Photo report: Swedish country houses and dachas in the vicinity of Stockholm. Swedish style house designs

Russia is a rather cold country, especially in winter period, so you need to build a house in accordance with climatic conditions.

Swedish technology is ideal for this, as it is energy-saving. In addition, when building a house, the price initially includes interior finishing, which allows you to simply move in and live after construction is completed.

House project using Swedish construction technology

This option is very profitable because there are no additional costs required:

for the installation of plumbing;
wallpapering or painting walls;
finishing of ceilings and floors.

All electrical work, installation of sockets, switches, interior lighting is done during the construction of the house. Even tiles and laminate are laid during construction.

Such a house is being built quite quickly.

First installed load-bearing frame, then the floors and rafters are laid. The material for it is a very light thin-walled thermal profile, which is made of high-strength galvanized steel. One may wonder why steel was not used in construction before. The answer is very simple - with a solid frame, areas that accumulate cold are formed and condensation occurs, as a result of which the entire structure is subject to gradual destruction. But this applies to solid profiles.

Sample of a load-bearing metal frame of a house

For external walls in Swedish frame house use steel thermoprofiles, cross section which are minimal, and in order to increase the heat flow, through grooves are cut into them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

Despite the fact that it is possible to build a house using this technology quite quickly, it is, however, more difficult to do than to raise a Canadian modular house or assemble a panel structure from laminated veneer lumber.

The fact is that the frames are assembled at the construction site and have dimensions that do not allow them to be transported.

For external walls, the boards are planed by hand, primed, then painted in two layers, and only after that they are attached to the frame with screws. The base of the roof is OSB-3, onto which soft metal tiles are attached.

As for the construction of the foundation, it is usually made monolithic. To strengthen the frame, put on it permanent formwork, which is filled with foam concrete or, to reduce cost, thermoflock. None of these materials shrink, do not lose their properties over time, and are environmentally friendly.

The thermal conductivity of a thermal profile frame is 20% lower than that of wooden analogues, due to which the house receives increased energy savings. The assembly of such a structure can be done at any time of the year, even in winter.

Advantages of a Swedish house

The construction of frame houses using frames began more than 100 years ago in Sweden. They were erected in fishing villages. Today all projects Swedish houses calculated on computers and improved. Added strength to these buildings is given by a monolithic strip or slab foundation.

How a Swedish house is arranged

While production is taking place at the factory steel frame, the foundation is already being poured on the site, and by the time all the elements are delivered, the foundation will be completely ready. To buy such a house there is absolutely no need to go to Sweden. It can be ordered from a company engaged in the construction of Swedish-style housing.

House frame

Since the frame is very light, the load of the entire structure does not exceed 117 kg/m2 of the foundation, which means that the foundation does not have to be very powerful, that is, you can save a lot on this.

The concept of "buffet house" fashion trend became in Russia relatively recently, already in the new millennium, entering into competition with the so-called, already entrenched in the market. "Canadian home"

A new concept may conceal different content. At least two:

Frame houses supplied from Swedish factories;
Prefabricated houses being built in Russia using LSTK frame technology.

Let's figure it out.

One of the main advantages of the technology frame construction LSTK are small specific gravity designs

Country houses from Sweden

Eg, country houses from Sweden and their projects are offered on the Russian market by several construction supply companies.

Similar Swedish houses are supplied to customers in fully equipped, so to speak, “turnkey”, and this concept implies all the necessary components for comfortable life to the maximum, based on the principle that purchasing (installing) a home for a person is a very serious and responsible step, which means that each stage of its construction needs to be clear and well-organized.

This house offers:

Dubbed heating system when space heating is carried out using several systems. They can function as a single unit or separately.
The entire structure is qualitatively thermally insulated to avoid extra costs for heating.
A heat pump is supplied that works in tandem with boilers at different types fuel as well as electricity.
“Warm floors” are installed;
Wall radiators are pre-installed;
Air conditioning and heat recovery are carried out;
A fireplace is installed in the central part of the house;
Mobile cleaning system with the necessary facilities;
Independent water supply;
A universal energy supply system, which implies the ability not to connect to centralized communication networks.

The set, as we see, is attractive.

But the “goodies” don’t end there.

Production time and commissioning

This is also a relevant question - seasonality in the regions of Russia usually presents difficulties with timing, and house construction often ends up being delayed for more than one year.

