There is nothing better than a weekend or vacation spent on own dacha. Residents of large cities especially value this type of recreation, and therefore often visit their country estates even in the cold season. But the design of country houses is not intended for comfortable living when low temperatures air, so in this case high-quality insulation is necessary, the organization of which has its own characteristics.
Thermal insulation of these two types of residential buildings should occur according to different scheme. These differences are dictated by the fact that a private house It is heated all year round, while the internal temperature in the dacha drops significantly during the cold season.
The main task of insulating a house is to retain heat inside the room. This can be achieved most effectively by creating internal and external insulation. The dacha, in turn, is heated only when it is in use, and it is necessary to achieve a comfortable temperature in a short period of time. Such a sharp change in conditions is very harmful to the very structure of buildings and finishing materials.
Therefore, when deciding how to insulate country house, it would be preferable to choose only thermal insulation from the inside, which will reduce Negative influence from a sharp increase in temperature. At the same time, the heating time of the room will be reduced, since energy costs for insulating walls, floors and roofs will be reduced. An important advantage of this method of thermal insulation of a dacha is its low cost.
But exclusively insulating from the inside can lead to the development of fungus, which occurs due to a shift in the dew point (the boundary of condensation formation inside the wall, which can shift under certain conditions). Therefore, to avoid such consequences, you must adhere to the following recommendations:
- A layer of vapor barrier film is required between the insulation and the wall. On this aspect repair work It is highly undesirable to save money.
- Regardless of whether you use insulation in the form of slabs or rolls, the joints between the pieces of material should fit snugly against each other.
- There should also be no empty space between the wall and the insulation layer. Therefore, before starting work, it is advisable to treat the wall surface with an adhesive composition.
- Almost the only way to significantly reduce humidity in a dacha is a forced ventilation system. If you have the opportunity, be sure to equip your seasonal country house with it.
- The thickness of the insulation layer must clearly correlate with a number of parameters, the most important of which is the climatic conditions in the region. Information about specific calculation formulas can be found on the Internet.
- Before starting work, it is necessary to treat the inside of the walls with an antifungal compound.
If you follow all the tips given, then such internal thermal insulation will be quite effective and at the same time you will have to avoid problems with fungus.
Internal wall insulation
There are many ways to organize wall insulation from the inside, so we will consider only the most popular ones. For this type of work, mineral wool, glass wool and expanded polystyrene are most often used (presented on the Russian market under the name “penoplex”). The latter option is the most preferable, as it has high vapor barrier parameters. Let's consider the algorithm for the simplest thermal insulation using the example of penoplex panels:
- The quality of thermal insulation from this material largely depends on the base surface to which it will be attached. Therefore, before starting work, the wall must be thoroughly cleaned or even leveled to rough.
- After waiting for the putty to dry, you can apply a layer of waterproofing. But the good vapor permeability of penoplex allows you to get rid of this protective measure.
- Next, you can begin gluing the foam panels. For better contact the surface of the insulation must be perforated using sandpaper or a knife. The glue is applied to one side of the panel using a spatula, after which it is pressed against the wall, starting from the bottom corner. Mounting slots treated with sealant.
- Additionally, it is necessary to secure the heat insulating material using disc-type dowels.
After completing this stage of work, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier layer. It is best to use foil materials for this, which are attached to the sheathing. During installation, it is necessary to leave a little space between the insulation layer and the vapor barrier.
Installation of mineral wool or glass wool is not much different from the process described above. The differences are that due to the flexibility of these materials, they can only be attached to the sheathing, and it will also be impossible to do without basic waterproofing.
Insulation of a wooden floor in a country house
A significant portion can escape through the floor internal heat premises, especially if there is a basement. That's why effective thermal insulation the dacha will also require internal thermal insulation of this structural element.
- The most effective will be insulation with floor removal, which is carried out according to the following scheme:
- A plank beating is nailed to the floor joists, which will form a flat base surface. OSB boards will be the best alternative to regular wood.
- Then a layer of waterproofing material is laid, which can be used as ordinary polyethylene film.
- The next layer is formed from insulation. Best choice in this case there will be porous materials that provide good natural ventilation.
- The final stage is the installation of the second plank, which will serve as a subfloor. In this case, there should remain a distance of 5-10 mm between the edge of the knurl and the wall, which is necessary for natural ventilation. Later it can be covered with a plinth.
