What's the best way to make a staircase? Step-by-step instructions for making a wooden staircase yourself. Installation of a flight of stairs

Recently construction country house very often it is not limited to one floor. In order to expand the space, a second one is built or insulated and brought into a condition suitable for comfortable living. attic room. This means that you can’t do without a staircase in the interior of the first floor.

A do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor can easily be assembled from a ready-made kit, which can be purchased from companies specialized in the development and manufacture of this interior functional element. In the catalogs offered, you can choose a staircase that will ideally fit into the decor of both floors, and will be comfortable and safe for all family members to ascend and descend.

You can try to build a staircase yourself, but in this case it is necessary to do so, since if the design is not well thought out, a familiar element of the house may well become a traumatic “simulator”.

In addition, you need to decide what role the staircase will play in the interior. It may be completely invisible and not be decorative decoration room, or can become the center of the composition around which the entire design of the room will be built.

Therefore, to choose a suitable instance, it is better though would schematically draw the staircase you wanted would see in your home, but you can already find ready-made option and adapt it to a specific room.

Before choosing a staircase model, you need to know how it is designed and how to calculate its correct parameters.

The main components of the stairs

The design of a staircase has many components, some of them are mandatory, while others may not be included in the design of some types of this structure.

So, a staircase cannot do without steps and the supports that support them - these are the main elements of the most simple designs interfloor stairs.

The step itself consists of two parts - vertical and horizontal. The first of them is called riser, and the second is called gait. The riser is a support for the step, but sometimes they do without it.
Supports can be of two types:

— the bowstring is a beam that supports the steps from their ends;

- stringer - a beam supporting the steps from below.

Railings are also important element stairs, although it is not present in all types. But if there are children or elderly people in the house, then there is no way to do without them.
Balusters are vertically installed supports for railings, which most often become not only a functional part of the staircase, but also its decorative decoration. This element can be made from different materials and have different forms.

Since there are different types of stairs, each of them may have parts that are necessary specifically for a particular design.

Stand - this element is used to construct a spiral staircase. Steps of a special shape are attached to the rack with a certain pitch, which form a spiral rising from the first to the second floor.

Bolts are special bolts, which are also elements supporting the steps; they are attached to the wall and directly to the steps themselves. They are not used for everyone, but only for certain types of stairs.

Types of stairs

Having found out what elements the stairs consist of, you need to understand in more detail what each type of these structures looks like, installed between floors.

Marching staircase

This type of staircase is popular for any type of private home. It consists of one or more straight flights, equipped with evenly spaced steps. It is convenient to go down and up, but the disadvantage of this model is that it requires a lot of space in the room.

The most common are flight stairs

If the staircase consists of several flights, then each of them must have at least 3 ÷ 4 and no more than 15 steps. Failure to comply with this standard may make climbing stairs uncomfortable. Typically, the number of steps in each flight is 8 ÷ 11 pieces, and special platforms are installed between the flights. Their sizes are multiples of the average step length.

Marching stairs can be closed or open. The first of them have risers in the design of the steps, and the second are installed without them. The open version is convenient in cases where the steps are not wide enough.
Marching stairs can have steps attached to stringers or bowstrings. For these parts, boards with a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50, and better even 60 ÷ 70 mm, are selected.
If a straight staircase without turns has more than 8-9 steps, then for strength it is also recommended to divide it with a platform.
In the case when the staircase is built with a slight turn, it is called a turning one, and sometimes in this area, instead of a landing, steps are installed, which are called winders.

Winder steps quarter reversible staircase

In addition to the above types, flight stairs can be:

— quarter turn– the angle of which when turning is 90 degrees, and they are located mainly at the junction of two walls;

- half-turn - their rotation has an angle of 180 degrees;

- circular models - marches successively form a 360-degree turn.

Design of staircases on rails

The name of these stairs on the rails comes from German word"bolzen", which means bolt. So it's a bolted ladder. In fact, it is a fastener in the form of a pin with threads at its ends. With their help, steps and fences are fastened together and mounted in the wall. Thanks to these devices, the design looks light and airy. The absence of risers also contributes to this.

In addition, such a model can be stretched over a certain section of the wall, or it can look quite compact. Despite the apparent lightness, the design is reliable and durable, it can withstand hundreds of kilograms, which is why ladders on bolts are becoming increasingly popular.

Despite the “airy” appearance, the ladder on the rails is very reliable

Naturally, such a structure cannot be located in the middle of the room, since it must be attached to the wall; the main condition for installation is the strength of the material from which it is built.

It is quite difficult to calculate a staircase with rails on your own, but you can purchase it as a kit or order it from professionals to make it, depending on the specific conditions of the house.

Video: installation of a wooden staircase on rails

The installation of this structure is quite complicated, and it is better to entrust it to qualified craftsmen who can assess the possibility of its installation. Therefore, before purchasing a kit, it is best to first consult with specialists.

Spiral interfloor staircase

This design is more complex to install, but has the advantage that it occupies the smallest area of all. existing options, therefore ideal for rooms with small area. In addition, such a staircase can be installed in any convenient place in the room and, if desired, made it the center of the interior composition, since the design has a fairly aesthetic appearance.

