How to make a filter for water purification in the field and at home. How to make a homemade filter for water purification DIY water filter word

Problems with tap water continue to plague consumers. In fact, it is impossible to use liquid either for cooking or drinking due to lack of safety and other reasons. external signs. Untreated water can be harmful even if it comes from an independent source, and is characterized by an unpleasant odor, lack of clarity and an incorrect taste. If possible, such conditions should be eliminated, which will help you make a water filter with your own hands, but for this you will need a drawing.

Household means of purifying tap liquid or well water do not always satisfy the owner’s conditions. This mainly happens due to insufficient volume and frequent replacement of filter modules at home. Such an acquisition is very expensive, so every owner is interested in the question of how to make a water filter with your own hands without any special financial losses, without disrupting the operation of a well or well. We remind you that the work will look correct and durable if the diagram or manufacturing drawing is chosen correctly.

Step-by-step instructions for making a simple but productive filter

Important! In any case, water from a well requires purification, only then will it be drinkable. And, if you do not have a filter installed, you need to take care of other types of purifiers at home. It deserves special attention homemade filter for water. An installation diagram or drawing will show how to do it.

1. The entire manufacturing process begins with preparing a plastic bottle of the required volume. It is advisable to use options from 5.0 liters or more. You will also find it useful charcoal material and gauze. Also prepare a small part of river sand and the same amount of fine gravel. Find some canvas fabric, it won't be superfluous. The drawing will tell you how to start installing a filter at home.

1. In the selected bottle, we cut out the bottom and lay several layers of thick fabric through it for cleaning right next to the neck. We do this exactly as the diagram shows.
2. Next, grind the carbon composition and pour it onto the already laid fabric.
3. Several layers of gauze are placed on top of each other. Several pieces of silver are placed on top of the gauze. (an old unnecessary chain or a silver coin will do). Silver is known to help kill bacteria. See the drawing for how and what to place.

1. Afterwards, a layer of purified river sand is poured (make sure that there is no debris or organic matter in it). Gravel is laid on top and evenly distributed over the entire surface of the previous material for productive cleaning.

You can study the correct installation in our video.

Attention! The thickness of each layer of backfill should vary from 5 to 7 cm. Try to compact the materials, so carry out several careful but heavy blows directly into the structure. Please note: the diagram and drawing must contain all the conditions for the work.

Next we prepare from the well. An ordinary bucket with plastic cover, in which a hole is made, with a diameter like the cap of a plastic bottle (filter). We place our own charcoal purifier into this hole and pour water into it - wait until it is all filtered.

At home they can come in different variations, but the principle of the product is the same, as the diagram below shows. The difference may be manifested in its constituent elements and filtration speed.

On a note! Try to fulfill carbon filter so that the water pressure from it is not too strong. After all, for cleaning to occur, water needs to pass slowly through each layer of the filter. You can make charcoal yourself; to do this, you need to heat the wood in cast iron cookware over a fire until black crumbly material is acquired.

Important details to consider

The scheme for cultivating a homemade filter for water from a well may have fundamental differences, which depend directly on the location of its installation and the level of water contamination. We recommend that you study a few details before you begin to arrange homemade installation for water purification at home. So, you need to pay attention to:

You can also make a carbon filter yourself for cleaning using the same principle, if you have a diagram at hand. To do this, purchase required quantity activated carbon tablets and fill them plastic container, then run water through them. At this stage, water from a well, water supply or well will not have hazardous chemical elements.

Therefore, it is not necessary to purchase a carbon filter from renowned manufacturers, because for household use Often a small container is enough to consume the purified product.

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Recently, the problem of clean water has been of great interest to the population of the entire planet. Demand wastewater treatment plants is growing every year. Moreover, the most popular remedy is ordinary household filter. If previously only city residents needed it, now residents of villages and towns also actively use it. Not everyone can afford to purchase new filters on a regular basis (which are not cheap), so the question of how to make water filters with your own hands is extremely relevant.