Choosing heat insulating materials For internal insulation floors, you need to choose those that can withstand large physical exercise. In particular, it can be polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and expanded clay.
Unlike walls, it is best to insulate the floor both from the outside and from the outside. inside, therefore, it is highly recommended to thermally insulate the external base of the dacha.
Internal roof insulation
A warm dacha is impossible without an insulated roof, since it is through this part of any building that the vast majority of internal energy. The technology is also a classic thermal insulation cake, which is installed using the following method:
- The initial stage is installation waterproofing materials. Slightly sagging waterproofing strips are placed perpendicular to the rafters. The resulting cracks are sealed with tape.
- Rolls or slabs of thermal insulation are laid end-to-end between the rafters. From the inside, they are additionally strengthened with ropes or thin wooden blocks. If the required thickness of thermal insulation requires laying insulation in two layers, then the outer layer must cover the knocks of the inner one.
- After this, a vapor barrier layer is created. Smooth surface it should be located towards the street. To attach the vapor barrier, it is enough to use tape or a stapler.
- At the final stage, the guide sheathing is installed, onto which the final decorative trim is mounted.
Foamed thermal insulation, the technology of which is radically different from that described above, is becoming increasingly popular. It uses polyurethane foam, which is sprayed under high pressure from high device. But it should be taken into account that this approach will require the installation of a forced ventilation system, since polyurethane foam does not allow steam to pass through at all.
Preface
Additional insulation of the house will help you save a lot of financial resources in winter period. However, the choice of material today is incredibly large, and therefore it is so important not to make a mistake when purchasing.
Required tools and materials
Mineral wool Expanded polystyrene (foam) Polyurethane foam SealantRecently, insulation has become a very pressing issue due to constantly rising energy prices.
But this issue is especially acute for owners country houses and dachas who spend a lot of money during heating season. Practical insulation lies in choosing high-quality and reliable material. In addition, it is advisable to make all the necessary calculations in advance so as not to make mistakes when purchasing material. Take into account the thickness of the material.
Among the most inexpensive are polystyrene foam boards and mineral wool. But no matter what insulation you choose, it is worth keeping in mind that:
- some of the heat loss passes through doors and window designs– about 15%;
- approximately 7% of the heat escapes through the ceiling and floor;
- the ventilation system is capable of removing more than 20% of the heat.
In many ways, the choice of insulation will depend on the climatic characteristics of your region. Naturally, when choosing, you should take into account your financial capabilities and the result you want to get.
What to use:
- For example, mineral wool can be used if the temperature outside the window in winter does not fall below - 35 °C. Most quality material It is made using rocks, such as dolomite, which indicates durability and a high level of fire resistance.
- You can also use polystyrene foam. It is distinguished by its light weight, ease of use, high level soundproofing.
- More are used cheap material- penoizol, which is supplied in liquid form. With its help, it is easy to fill cracks and spaces inside the house, and penoizol will last you quite a long time, the main thing is to follow the rules of its use.
- Recently, ecowool, which is both inexpensive and reliable, has become increasingly popular. It is also distinguished by its environmental friendliness, which is why the material got its name. True, installation difficulties arise - you will need a special one, without which you are unlikely to do everything correctly. And this can lead to the formation of suspended dust in the room, which can lead to severe allergic reactions.
As we have already said, in order to protect your home 90% from heat loss, you will have to carry out work to insulate the floor, ceiling, walls and windows. The work, of course, is not the easiest, but the result will pleasantly surprise you. Firstly, the house will become much warmer, and secondly, you will not have to spend incredible amounts on heating.
Features of choice:
- We insulate the roof. A roof, if not installed correctly, can absorb a large amount of heat, and therefore it is very important to protect your home from this nuisance. When choosing a material, pay attention to the service life, which will depend on the amount of precipitation, temperature fluctuations, and wind strength. Naturally, it is also important that the material does not allow moisture to pass through and is safe for human health. Be careful not to use polymer insulation, which quickly catch fire.
- The most important stage is the insulation of the walls, since they occupy the largest part of any building, and therefore have the highest level of heat transfer. If we are dealing with wooden walls, then, first of all, they need to be cleaned of dirt and treated with special water-repellent and antifungal solutions. After this, all gaps must be caulked with dry tow. Many experts advise using jute fabric, which is pleasing both in price and ease of installation.