Spiral staircase - saves space, but is not always convenient for carrying large objects

Can be different types, but for two-story house A model consisting of a stand and wedge-shaped steps is best suited. For rack choose metal pipe or wooden support.

The rack itself is fixed to the floor of the first floor and in the interfloor or attic ceiling.
The steps are attached to it with the narrow side and rotated so that the overall structure resembles a spiral.
Balusters are installed on the wide side of the steps, the upper part of which is fixed in the handrail, repeating the spiral direction of the entire structure.

Video: installation of a spiral staircase

What is inconvenient about such a model is the fact that it will be difficult to lift or lower down some massive piece of furniture. In addition, when choosing such a model for installation, you need to know that the smaller the opening in the interfloor ceiling for it, the steeper and more inconvenient the staircase will be.

It is not difficult to calculate the screw structure. To do this, determine the area in the room where it will be installed, and calculate its center - this will be the location where the rack will be installed. Next, the distance from the post to the border is measured - this will be the span width, i.e. length of steps.

For comfortable walking on such stairs, the size of the middle step should be at least 200 mm, and the widest part should be no more than 400 ÷ 420 mm.

It is quite possible to make and assemble such a structure yourself, if you have skills in working with wood and the ability to calculate the loads on the selected material. However, if you do not have confidence in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the work to a specialist, since an incorrectly constructed structure is very dangerous.

Requirements for the design of stairs

Before you begin, you need to know the requirements for the staircase design.

Safety is perhaps the most important thing important condition. In order for it to be fully implemented, it is very important to accurately calculate all the parameters:

— the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the method of fastening the first and last of them are calculated;

- if the staircase is not located between two walls, a fence must be installed, and its height must be at least 800 ÷ 850 mm;

- if there are small children in the house, the balusters supporting the handrail of the fence should not be located further from each other than 100 ÷ 120 mm;

— the width of the steps should be 200 ÷ 300 mm;

- the ladder must withstand sufficiently large loads - for residential buildings they are 300 ÷ 350 kg/m²;

- the steps must not be slippery - their texture must be thought out outer covering;

— the entire structure must be securely and rigidly fixed between floors;

— it is undesirable to install the structure at an elevation angle of more than 45 degrees;

— the width of the spans cannot be made less than 850 mm, but the optimal option is 1000 ÷ 1200 mm;

- the staircase will be less dangerous if it is divided into two or three parts by platforms;

— fastenings for structural elements must be made of quality material, so you can’t save on them;

- If wooden parts are processed independently, then you need to bring them to perfect evenness and compliance with the dimensions established by the drawing or patterns.

Video: mistakes in the design and construction of stairs

Calculation of staircase parameters and production of parts

Since for self-manufacturing and installation, a marching structure with steps laid on a stringer is the most affordable, as well as convenient and safe to use, it is worth considering.

The first thing to do is to calculate the location, number and size of steps, as well as the width of the staircase span.

Calculation of staircase parameters

The calculation of the design of the flight of stairs is carried out as follows:

The height of the room and the length of all or part of the wall - the space allocated for installing the stairs - are taken as a basis. Having reduced these values to scale, draw a right triangle, in which the staircase itself will be the hypotenuse, and the legs will be the height of the rise and the floor.

An angle of 45 degrees is considered ideal for installing a staircase, but it can be changed depending on the wishes of the home owner and the area of the room.

A comfortable tread width should be at least 200 mm, so the leg of the floor, based on its natural length, is divided by this value. The resulting number of steps is marked on the drawing.
The height of the risers, convenient for movement, should not exceed 100 ÷ 120 mm. To calculate them, you need to divide the height of the total rise by the selected height of the risers and also transfer it to the drawing.
Thus, you can calculate the dimensions of the stringer for laying the steps.
The width of the stairs will depend on the preferences of the residents and the size of the room.

Video: example of calculating a mid-flight staircase

Manufacturing of staircase parts

In order to correctly manufacture parts, you need to accurately transfer the dimensions from the drawing made to the material and select high-quality, well-dried wood.

The most difficult thing is to cut the stringers perfectly evenly, since the reliability and strength, as well as the aesthetics of the structure, will depend on this. For these load-bearing elements, choose a solid board without cracks and numerous large knots, with a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 mm.
The width of the treads can be 1.5-2 cm greater than the space provided for them on the stringers, plus the thickness of the risers. The steps should be perfectly smooth with neat rounded edges, and this is also very important to take into account. For them, a board with a thickness of 30 ÷ 35 mm is selected.
If it was planned to make the staircase closed, with risers, then they must also be done carefully. For these elements, you do not need to take a board of great thickness, since basically the entire load will fall on the stringers, and the risers will play a role supporting the structure. A thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm is sufficient.

It would be better to purchase balusters and handrails ready-made along with fastenings. If there are children in the house, then, for safety reasons, it is worth installing two balusters on each step. In the case when the children have already grown up, then one element supporting the handrail is enough.

Prices for various types of staircase elements

Elements of stairs

Installation of stairs

Installation of the stairs is the most crucial moment after the manufacture of all structural elements, and it must be approached with the utmost responsibility.