As for Swedish houses, the entire process of building a house (due to the peculiarities frame technology) from the application to its commissioning takes several weeks, and this does not depend on the geographical location and time of year.

Free project

When concluding a contract with a customer for the construction of a Swedish house, the company usually provides a free housing design.

There are several classes of Swedish houses. The following products are supplied to Russia: ELIT, MASSIV, LUXURY - manufactured directly at Swedish factories.

Swedish house in Russian design

The concept of a Swedish house in Russia is somehow conditional. Nowadays such a house can not only be “brought” directly from Europe. But order to domestic producers. And even build it yourself.

LSTK technology has spread - an abbreviation for the name “Light Steel Thin-Wall Structures”.
Such structures based on thin steel up to 3 mm thick are used for the construction of quickly constructed frame buildings.

Such structures include profiled sheets and thin-walled profiles made of galvanized steel.

Although profiled steel sheets today make up approximately 70% of all light weights produced in our country steel structures, the term LSTC has been established in Russia as denoting technologies for constructing buildings using galvanized profiles.

The emergence of LSTK technology

This technology was developed in the 50s of the 20th century in Canada. The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number of low-rise buildings for the middle class corresponding to the climatic conditions of the country. LSTK technology quickly became widely used, reducing (and completely eliminating in the suburbs and cities) the use of wooden frames due to their high cost, susceptibility to rotting and exposure to insect pests. But the main factor for the development of LSTK was still the possibility of industrial, mass production steel profiles and material availability.

It should be noted that at the moment the LSTK technology does not occupy a leading position in the markets of low-rise individual construction in those countries from which this technology is imported to us. Frame house construction is developed in North America, Canada, Scandinavian countries, but so far they are building more houses on the basis of a timber frame.

Application

Lightweight steel thin-walled structures are made from galvanized profiles or perforated profiles (thermoprofiles). Guides, racks and jumpers are made.

To connect cold-formed profiles use:

bolts (diameter 5-16 mm),
self-tapping screws;
self-drilling self-tapping screws;
blind rivets;
powder mounting dowels;
pneumatic mounting dowels;
puklyovki;
press connections (Rosetta).

Advantages

Among the first advantages of such houses is environmental friendliness, because... When constructing a structure based on LSTK, the surrounding landscape, including trees and shrubs, is minimally damaged. In addition, if necessary, complete disposal of the house is possible;
Construction speed. The construction time for a building based on light-weight steel frames usually does not exceed 4-5 months;
Simplicity and ease of installation. When working, 3-4 workers are enough;
There is no shrinkage of the foundation either during construction or during operation;
All-season installation;
Lack of heavy equipment during construction;
Seismic resistance. By the way, the construction of houses using LSTC technology has gained considerable popularity in Japan and other countries where seismic activity is high.
Quite low cost per 1 sq. m. In Russia market price 1 sq. m of such housing made of LSTK is approximately 19-20 thousand rubles.
High heat saving.
The service life of houses made from light steel frames is declared to be 70-100 years or more.

I note that for the most part, the listed advantages apply not so much to light steel frames, but to frame structures in general.

Direct advantages of LSTC

Stability and accuracy geometric dimensions profiles
Compact for transportation
Factory quality. The kit for the construction of a building from LSTK is produced in a factory and delivered to the site in the form of a ready-made “house kit” with project documentation on assembly.

Flaws

There is an opinion that the main disadvantage of this technology is “ thin walls" Many consumers even have the feeling that you can easily break through such a wall with almost your fist. But this is unfounded, because the materials for installing floors and cladding are very plastic, and they can withstand impacts.
There is also an opinion that a low service life compared to buildings made of stone and brick is ensured by using galvanized steel thermal profiles for production general purpose(Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), this disadvantage is minimized if steel with a zinc coating of 25 microns (Zn > 350 g/sq.m.) is used as a raw material.
In Russia, the declared quality of structures does not always correspond to the real one. Frequently, manufacturers of LSTK underestimate the real quality characteristics products in pursuit of lower costs. Typical situations - reduction in profile thickness, more thin layer zinc (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.). Это прямо влияет на качество конструкции.
Critical dependence of the customer on the manufacturer. After all, it turns out that sometimes a panel is not made exactly correctly or carelessly (a forgotten “screw”), and problems may arise during the installation of the building.
Lack of conclusions on electromagnetic safety of living in buildings with metal frame, there is insufficient information about how such buildings react to electromagnetic radiation.
The design and installation of buildings made from light steel frames must be carried out by highly qualified specialists. The cost of such mistakes can be high.