- After you have worked with the walls, you can move on to window openings, which also lead to heat loss. Owners of houses with old frames especially notice this. The procedure is as follows: clean the frames, replace broken glass, seal the gaps between the frame and the wall with sealant or polyurethane foam. The final stage is the use of sealing tape, which can seal gaps up to 0.7 cm.
Design country house usually intended for stay in it during the warm season. The main task is protection from precipitation, wind and dust.
During the cold season, it becomes impossible to live in a country house; it is not able to sufficiently provide comfortable temperature. You have to constantly heat the stove or boiler, keep electric heaters on, which creates increased consumption of energy, fuel and, accordingly, money.
Let's look at how to insulate a country house for winter accommodation and solve the problem yourself.
Why insulate?
Insulation of a country house for year-round residence automatically turns it into full-fledged housing. Fashion for country houses appeared quite a long time ago, and insulating a dacha makes it possible to acquire such a home relatively inexpensively and easily. Possibility of year-round living outside the city limits, on fresh air, is attractive to most owners of country houses.
In addition to economic considerations, insulating a country house with your own hands has another, more important reason. When people live permanently, the house develops its own atmosphere, saturated with water vapor. They appear due to cooking, using the bathroom, toilet. But the main amount of steam appears due to people's breathing. The steam that comes out of your mouth in the cold is also released when you breathe in warm rooms, it’s just not visible. In the internal atmosphere of a house, steam is under a certain pressure, which is called partial pressure. Normally, this moisture is gradually pressed through the walls and removed outside, evaporating from the outer surface of the walls.
If the design of the house is not designed for living in winter time, wall surfaces are not able to retain heat. They are constantly cold, which causes steam to condense on them. The walls get wet, soaked in water, with outside freeze and begin to collapse. Metal elements begin to rust and fail.
Insulating the dacha for winter living, which consists of, and (if required), will help to avoid this.
Materials for thermal insulation
To insulate the outside of a country house with your own hands, you can use various materials:
- hard(slab). These include polystyrene foam, penoplex, basalt mineral wool, etc.
- roll. In most cases this different kinds mineral wool, of which there are several dozen
- sprayed. Polyurethane foam, ecowool
- bulk. Expanded clay, vermiculite, sawdust, polystyrene foam granules, etc.
The main indicator characterizing a heat insulator is vapor permeability. Exist:
- permeable materials- mineral wool, all loose types, ecowool, etc.
- impenetrable species- polystyrene foam, penoplex, polyurethane foam, penofol and other synthetic types of insulators
In addition, important indicators for heat insulators are:
- thermal permeability. The lower it is, the better material capable of retaining thermal energy
- ability to burn. Most heat insulators either do not burn at all or are subject to appropriate procedures during manufacture. At the same time, the possibility of combustion may remain. For example, polystyrene does not support combustion, since its granules are filled carbon dioxide. At the same time, a puddle of molten polystyrene burns quite well
- ability to hold shape and not change its linear dimensions over time. If the insulator changes size or shape after several years of operation, so-called problems occur. cold bridges that contribute to wet walls and corrosion of metal parts
- high temperature resistance
- moisture resistance, hygroscopicity. In this regard, mineral wool, which requires the installation of protective films, lags noticeably behind.
- biologically neutral. The insulator must not rot, support the growth of mold or mildew, or support insects or rodents.
The most common are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. This is due to high performance, relatively low cost and availability. Recently, materials made from polyethylene foam have been actively developed, which are absolutely resistant to moisture and biological manifestations.
The choice is usually determined by price and the user’s general ideas about a particular material, its qualities and properties. For those who want to insulate their country house for winter living price matters a lot, which often predetermines the choice of material to the detriment of the quality of work. When deciding how and with what material to insulate a country house, you need to take into account the specifics of the operation of a particular insulator and have an idea of the physical processes occurring in the structures of the house.