The stringers are installed first according to pre-established marks. On the floor they are fixed to a fixed in the right place support beam, and in the upper part they are installed in the cut gaps in the floor beam. Sometimes, to secure the upper part of the stringers, metal supports are used, mounted on a beam covering the ceiling. The fastenings for these load-bearing elements are anchor bolts.

To ensure that the parts are installed perfectly evenly, during the installation process they are constantly aligned with a plumb line and the building level.

If risers are provided, then they are screwed before laying down the tread surface.
Then the tread panels are secured on top of the stringers and risers with self-tapping screws.

The fastening of risers and steps occurs in a complex, and proceeds down up.

Then, when the steps are ready, you can proceed to installing the balusters.

On both sides, that is, on the floor of the first floor and at the top of the stairs, support posts are installed, which will become the border for general design handrail (railing). They will also play both a supporting and decorative role.

Balusters can be different sizes, and are made of different materials, so they can be attached in different ways. Some of them are simply installed in drilled holes in steps and handrails, others are screwed with self-tapping screws, and the mounting points are closed with decorative plugs.

, they are covered on top with handrails, which are fixed to the supporting outer posts. If necessary, another support post can be installed in the middle of the stairs.
If three or even four racks are installed, then instead of balusters, two or three even boards (planks) fixed parallel to the course of the stairs can serve as a reliable fence.
When the entire structure is assembled, you can proceed to surface treatment using a grinder and sandpaper. Preparation is carried out before applying protective and decorative paint coatings.
The first layer that is applied to the wood is antiseptic compounds. They will protect the wood from rotting, mold or mildew, and from domestic insects. After this, the structure is allowed to dry completely.

Next, the staircase can be varnished in several layers (preferably on water based) hot wax or paint.
If it is necessary to darken the wood, it is first coated with stain or other tinting compounds, and then, after drying, they are applied on top of them varnish coating.

After drying paint coating, the staircase will be ready for use.

Photo instructions for creating a wooden staircase

Step 1 - drawing of the future design

Video: another interesting option for installing stairs to the second floor

If you need to install it in your house, you need to carefully calculate every step of your work and approach it with all responsibility and accuracy.

Modern cottages and private houses require the presence of 2 or more floors, and the topmost of them can be either residential or non-residential premises. In any case, a ladder is required.

Make your own reliable interfloor or attic staircase made of concrete or metal structures is quite heavy, which cannot be said about wood.

Even a novice master can assemble it.

From this article you will learn what types of wooden stairs there are, what are their differences, what material is used to make the spans. In addition, each of you will be able to make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself - in the article we will give approximate calculations and photo.

Types and types of structures

There are several species wooden staircase designs:

Marching stairs. They are easy to manufacture and convenient to use, but require a large area of the room. A flight of stairs can be placed along the wall or mounted in the middle of the room;
. Usually located in conditions limited space. Since the structure's capacity is very small, it is better to move through it one at a time. A spiral staircase (if you build it yourself) will cost much less than other structures, and will last about the same;
Combined stairs. Can be used in the construction of a private house, if the layout allows. Most often, flight stairs are made with a screw element.

Types of structures wooden stairs are the following:

Stairs on pain– the steps are attached to huge hanging bolts (balusters);
stairs on the bowstrings– the flight of stairs is mounted to a beam with special cutouts on inside end-to-end;
stairs on stringers. Stringer is an inclined beam on top of which steps are attached.

What kind of wood can a staircase be made from?

Material selection for depends on the preferences of the owner of the house or apartment, the characteristics of the tree and the cost of it. Various breeds have their advantages and disadvantages:

Maple. A staircase made from this type will be the strongest and most durable. Color – light brown. The disadvantage of a maple staircase is its high price.
Larch. The color of the structure is golden yellow or dark yellow with brown veins. Great tolerates the effects of external factors. A larch staircase will be strong and solid.
Oak. The peculiarity of oak stairs is that the older they are, the darker the shade.
Spruce. The most popular material due to its low cost. Spruce wood has a uniform structure and light shade.
Pine. Due to the low density of wood, it is very easy to process. An additional advantage of pine is low cost material. The disadvantage of a pine staircase is its short service life. It is best to install a pine staircase in the country house where it will be used seasonally.

Pros and cons of wooden stairs

Wooden stairs have their advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a closer look at them.

Positive sides:

Low cost of building materials;
environmental friendliness of wood;
ease of processing;
possibility of DIY installation;
light weight;
aesthetic appearance.

Disadvantages of wood:

Low strength compared to concrete or metal stairs;
tree - natural material and it tends to deteriorate and change. Therefore, after some time, preventative work may be necessary;
fire hazard of the material.

Materials for making stairs

For installation of stairs to the second floor You will need:

Bars for steps;
beams for risers (leg supports);
boards;
beams width 30 - 40 mm;
beam for stringer – 50*240 mm;
screws, self-tapping screws;
wood glue;
building level, square, tape measure;
handrails and, but it is better to purchase them at a hardware store.

Staircase calculations

If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, think over the nuances of the design: determine its dimensions, calculate the number of steps and supports. It is important to initially imagine what function the staircase will perform: connecting the floors or leading to the top of the attic. (Information about self-insulation attics can be read).

Draw diagram It’s also easy to do it yourself. Most often, a straight flight of stairs is made. It connects the first floor with the second, and reaches a height of several meters. For convenience, the angle of inclination of the structure should be equal to the value in 30-40 degrees.