Features of homemade filters

At first glance, the water from the tap appears clean. In fact, it contains a lot of dissolved compounds. A water filter is designed to “retain” these substances: chlorine compounds, iron, etc. Their excess can lead to the development of various diseases, as well as affect the general condition of the body.

What about well water? Many people believe that it does not require cleaning, and they would be wrong. It may contain nitrates, a large number of bacteria, and pesticides (leak through the treated soil). Also, the structure of the well can be subject to corrosion. All this affects the taste and beneficial qualities of water.

It is not necessary to buy expensive store-bought devices - a homemade water filter is capable of good cleaning.

Of course, if you want crystal clear water, it is better to purchase modern system after some time. This is due not so much to wear of parts, but to lower absorption and cleaning ability in relation to bacteria.

IN homemade structures there is no function for selecting the appropriate mineral composition for the equipment. And this must be taken into account to ensure the sterility of the water. For this reason, the filtrate should be boiled after each filtration process.

Water pressure also plays a huge role during cleaning. Unsuitable pressure intensity in relation to the filter system reduces performance.

How to choose a container and filter filler

When choosing a container for a filter, you need to take into account that it will contain several layers of filler. The material of the tank must be resistant to external aggressive influences. If you need a home household filter for drinking water, then you need to choose quality polymer materials, suitable for storing food for a long time.

To create a filter mixture, combinations of some of the following fillers are used:

• cotton wool;
• carbon (activated, charcoal);
• sand (river, quartz);
• cellulose napkins;
• fabric made from natural material;
• lutrasil, spunbond;
• gravel, zeolite.

All of the above fillers have slightly different properties, so they are located in the filter on different levels when combined. However, you can select and use only one of them. Next, we will analyze the properties of the most suitable materials.

River or quartz sand

Let's figure out how quartz sand differs from river sand:

1. Quartz has a more uniform composition.
2. It is able to retain more particles due to optimal porosity in the space between the “grains”.

However, river sand has significant advantage as a filtration filler – high strength of sand grains. That is, it is more durable.

Sand is used at the stage of filtering heavy metals and small particles. Most often, the choice of quartz is made when constructing a filter for a pool, because quartz sand is capable of providing filtration for a fairly large water reservoir.

It will not be difficult to build such a unit, because it has a simple structure. The savings compared to an industrial filter are approximately 50%.

The quartz sand fraction should be in the range of 0.4 to 0.8 mm. You can make a multi-layer version, where the layers are arranged according to the size of the fraction - from largest to smallest, or where each layer is any other filler. It is important to find a middle ground here. A sand fraction that is too small will clog the mesh and the system will stop working, while a sand fraction that is too large will negatively affect the quality of cleaning.

Charcoal or coconut shell

Coconut shell carbon (activated) is obtained as a result of thermal and chemical treatment of the original raw material. Sold in 3 types: pressed, loose and granular. For the water treatment system, it is the latter that is purchased. Pressed and bulk types of activated carbon are not suitable as an adsorbent. The particles of the first are too large and therefore do not provide optimal cleaning, and the particles of the second will end up in the water.

Most industrial filters are made based on activated carbon. In order not to overpay, you can make a carbon water filter with your own hands. The only expense left is the periodic purchase of fresh coal. Due to the water passing through the filler (charcoal) many times, it changes its consistency and becomes more like a black thick slime. This substance is a favorable environment for the growth of bacteria.

If we talk about industrial products, silver ions, known for their antibacterial properties, are usually added to them, which helps extend the life of the carbon filter. It is clear that when assembling a homemade filter, no one will engage in silver ionization. You need to remember this and change the filter with sufficient frequency - as soon as it becomes noticeable that the water is being filtered more slowly.

When making charcoal yourself, you need to carefully calculate the degree of “roasting”. If this degree is strong, then the coal will quickly lose its ability. Most suitable deciduous trees, especially birch. Conifers- Not the best option, since the resin can give the water a corresponding aroma.

