Russian language lesson. “Determining the gender of adjectives

I. Motivation for learning activities

So, friends, attention -

After all, the bell rang.

Sit down more comfortably -

Let's start the lesson soon.

II. Updating knowledge.

1. Record the number and class work in a notebook.

2. A minute of penmanship: She came, smiled, and the snowstorms subsided. The drop's bell began to ring. The river has awakened, the ice has melted, and the gardens have put on a snow-white outfit.

Guys, what time of year is the poem talking about (Slide 1) - What time of year is it now? - Tell me, what signs of the arrival of spring do you know?

What is the first sound in the word “spring”?

Describe this sound. (Consonant, voiced, soft, paired, denoted by the letter “ve”).

Today in penmanship we will write the letter “v”. Write it down, continuing the pattern.

Vv in vvv in vvvv...

Write down the words and underline the spellings.

spring flower grass spring tree

3. Repetition of what has been covered

Make up sentences on the topic “Spring” using one of the words.

There is a proposal on the board bugs need to be corrected: Napratalinka ate the first blue flower.(Slide 2)

One student parses sentences by members, the second by parts of speech, and the third determines the case of nouns. (Evaluation)

III. Fixation of individual difficulties. Building a project for getting out of a problem.

Let's return to the words from penmanship.

Which one is “extra”? (Spring).

What do the remaining words have in common? (nouns)

Why do you think so?.

Determine the gender of nouns. What will help you with this? (Nouns that can be replaced by pronouns he is masculine, she is feminine, it is neuter).

What did you get? (Masculine noun – flower, feminine nouns – spring, grass, neuter noun – tree).

Now let's look at the "extra word".

Can we determine the gender of this word by substituting the pronouns he, she, it? (No we can not).

Why? (Another part of speech?)

What part of speech? (Adjective).

How did you determine?

Can adjectives change according to gender? Today we will try to answer this question.

- Let's formulate the topic of our lesson. (Slide 3)

IV. Implementation of the constructed project. Discovery of new knowledge.

1. Working with cards.

In the name itself - the adjective - already contains a hint that the word should be “attached” to something, join.

Look at the words you wrote in your notebook at the beginning of the lesson.

Think about what noun the word spring will be combined with? (Flower).

Make up this phrase. (Spring Flower).

Try to match the words grass and tree with forms from the word spring.

What happened?

Therefore, the adjective (attached) depends on the noun. If the noun flower is masculine, then the adjective spring will also be masculine. Let's continue to form phrases noun + adj. and sort them by gender (Evaluation) (Slide4)

Cards: ringing drops, bright sun, whitesnowdrop, spring Flower, spring grass, spring tree, blue stream, dark thawed patch, blue sky.

Physical education minute

2.Work in a notebook

Write down the resulting phrases by gender, highlight the endings of the adjectives. Check the endings with the table. (Section 5)

Try to determine the gender of the adjectives on the board. Draw a conclusion. (Adjectives plural) (Slide 6)

V. Reinforcing the material learned 1. Introduction to the rule in the textbook on page 72.

2. Drawing up an algorithm.(Slide 7)3. Independent work. Ex. 126 Mutual verification based on the sample. (Evaluation) 4. Multi-level test- I offer you a short test on the topic “Gender of adjectives.” There are two tests in front of you. Test 1 is difficult, Test 2 is simple. The result will be assessed according to the selected test: if everything is correct, Test 1 – “5”, Test 2 – “4”. (Slide 8)(Evaluation) 5. Working with text on a card. (If there is time left)- Title the text, write down the title. - Insert the missing words, determine the gender and number of adjectives. (Slide 9)(Evaluation)

VI. Reflection

Our lesson is coming to an end. - Did you like the lesson? What new did you learn?

Why are adjectives called that way? (They are attached to nouns). - How do adjectives change? - How to determine the gender of an adjective? - Is it always possible to determine the gender of an adjective?

Let's evaluate your work.

VII. Homework.

Learn the rule on page 72, do exercise 128.

State budgetary professional educational institution

"Kurgan teacher training college»

Lesson summary

In Russian

Student: Khudyakova A.V.

Group: 51

Teacher: Shuvainikova V.V. _________

Class: 3"B"

Grade: _____________

Kurgan 2015

3rd grade, educational complex “School of Russia”

Subject: “Number and gender of adjectives”

Target: Organize the activities of students to consolidate the skills of determining the number and gender of adjectives

Lesson type: Lesson of generalization and systematization

View: lesson - solving key problems.