Note! Wooden houses give significant shrinkage in the first two years after construction, so the angle of inclination may change.

So, for your convenience, we will provide basic calculations elements of the staircase (using the example of a wooden one) standard designs:

Base length - 3.5-4 m;
flight of stairs - 2.5 m;
width of steps – 30 cm;
height of steps – 15-20 cm.

Necessary calculations

1. We define height of the stairs. Average value from ceiling to floor – 250 cm. TO given value need to add thickness interfloor covering. Its average 35 cm. We get:
  250+35=285 cm

1. calculate number of steps: divide the height of the stairs by the height of the steps. It is better to take the last value (i.e. the height of the steps) as average - 17 cm. We get:
  285 cm/17 cm =16.76

The value is rounded up. Total we get 17 steps.

1. define step width. It is believed that the permissible tread width (flat facing part of the step) can range from 22-40 cm. In Russian practice, to calculate the width of the step and rise (risers), the formula is used: a + b = 47 cm, Where A- riser height, b- step width. We get:
  47-16.67=30.3 cm

The value is rounded to 30 cm. - this is the width of the step.

1. The width of the flight of stairs must be a multiple of the width of the step. In our case, this value can be equal to 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm. etc.
2. calculate length of stairs. The length of the staircase is equal to the product of the number of steps and their width. We get:
  17*30= 480 cm

calculate stringer length. We make calculations according to the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. That is A²+B²=C². In this formula:
A– height of the stringer,
IN– length of flight of stairs,
WITH– stringer length. We get:

230400 + 81225 = 311625
The root of this number is 558.23 cm. Can be rounded to 560 cm.

Advice! If it is difficult to make geometric calculations, you can draw a staircase on paper on an appropriate scale and measure the angle and length of the base.

Assembling the stairs

Before you begin assembling the stairs to the second floor, you need to decide place for installing stringers(supporting structure of a flight of stairs). Installation stairs (in our case, a marching structure) includes several stages:

1. Installation of stringers. We fasten the lower part of the stringer with a support beam. From above we cut the stringer into the ceiling beam.

grinding stairs, coating with a protective composition.
varnishing And painting. To do this, use a roller or brush. Paint over need a ladder in 2-3 layers, each subsequent layer must be applied after some time so that the previous layer has time to dry.

Cost of a finished staircase

Those who decided to buy ready wooden staircase or make it order, should be aware that the cost will depend on the complexity of the design and the type of wood.

For example, the most common design of a flight of stairs with a turn at 90 degrees pine will cost 60-80000 rub.., from birch – 100,000 rub..,made of oak – 150,000 rub..

You can order a wooden staircase in a specialized store or on company websites. Manufacturing On average it takes up stairs 5-10 working days.

It’s up to you to make a wooden staircase yourself or order it from specialists. Self-installation It's not a quick process, but it has its advantages. First of all, this saving cash and visual Quality control building materials.

This is how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands video.

You can seek help from professionals, but keep in mind that they may not give any importance minor defects during construction, which can subsequently lead to serious damage and subsequent repairs. A staircase to the second floor made independently will give you several advantages:

the result will meet expectations;
will help save money and nerves;
a staircase made by yourself will become a source of pride for you.

If you are limited in cash to purchase materials, you can buy cheaper analogues: instead of wood, use chipboard, which can be coated with varnish or paint.

In pursuit of savings, you can lose sight of quality. Although a cheap wooden staircase can also last for quite a long time, it will very soon begin to creak. To avoid this problem, the ladder must be assembled using silicone sealant, which is impossible to do without first painting the parts.

In this article we will talk about how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands from wood and metal, and also show photo and video instructions.

For the manufacture of interfloor stairs concrete can be used with tile or marble cladding, metal (requires welding machine), as well as a tree. The last option is the most practical and convenient. The wooden structure is lightweight, easy to install and beautiful. appearance.

If you have a room with a ceiling height of 2.8 m, you should give preference to straight structures, or with a staircase turning by 25%. The flight of stairs is made with a length of 80 cm. This option allows you to use the space under the stairs for storing things. One cannot fail to note a minus: the free space on the upper and lower floors will be significantly reduced.

To save precious square meters A spiral staircase is ideal, but it is also not without its drawbacks:

the climb is too steep;
small width of stairs.

Installing a spiral staircase will require 3 m² of free space and a lot of labor.

Another option for constructing a staircase is possible, in which it is located along the surface of the wall. In this case, it is worth considering two marches and a turn. This way you will make it as compact and comfortable as possible for movement.

Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs. Measure the distance between the floors of the first and second floors along with the ceiling. This way you will determine the height of the structure. The step should have a height of 18–20 cm. Next, dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the steps, you will get the total number of steps.
Projection of dimensions onto the floor surface. To design the structure, it is necessary to determine the width of the steps (approximately 30 cm), after which their number must be multiplied by their width. As a result, you will get the projection size.
Manufacturing of staircase elements. To make a stringer you will need timber measuring 14×16, steps – 4 cm boards, risers – 2.5 cm boards. You will determine the length of the step yourself, remembering that the larger it is, the better.
Preliminary fitting. If everything fits during the preliminary fitting of parts, process each element grinder and assemble the structure. To fix the staircase parts together, coat all places where they come into contact with each other with glue (PVA or wood glue) and additionally secure with screws.
Stain and varnish coating. First, apply stain to the surface, and after waiting for it to dry, cover it with several layers of varnish.