The production of charcoal is extremely simple. All you need to do is place the wood in a metal container and heat it red hot over an open fire or oven. After this, the material is removed and cooled in air.

Lutrasil and spunbond

These synthetic materials consist of polypropylene fibers. Essentially, it is agrofibre. It is often used in crop production to cover the soil in the fight against weeds, due to its ability to allow water and air to pass through it well. Lutrasil and spunbond differ in color and density. Lutrasil is slightly thinner than spunbond, has White color, and spunbond, on the contrary, is black and denser fabric.

To create filters, lutrasil is often chosen because it is easier to determine the degree of contamination of the filter, and it also passes water through it faster due to its lower density, which is especially important if the filter has more than one layer.

Making a carbon filter for water with your own hands

We remind you that this is more of a “hiking option” and is not entirely suitable for daily use, as it requires frequent replacement. However, for those who do not have the opportunity to regularly buy a cartridge, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the method of producing a homemade device. It can be used in the countryside, since it does not require running water (filtration as in a jug mechanism).

1. We choose as a container for finished water plastic tank. If the system is planned to be used in the long term, then the plastic must be of high quality to prevent harmful substances from entering the water (common PET will not work).
2. A container that will act as a cartridge (a reservoir with untreated water) can be made from any plastic bottle. The bottom is cut off.
3. To connect 2 containers, make a hole in the lid of the bucket equal to the diameter of the neck of the bottle. If the neck does not fit into the hole, the diameter of the cut needs to be increased. If, on the contrary, you went too far with the cut out diameter, you need to wrap the neck with something that does not allow moisture to pass through. It could be rubber, or some kind of dense synthetic fabric.
4. As a base, gauze is usually placed in several layers. Next, activated granular carbon is poured. You can dilute layers of coal, for example, with washed river sand or quartz.

A DIY water purification filter does not have to be small. At home, it is quite possible to make a system of relatively large volume. For example, as a loading capacity we take plastic barrel volume 10 l. It has a wide neck, so the filler will spill out easily. In this case, the cartridge is made differently.

1. From one end plastic pipe with a diameter of 4 cm we make a tight stuffing from gauze.
2. On the other side of the pipe we lay activated carbon and make gauze padding in the same way.

All that remains is to insert the filter cartridge into the neck of the upper container (into which we pour untreated water). We chose a 4 cm pipe because this diameter is ideal for a standard 10 liter barrel; no additional sealing is needed.

Service life and operating features of a homemade carbon filter

The more dissolved substances there are in the water, the shorter the device will last (this applies to both homemade and purchased filters). As already mentioned, soaked coal is a breeding ground for bacteria. Therefore, the service life of this material not long in any case. On average, you need to add a new portion every 3 days. But this is only if the water quality has not deteriorated.

An important point: when using charcoal, the water must be drained after the first filtration. If coconut shell charcoal is used as a filler, this is not necessary - it is completely safe.

Conclusion

There is nothing special about purchased water purification devices - you can get the same, or even better, results using improvised means. The question is: will it be convenient to change the filler every 3-4 days? If yes, then you can safely use a homemade filter, if not, then the best choice is an industrial product.

Clean water has always been necessary for humans, but the more technology develops, the worse it affects the quality of the water system. Man began to fight pollution a long time ago, for which a wide variety of filters and devices were invented, but to the common man they may not be affordable. Those who want to have purified water have the opportunity to filter it using homemade filters.

What it is?

A water purification filter is a device that helps remove various impurities, particles that do not dissolve in it, chlorine and pathogenic viruses and microbes.

There are three types of filters you can use at home:

• simple;
• with an average degree of purification;
• with the highest degree of purification.

You can apply filters:

• at home: in an apartment, private house, to purify drinking water and mains;
• in industry;
• in tourism;
• for aquariums.

