Styles of floral compositions. Vegetative style in floristry, basic principles of vegetative. Bouquet of asymmetrical shape

Considered the most difficult. In order to successfully create compositions in this style, the florist must pay attention to appearance, growth form and plant community of plants, which is especially important when working with potted plants. You can use stones, driftwood, cones, branches, moss, berries and other natural materials.
The composition may have one or several growth points.
Working in a vegetative style requires particularly careful selection and arrangement of material: flowers and plants should look natural, the way they grow in nature.
Spring compositions look especially good in this style to convey the awakening of Nature.
The dishes are shallow, nondescript, earth tones or green, and should not attract attention to themselves.
Compositions vegetative style resemble a piece of nature, where stones, branches, moss can be used... They have one or several growth points.

Created using the following material production techniques:

free
parallel
radial

Bouquets vegetative style will most likely resemble an armful of wildflowers, with herbs, cereals... Technique for setting up the material:

parallel
spiral
on a portaquet (very rare)

Main characteristics of the style - taking into account factors:

Plant community
Plant Physiology
Form
Direction of movement
Structure
Asymmetry or symmetry
Proportions
Stepping
Grouping
Environment
Number of growth points
Free space
Examples in nature
Color and shape in nature
Season

There are several factors to consider, but not all.

One of the common modern classifications is the division of all styles in floristry into decorative, vegetative and linear form. The authors of this division are Gregor Lersch and Daniel Ost. The famous florist Peter Asman suggests distinguishing four styles, adding a parallel one to those named; in practice, the fourth style became part of the linear form.

Decorative(from Latin decoro - I decorate) style involves creating compositions from large number various colors. At the same time, the integrity of the plan is preserved and the creative individuality of the bouquet is emphasized. When creating compositions in a decorative style, the main thing is to subordinate the plants to the main idea of the master, playing out each flower in a new role for it. Characteristics decorative style - dense filling of space and symmetrical arrangement of plants. Asymmetrical works are a rare exception to this style and are most often created from dried flowers. In symmetrical compositions of a decorative style, plants are placed as a mirror image relative to the geometric middle (axis). For example, red tulips on the left should also be on the right. Specularity is observed in the form, color and dynamics of plants, only in individual elements the composition can be asymmetrical. The composition may have one or several axes of symmetry, and it is possible to place plants in a stepped structure. For arrangements in a decorative style, flowers of symmetrical shape are most suitable - large-flowered chrysanthemum, peony, hydrangea, gerbera.

Classic round Biedermeier bouquets are made in a decorative style.

Vegetative(from Latin vegeto - I revive) style involves a natural combination and placement of flowers and additional plant material. Vegetative style compositions are distinguished by asymmetrical placement of flowers and accessories. The compositions are composed of three groups of plants of different sizes, among which one of the groups is given clear preference. Most often, the basis of a vegetative composition looks like this: the focal point is one of the groups of plants, it is shaded by a neighboring small group and balanced by a medium-sized third group located in the distance. The main condition for creating a vegetative composition is to preserve the natural appearance of plants and highlight their especially colorful sides. Experienced florists do not copy the natural arrangement of flowers, but create a creative composition based on natural qualities one plant or another. The vegetative composition is built in several ways, of which the most famous is the arrangement with one growing point. In this case, the plants are placed so that all the lines of the composition not only gather at one point in structure, but also visually look the same. In most cases, the asymmetrical arrangement ensures that the growth point is not in the center of the vase, but is shifted to the side, forward or backward from the aligned center of the composition. You can also place the plants so that they visually diverge from one growing point under the vase. The easiest way to create a growth point is by the intersection of several main groups of the composition.

Shape - linear style suggests asymmetry in compositions. Main feature compositions made in this style is to use the individual characteristics of all components involved in the composition. Within the framework of the form-linear style, compositions are created from a minimum amount of materials, both planar and in the form of various geometric shapes.