As design solution You can consider the mortise steps, which are inserted into the grooves cut in the stringer:

Make markings on the stringer where the steps will be installed. Using a hacksaw and chisel, cut out the grooves.
Make several 9mm holes in the center of the groove.
Screw the turbo couplings into the holes made.
Install the step into the groove and tighten with bolts.

When purchasing planed wood, you must consider the following requirements:

there should be no dark spots on the surface;
The presence of cracks, chips, roughness and other defects is unacceptable.

Knots (diameter up to 1 cm) can only be present if the material is used to make steps or risers. Also pay attention to humidity; the large mass of the board indicates that you should refuse the purchase.

When making a structure without experience, you may encounter certain difficulties, but your desire and desire will help you achieve the desired result.

Now we invite you to familiarize yourself with the technology of making wooden stairs. First of all, it is necessary to make drawings with individual design details. To do this, take well-dried wood and transfer the appropriate dimensions to it. Several factors should be taken into account:

The strength and reliability of the staircase will entirely depend on the correct cutting of the stringers. Therefore, their production must be approached responsibly. Moreover, for the stringer you need to select whole board, which does not have large knots in large quantities. The thickness of the board can be 45–50 mm.
The board for risers can be 15–20 mm thicker than what is allocated for them on the stringer, and the thickness of the riser is also taken into account. The treads themselves must have a perfectly flat surface with neat rounded edges. The thickness of the board can be between 30–35 mm.
If you want to do closed staircase with risers, their manufacture must also be extremely careful. Its thickness should not be large, 15–20 mm is enough. In this case, the main load will go to the stringers. The risers themselves play the role of support.
As for balusters and handrails, it is recommended to purchase them ready-made with stationary fastenings.

If you have small children at home, then for safety reasons, install 2 balusters on each step. In all other cases, you can install one at a time.

When all the design blanks are ready, you can begin the most important stage of work - installation of the stairs. All subsequent work looks like this:

Stringers are installed at the selected location. To do this, attach a support beam to the floor; it is on it that the stringer will be attached. At the top, the fastening is carried out in a cut groove in the beam. In some cases, a metal support is used for fastening. In this case, an anchor bolt is used for fastening. When installing the stringer, be sure to check everything for a level or plumb line.
Before laying the tread fabric, you should screw the risers.

After this, treads are fixed with self-tapping screws on the stringers and on top of the risers in the direction from bottom to top.
After this, the balusters are installed.

So, you install support drains on top of the stairs and below. They will serve as the border of the handrails and also support the railing.

In addition, the support posts serve as decorative elements. Therefore, they are often made using wood cutting.

Balusters, in turn, can have different shapes, dimensions and fastening methods. Some, for example, are simply screwed on with self-tapping screws, others are mounted in pre-drilled holes. But in any case, the attachment point must be covered with a decorative plug. Further work looks like this:

On top of the installed balusters, attach the railings to the outer support posts. Additionally, you can install 1 or 2 additional support posts in the middle.
When using two, three or more support posts, instead of balusters, several boards can be installed between the posts parallel to the slope of the stairs.
At the next stage, you can begin sanding using sandpaper or a sander. After this, the paint coating is applied.

The first layer acts as an antiseptic against rotting and mold/mildew. The structure must dry, after which you can begin the main painting.

The staircase is covered with water-based varnish, hot wax or paint. You can also cover the wood with stain, which will slightly darken the structure. It all depends on your desire.

Thus, the wooden staircase is ready for use.

A ladder made of metal requires a lot of labor, plus not everyone has the skills to work with a welding machine. And yet, if you are ready to carry out work of this kind, then you need to prepare the following set of tools:

Welding machine and electrodes for direct current Ø3.2 and 1.6 mm.
Welder protective mask.
Mittens.
Grinder and cutting discs 125×1.6 mm.
Sanding disc 125 mm.
Drill and set of drills for metal.
Metal table.
Clamp that can be adjusted from 0 to 800 mm in height.
Vise.
Pencil.
Square.
Roulette.
Metal paint.
White Spirit.
Primer.

Given all this, and also suitable material you can start installation work. As for the selection of material, this can be done according to the completed drawing. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the principle of manufacturing a metal staircase on two stringers.

It is worth immediately noting that the entire process consists of the following step-by-step actions:

Manufacturing of blanks.
Making fillies, i.e. step fastening units.
Welding the support corner.
Installation of the stringer.
Welding steps and railings.
Sanding and priming/painting.

All work should be done slowly, strictly adhering to all dimensions of the drawing. Otherwise, any slight distortion will be difficult to correct; moreover, it will spoil the appearance of the finished structure. So, the work is carried out as follows:

It is necessary to make fastenings for steps (fillies) from the corners. In relation to each other, they should be mirror images.
You can make fillies from a corner. To do this, cut out the samples and join the corners together. The result should be L-shaped blanks with shelves down and inward. Depending on the number of steps, you make a pair of fillies. One of them will be left, the other will be right.
Between each pair of angles, weld brackets for attaching the step and crossbar. The crossbar is similarly made from a corner.
To increase strength, you can install small gussets at the bottom of the step towards the stringer.
Now take the square one profile pipe and make markings on it, or rather, on its edge. Using it you can weld the fillies to the stringer. Transfer exactly the same markings to another stringer. As a result, it will be possible to achieve the geometry of the entire structure.