How best to insulate
There are two ways:
External insulation is considered the most effective and preferable option. It consists of installing a heat insulator on the outside of the walls and has many advantages:
- kept intact inner surface walls, which allows you to finish it in any way, install hanging furniture or household appliances
- all are saved conditions for unhindered release of water vapor, durability and safety are ensured wall materials and designs
- walls included thermal circuit buildings, which contributes to more efficient operation
To the disadvantages external insulation include:
- work cannot be done in cold weather, in the rain or at night
- not all types of insulation are suitable for outdoor installation
Insulation from the inside involves installing heat insulators on the inside. The room becomes as if enclosed in a cocoon of insulating material installed on all external walls. The disadvantages of this method are:
- becomes more complicated or even worse steam output through the walls stops
- the surface of the walls is covered with insulation, which requires installation of protective casing or another layer
- installation on walls hanging items are excluded
- the volume of rooms is reduced
- external walls are excluded from the thermal circuit, remaining only mechanical barriers
The advantages include:
- opportunity carry out work at any time or in any weather
- there is free access to any surfaces
The main difference between these methods is the steam output mode. With external insulation, it passes through the wall, enters the insulation, from where it is removed outside. It is necessary to use a vapor-permeable insulator, most a good option which is mineral wool. With internal insulation, steam escape becomes almost impossible. If an impermeable insulator is used, cutoff occurs. If mineral wool is installed, then the steam passing through it ends up in front of the wall. Its permeability is lower than that of the insulator, so steam accumulates in the thickness of the insulation, the material becomes wet and loses its working qualities.
Vapor permeability rule
There is a rule according to which the vapor permeability of materials should increase in the direction from inside to outside. According to him, installing an impermeable insulator on the outside will “lock” the vapors inside the wall, causing it to become wet and begin to deteriorate.
At the same time, installing permeable material on the inside will create conditions for vapor absorption by the insulator, but will prevent passage through the wall. Guided by this rule, you can avoid common mistakes when choosing and installing heat insulators.
When choosing an installation method, The outdoor option should definitely be preferred. However, sometimes you have to choose internal insulation if there is no possibility or access to the surface of the walls. For example, the architecture of the house cannot be disturbed, or the walls are located too close to the neighboring building, etc. Choosing internal insulation, you should immediately take care of creating quality ventilation system . Conclusion internal air will remove steam, which will eliminate the problem of excessive air humidity.
Insulation technology
Installation Methods different materials have their own characteristics, but the general procedure remains unchanged. In addition to vapor permeability, it is necessary to take into account the material of the walls and ceilings in order to select the most suitable thermal insulator. In addition, insulating the walls of a country house will not completely solve the problem.
It will also be required insulate the floor in the country house from below or from above, as well as insulation of the ceiling and, if necessary, the roof. Typically, an insulator is installed on the roof in order to make the attic a full-fledged living space.
All work is carried out after appropriate preparation, which consists of removing from surfaces hanging elements, brackets and other extraneous parts. Contaminants are cleaned, crumbling or peeling areas are completely removed. The old coating or layer of paint is removed, if possible.
Gaps or cracks are sealed with putty or solid plaster. After this, the surface is covered with a double layer of primer. deep penetration, after which you can proceed to the direct installation of insulation.
Insulation of floors on the ground
Do-it-yourself floor insulation in a country house is done in accordance with the material or design of the floor slab. Country houses are usually built with floors laid on low altitude above ground level or, as they say, on the ground. The proximity to the soil creates high humidity at the lower level of the house; the floor surface is constantly cold, which contributes to moisture condensation.
When insulating the floor in a dacha with your own hands on the ground, you must sequentially perform the following steps:
- remove boardwalk and joists
- level the base soil, compact it
- pour a layer of sand about 20 cm (thickness depends on the level of the floor, existing or desired)
- pour a layer of crushed stone, compact it well, add 305 cm of sand and also compact it tightly
- lay geotextiles and a layer of vapor barrier film on top of it
- lay a layer of insulation. Optimally - extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), but also a good option is insulating the floor at the dacha with expanded clay. It is poured in a layer of 20 cm
- pour a layer of screed 5 cm thick or more, depending on the desired floor level
After drying, the screeds are laid either flooring, or install a warm floor.
Ceiling above the basement and attic
Insulation of the floor in a country house located above an unheated basement is best done from below, from the subfloor side.
A layer is installed on the surface of the prepared floor slab vapor-permeable insulation(mineral wool). Because the the insulator will need to be protected from moisture, first you will need to install lathing with a thickness of bars no less than the thickness of the heat insulator. The sheathing pitch (the distance between adjacent planks) corresponds to the width of the insulation.
The gaps are tightly filled with insulator, all cracks are filled with polyurethane foam. Then a layer of steam is installed waterproofing membrane with exit down (to the basement), after which you can begin installing the sheathing.