Parallel florists call a style when most of the plant and additional material is located parallel to each other. Parallel compositions, made in a linear style, are created from cut plants arranged on a base in horizontal or vertical rows. Each row contains plants of either the same color or the same type. Such compositions require beautiful tall or, on the contrary, flat decorative vessels.

Form-linear parallel compositions can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. As in other styles, here each element has its own growth point and proportions, color combinations, and shape are strictly observed. Parts of a parallel composition can be vertical, diagonal or horizontal. Examples of parallel style compositions can be found in nature.

The main compositions of the form-linear style: o parallel-vegetative - asymmetrical, looks quite natural, since the plants are arranged as freely as in living nature. In this style, compositions are made from both cut flowers and potted plants; o parallel-decorative - symmetrical and having a closed shape, which emphasizes the visual impression of the originality of the work;

o parallel-graphic - it can be both symmetrical and asymmetrical. The basis of such compositions is a constructivist or even abstract design. Often, when composing compositions in this style, the biological individual characteristics of plant material are not used. The basis can be fine crushed stone, brick chips, sand, synthetic materials. Vertically placed plants intersect, which gives the work originality and uniqueness. Floral oasis foam is placed slightly below the edges of the vase. Avant-garde works are performed in this style for modern office interiors.

Each floral bouquet is a creative composition, which takes time to compile from master florists or amateurs. Masters make bouquets faster, having certain knowledge and skills, while non-professionals spend much more energy and effort on creating them.

But in order for the assembled composition to please you with its appearance, you need to have a good understanding not only of the art of assembling bouquets in a certain shape and floral styles, but also in such classifications, in particular, for whom the bouquet is intended and what event it will highlight.

Therefore, both professionals and novice florists should navigate various classifications by types of bouquets in order to understand what composition they will collect in accordance with the wishes of customers.

Let's take a look at the most common existing floristic classifications.

Classification by shape

This classification is considered one of the fundamental ones for study; it is on it that many florists rely when composing bouquets.

Having learned to work with this classification, it will be possible to move further in the world of studying Floristry.

According to this classification, the following types of flower arrangements are distinguished:

A round bouquet is basically a spherical composition of regular shape, which is assembled from proportionate flowers with a dense arrangement. Proportionality means that flowers are selected the same in size, including buds.

At the same time, the colors of plants are not only monotonous, but multi-color inclusions and color textures are also allowed.

That's why important point The execution of assembling round bouquets depends on the arrangement of the material, and it can be as follows:

Circular concentric - flowers are arranged contrastingly in a circle with such alternation, for example, as large-small inflorescences of yellow and red flowers, and with the obligatory replacement of material in a new circle;
Spiral - a spiral path inside the bouquet is distinguished by a different shape of plants in a different color scheme;
Structural - they try to arrange the material in groups proportionally;
Diagonal – select opposite sectors with a diagonal and fill them.

Round bouquets can also be assembled using other modifications, which depend on the degree of skill of the florist. But in any case, this type of bouquet is the most common.

A cascading composition is a vertical bouquet collected in a downward direction. The base of this bouquet is made in the shape of a regular triangle with the apex at the bottom, and the flowers are arranged in a special way using the following techniques:

Placements on living stems;
Mixed, where more than 70 percent of fresh flowers and only 30 percent of taped flowers are combined together with special wire tires;
Placements on the portaquet;
English installation on wire stems, completely covered with fresh flowers;
Frame, where the base is made of birch, rattan or wire.

And the cascade effect itself is achieved using a floral arrangement, which comes in two types:

Regular cascade-drop– a flowing composition in which long plants are located at the bottom, and short ones are laid stepwise at the top;
Waterfall– a cascading bouquet, where flowers are arranged exactly the opposite way, short plants are located below, and long ones in the form of a veil cover them from above.

Cascading bouquets of flowers are shown in the photo.

A bouquet on a frame is a technically complex composition of various shapes, the most common of which are a disk, an irregular spherical shape, a heart, and a cylinder.