Tasks:

Educational: help students learn the ability to change adjectives by gender and number;

Educational:

create conditions for the development of voluntary visual memory, visual analysis, and mental operations.

Educators:

contribute to the formation of the ability to listen to the answers of comrades; fostering accuracy when writing in notebooks

Result joint activities:

Regulatory UUD:

1. Organize your workplace under the guidance of a teacher.

2. Evaluate learning activities in accordance with the task.

Communicative UUD

1. We develop the ability to listen and understand others.

2. Construct a speech utterance in accordance with the assigned tasks.

3. Express your thoughts orally.

Cognitive UUD

1. Reply to simple questions teachers, find the necessary information

Personal UUD

1. We develop the ability to express our attitude towards the heroes,

express your emotions.

2. Evaluate actions in accordance with a specific situation.

3. We form motivation for learning and purposeful cognitive activity.

Equipment: Kanakina V.P., Goretsky. Russian language. Textbook. 3rd grade, cards, chalkboard, multimedia projector

Board design

Illustrations

Number

Subject

Illustrations

Lesson stage

Teacher activities

Student activities

The result of joint activities

Organizing time

Hello guys.

We're leaving again

In to the world native language,

We are ready to solve

His secrets to the end.

Getting ready for work

R-1

Actualization of subjective experience

1) - Listen carefully and determine with what part of speech we will work on in today's lesson.

I'm looking for an unusual, resonant word,

Special, strong, the best,

Short, long, red, blue

Discreet, bright, very beautiful,

It is diminutive or affectionate,

It is also called (adjective).

What is an adjective? (– Independent part speech, which denotes the characteristics of objects and answers the questions: Which one? Which? Which? Which?)

What else do you know about the adjective?

2) Calligraphy.

Write down the number and class work, please check your notes with the note on the board, mark the spellings.

Make a chain of letters for a minute of penmanship from the endings of adjectives in the following order.

m.r. and. R. Wed R.

Writing on the board. Oh oh oh oh oh oh oh

Write this chain to the end of the line.

(adjective).

-(Adjectives change according to gender and number. In a sentence they are associated with nouns.)

A minute of penmanship.

L-2

L-1

R-2

K-1

K-2

K-3

3. learning new knowledge and ways of doing things

Words on the board. Read it. (4 students work using cards)

On the board: sparrow

Varona

saroka

guys

What can you say about them?

What else do these words have in common?

Checking (children correct mistakes on the board).

To the right, add two adjectives that match the meaning, determine the gender of the adjectives, and highlight their endings.

Examination.

Which adjectives could you not determine the gender of? Why?

Formulate the topic of the lesson. Try setting lesson goals.

1 ) Observation of words with opposite meanings.

Lazy - hardworking

Full - hungry

Low - high

Clean - dirty.

What can you say about these words?

When are antonyms used in speech?

2) Physical education minute

Finger gymnastics

Our delicate flowers

The petals are blooming.

The breeze breathes a little,

The petals are swaying.

Here's ours pink flower

Turning to the east,

Quietly falls asleep, shakes his head

(Smooth opening of the fingers from the starting position - fists: waving them in front of you and slowly lowering them onto the desk)

3) Work in pairs

Exercise 141 p.81

Additional task, for those who work quickly.

Compose and write down 1 sentence with the antonyms written on the board.

4.) Check.

Attention is drawn not only to the inserted words, but also to the spelling of the endings of adjectives: longs, small and I, narrow and I, late yaya, sad oh .

What ending and why?

(These are nouns, animate, dictionary words) (They consist of 3 syllables)

Write the words in a column, correcting mistakes.

Children read the written adjectives, determine the gender, name the endings.)

(These words are adjectives, they are opposite in meaning, they are called antonyms.)

(When objects are compared on any basis)

R-2

K-1

K-2

K-3

P-1

K-1

P-1

R-2

K-2

K-1

R-2

K-2

K-1

4. consolidation of what has been learned

Why are adjectives needed in speech?

This is what the boy wrote about one animal. What mistakes did he make? What rule does he not know?

A small animal was hiding under a bush. He has long ears and a short tail. The body is covered with gray fur. It has sharp teeth, but it cannot defend itself with them.

2.Work in pairs. Creative work

I wrote a riddle for each pair on pieces of paper. You must guess it and prepare an oral description of your animal.

1 group 2 group

Not a lamb or a cat, he looks like a shepherd.

Wears a fur coat all year round. Whatever the tooth is sharp knife!

A gray fur coat is for summer, He runs, grinning his mouth,

A fur coat for winter is a different color. Ready to attack a sheep.

3 group 4 group

Cunning cheat, red head. It’s not a bird on a branch, it’s a small animal.