It is optimal to insulate the ceiling of a country house from the outside, from the attic.
The optimal way is to install a high sheathing and fill the resulting cells with expanded clay, laying plank flooring that allows free movement around the attic. It's inexpensive and fast. Alternatively, you can lay a layer of mineral wool.
The use of polystyrene foam or penoplex is allowed only if the attic is residential and heated. Otherwise, the ceiling will get wet and rot.
Wall insulation
There are two ways to insulate the walls at your dacha yourself - from the inside or the outside. We have already examined the advantages and disadvantages of these methods; now we will determine the procedure.
Preparation
Work on insulating the facade of a dacha from the outside begins with preparation - cleaning the walls of all foreign elements, removing cladding or old coating, crumbling or peeling areas. Detected cracks or potholes must be puttied or plastered; the surface is primed with a double layer of primer (deep penetration primer).
Lathing
After this, you need to install the sheathing. First, the outermost vertical strips are installed, aligned vertically and by distance from the wall surface. Then control cords are stretched between them, along which the remaining strips are installed in increments equal to the size of the insulation.
Installation of insulation
Slabs or cut pieces of insulation (mineral wool) are inserted between the sheathing strips. Installed on top of the insulator layer of vapor-waterproofing membrane with moisture escaping (you must carefully monitor which side the film is unfolded).
Then horizontal strips for lining or are installed.
Internal option
Insulating a country house from the inside with your own hands is somewhat easier. On the prepared surface external wall heat insulation boards (foam plastic or penoplex) are glued. As adhesive composition you can use the mixture for styling ceramic tiles. The insulator is glued and additionally fixed with special dowels with a wide plastic washer.
After installing the insulation, a reinforcing mesh is attached to its surface with brackets and a layer of plaster is applied.
Mansard roof
If you need to create a full-fledged living space from the attic, you need to insulate the roof. The only one affordable option- . To do this, you need to install a heat insulator on the lathing layer that supports the roof covering.
A sheathing is installed, between the slats of which heat insulation mats are inserted. It is recommended to use impermeable types of material. All cracks are filled with polyurethane foam. After installing the insulator, sheathing made of clapboard, OSB, chipboard or plywood is installed on the ribs of the sheathing. The choice depends on the type interior decoration attics, because sheet materials allow you to perform more options finishing than lining.
Installation prices
Country houses are often a “cold” box made of wooden beams or bricks, lined with clapboard inside, and therefore not intended for winter trips to your favorite hacienda. The website "RIA Real Estate" found out from specialists from construction companies how to simply and economically insulate a summer country house so that you can go there in cold weather without the risk of catching a cold.
Heat loss assessment
Summer residents, previously accustomed to vacationing outside the city only from May to September, often begin to think about visiting their favorite open spaces during the colder seasons. The idea is good, but for this you need to eliminate heat leaks, says Oleg Tsymbalov, an expert at the repair and finishing company MoskoVID, noting that the first thing you need to do is understand where to look for the problem.
So, according to him, windows and doors account for about 25% of heat loss, 10-15% of heat escapes through the ceiling, at least 15% escapes along the floor, and from 35 to 50% is lost through the walls.
The expert advises to calculate the places through which heat can escape, for example, using a thermal imager - a device for monitoring the temperature distribution of the surface under study. Such a device is not cheap, ranging from 25 thousand rubles and above, so it is more profitable to call a specialist whose services at metropolitan prices will be about 8.5 thousand rubles per object, the TOokon company clarified.
In order to save money, you can insulate not the whole house, but one or two rooms, depending on the building area and the composition of the family, notes the director construction company"K.B." Maxim Nekhoroshev. You just need to clearly understand which rooms will be actively used during winter visits to the dacha, and which ones can be “mothballed” until spring.
Selection of materials
Experts named a number of basic materials for proper and thorough insulation, which are now used in 90% of cases.
These include basalt insulation— vapor-permeable material based on basalt rocks, as well as expanded polystyrene, says CEO construction company "Dachny Sezon" Timur Dasaev.
Nekhoroshev notes that in order to save money, you can simultaneously use mineral and organic insulation, laying them like a layer cake. Moreover, the layer the best insulation It is recommended to lay it on the side of the cold source, explains the expert. That is, if the walls are insulated, then the insulation is laid on the outer “street” side.