To create a frame composition, you need to work out the concept of the bouquet itself and a competent choice of flowers that undergo certain processing. Excess leaves on the stem are removed from flowers or taping is carried out. The plants are then placed on the frame.

When creating the frame, both artificial and natural materials are used. Therefore, the basis of a frame bouquet can be either wire, greenery or branches. The assembly of the base occurs according to a pre-drawn diagram. The frame is complemented with flax, feathers, sisal, rattan and other materials.

There are many options for creating frame compositions. But frame bouquets that are more popular than others are:

Fan– with the help of this bouquet you can create a romantic and poetic mood of the 19th century. You can decorate this floral arrangement with original antique embroidery, inserts of pearls and stones, ribbons and openwork braid;
coupling- a cylindrical composition, which is more often collected in winter than in summer, because such a bouquet can serve not only beautiful decoration, but also a practical thing and warm your hands with the help of fur placed inside the frame;
Handbag– the main advantage of this composition is that the bag is a favorite accessory of a woman’s wardrobe. And such a floral accessory will not only attract attention, but will make a woman stand out from the crowd.

Structural bouquets of non-standard shapes

In addition to the basic forms, the imagination of florists helps to construct bouquets and non-standard forms, for which artificial materials such as paper, wire, tape, porta bouquet and oasis sponge, and floral glue are very often used.

Among these forms, the following compositions stand out:

Glamelia- this is a decorative bouquet of a cone different shapes or in the form of a hemisphere, which craftsmen create from petals of fresh flowers using wire or glue. To create such bouquets, petals of gladioli, camellias or roses are often used;
Rod- this is a flower arrangement assembled either from plants on very long legs, or flowers secured with decorative wire and ribbon;
Cone– flowers are collected on an oasis sponge or porta bouquet in an elongated shape and placed in paper shaped like an inverted cone.

Along with this classification by form, a second specification that is of no small importance should be studied.

Classification by style

Modern floristry distinguishes several basic styles, thanks to which it is possible to create the ideal bouquet for any life event.

Vegetative style

The vegetative composition is a complex skillfully collected bouquet, which looks as natural and close to natural conditions as possible. Very often it is called a piece of nature, since its creation not only uses natural materials, but also takes into account the basic characteristics of the plant world.

When creating a vegetative bouquet, pay attention to the following factors:

Asymmetrical and symmetrical arrangement of plants;
Grouping, proportions and examples of growth in the natural environment;
Natural color and shape of plants;
Seasons - seasonality allows you to understand what materials should be combined.

This composition is minimally decorated, but despite this, it looks incredibly stylish and elegant.

Decorative style

Decorative style allows you to create bouquets in unified concept sometimes from completely dissimilar materials. In this case, the plants lose their individuality, but this is more than compensated by the overall expressiveness of the bouquet.

The features of this style are the following:

Plants should fill the bouquet tightly to the center;
Both asymmetry and symmetry are allowed;
Various natural and artificial materials are used and grouped together in the work;
Color contrasts are used because color is very important in composition;
It is allowed to combine stylistic features of different eras;
Overall visual balance is maintained.

This style is quite bright and convenient to perform, so many florists prefer to use it in their work.

Shape - linear style

Contours, line and shape are the main elements of the form-linear style. They set the tone for the entire floral composition. Wherein an important condition The work becomes such a combination of elements in which the bouquet will acquire expressiveness.

This style has the following characteristics:

The use of many shapes and lines is not allowed;
The form must remain clear;
To create a bouquet you need a minimalist amount of material;
The arrangement of the material should be asymmetrical, although symmetry is sometimes allowed;
A combination of plant and artificial materials;
Contrasts and juxtapositions are used;
The bouquet should maintain space.

Bouquets in this style are very suitable for interior arrangements and various conceptual events.

One of the clear and understandable compositional styles is the massive style, which is also called style-form. The execution of these compositions is quite simple, but at the same time labor-intensive. The shapes of the bouquets are clear, for example, a cone, a heart or a ball, the main thing is to decide on the execution technique.

