bottom of the door.

Ventilation in a Turkish bath

Ventilation of such a steam room should be very effective. Turkish bath or the hammam has almost 100% humidity, pumped by steam generators. Therefore, during an hour of operation, the air in the room must change several times.

Another feature of such a bath is the formation of a large amount of condensate, which must also be removed. For this purpose, special air dryers are installed in the exhaust pipes.

Ventilation in a brick bath

The peculiarity of a brick bathhouse is in the material from which it is made. Brick is quite hygroscopic and easily absorbs moisture. Without high-quality ventilation, such a bathhouse will very quickly become unusable and you will have to dry not only the interior decoration elements, but also the walls.

In such rooms, the inflow and outflow of air should be very active. Vents are arranged in such a way that it is possible to regulate flows.

Features of the ventilation system in the bathhouse

Now it is more or less clear how the ventilation system should work. But other points need to be taken into account; the ventilation system should not:

• violate the temperature regime in the room;
• allow cold flow to the ceiling;
• remove fresh air, but only exhaust air.

If you pay attention to all the specified subtleties, follow the suggested tips, then build ventilation system easy to do with your own hands. This will allow you to save a lot, because calling a specialist will cost quite a decent amount.