Video about LSTK technology

Basic Swedish house

At the heart of every project is a basic residential building. The projects differ from each other only in the external environment of this basic house. Therefore, the basic one usually does not change. But they can change the configuration of his environment.

The foundation is monolithic, buried 1.5 m, reinforced concrete. Such a foundation is 7-8 times more expensive than shallowly buried foam blocks or the recently introduced screw-in piles. But these “screw-in” foundations have virtually no history of use in Russia for construction frame houses. Reinforced concrete monolith is a time-tested solution, used, by the way, not only for frame houses, but for brick houses.

(analogues of our gardening partnerships) in Sweden there are several more types country houses for relax. Country houses for temporary residence include villas (villa), cottages (torp), weekend or vacation houses (fritidshus), country houses (lantställe), holiday homes (semesterhus), summer huts (sommarstuga) or just huts (stuga ). There are varieties of such houses as houses for children, garden houses, sports huts near ski resorts, etc. However, most often Swedish houses for recreation they are divided into villas and weekend houses (vacation or vacation). These buildings differ in size, level of design and comfort. In addition, the villa implies the possibility of year-round living in it, although in many Swedish country holiday houses you can live all year round.

There are analogues of country houses for holidays in many European countries: in England it is a weekend cottage, in Finland it is a cottage or villa, in France it is Chaumiere (literally a small house under a thatched roof), in Italy it is a second home (Seconda Casa), in Norway it is mountain or forest hut, holiday home (Ferienhaus) in Germany, and in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus - this is a well-known dacha.

Initially, country villas were available only to the wealthy sections of Swedish society. However, with beginning of the 20th century After the change of way of life to an industrial one and the mass migration of Swedes to cities, the issue of recuperation and recreation in nature became relevant for the wider masses. They began to use it for recreation rural houses, chalets and cottages owned by families or their relatives in the villages. The launch of steamship lines across the Stockholm archipelago made it possible to build country houses along their shores, even in places where there were no roads yet. The industrialization of Sweden proceeded rather slowly, and the transformation rural farms and construction of dachas lasted until the 1940-50s. During this period, holiday homes ceased to be called huts or chalets and the term "holiday, vacation or holiday home" began to be used. IN modern Sweden Holidays occur mainly in the summer, which is why the term "summer house" is also used.

The rapid development of infrastructure and communications in modern Sweden (a country that spends up to 15% of GDP on the acquisition of advanced technologies and patents around the world) allows you to live with equal comfort both in the city and in the countryside. Therefore, more and more Swedish families are using country houses for permanent residence. (IN Tsarist Russia such domestic summer residents were called “Zimogory”). Good transport accessibility, possibility of remote work, low prices, pure nature and a calm atmosphere make this choice increasingly attractive. Swedish municipalities, following the requirements, create the appropriate infrastructure for electricity and water supply, recycling Wastewater, laying new transport routes, building schools and kindergartens, medical centers.

The external and internal appearance of Swedish (and indeed Scandinavian) houses is determined by traditional Protestant values, which were formulated in 1933 by the Danish writer Axel Sandemose in the novel En fl yktning krysser sitt spor (“The Fugitive Crosses His Trail”, not translated into Russian). These 10 rules are the so-called Jante Law:

Don't think you're special.
Don't think that you are our equal.
Don't think that you are smarter than us.
Don't imagine that you are better than us.
Don't think you know more than us.
Don't think that you are more important than us.
Don't think that you can do everything.
You shouldn't laugh at us.
Don't think that anyone cares about you.
Don't think you can lecture us.

In short, the life of a Protestant is defined by Christian humility. Not the declared ostentatious humility “only in church,” but the most real one, which determines the course of a person’s thoughts and dictates all his actions. Therefore, the houses of the richest people in Sweden differ only in size and level design solutions, but not by the presence in the decoration of gold, Carras marble, tall fences and brutal guards, as well as other attributes of “Asian feudal cool”, so well known here in Russia.