To assemble massive bouquets, you can use various techniques, such as arrangement on a base, gluing, weaving, parallel or spiral assembly, and others.

In addition, when using a form style, the following is recommended:

It is advisable to use no more than 3 types of material;
The composition does not need a center, so the bouquet must be filled tightly;
When assembling, you must adhere to a strictly chosen form;
If the bouquet involves a base, for example, a vase, then it should be compositionally combined with the bouquet.

It is worth additionally noting that the development of styles does not stand still and modern floristic schools have recently sought to highlight new directions, one of which in the near future may become a transparent style.

Classification by purpose

According to their purpose as a gift, the following types of flower bouquets are distinguished:

Perhaps the most common flower arrangements are bouquets created for beautiful ladies. And no matter how old this lady is, 10 or 50, every girl, girl or woman is always pleased to receive such a gift.

Women's bouquets embody the flight of fancy of any florist, because in their composition both heterogeneous materials are used, including unusual ones, as well as various forms of composition, as well as trends.

However, despite such a variety of women's bouquets, there are some important things that should be taken into account when composing them:

Female age - it is preferable for young girls to give pastel-colored flowers with delicate buds; young women are more suitable for juicier and bright shades, in old age, moderate colors are more suitable, where bright accents are allowed;
The degree of kinship and closeness is one of the most important factors. Flowers can be intended for a mother, wife, loved one in one case, or an acquaintance, friend, colleague in another case. In the first option, the bouquet is created with special care and tenderness, therefore the flowers are selected that will convey all the important feelings and attitudes. In the second case, it is better to stop at classic versions bouquets with well-known flowers, among which the most common option is roses;
A woman’s preferences - regardless of all the rules, every woman loves flowers of certain shades, for one it is yellow, for another it is lilac, for a third it is scarlet. The same applies to the form of the composition. Therefore, it is important for the florist to know about this in order to select flowers of the desired shade and make the bouquet much more pleasant.

Men, just like women, can receive a flower bouquet as a gift. But the floral composition presented to a strong representative of humanity will be strikingly different from others.

A man's bouquet of flowers is distinguished by such character traits, How:

Lack of delicate colors, preference is given to bright, rich tones, for example, scarlet, blue and purple;
Using flowers that do not smell or stain clothes;
The use of an elongated assembly shape, pyramidal or triangular, and no round or spherical options;
Laconic textured packaging.

In this regard, not all flowers are suitable for decorating a male composition. Plants such as alstroemeria, gerberas, callas, irises and long varieties of roses will look stylish. A good addition to them would be bamboo and holly greens.

It is also possible to add to the composition beautiful bottles with alcohol, coffee and various gift accessories.

Children's bouquets are made in the form of mini compositions. The most common types here are small bouquets, bouquets of animals or toys, for example, hares, bears, dolls, cars. Bouquets in the form of cartoon characters are also very popular.

Many flower bouquets are arranged in the form of compositions in a basket, box or bag with the addition of sweets or kinder surprises.

But the most important thing when composing such bouquets is to remember that they are intended for children, so we can highlight the following points that are important to consider when assembling:

Children love bright colors;
Flowers should not smell strongly so as not to cause allergies;
Children love toys and sweets;
The bouquet should not be heavy;
The artificial materials used must be harmless.

When starting work on creating a children's bouquet, it is advisable to first draw a sketch and then bring the drawing to life.

Classification by events

There are quite a lot of events in life, but there are several special ones, which are often decorated with floral bouquet arrangements.

Making wedding bouquets is one of the most interesting creative processes for florists, because a wedding is an incredibly impressive event, in the center of which one important person shines - the bride.

And the wedding day is special when any bride wants to look perfect. And a beautiful bouquet in gentle hands will help to emphasize this ideality.

But it is worth remembering that the assembly wedding bouquet depends on the following factors:

Wedding Event Colors;
External type of the bride;
The bride's favorite flowers;
The shape of the bouquet is selected based on the style of the wedding dress;
Harmony of the bride's image as a whole.