When installing materials, you need to know several nuances, for example, mineral insulation should be protected with a vapor barrier on both sides to prevent them from becoming damp, Tsymbalov points out. Rolled vapor barriers (films) are suitable for these purposes. In addition, when installing slab insulation All cracks must be treated with polyurethane foam.
By the way, in different parts of Russia there is still a lot of “footprint” insulation known. “To insulate the outside of the house, you can prepare all the materials yourself. Sawdust, reeds, moss, straw, hay, small wood shavings and peat chips are perfect,” says Nekhoroshev.
The expert points out that large material must first be crushed, for example, chopped with an ax, and then pressed into blocks for ease of use.
But it’s suitable for internal insulation polyethylene film and old newspapers. “Place a film between sheets of newspaper and iron it with an iron. Paste the resulting thermal insulation material on the walls under the wallpaper,” the expert instructs.
Warm facade
Tsymbalov offers two ways to insulate the facade. In the first case, the insulation is attached with glue to the facade, and two layers of plaster are applied on top, laid reinforced mesh made of fiberglass (can also be used metal mesh, but with small cells). The top plaster is primed, puttied and painted. This method is called "wet facade".
The second method is called “insulation under siding” - thermal insulation is attached using a frame and guides, then sheathed vinyl siding or PVC panels.
“Remember that before use, any material must be completely dry, otherwise it will lose its thermal insulation properties, and organic insulation will also rot with all the ensuing inconveniences and troubles,” summarizes Nekhoroshev.
Insulation of windows and doors
Of course, the main places where heat “escapes” from the house are windows and doors. Tsymbalov talks about several ways to insulate windows. Firstly, you can install plastic windows with double-glazed windows or make shutters on old windows that will protect from the wind and reduce heat loss.
Secondly, you can resort to the old old-fashioned methods. “We plug all the cracks in the frames with sealant or frame putty, using cotton wool. Then we seal it all on top with paper strips,” explains the expert.
Special attention need to be given to external and interior doors, especially those that lead to cold utility rooms or hallway. “Our main task is to eliminate the gaps that sooner or later form between the door and the frame,” Tsymbalov clarifies. If it is not possible to change the doors, you can also eliminate all the cracks in doorway sealants or self-adhesive tapes made of rubber or foam rubber.
“Blocking” the roof and foundation
If the house is built on strip foundation, then in the base there are usually vents - holes for ventilation of the underground. For the winter, they should definitely be covered with a piece of insulation or an unnecessary rag, says Tsimbalov.
“Roof insulation makes sense if the second floor or attic is residential,” the agency’s interlocutor emphasizes. If it’s just an attic, then you should focus on insulating the ceiling, namely the floors, he adds.
As a cheap material, you can use sawdust mixed with earth, expanded clay or moss. By the way, moss is resistant to rotting, absorbs steam and dries instantly. In addition, it does not cake and does not lose its thermal insulation properties over time,” notes Tsimbalov. He also emphasizes that buildings independently insulated with moss are always dry and there is no musty smell.
All insulation materials should be laid on the attic side on a layer of vapor barrier so that they do not absorb moisture from below warm air. Sometimes you can come across recommendations to cover the ceiling from the inside with penofol (reflecting foil heat insulator), but this is not the best option for living space, he warns.
When using a country house not only in summer season, but even in cold weather there is a need to insulate it.
To solve this problem, you need to answer two main questions: where does the heat leak occur and how to efficiently
Causes of heat loss
It is not difficult to determine the cause of heat loss. It usually escapes through poorly insulated walls, roofs, floors, windows and various cracks.
Experts suggest insulating the dacha not only from the outside, but also from the inside.
Material selection
For thermal insulation materials there are a number of requirements.
The insulation must have low thermal conductivity, good hygroscopicity, fire safety and environmental cleanliness.
It is necessary that the material reliably prevents heat exchange between the external and internal parts walls, well protected the structure from the inside. 
Today it is widely used as insulation mineral wool based on basalt or fiberglass. If the ventilation of the house is properly equipped, moisture will not be a problem for this material.
New products are constantly appearing on the construction products market. high-quality insulation do-it-yourself dachas. For example:
- insulation made of flax fiber - the material is produced in slabs, is easy to cut, does not change shape, is environmentally friendly, has good antiseptic properties;
- ecowool is a sprayed loose heat insulator consisting of recycled cellulose with the addition of antiseptics and fire retardants;
- soft fiberboard (fibreboard) – environmentally friendly pure material, they can immediately strengthen walls.