Regular shipping in the Stockholm archipelago has been established since the mid-1800s. Therefore, the first dachas - country houses began to appear along the banks of the skerries, even in those places where there were no roads yet. These days, most Swedes get to their coastal dachas on yachts or boats.		The summer villa of a large wealthy (aristocratic) family was used as a residence during the summer. This concept countryside holiday established in 1883. Such families went for the summer with a large number servants who were supposed to take care of everyday matters. Villas of that period were built with a large number of rooms to accommodate both families of servants. and visiting guests.

Grosshandlarvillan "Big" villa in Sweden represents a special type summer houses, originally built by wealthy people who could buy or rent land in the interior of the Stockholm archipelago. Description 1934 says that Grosshandlarvillan unites the rich appearance with low construction costs. Grosshandlarvillan villas were built mainly in the late 1800s and early 1900s.		After a deep and protracted recession in the 1920s and 30s, which led to the collapse of many Swedish companies and banks, construction large dachas was actually stopped. After World War II, simplified dacha-cottages replaced villas. The first cottages of this type began to be built back in 1929.

In 1938, through state-subsidized low interest rates on loans, any Swedish wage earner had the opportunity to build or purchase a summer house outside the city for a vacation closer to nature.		In 1940-50, when many small farms began to close due to population migration to cities, many farmers began to build small country houses with an area of 20-55 m². In the 1950s and 60s, country houses began to be equipped with all the amenities of a city apartment or house.

It is interesting that already in those years the Swedes used a selective home electrical circuit, where individual lines were protected by a separate electrical “plug” - a fuse. There are 9 “plugs” in this photo, but I have seen shields with 20 plugs.		Old Swedish country houses have been converted to include full bathrooms. Modest, clean and comfortable.

Certainly, modern bathrooms they look better in Swedish houses. However, brevity Scandinavian design present even in the most expensive villas.		Even if the house is not equipped with a septic tank, but uses a peat composting toilet, the design of such a bathroom can be modern and aesthetic.

For more modest summer huts, an outdoor toilet, which is usual for our eyes, is also installed.		But it is not used in such a toilet either. cesspool, as an attribute of the ancient Middle Ages, and the same technology of biological composting is used.

Some Swedish homes use environmentally friendly faeces-burning toilets based on a catalytic electric burner.		Such toilets are good to use in buildings near water bodies, for minimal pollution environment. By the way, in Sweden (as well as throughout Scandinavia) construction near water is not prohibited. In civilized countries it is well understood that the cleanliness of reservoirs is not determined by the distance from the building to the reservoir, but by the level of environmental awareness of citizens and the use modern methods wastewater treatment.

Such architectural solutions in the "Modern" style ("Modernism", "Jugend", "Tiffany", "Art Nouveau") end XIX beginning The 20th century was also typical for wealthy Finnish and Russian dachas.		However, if in Finland dacha buildings of that period were perfectly preserved, then in the Leningrad region they perished en masse during revolutions and wars, and continue to perish today from fires, redistribution of property and mismanagement.

Modern Swedish villas are distinguished by Scandinavian laconic style.		The overwhelming number of modern Scandinavian houses are based frame structure, as the most rational in construction and operation.

The embodiment of the triumph of a rational approach to psychology country house is an A-shaped krasny construction of a hut house.		Stone country houses in Sweden are mostly preserved old manor houses. The photo shows an example of an extension of a modern winter garden to an ancient stone building.

The trend of use as summer cottages original antique or stylized ancient buildings lived in Sweden without amenities until the 1960s and 70s. (For comparison, there are still lovers of authentic “wild” country holidays in Norway). Nowadays “antiquity” in Sweden can be found perhaps only in external design country houses, and even then infrequently, compared to Norway.		In Sweden there is also large quantity architectural experiments with modern options architectural styles.

Minimalism using natural wood texture is a very popular solution for the facades of modern country houses. Larch is most often used, including without any treatment or with treatment with colorless antiseptics, as a result of which the wood acquires the natural color of dead wood over several seasons.		A combination of dark metal and raw wooden surface allows you to fit the building modern forms into the natural environment.

Another architectural trend in modern Swedish houses is maximum glazing, allowing you to live in the house as an extension of the surrounding landscape.		Increasing the glazing area is also used in the reconstruction of Swedish houses of old traditional construction.