If the bouquet is poorly chosen and does not take these important factors, then the bride’s mood may deteriorate, and the entire event may not go well.

To create wedding bouquets, florists take a variety of flowers, including hydrangeas, orchids, chrysanthemums, and exotic options. But the most popular among all is undoubtedly the rose.

More than a million times this flower with a wonderful name has been added to the composition. The rose looks great both in a mono- and multi-bouquet. Therefore, choosing a rose as the basis of a wedding bouquet, a florist will never go wrong.

New Year is a bright holiday associated with a snowy winter, a magical mood and gifts under the tree. And New Year's compositions fully convey the spirit of this holiday.

Florists create New Year's bouquets not only for gifting, but also as elements for decorating the interiors of apartments, houses and offices.

When composing these winter bouquets, coniferous branches, both natural and artificial, are used as the main materials. They are decorated with candles, pine cones, Christmas tree decorations and balls, sweets and lollipops, ribbons and tinsel.

The compositions also contain some flowers and fruits. Among the flowers, preference is traditionally given to amaryllis, carnations, gerberas, red roses and the Christmas flower - poinsettia. From fruits - citrus fruits, mainly oranges and tangerines.

Massive New Year's compositions are collected in large baskets and complemented along with festive elements with candy boxes, bottles of alcohol, such as martini or champagne. Interesting floral greenery is also added to such bouquets, among which hypericum is the most popular.

Floristry masters also design other types of New Year's bouquets, the contents of which depend only on personal wishes and preferences.

An anniversary reflects an important milestone in life and is expressed as a round date in the life of a person or an important event associated with some event.

A bouquet for such an event should be original and luxurious, and symbolize a wide range of feelings, including love and respect.

If the anniversary is connected with a birthday, then the personal preferences of the birthday boy or girl being presented are taken into account. But in the absence of preferences, women choose flowers of red, white and yellow shades, such as orchids, roses, chrysanthemums and eustomas. For men, blue and blue, red and orange shades are selected.

If the celebration is associated with a significant date in life, then the compositions are performed in original form, the most suitable among which would be a bouquet-heart, a bouquet-ship, flowers in a hat box.

Many companies decorate their offices with flower bouquets to create a cozy atmosphere for employees, corporate events, or to prepare meetings with partners.

Floral arrangements in offices can be seen at conferences and seminars, round tables, presentations and negotiations.

For ordinary office events and when communicating with partners, preference is given to bouquets in strict and simple proportions of small volumes. Such bouquets are collected using a floral sponge and placed in small baskets, wooden pedestals or glass containers. The range of such bouquets can be monotonous or with small bright accents.

For festive corporate events, the compositions are colorful and elegant. They are placed in prominent places, decorating tables and important areas. Preference is given to plants with large flowers, such as anthurium, calla lilies, roses and large chrysanthemums.

Another interesting classification would be the grouping of bouquets by country.

Classification by country

Floristry as an art was formed for a long time. Each country had its own peculiarities in the formation of bouquets, thanks to which it was possible to distinguish, for example, a Dutch bouquet with tulips from an English bouquet with roses.

Over time, the boundaries were erased, and this is how, for example, American and European bouquets appeared. But distinctive features Some countries still have bouquets.

Therefore, according to the history of floristry, the following classification by country is distinguished:

Old English traditions are reflected not only in the English lifestyle, but also in flower arrangements.

Special conditions when composing classic bouquets are:

No unopened buds;
Round or triangular shape, sometimes fan shape;
Assembling bouquets only from flowers without adding various elements for decoration;
Use of field and garden flowers, among which are especially popular pansies, spray carnations, lavender, peonies, primroses and roses;
Symmetrical arrangement of flowers;
Low-contrast color scheme.

English Art Nouveau style bouquets differ from classic Victorian ones by deviating from the following rules:

Some asymmetry is allowed;
A small number of flowers are used, which are surrounded by branches, greenery or leaves;
Color contrasts and unusual combinations are possible.

In addition, it was in England that the first bouquets of dried flowers and leaves, preserved using a special technique, appeared.