The fluffy tail is a beauty. The fur is warm, like a hot water bottle.

Who is this? Who is this?

3.Check.

(To accurately convey the description of objects and phenomena, to make our speech brighter and more emotional)

P-1

R-2

K-2

K-1

R-2

K-2

K-1

K-3

5. Stage of summarizing the lesson

Review your work using expressions on the classroom walls.

I learned ….

I realized that...

It was difficult ….

It was interesting…

K-1

K-2

6. Stage of student information about homework

Exercise 142 p.81

L-3

7. Reflection stage

How were you in class today? Say it using adjectives.

Student answers

An adjective denotes a characteristic of an object. This part of speech is dependent and answers the questions: what? which? which? which? An adjective has a connection with a noun in a sentence, and the combination of adjective and noun itself, due to the variety of forms and combinations, provides extraordinary richness and beauty to the Russian language. At school, students are often required to determine the case of an adjective. In order to correctly determine the case and not confuse adjectives of different cases, it is important to follow the algorithm and remember some nuances.

Determine the cases of adjectives. A few recommendations. Features of adjectives of different cases
Before we begin to consider the issue of declension of adjectives, it is important to note the peculiarities of changing this part of speech. Case declension depends directly on the gender and number of the adjective. Remember the principle of changing words of a given part of speech according to numbers and genders, then you will be able to easily navigate the endings of cases.

Adjectives are declined according to gender only in singular.
- Masculine gender: endings -ой, -й, -й. For example: a friend (what kind?) is big, kind, sensitive.
- Feminine: endings -aya, -aya. Jacket (what?) red, blue.
- Neuter gender: endings -oe, -ee. The mirror (what?) is round, blue.
The gender of an adjective can be determined by the noun to which it refers in the text.
Adjectives are declined according to number.
- In the singular, they denote a characteristic of one object, a collection of objects. For example: a good option, big table, friendly class, cheerful youth.
- Adjectives ending in plural, denote many objects. They answer in nominative case to the question which ones? and have endings -ы, -и.

You can determine the number of an adjective by the noun to which the adjective refers.

Let's look at the features of declension of adjectives by case. Knowledge of the principles of declension of this part of speech will help you determine the case of an adjective.

Feminine singular adjectives are declined as follows:

Nominative case. The endings are -aya, -aya. The fishing rod (what?) is long.
Genitive. The endings are -oh, -ey. Fishing rods (what?) long.
Dative. Endings – oh, her. A fishing rod (what?) long.
Accusative. The endings are -yu, -yu. A fishing rod (what kind?) is long.
Instrumental case. The endings are -oh, -ey. A fishing rod (what?) long.
Prepositional. The endings are -oh, -ey. About a (what?) long fishing rod.

Remember the declension order of this group of adjectives. Please note that the endings of adjectives in the genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional cases match up. In such cases, you will need to determine the case of the noun.

Neuter and masculine adjectives in the singular are declined according to the following scheme:

Case	Masculine Ending	Example		Neuter gender Ending	Example
nominative	-oh, -y, -y	The table is (what?) large, wood		-oh, -her	Sky (what?) blue, dark blue
genitive	-wow, -him	Table (what?) large, wooden		-wow, -him	Sky (what?) blue, blue
dative	-oh, -him	A (what?) large table, wooden		-oh, -him	Sky (which one?) blue, blue
accusative		Animating noun - see genus. pudge	Inanimate- see them case	See them. case	Sky (what?) blue, dark blue
instrumental	-ym, -im	A (what?) large table, wooden		-ym, -im	Sky (what?) blue, blue
prepositional	-om, -eat	About the (what?) big table, wooden		-oh, I'm eating	About the sky (which?) blue, blue

You can determine the case of an adjective by the case of the noun it refers to. As you noticed, it is easy to confuse the endings of the adjectives of the nominative, accusative, and genitive case of this group of words. Determine the case of the adjective based on the noun.

In the plural, adjectives are declined as follows:

Nominative case: -ы, -и. The houses are (what?) big.
Genitive case: -ы, -их. Houses (what kind?) are large.
Dative case: -ym, -im. Houses (what?) big.
Accusative: animate nouns They decline according to the genitive case, and inanimate ones - according to the nominative case. The houses are (what?) big.
Instrumental case: -y, -imi. Houses (what?) big.
Prepositional case: -y, -them. About (what?) big houses.

Please note that the words of this group of adjectives have the same endings in the genitive and prepositional cases. Difficulties may also arise when determining the nominative, genitive, and accusative cases. Then pay attention to the case of the noun, the role of the noun in the sentence.