If metal staircase has a width of more than 1.2 m, then you will need to install an additional stringer.

Next you need to attach the stringer. At the bottom it is welded to the support platform, and at the top it is fixed to the floor slab or to the wall with anchors. In each individual case, the fastening method may differ. Therefore, be guided by the features of your opening. During this process, it is important to stay level. Moreover, the two stringers must be strictly at the same level. Finally, all that remains is to weld the steps to the fillets. As an option, you can install wooden steps on the fillies. But for this you need to use fastening bolts.

The topmost step should be installed as close to the wall as possible (if the stringers are anchored to the wall). Next, weld the fence. At the same time, install it on the side so as not to reduce the width of the steps.

When arranging the railings, you can use forging or purchase prepared elements. Here again, it all depends on your personal taste and vision of the final result.

When all welding work completed, it's time to grind all the weld joints. It is also necessary to remove all burrs and nicks. Using a wire brush, sweep away any particles. After this, the surface of the stairs is primed and painted in the desired color.

If the steps are wooden, then their installation is carried out after the paint has dried.

Finally, you can decorate the stairs. For example, cover the steps from the bottom with wood. You can also make fencing from of stainless steel. Lay out the steps ceramic tiles. Due to this, a seemingly careless and bulky design will acquire beautiful outlines and will be an excellent addition to the interior of the house.

Although this entire process may seem straightforward, working with metal is very tedious. Unlike working with wood, when it is easy to correct defects and shortcomings, working with metal is much more problematic. However, the service life of the entire structure significantly exceeds its wooden counterpart.

Speaking of attractiveness and bright element interior, then competitors to the spiral staircase can hardly be found. If properly constructed, it will last for many years. It can be made from wood or metal with forged elements. There are 4 main types of spiral staircases:

A design with wedge-shaped steps, the narrow side resting on a supporting central column, and the wide side resting on a wall or fabricated frame. In this case, spiral bowstrings are constructed on stringers.
A free-standing structure, remote from the walls, with cantilevered steps on a monolithic pillar placed in the center.
Design without central support pillar. The support for the steps is curved bowstrings or stringers, which smoothly turn into railings. This option is very beautiful and sophisticated. However, it is very difficult to manufacture.
Design with a central support rod (asbestos-cement or steel pipeØ50 mm). This type of staircase is the most common.

As practice shows, the most convenient spiral staircases are with a span of 0.8–0.9 m wide. As a result, the diameter of the entire staircase design will reach up to 2 m, this is taking into account the central support post and railings. If we talk about the shape of the staircase, it can be round, square, rectangular or oval.

If the traffic intensity in your house is low, then the total diameter of the stairs is sufficient to make it up to 1.5 m. In this case, the treads will have a width of up to 0.6 m.

It is also necessary to consider the ergonomics of the spiral staircase. The principle of the size and height of steps is the same as on ordinary straight stairs; we have already talked about such measurements above. But there are some features, namely a comfortable lifting height for a person. For example, we suggest you consider the option of a spiral staircase, 3 m high and 0.8 m wide.

The calculations are presented below:

The total diameter of the staircase with these dimensions is equal to twice the width of the flight, and the thickness of the support post is 20 cm. As a result, we get the following - D = 0.8 × 2 + 0.20 = 1.8 m.
The lifting radius is equal to half the width of the flight of stairs and support: Rn = 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.5 cm.
Now, by dividing the length of the movement trajectory by the depth of the tread, you can determine the number of steps in one turn: L = 2 π: 200 = 2 × 3.14 × 500: 200 = 17.2. As a result, there can be 17 steps in one flight of stairs.
It is also necessary to calculate the ergonomic height of the step. This must be done taking into account that a person can move freely at full height. Let's take as an example a height of 1.8 m, add operational 20 to this value and divide by the number of steps in one turn. The result is: h = 2000: 17 = 120 mm.

If spiral staircase has a height of 3 m, then to determine the number of steps, perform the following steps n = 3000: 120 = 25. The result is 25 steps, 12 cm high.

In order for a spiral staircase to be durable and easy to use, it is important to follow the following rules:

It is better not to install risers on a spiral staircase. This will increase the safety of the structure, and the foot will rest well on the step and will not slip off the step in a narrow place.
If the passage height is 2 m, then even A tall man will be able to comfortably move up stairs.
To install the support post, select a location that will support the weight of the entire structure and 2-3 people.

For steps, it is best to choose a durable type of wood, such as oak or beech. Although it is much easier to buy ready-made steps. For example, you buy a step rectangular shape, and cut out the required configuration from it. The thickness of the product can be 40 mm or 30 mm. If one step is divided diagonally, the result will be two steps at once. The edges of the workpiece must be rounded and sanded with a grinder. Then you can varnish or paint them. A special bushing should be attached to the step, which will hold it on the support post.