Wherever the filter is used, it has a certain structure that allows it to effectively cope with water pollution. To make a filter mechanism yourself, you need to know what exactly is required for this and how to assemble it into a single whole.

Peculiarities

Water purification is necessary measure modern life, because the impact on nature of various factors of human life has significantly affected its quality and purity. The best solution to this problem is filters that can be installed both at home and in an enterprise of any size.

To ensure that drinking water is of appropriate quality, it is best to use special carafes with filtering mechanisms installed in them.

Water purification in the filter is carried out by passing through a certain number of stages, and the more there are, the purer the resulting product will be. At the first stage of purification, mechanical filtration occurs, when large enough elements that clog it are removed from the water. The next stage involves influencing the chemical environment of the liquid, and the last level will be the carbon cartridge, passing through which the water becomes completely drinkable.

Most of the filter elements are cartridges, which have their own gradation:

• Mechanical. With its help, sand, mechanical suspensions, and rust are removed. Composition: polypropylene.
• Carbonic. Helps remove substances of organic and inorganic origin, removes unpleasant odors, and affects the color of water. Composition: activated or pressed carbon.
• Softening. Softening water by removing heavy metals from it. Composition – Na-cationic resin.
• Iron removal. Helps purify water from hydrogen sulfide, improve pH, eliminate metallic taste and odor. Composition: two fills of calcite.

Due to the variety of cartridges, they can be used for different functions, which, in turn, leads to the need to use different devices for this.

Jug filters are the most common option in cases where drinking water is of poor quality. The way they work is very simple, and the price is not high, so almost everyone can afford this option. The filter media is a carbon cartridge that can only handle 500 liters of water before it needs to be replaced. There are specialized and universal options. Specialized ones have additions that make water softer by removing iron from it and adding fluoride.

Faucet attachments are also installed carbon cartridges. Their feature is the low water pressure that must pass through the pipes, otherwise the system will be ineffective.

Separately worthwhile installations perform the work after they are connected to the water pipes with a flexible hose.

In this case, cartridges are changed at least once every 5 months.

To disinfect water, it is best to use an ultraviolet filter., which can only be used after preliminary mechanical cleaning. In addition to the usual drinking water, there is also rainwater, which can also be used effectively. Due to contamination, it is often unusable, but with the help of filters it can be used in a wide variety of areas and for any task. In this case, you need two filters - one primary, to filter out large debris, and the second, for more thorough filtration and obtaining usable water.

Suitable materials

In order to make a filter yourself, you need to have certain knowledge and apply it correctly in practice. First of all, you should take care of a suitable container for the future filter, which will contain all the components. It should be large enough to accommodate everything comfortably. As a filtering agent for a homemade filter, you can use quartz sand, washed quarry sand or activated carbon, gravel and zeolite.

To create the first layer that will cope with large stains, you need to select a cotton fabric, but its use has its drawbacks: it quickly becomes clogged, rotting processes begin inside, and bad smell. To avoid such problems, it is better to take a synthetic material - lutrasil, which is not so afraid of moisture and does not clog too quickly.

The use of quartz sand will be indispensable at the stage of retaining small particles and filtering heavy metals. The use of gravel will help filter out large particles of unnecessary elements in the water. With the help of zeolite, you can easily deal with metal and salt suspension, in addition, it helps fight pesticides and other harmful substances used in industry.

The highest quality filter that can pass through tap water, is coal. Homemade devices allow you to retain mineral formations and toxic substances with equal productivity. In addition, thanks to the influence of coal, the water becomes clear and any odors are neutralized. When choosing activated carbon for a filter, it is best to take it in granular form, because the powder version will get into the water, and large particles will filter the water for a long time.

Right choice filter content will provide quality work for a long time and eliminate the need to buy ready-made equipment.

Methods: what is the best way to filter?