How and with what to insulate is a matter of taste and good choice. The main thing is that the country house is reliably protected from the winter cold.
Roof
If installed incorrectly, a roof can “steal” more than 10% of the heat spent on heating the house.
When choosing thermal insulation for a roof, pay attention to its service life, which depends on many external factors: temperature fluctuations, amount of precipitation (especially snow), wind strength and direction. Pay special attention to the water resistance of the material. Isolation must also be safe for health. The first sign of safe insulation is the absence of a sharp, pungent odor.
Roof insulation polymer materials- Not The best decision. They ignite very easily and quickly, so you will have to take increased measures fire safety.
for the roof can be considered stone wool, which is intended for thermal protection of structures that do not bear heavy loads.
Walls
This is the main stage of work, since they occupy the main area of any building and have the highest heat transfer.
Surface preparation
Before insulation wooden walls Be sure to clean the entire surface of dirt. Carefully treat the inside of the walls with special solutions and aerosols that will protect the wood from insects. Then caulk all the gaps using dry tow and a thin chisel.
Insulation
Jute fabric is very suitable as a heat insulator for walls. It is quickly and easily laid with a construction stapler, does not rot, is not blown away by the wind and is not of interest to moths. Tow and jute fiber have low thermal conductivity due to their capillary structure and easily release moisture. In addition, as bactericidal materials, they successfully resist the spread of fungus.
It is not recommended to use improvised materials to insulate the walls of a country house: felt, batting, wool. They accumulate moisture abundantly. As a result, the process of rotting quickly begins, and moths are sure to appear in the wool.
Window
After insulating the walls, we move on to the windows. They also lead to significant heat loss, so close attention should be paid to windows, especially if the design is outdated.
Cleaning and waterproofing
The frames of the house should be thoroughly cleaned of dust, cracked glass should be replaced, and the gaps between the walls and frames should be sealed.
For high-quality insulation you will need silicone sealant in a special pistol. It reliably protects joints from the inside from fungi and mold. 
Suitable polyurethane foam. However, it quickly deteriorates from the sun and is not entirely aesthetically pleasing. If you choose foam, you will have to take measures to protect it from ultraviolet rays.
D-profile tape
Then you need to glue the sealing tape. D-profile tape is best suited. It effectively closes gaps up to 7 mm. For a more secure fixation, you can secure the tape with nails or staples. 
Film on glass and insulation of slopes
To make the most of it, cover them with heat-saving film. This material is applied directly to the glass. When laying the film there should be no folds, swelling or bubbles. Carefully done work will help save more than 30% of heat.
Don't forget about insulating the slopes. For this, you can use various materials, for example, polyethylene foam or mineral wool. The insulation is fixed to the slopes using glue.
Floor
There are many modern materials for floor insulation. The main thing is that the inside of the country house is as dry as possible.
Styrofoam
Expanded polystyrene does not absorb moisture, is durable, strong, good antiseptic. It is convenient to work with such material because it does not change the original volume.
Minvata
Mineral wool is sold in various options: rolls, slabs, mats. Low density, environmental friendliness, wear resistance, relatively low price- its main advantages.
Penofol
The new material penofol has already proven its effectiveness the best side and gained popularity. It is sold in rolls consisting of a layer of foil and insulation. Most often, the base is foamed polyethylene.
Requirements for insulation
When choosing a material for insulating the floor of a dacha with your own hands, do not look for the most cheap options and be sure to remember that the insulation must be:
- environmentally friendly, safe for health;
- excellent heat insulator;
- durable.
Floor insulation methods
There are several ways to insulate the floor of a country house.
Double floor
The bottom layer of rough boards is carefully attached directly to the beams. A “finish” coating is laid on the “rough” structure. 
Wooden logs are installed on the foundation in increments of 0.5–1 m or cut into the frame. Next, the “rough” floor is laid. The free space is filled with thermal insulation. Quite a simple and effective way. 
You can insulate the floor using joists installed on brick columns. Any insulation: mineral wool, fiberglass, polystyrene foam or other suitable material. The distance between the finished floor and the ground increases. The work does not require builder experience and can be easily done with your own hands. With this option, the insulating material does not experience stress, which makes the method of insulating a wooden floor along joists ideal.