How to determine the case of an adjective? Algorithm
How to determine the case of an adjective correctly? To always accurately indicate the case of a given part of speech, use an algorithm.

Remember the peculiarities of the declension of adjectives, their endings, and case issues.
Write down the adjective on a piece of paper.
Highlight the ending in the adjective and compare it mentally with the table.
If you are in doubt that your adjective's case cannot be determined by its ending, look to the noun.
Ask a question to the noun, highlight the ending and determine its case. The adjective has the same case.
Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between the nominative and accusative cases. In this case, you must find out the role of the noun to which the adjective refers in the sentence.
- noun in the nominative case – subject, main member offers;
- noun in accusative case– a minor member of the sentence.
The adjective will have the same case.

Remember the signs of different cases, the peculiarities of the declension of a given part of speech, use the algorithm. Then you will always correctly determine the case of an adjective.

What is gender in relation to the Russian language, how many genders are there in the Russian language and which ones are distinguished?

Schoolchildren begin to become familiar with this category in primary school, gradually deepening and consolidating your knowledge. In the fifth grade, information about the genus is replenished and consolidated on more complex material.

How many genders are there in Russian?

The following system is presented in Russian:

Feminine gender.
Masculine.
Neuter gender.
Common gender.

The gender of words used only in the plural is not determined.

How many genders does a noun have in Russian?

To determine the gender of a noun, set to this word semantic question: is it mine? She is mine? is it mine?

As can be seen from the table, gender is determined only for singular nouns. Nouns used only in the plural (trousers, glasses, sleigh) are outside the category of gender.

When determining the gender of nouns, schoolchildren often have difficulty with words like “knowledgeable”, “clever”, “fidget” and the like. For example: he was a big fidget and she was a big fidget. Are these words feminine or masculine? This is where the question posed in the title arises: how many genders are there in the Russian language? Scientists have two points of view on this matter: some classify them as masculine or feminine, depending on the context, others classify such words into a special gender - general.

Indeclinable foreign language nouns also cause difficulties. In writing, they resemble words related to the neuter gender. Indeed, most of them belong precisely to this genus, but there are (let's say) exceptions to the rule.

Thus, according to the literary norm, the noun “coffee” is masculine. It would be incorrect to say “my coffee.” This is a mistake, the correct option is “my coffee”.

The noun "euro", by analogy with other names monetary units, refers to the masculine gender. By the same principle, the nouns “suluguni”, “sirocco”, “penalty” refer to the masculine. Based on the same analogy, the nouns "avenue", "salami", "kohlrabi" are feminine.

If you have any doubts about the gender of a noun, you should consult Russian dictionaries.

How to determine the gender of an adjective?

Unlike a noun, for which the gender category is unchangeable, for an adjective it is a changeable category and is determined depending on the context. The rule by which the gender of this part of speech is determined is as follows: the gender of the adjective is determined by the word being defined, that is, by the noun.

For example:

The girl was wearing a beautiful (s.r.) dress. (“Dress” is mine, therefore it is neuter, which means the adjective “beautiful” is neuter).
He was a handsome (m.) man. The street is beautiful (f.r.).

Indeclinable adjectives are also distinguished. For example: khaki pants.

Now you know the answer to the question of how many genders there are in the Russian language. We also analyzed their definition using examples. It is very important to be able to determine the gender of a noun or adjective - this will help to avoid grammatical errors.

Let's reveal the secret of the ending options -y, ee. To do this, you need to determine what sound the stem of the adjective ends with. A stem is a part of a word without an ending.

Roads are happy, sad,

Now near, now far,

Both light and thick,

Winding, mountainous.(S. Mikhalkov)

(Tough means smooth, even)

In words funny, sad, rough, winding, mountainous stem ends with solid sound l, n, T.

In words near, far, light the stem ends in a soft consonant n", To" .

If the stem of an adjective ends in a hard sound, the ending is written: е.

If the stem ends in soft sound, the ending is different: ie.

There are exception words. Let's find them in riddles.

In the summer they are fresh and green in the garden, and in the winter they are salted in a barrel.(Cucumbers)

When she looks into the garden,

The grapes will become more transparent,

Big apples are redder

And late pears taste better.(Autumn) (I. Kulskaya)

Fresh, large, green, salty - the stem ends in a hard consonant, but write zhi-shi with the letter I, so the ending is written -ee.

Late - the stem ends in a soft consonant, ending -i. Another spelling is an unpronounceable consonant sound, a test word to be late.