Wooden ladders are a “must have” for every summer resident. This is a universal projectile for a country house, with which you can climb onto the roof of a barn or haystack, use it as a platform for construction work, harvest from trees (or animals) or inside, and even periodically help out a neighbor, earning bonus trust points - there are a lot of areas of use. However, if you are reading this article, then you already have a need for a wooden ladder; now we will consider how to satisfy your desires.

The first and easiest option is to buy it in a store. They prefer aluminum structures, they are very light and look chic, but there is a big drawback - the price of such a product will make even the blind see. The second option is to hire builders or order a staircase made of wood. But they will also charge you about 2,000 rubles for the work; construction is not cheap these days. The third option is to do it yourself. The cost of our design was 570 rubles (depending on the cost of the materials you find).

Interested? Then let's get down to business and make a simple staircase out of wood using improvised tools, improvised materials (you will most likely have to buy beams) and without an auxiliary worker. For your attention step-by-step and detailed instructions for making stairs with visual materials.

Design features of a wooden ladder

Let's first choose the type of staircase we need to make and look at where the “legs” of this product come from. In fact, this is the simplest type of product that exists; there will be no hinged joints or retractable structures. The staircase consists of strings (two large side beams on which the steps are attached), reinforcements (tensioning elements) and steps. You can also nail anti-slip pads to the bottom (bottom) of the ladder or pegs if it is used on the ground. The angle of the ladder can be different, but it is recommended to work at an angle of no more than 70 degrees (when the ladder is installed at an angle of 75 degrees, you must use safety fasteners). This will make the job safe.

We will not use aluminum and steel parts in this type of product, since our main goal now is to consider how to make a wooden ladder with minimum budget and with improvised means, without using a welding machine or an electrical network at all. To do this, we will need to calculate the approximate number of wooden beams that must be purchased in advance and the length of the strings.

As for the side beams (strings), everything is simple here: you need to decide what length of the extension ladder you need and add 40 centimeters - this is the length of the ladder strings. It's better to use them wooden beam with dimensions of 70 by 40 millimeters, so that there is enough to spare, and the ladder can withstand a respectable Russian man weighing 120-130 kg. Now the steps. In most cases, a distance of 30 centimeters is needed for a comfortable step. We take the total length of the stairs and divide by 30 - we get the number of steps. Now we need 2 more M10 steel studs (“ties”) 60 centimeters long (this is optional, the ladder will also hold up well without them).

Materials and tools for making an extension ladder

You won't need much and you can get away with just a hammer, nails and a saw, but we decided to make the strings and steps of the ladder nice, well sanded and protected from corrosion, so the list of tools will be a little longer.

Hammer. You can take a small one, with a head of 200-250 grams - this will be quite enough for driving nails.
Saw. It should be comfortable, since you will have to cut a lot (at a minimum, cut off all the steps and make cuts on the strings and sole).
Axe. This will be a substitute for a chisel, since almost everyone has one, but a special tool for working with wood may not be available.
Paint and brush. It is better to use deep impregnations to protect the wood from corrosion, the brush is at your discretion (and you can paint it with a roller if desired).
Nails. 80-90 mm will be quite enough, some use screws, but we will make a staircase with nails - it turns out just as reliably and just as durable, proven over the years.
Sandpaper or any rough sanding agent for wood.
Tape measure or ruler with pencil. This is especially true for those whose eyes constantly malfunction.

Actually, nothing else is needed to make strings and nail the steps of the ladder onto them. If you use metal pins to tie the strings, then you will need a few more nuts and a wrench to tighten it all tightly.

How to make a wooden ladder - step-by-step instructions for beginners

Perhaps our advice will be a little broad, but we repeat that this is an instruction specifically for a novice builder who is picking up all the tools for the first time and trying to figure out how to make a wooden ladder with his own hands. Let's look at the whole process step by step, taking into account all the details.

STEP 1: AND making a ladder string(support beams). They should be the same length, say exactly 5 meters. From one edge of each string we cut a piece of wood at an angle for better adhesion to the soil - this will be the bottom of the stairs. Now we lay 2 beams on a flat surface so that there is a distance of approximately 65 centimeters between the lower ends (the width of the ladder at the bottom), and 40 centimeters between the upper ends. It would be better to fix the bowstrings in this position in any convenient way.

STEP 2:D eat "notches". We retreat 35-40 centimeters from the bottom of the stairs and apply transverse marks on wooden beams every 30 centimeters - this will be the frequency of the installed steps. Then exactly according to the marks we make a cut to a depth of 2 centimeters. Above the mark (5 cm), we place a chisel (or ours) at an angle of 30 0 with the blade directed towards the mark, and little by little hammer it in so that it chops off a piece of wood, forming a small step in place of the mark. This should be done with all the marks on the bowstring. It is advisable to treat the grooves with paint and varnish products to protect against corrosion.

STEP 3: AND making steps. We will need wooden blocks 60 centimeters long (then we will cut off the excess from the top of the stairs), with side parameters of approximately 40x25 mm. We cut them with a hacksaw, using only wood without knots or cracks. There should be about 15 such steps (for a staircase 5 m high).