If you don’t have a filter at hand, but you need to somehow purify the water yourself, you can use a number of methods that will show very good results:

• Boiling. With its help you can get rid of harmful microorganisms, although a side effect is an increase in the amount of salts that fall to the bottom of the vessel.
• Advocacy helps get rid of volatile chlorine and other impurities. Such activities must be carried out for at least 8 hours, and after the time has elapsed, pour water carefully and do not raise sediment. It is important to wash the water container well from time to time with soap to remove any remaining harmful substances, and water, even standing water, should not be stored for more than 3 days.

• Silver. You can use a simple spoon made of this material, which should be washed well and placed in a small decanter. After water is poured into it, you only need to wait a day and you can use the purified liquid. Usage silver coins for such purposes it is impractical due to impurities and small size.
• Ionizer It looks like a chain with a figure at the end, which is lowered into water, where the ion exchange process occurs, and the chain itself is on the glass. So the water should stand for some time, after which it can be drunk.

• Freezing- this is the simplest and affordable way water purification. To carry out the procedure, you need a bottle into which water is filled, but not to the very edge, screwed on with a lid and placed in the freezer. Just wait six hours and remove the bottle from the refrigerator. Once the ice has melted, you can drink the water.
• Shungite- this is a special stone that is placed in a carafe with water and infused. After this, the water is ready for drinking.

• Use of activated carbon tablets, which are crushed and wrapped in gauze. You also need a plastic bottle in which you need to cut off the spout and put a layer of gauze into it, then wrapped charcoal and again a layer of gauze. The resulting homemade filter is inserted into a bottle into which you can pour water.
• Magnets. It is possible to use several identical magnets, which will ensure a uniform magnetic field in a homemade filter. In addition, it is necessary to have fittings with gaskets, from which the throughput system for water purification is constructed. The magnetic filter helps soften the water and minimize the amount of scale on the dishes.

It’s not difficult to make any of the options; the main thing is to have the right ingredients on hand and use them correctly. Although the methods are varied, they have a similar principle - it is ridding water of unnecessary and harmful components that negatively affect the human body.

You can use such a filter in an apartment, private house, it’s not difficult to find suitable option and for the dacha, so that purified and healthy water is available everywhere nearby.

Device options

In addition to the above-mentioned filter jugs and faucet attachments, there is also a separate type of device. They can be installed under the sink or placed on the main pipe, which helps not only purify the water, but also extend the life of all plumbing in the house.

There are also other devices such as:

• Pre-filter. Installation location – water pipe, the goal is protection household appliances from the garbage and dirt that it carries poor quality water. The design looks like a mesh that needs to be washed from time to time.

• Purifier or cooler. This is a device that is located separately and can purify water, heat or cool it. The quality of this water is very high, even better than bottled water.
• Travel filters, which can be useful on a hike or travel. A special feature is the ability to purify liquid from any container.
• Nanofilter– contain a semi-permeable membrane, the pores of which are practically the same as water molecules, which allows you to effectively purify water.

In addition, there are filter options such as:

• Mechanical - they help remove suspended particles in water using meshes and fibrous and porous polymer materials.
• Ion exchange, containing synthetic resins, the principle of which is to soften water by ionizing heavy metals with fluorides.

• Physico-chemical, which help remove impurities that dissolve well through sorption. When interacting with clay, ash, peat and slag, water is purified from unnecessary chemical elements. Activated carbon does the job best.
• Electric or ultraviolet, which allow you to purify water using ozone. Viruses and microbes are destroyed using an eco-field.
• Reverse osmosis works by flowing water under pressure through a membrane with small pores, in which all harmful elements settle.

Manufacturing

A homemade filter can be made from different components, but the one that contains activated carbon is considered the most effective, which is why it is worth considering the principle of its manufacture in more detail. The first stage is to find a suitable housing for the product, which can be a plastic bottle.