Biedermeier- a bouquet whose origins go back to German roots. It appeared a couple of centuries ago, but quickly gained popularity. Initially, it was a small, symmetrically assembled lush bouquet with a carefully selected color scheme.

A little later, the bouquet was transformed and today its main features are as follows:

Rounded contour-closed shape of the assembly;
Color laying in layers from top to bottom;
The Biedermeier arrangement uses close placement of flower heads to each other;
Adding both fresh and dried flowers;
Artificial materials such as lace and ribbons, lightweight fabrics and sisal are carefully used to arrange Biedermeier designs.

In addition to artificial framing, greenery is also used, among which asparagus, mint, fern and eucalyptus are popular.

The special charm inherent in a French bouquet undoubtedly comes from its aroma. After all, the French, like no one else, know that a bouquet can attract attention not only with its external charm, but also with its aromatic content.

Therefore, the main features French bouquet are concluded as follows:

The use of fragrant plants and flowers, such as gardenia, jasmine or lily. A small bouquet of spicy herbs, called Garni, is considered especially fragrant;
Pyramidal shape of the composition;
A large number of flowers in a bouquet of contrasting colors;
Bouquet arrangements in old style, for example, such as Pompadour;
The use of pedestals for compositions, for example, flowerpots, vases, cups, goblets, jugs.

The country of Japan is truly unique in many of its traditions. Its oriental spirit is reflected in everything the Japanese touch, including floral bouquets.

This is why a Japanese bouquet looks like a work of art. And this art is called ikebana, which in Japanese sounds like “live flowers.”

The Japanese style of bouquet arrangement conveys the natural flow of life in nature, reflecting the different seasons. And despite the apparent simplicity of the compositions, making them is not so easy.

Traditionally, ikebana is created according to certain rules, and each bouquet must not only be harmonious and proportional, but also convey movement. And for this, the compositions are given a certain volume, asymmetry and lyricism of the author’s mood, which also depends on the time of year.

So in the spring, to express expression and revive life, Japanese florists use elongated flowering plants and greens with long stems.

For blooming summer voluminous compositions are made, consisting of wide leaves, bright and lush flowers.

In autumn, which brings with it nostalgia and memories, bouquets become more sophisticated. The masters choose flowers of more muted tones, and they are combined with dried flowers, tree branches and dried leaves.

And finally, in winter, during nature’s sleep, Japanese bouquets display calmness and tranquility, and sometimes a certain gloom and icy breath. When making bouquets, preference is given not to flowers, but to coniferous and berry branches.

There are other less common classifications of bouquets, but using the presented classifications you can select a large number of master classes.

Master classes on making bouquets

On the Internet you can find an abundance of lessons on making bouquets from various classifications.

IN various master classes florists show step by step how to correctly assemble flower arrangements. The most informative of them are video lessons.

Therefore, let’s take a look at some interesting videos for teaching floristry:

Laboratory work No. 1

Basic styles and laws of floristry

Tasks

1 Get acquainted with the theoretical part

2 Using materials prepared in advance, create a bouquet in one of the floral styles.

Decorative style- The most common. When performing decorative work, the florist’s task is not to identify the characteristics of each plant, but to subordinate them to the idea of creating the whole. At the same time, plants, even losing their individuality, acquire beauty in unity. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical principles of composition construction, various methods of material distribution and the use of different floral techniques are used. Decorative style involves the use of a large amount of material and its variety in color, shape and texture. It is allowed to mix colors of different seasons, geographic areas, forms of significance, species and families in one composition.

Materials for decorative arrangements can include fruits, vegetables, berries, various floral accessories - ribbons, paper, jewelry, etc.

A wide variety of arrangements are made in the decorative style - from a sentimental chamber bouquet for the bride to a solemn official composition for interior decoration.

Modern works in a decorative style are often performed using the technique of material transformation. Arrangements with color contrasts are especially good and original.