A variant of a chalet-style house with a loft (a sleeping attic with low ceilings, open to the second light space in the house). Most Swedish country houses are characterized by a large wooden deck that offers views of the surrounding beauty.		House renovation example: new frame floor erected on an old stone plinth.

In the mid-1970s in Sweden, large construction companies bought up agricultural land and built numerous small dachas in picturesque places.		Common water supply networks were laid to the houses, access roads were built, beaches were improved, and berths for yachts and boats were built.

Many Swedish dachas are located right next to the water.		On large country estates near the water, on the pier there is only a house for yacht or boat accessories.

Swedish dacha in the "torp" style - a cottage of a day laborer-tenant. Day labor was abolished by law in Sweden in 1943, but the style of these small traditional Swedish cottages has firmly taken root. Nowadays the term "torp" is sometimes used to refer to inexpensive country houses in Sweden.		A modern execution of a Swedish country house with a loft-attic.

Foundation

This section presents projects of Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which vary from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country they build using technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.

Features of Swedish houses

As in all Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden they are built mainly from wood. Natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, V furniture production. Some may be noted character traits Swedish buildings.

The houses are simple in shape with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer cuisine, the bathhouse is often connected to the main house through closed vestibules.
Log walls are left unfinished and covered with boards impregnated with special composition, or painted with permanent paints.
Windows of simple form with wooden platbands, usually white. There is no finishing (unlike our carvings) on them.

The Swedes build log houses from round logs; the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the top log rests tightly on the bottom without any visible gap. In the corners they are connected into a “hexagon”, so the log house looks more neat.

A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut from the outside, but is very different from it from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, heated floors, several autonomous systems heating is a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.

Finished projects with working drawings

We implement standard Swedish-style house designs created by our own architectural bureau. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account during the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:

description with specification building materials;
building masonry and marking plans;
diagrams and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual components;
explication of floors, window and door connectors.

At the request of the customer, he prepares an architectural passport necessary to obtain a construction permit. A professionally developed project saves the customer from technical errors and subsequent “alterations”, despite the fact that its price takes up an insignificant share in the total costs of building a house.

Frame technology or construction houses using Swedish technology has been used on the territory of our glorious country for several decades.

Surely you have already heard such concepts as prefabricated or Finnish houses. Nowadays, this type of house design is in great demand among future homeowners, having noble characteristics, heat resistance and special practicality. Almost 90% individual houses in Sweden they were built using frame construction technology, which is why this structure got its name - “Swedish house”. If you come to Sweden, you will see many similar houses made using this technology, differing only in color and design. This is a unique symbol not only of Sweden, but also of Scandinavia as a whole. There are also other names such as: Canadian or Finnish technology construction. What unites them all general idea, however, the approach to construction is quite different from each other.

An example of a house made in traditional style construction “in Swedish style”. The main difference may be either the color or the design of the house, but not the construction technology.

Swedish technology differs from others in that a special profile is used as elements of floors, rafters and frames, for the manufacture of which galvanized steel is used. Due to its special configuration, this profile has a thermal conductivity that is 20% lower than a wooden beam of the same size. Which keeps the heat inside the house and doesn’t let it out. To others the most important advantage is the use of a galvanized profile, which, unlike wooden beam It is moisture resistant, it does not deform, and during operation it does not harbor fungus, rodents, or various pathogenic bacteria.

The advantages of houses built using Swedish technology include the low cost of construction, the absence of the need for a heavy foundation, powerful construction equipment, efficiency, which is ensured by high energy-saving technologies. Construction companies countries have long mastered the construction of houses using this technology, so when you contact the company, they will offer you ready-made ones for your consideration. Swedish house projects who have managed to prove themselves with positive side during their operation. As a rule, all house designs are adapted to the harsh Russian climatic conditions, which is why their construction is now widely practiced in the Far North.

The villa, made using the described technology, is excellent only in its design. Creates a feeling of warmth and comfort, despite its Nordic roots.

The main advantage, of course, is the cost of building a house, which is built using Swedish technology. The majority of Russians who want to build an individual house using this technology will save enough money, while receiving high-quality construction for more than a dozen years. And the other main advantage is high performance, tested by the cold Scandinavian climate, which differs little from the Russian one, and its laconic appearance. The number of people wishing to acquire their own “Swedish” home is increasing year by year.