The order of work is as follows:

• cut out the bottom of the bottle;
• make holes in the lid;
• put gauze or cloth into the bottle, which needs to be folded in several layers;
• activated carbon should be poured onto the bottom layer, approximately 7 cm for a five-liter bottle; the bottom layer should have a powdery consistency, and the top layer should have a granular consistency;
• sand up to eight centimeters high is poured onto the coal;
• Small pebbles are poured onto the sand.

This way you can make a fully working filter that is suitable for a summer house or any other use case. It is important to know that the cleaning process will take quite a long time, so the filter device is suspended near the water source.

Before regular use, it is worth flushing the system by pouring the first batch of water into it, which will wash out all microorganisms and filter the materials to the desired state.

You can make a filter device using scrap materials and a purchased element, for which you need:

• find a 1.5- or 2-liter plastic bottle and cut it into two parts at the place where the product changes its shape;
• a purchased filter is inserted with the bottom side into the upper part of the bottle, along the edge of the plastic object inside, the tip of the spout with a cap is cut off;
• the filter is threaded through the top of the bottle cut off on both sides;
• the finished structure must be lowered into the base of the jar, which will be the finished filter.

Not everyone has water in their well or well at their dacha that is suitable for drinking “immediately”, from a bucket or tap. And even if it is clean, then on the way to the place of “distribution” there are a lot of places where it can become contaminated, chemically and bacteriologically. These are both old pipes and storage tanks, and receivers... Once there, bacteria and microbes feel great. In general, it is advisable to filter the water that is taken inside in any case, and better yet, immediately before use.

If the water in the water supply is under pressure, at least slightly, it is best to install an additional tap, especially for drinking water, and install a stationary filter with a large cartridge into the system (usually a cartridge with activated carbon). For washing dishes and other technical purposes, they use a regular tap, and the water used for cooking is poured from an additional drinking water tap.

It’s worse for those who don’t have running water in their house or if it’s a summer house. Then, with the onset of persistent frosts and cold weather, a problem with water supply arises. Water pipelines in gardening associations They literally drain the water. During this period, summer residents usually begin to bring it with them in large plastic bottles and canisters. Water is “extracted” at home, in stores, at water pumps in populated areas on the way to the dacha, they create supplies. But long-term storage open water does not contribute to its refreshment, so the problem of filtration remains. And there is practically only one way out - filter it in “desktop” pitcher-type filters with a built-in cartridge (again, with activated carbon).

Jug-type drinking water filters are quite inexpensive, relatively convenient and popular. But they have some disadvantages. Firstly, they have a small capacity, 2-3 liters at most. And this is just the daily water consumption rate for one person. A family of 3-5 people will not be very happy with such a filter (in a single copy). Secondly, it is quite inconvenient to use. Since it is designed as a container above a container, separated by a filter cartridge, if we pour water into the upper container, we will have to wait until almost all of it is filtered down. Otherwise, it is impossible to tilt the jug and drain clean water. Thirdly, by purchasing such a filter jug, you become “tied” to a certain type of cartridge. There are no universal cartridges; each manufacturer is interested in getting you hooked on its own “needle”. And fourthly, the resource of such a cartridge is very short, and they need to be changed more often. And they are not cheap...

I had a similar problem, so I decided to make a homemade filter for drinking water. Since my water supply is still summer and the water from the water tank had to be drained.

A homemade water filter had to be free from the disadvantages described above, so I decided to make the filter as follows. Served as a receiving container plastic canister(made of food grade polyethylene) with a capacity of 20 liters. Almost at the very bottom, I used hot glue to glue a small collapsible faucet, which I took from packaged wine. (Well, you probably know, table wine is sold in 3-liter bags. There is a special faucet in the bag. Press it - it flows, release it - it closes). As an initial container, I took a “standard” plastic 10-liter bottle of bottled drinking water. I just cut a filler hole in its bottom. And the neck of the bottle miraculously almost coincided in diameter with the neck of the canister. It fits in so tightly that there is no need to fix it with anything. It remained to resolve the issue with the filter element.