Vegetative style considered the most difficult. In order to successfully create compositions in this style, the florist must have a keen sense of inner essence plants, bringing their creations closer to the natural images of Nature. In addition to flowers and leaves, stones, driftwood, pine cones, branches, moss, fruits, berries and other natural materials are often used in vegetative arrangements. This style is characterized by a free arrangement of material, identical to natural. The composition may have one or several growth points.

Working in this style requires the florist to respect the plants. The sociology of plants (forms of significance) is taken into account - a flower of low significance is not placed higher in the composition than, respectively, medium and large. It is mandatory to preserve the natural growth forms, sizes and shapes of plants. One arrangement uses flowers from only one season and one geographic range.

The vegetative composition is created in such a way that it looks natural and miraculous: it should not contain mechanical cuts, artificial weaves, and so on...

The vegetative style is especially good in spring compositions to convey the state of Nature’s awakening. The image of a waking forest - tender grass breaking through, thawed patches, the first snowdrops...

Linear style. The florist, when creating an arrangement, focuses on the line, minimizing the amount of material used. Preference is given to plants with unusually curved stems, which may form a line. If in a decorative style a line can be an additional touch, here it is the idea of the composition. Lines can be straight, winding, curved and smooth. To create active tension in the arrangement, the contrast of lines with different movement patterns is used. The linear style is usually characterized by an asymmetrical arrangement of material. The direction of the lines in the composition may be different, but one of them must prevail.

In order to emphasize the elegance and graphic nature of the lines, a form is usually introduced into the composition (this can be a large flower, fruit, or artificial decorative element).

Stylish, intense contrast of shapes and lines with a small number of plants and other floral materials gives rise to an extravagant, sophisticated arrangement for decoration modern interior. The linear style is more difficult to perceive, but it allows you to assemble an excellent composition from a small amount of material. The pronounced color contrast of the elements and the combination of plant and non-plant material make the works bright and interesting.

Style shape involves the creation of clear, recognizable geometric shapes (wreath, ball, pyramid, cross, and so on) using any floral techniques. This style is as clear and concise as possible. It requires a clear understanding of the task and great accuracy in execution. The shape can be created from leaves, branches and other parts of plants. The range of techniques used is very wide - from simple pasting of an oasis to complex weaving from one type of material.

The basis of the composition can be a frame made of technical or floral material. Weaving techniques are often used to create floral frames of various shapes. The material for arrangement can be either homogeneous (from one type of material) or contrasting in texture or color. Compositions made from different types of plants, chosen to match, are very good.

Depending on the task set in the style of the form, you can make a bouquet on living legs or a composition on an oasis. This style is often used to create mourning compositions.

Floral techniques

Floristic work can be carried out in various techniques, depending on the purpose of the composition and the effect that the florist wants to achieve. Techniques are constantly being improved, new methods and techniques for making floral compositions are emerging.

Currently, there are many techniques used in creating floral arrangements, which are named after the way they work with floral material: stringing, weaving, tying, wrapping, layering, stitching, pinning, fastening, gluing, packaging technique, Roman technique, material transformation. Each technique has its own advantages that must be taken into account when preparing for work. We will take a detailed look at several floral techniques used to create bouquets.

Spiral technique- this is when plants are collected in a spiral, and living, natural stems are included in the bouquet handle. When using the parallel technique, the stems in the bouquet are placed parallel to each other. The stems are trimmed with pruning shears, and then an oblique cut is made on each of them with a sharp knife. The stems are tied tightly first with an ordinary cord, then - for aesthetic reasons - with a decorative ribbon, matched in color to the floral material of the bouquet.

An ideally executed spiral bouquet should stand on a plane without any support.

The advantage of these techniques is that due to the complete preservation of the stems, the plants are well provided with water, and therefore this bouquet is the most durable. In addition, since the stems are arranged in a spiral or parallel to each other, when removing a flower from a bouquet, its shape is not disturbed. The disadvantage of a parallel or spiral bouquet may be its heaviness and the relatively large size of the “handle”.