Let's select adjectives and write them down, following the commands for nouns.

Birds of paradise.

Bird feathers…,…. , …., ….. In shape they are…. : some - ..., others - .... with tassels on the wings, the third - .... Legs …. and..., because they live in trees. …. birds!

Information desk: yellow, orange, green, black, unusual, wide, narrow, fluffy, strong, tenacious, fabulous. (see Fig. 2)

Birds of paradise.

Bird feathers (what?) are yellow, orange, green, black. They are (what?) unusual in shape: some are wide, others are narrow with tassels on the wings, and others are fluffy. Legs (what kind?) are strong and tenacious, because they live in trees. Fairytale birds!

People, admiring the beauty of birds of paradise, are often surprised by their croaking. But there is nothing surprising: these birds are close relatives of our common crow.

What nouns can be used with an adjective? delicious?

vermicelli

orange

Delicious oranges, zucchini, candies, cucumbers, pies, salads.

Nouns from the first column do not change by number. Nouns bread, butter, milk, jam, chocolate, vermicelli have a singular form.

Fun guys.

In distant... times in Rus' there lived cheerful... people - amusements. Holidays, folk celebrations would not be complete without these people. Buffoons staged puppet shows right on the streets. Friendly gangs could be seen in villages and cities. The amuse-bouches carried multi-colored balls... and boxes of carvings..., mummers walked nearby... goats and bears on chains. The musicians carried their musical instruments.(According to I. Nikitina)

What times? distant people, what kind of people? merry, what kind of festivities? What folk ideas? What kind of puppet gangs (these are noisy crowds)? friendly, what kind of balls? What kind of multi-colored boxes are they? carved, what kind of goats? mummers, what instruments? musical.

Matryoshka.

Matryoshka is a (wooden) doll. (Russian) masters endowed the nesting dolls with beauty. The nesting doll has a (ruddy) face, (blue) eyes, (scarlet) lips, (sable) eyebrows. The (dressy) shawl and (bright) dress complement the beauty of the toy. (Russian) matryoshka is the (best) gift.

What doll(s) is it? wooden, unit, liquid

What kind of masters? Russians, plural

What is the face like? ruddy, singular, average

What kind of eyes? blue, plural

What kind of sponges? scarlet, plural

What eyebrows? sable, plural

What kind of shawl is it? elegant, singular, female

What kind of dress is it? bright, singular, average

What is Matryoshka (she)? Russian, singular, female

What is the gift? best, singular, m.r.

Matryoshka.

Matryoshka is a wooden doll. Russian craftsmen endowed the nesting dolls with beauty. The nesting doll has a ruddy face, blue eyes, scarlet lips, and sable eyebrows. An elegant shawl and a bright dress complement the beauty of the toy. Russian matryoshka is the best gift.

Put adjectives in the required form. Determine the number of adjectives and gender in the singular.

Tundra in summer.

The multicolored summer tundra. On the melt water there is a motley... of birds. There are bright flowers on the hummocks. The deer lie lazily, well fed. Their branches... horns against the golden sunset are like a fabulous... bone forest. And there is endless silence all around.(According to N. Sladkov)

Tundra in summer.

The summer (what?) tundra is multicolored (l.r.ed.h.). On the melt water there are colorful (what?) birds (plural). On the hummocks there are bright (what?) flowers (plural). Well-fed (what?) deer lie lazily (plural). Their branchy (what?) horns (plural) against the golden sunset are like a fabulous (what?) bone forest (plural). And there is endless (what?) silence all around. (l.r.ed.h.) (According to N. Sladkov)

During the lesson, you learned that a plural adjective always has the same command - which ones? The adjective, obeying this command, is used in the plural. Adjectives in the plural do not differ in gender, since the endings are always the same: -y or ee.

M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
M.S. Soloveychik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 grades. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

School-collection.edu.ru ().
School-collection.edu.ru ().
Festival pedagogical ideas "Public lesson" ().

Insert letters. Guess on what basis the words are combined. Find the “extra” combination of words.

fast... rivers

far away... mountains

fragrant... lilies of the valley

mighty... pine trees

rarely... forest

autumn...mushrooms

Write the phrases in the plural.

Friendly team - …

Friendly family - …

Friendly link -...

City Park - …

Town Square - …

City building -…

Solve spelling problems in the endings of adjectives.

Walk of Chuk and Gek.

The children walked to the spring along a narrow... path. The cold blue sky shone above them. How fabulous... castles, high... cliffs rose to the sky. In frosty... curious magpies chirped sharply in the silence. Gray... brambling... squirrels were jumping between the cedar branches.