Generally speaking, you can install a standard filter element for a filter that cuts into the water supply. It can be installed inside the top bottle, since it will not fit into the neck of the canister. And you can press it to the neck of the bottle using a pair of washers and a threaded rod. The bottom washer must be perforated (you will need to drill several holes in it). I had already decided to do just that, but then a segment caught my eye polypropylene pipe with a diameter of 40 mm. And.. Oh, miracle! This pipe also fit perfectly, with a slight interference, to the inner diameter of the neck of the bottle! And I decided to make a homemade filter cartridge. It won’t work, I thought, I’ll install an industrial one...

In the homemade cartridge, the most confusing part was the bottom... I managed to pick up a plastic bottle from some kind of medicine. I drilled several holes in the bottom of the bottle, stuffed the bottle with several napkins from nonwoven fabric. Then he pulled it onto the tube. To be safe and clear my conscience, I also dropped a little hot glue. A pipe (30 centimeters) filled with crushed charcoal. This one is sold in bags labeled “Grill Charcoal.” Industrial cartridges use carbon from coconut shells. I don't think it's much better than ours. It’s just that in this way the poor “coconut” republics somehow utilize the shells of coconuts for their benefit, after stripping all the copra from them for mattresses, the pulp for “bounties”, and from coconut milk catch up with the Malibu rum. Well, in any case, there have never been coconuts in our forests, and when my stomach was swollen as a child, my grandmother gave me a piece of “native” birch charcoal and it always helped...

To prevent the coal from floating out of the cartridge, I also pushed several crumpled non-woven napkins from the other end of the tube and fixed them with a few drops of hot-melt adhesive. In general, the cartridge was made. All that remains is to insert it into the neck of the bottle and place it on the canister. This is how the filter for drinking water turned out.

Having poured the first batch of water (5 liters) into a bottle, I immediately poured the result into the sink. No, not because it “didn’t work out.” This is simply a standard operation for “breaking in” the carbon filter itself. Tiny (microscopic) pieces of coal are washed out of it. In principle, they are completely harmless to humans and this operation can be skipped.

The filter productivity turned out to be approximately 2-3 liters per hour. But the most convenient thing is that you fill a full bottle of water from a well in the evening, and in the morning you get it ready the purest water. And you can fill in the next large portion. You can disassemble the water “when it is necessary”, and not when it is strained. Thus, the house always has a sufficient supply of clean drinking water of 10-15 liters. Not much and not little. It does not stagnate and in quantities sufficient for reasonable consumption. And the cartridge is almost “free”. A 10 kg bag of coal costs only 300 rubles. Enough for many years.

In order to always have a glass of clean drinking water on hand, for example at the dacha, you must either buy it, which will entail costs, or resort to using filters.

You can make filtering equipment yourself using simple materials.

As a filter layer, when self-production can be used:

• paper napkins;
• cotton wool;
• gauze;
• cotton fabric;
• grass;
• sand;
• charcoal (crushed);

Conventionally, all of the above components can be divided into 2 types:

1. WITH short term services: napkins, cloth, cotton wool, gauze and other similar materials (can be purchased at a store or pharmacy).
2. Capable of reliably filtering water for a long time: coal, sand and grass (to create charcoal, you need to heat the collected pieces of wood well in a metal bowl, and you can collect the sand yourself and clean it with a sieve or buy it from building materials).

They are alternated in layers to have a greater degree of purification.

Making a filter from a plastic bottle

the simplest filter

We will need: bottle, fabric, coal.

To create a simple design of a filter device from a plastic bottle, you first need to rinse it thoroughly.