STEP 4: U installing wooden staircase steps. The step is inserted into the groove we made on the bowstring (the notch is chipped), nailed or screwed to the main beam. This must be done with all the sawn steps, and then cut off the excess wood on the sides, because at the top the staircase narrows and the beams 60 cm long will necessarily be larger than the width of the staircase.

STEP 5: U installation of couplers. If you want to install them, then you need to drill 2 in the string under the lower and upper steps through holes 10 mm in diameter, put the studs in, put them on the washer and screw on 2 nuts on top, which are tightened together with wrenches.

Important: requirements for wooden ladders may vary, but many still prefer to wear safety boots. These are rubber pads or pins on the lower supports of the stairs. They prevent slipping on hard and wet surfaces, ensuring maximum safety for the builder.

Now we can assume that we have already made a wooden ladder with our own hands and we just need to sand it sandpaper and do a production test. If the angle of use of the ladder is too large, it is necessary to use safety hooks. This could be a metal hook to the very top step.

Protective treatment of a wooden ladder

The product is durable and has a good appearance, but it will not remain that way for long if the product is not protected with anti-corrosion mixtures. After a few months bacteria penetrate the fibers and cause wood rotting, which significantly reduces its strength and durability. In order for the ladder in your house to last as long as possible, you need to treat it deep impregnations and open with varnish. A simple instruction for implementing this task looks like this:

We open with impregnation, thin layer. We wait about 1-2 hours until the materials dry a little.
Apply a second layer of impregnation and wait another 1-2 hours until the materials become much thicker.
We open it with varnish for the most neat appearance. It adds shine. Let the product stand for about 1 day and it can be used for its intended purpose.

This is how you make an extension ladder with your own hands, which will serve the owner from several years to decades, depending on the correct use and periodic care of the product (re-painting).

We recommend reading these simple but very useful tips on assembling an extension ladder, which can help avoid the main mistakes of beginners. By following the recommendations on how to make a ladder without mistakes, you will be able to assemble a reliable and beautiful design right the first time, no matter your construction skills.

The recommended height of the stairs is no more than 5 meters with a string beam height of no more than 70 mm. You should not make the ladder too high unless necessary, since its weight will already be about 25 kg in a perfectly dry state, and it will be difficult to carry.
To use a ladder in the garden, the rubber shoe is replaced with a “pin” that is driven into the ground, this will be much more convenient.
The place where the steps are attached to the string must be opened with anti-corrosion impregnations before installing the steps, since the general treatment of the stairs will not be able to reach that place later.
Device ladders may be different. You can use the cheapest joint to create a stepladder from two wooden ladders. Leave 30 centimeters after the last step at the top - in case you ever get another ladder and want to turn them into a stepladder temporarily (for harvesting or repairs at the dacha).
All parts must be free of cracks and chips - they reduce the reliability of the structure.
Make sure that the markings of the stairs are “mirror”, do not allow the marks to be at different heights, first put all the steps in their place and see if everything works out smoothly.

There are different drawings of wooden ladders that you can make yourself, but we chose the simplest and most cheap option assemblies. When purchasing wood at a regular sawmill, the cost of all materials will not exceed 600 rubles, while the cost of a finished structure in a store will be 4,500 rubles and more. Thus, you can save from 4,000 rubles by working with your own hands.

We invite you to watch detailed process making a wooden staircase on video:

Today the majority country houses built on two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises with moving between levels, or more precisely, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use various materials, both traditional and modern. But probably one of the most popular materials for building stairs (and other structures) remains wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do it yourself. This article will talk about how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in country house It's worth thinking through some details. Firstly, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction they are most often used two types of stairs:

marching;
screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. However, such designs are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves are quite narrow; it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along them (not to mention carrying large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private home is considered wooden staircase. Such designs can be easily made with your own hands. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Marching stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can have one or two flights. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Secondly, it's worth decide on some more parameters. Namely:

how much free space you can allocate for installing stairs;
what is the height between floors;
what maximum load will the ladder have to withstand;
what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what their height and width are, what kind of railings to use, etc.).

You can decide on the appearance by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be completely implemented independently, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

Once you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to make calculations of the future structure and its drawing. At the beginning calculate all indicators. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you go up the steps, your head should be clear so that you don't hit yourself. The length of the string or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparing the necessary material and tools

Knowing all the design parameters, you can prepare required material . Wooden stairs can be made from different breeds. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. Most often used conifers. They are quite durable, easy to process and inexpensive.

When purchasing wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. There should be no rotting areas, fallen knots or deformations on the boards. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and their width should be in accordance with the size of the steps. The length of the bar must be enough for the entire length of the march; sewing two bars together is not allowed;
tread boards 40 mm thick;
boards for steps 30 mm thick;
it is better to purchase balusters, railings and other accessories ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

devices for marking and measuring (tape tape, rulers, construction corner);
To make holes you will need a drill (preferably an electric one);
a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
a screwdriver or better a screwdriver with a set of attachments;
hammer and chisel for making grooves;
plane (preferably electric);
sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a staircase

Now let's get acquainted with the instructions for installing the wooden staircase itself in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can get started. Installation of stairs do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the assembly of the stairs. Remains only cover all surfaces protective layer in the form of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If you want to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by yourself, is ready. It will surely decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.