1. bottle cap unscrews and leaves aside, and part of the bottom is evenly cut off using a suitable object, for example, a knife.
2. In an upside down bottle a folded cotton cloth is placed. It must be pressed very tightly to the neck of the bottle (in our case, the bottom). To understand what amount of material is optimal, divide the bottle into 5 equal parts, regardless of the narrowing. One of them should be for fabric.
3. The cover needs to be drilled. The hole should be of small diameter.
4. Coal, securely wrapped in gauze and folded in several rows so that the sides are not visible, and the black color is slightly visible from below and above, it is placed inside the bottle with a screwing motion, pressing it as hard as possible to the bottom. Since the filter requires that this part of the structure cannot allow any contaminants to pass by, it must be dense, and this method of placement must be convenient.

The filter is ready, but before you start using it, you need to check its quality. To do this, you can take a liter of water mixed with sand and carefully pour it into a bottle securely fixed to the surface, for example, placing the neck in glass jar suitable size. The outlet water should become clear and clean. It will need to be boiled.

The container can be taken of any size, depending on the purpose of collecting water: from 1 liter or 5-20 liters. And in order for the filter bottle to fit tightly to the vessel with clean water, you need to either treat the surfaces with sandpaper or use rubber seals.

Various combinations of materials can be used as a filter filler. For example, gauze or cotton wool is placed first, the middle layer can be made of charcoal wrapped in cloth, and the top layer can be made of river sand.

If there are no fabrics or napkins at hand, then fresh grass is placed as the first layer, and river sand is placed on top.

Today there are a large number of carbon filters, among which stand out: cartridge, tabletop, automatic and jug. More convenient option, which you can make with your own hands.

How to make a cartridge carbon filter at home?

You need to prepare a fairly large container into which the purified water will flow. For example, a clean 20 liter canister works well. A small hole is cut out at the bottom of one of the sides for a faucet, which is glued there using hot-melt adhesive.

The tap can be purchased separately or cut from a wine bag:

1. For water that will need to be filtered, you can use a plastic bottle of the same volume as for purified water or a little smaller, for example 10 liters. The neck should fit comfortably into the food container. You need to cut a hole at the bottom to fill it with water.
2. Take with a diameter of about 4 cm and a length of up to 30 cm. For the bottom, use a suitable plastic bottle, for example, a medicine bottle, in the bottom of which several small holes are drilled. Several paper napkins are placed inside. The edges should be secured with hot glue.
3. The tube becomes completely clogged with charcoal. Several napkins are placed on top to prevent it from floating. They are also fixed with hot glue to the neck of the top bottle.
4. The upper vessel with the filter is inserted into the lower one. If the structure is sufficiently sealed, then no further action is required. If there is enough big gap, then it must be sealed or rubber inserts of a suitable size must be used.

To check and put the filter into operation, you need to pour 5 liters of water into the upper part. The first filtered water is drained. This operation is necessary so that small particles of coal are washed out.

Filters for water supply

If necessary, you can create a filter for the water supply. In this case, the structure will consist of 3 parts: a layer of gravel is placed on the lower tier, fabric and charcoal are placed on the 2nd tier, and fabric and sand are placed on the third, upper tier. The second option would be a similar system, only other fillers are used: 1 – grass, 2 – ash, stones, 3 – sand.

So using 3 bottles same size, in which the bottom is cut out, you can create your own filter. Fillers are laid out alternately inside: grass, ash/stones, sand or a layer of gravel, then charcoal wrapped in fabric and sand wrapped in fabric.

The bottles themselves are placed one inside the other as they are filled. To prevent water from leaking from the side surface, it will need to be sealed with adhesive construction tape, which has increased moisture resistance.

The resulting device is attached to the plumbing system using a tee. And the water itself is supplied with low pressure power so that the filter has time to cope with its task.

Quick tips:

1. To prevent small particles from coming out with the water., you must remember that it is better to use cloth, gauze or napkins for each layer. They must be folded in several layers for reliability.
2. After installation, always check the filter device for proper operation. If the water comes out cloudy, the filter is not constructed correctly. Therefore, it will be necessary to disassemble it and reassemble it, reversing Special attention on fine sand or ash, which should be better wrapped in cloth.