Bouquet in mixed media can also be assembled in a spiral. In it, 60-70% of the living stems are left, 30-40% are removed, and the flower heads are placed on a wire and taped. The wire stems, together with the living ones, enter the bundle, are trimmed and bent upward with pliers above the bundle. This technique is used when you need to make a bouquet with complex outlines or falling outbursts, since the material mounted on the wire is more plastic and allows you to arbitrarily form the outline of the composition.

Technique taping allows you to make the bouquet very comfortable and light, this is important since the bride will have to hold it in her hands for a long time. All plant stems are cut off the desired height. Before collecting the bouquet, the plants are additionally sealed in Krizal. Then each flower is placed on a wire, cotton wool soaked in vinegar, vodka or other liquid is placed under the cut, depending on the type of flower, then the wire stem is taped. The stems are collected only in parallel, without twisting. The handle, assembled from wire stems, is taped and decorated with a ribbon of the appropriate shade. It is advisable to keep flowers in damp paper during the bouquet making process.

The advantages of a bouquet made using the taping technique are the lightness and great plasticity of the material.

This technique is indispensable when creating unusual forms of arrangements. But it should be remembered that it does not imply saving decorative look bouquet no more than within 24 hours.

If a longer flower lifespan is needed, you can make bouquet on a porta bouquet. A porta bouquet holder is a piece of oasis, placed in a plastic frame with a handle. The handle is taped and then decorated with ribbon or plant leaves using the wrapping or gluing technique. The leaves laid out using the Roman technique (overlapping one on top of the other like scales) look very beautiful.

You can make any bouquet on a porta bouquet, for example, an asymmetrical one with an outlier. To form an ejection, the longest and heaviest elements are placed on a wire, they pierce the oasis, and the ends of the wire are secured to the lattice of the portaquet holder.

I would like to talk a little about one of the most interesting floral techniques - material transformation. As a result of working in this technique, the material is modified so much that it is difficult to recognize. For example, making glamelia. This technique dates back to the late 19th century, when cameo and gladiolus petals were used to create a large, beautiful flower. This work of floral art received its name from the names of these two flowers. Currently, glamelia is made from various petals or leaves. Let's take a closer look at making glamelia from rose petals. From a bud or half-opened rose flower, the sepals and outer petals are removed, leaving only the tightly curled center of the flower. To strengthen the remaining petals, a wire is inserted into the bud on both sides, piercing it through, the ends of the wire are bent down and taped with the stem.

Now florists sometimes use glamelia to make glue technique, but its classic version is performed using hairpins.

The petals are placed on thin narrow wire pins and the bud is covered, twisting the wire around it. The petals are selected to be the same size (the largest).

To collect one glamelia, 10-15 rose flowers are required. As you move away from the center of the bud, the length of the hairpin increases. When the glomelia is fully formed, a cuff is made to cover the ends of the pins. The cuff is usually made of hard leaves or cardboard and has a regular geometric shape. Then the cardboard cuff is pasted over with leaves, for example in the Roman technique, or decorated with other floral material.

Materials

In floristry, a wide variety of natural and even synthetic materials are used to help the artist emphasize the beauty of plants, more fully express an idea, and create a certain style. Each of the materials has its own unique characteristics, according to which it is used for one purpose or another.

Branches of trees and bushes, especially decorative, beautifully flowering ones, can be an excellent material for floral arrangement. From the flowering shoots of shrubs such as lilac and jasmine alone, you can create a wonderful composition or bouquet. Often used in autumn arrangements fruit branches. Many ripe fruits and berries are very colorful and create the mood of the composition. Shoots of shrubs with large thorns or thorns, such as hawthorn branches, are very good in arrangements. Twisty, intricately curved shoots are especially valued. Such branches with thorns in compositions are surprisingly expressive. They are dynamic, their silhouette is very graphic. Shoots of shrubs are also used in natural form, but without leaves they acquire new qualities.

Wax– an amazing floral material that allows you to arbitrarily vary the shape and color, it is very convenient to use. Plates of various sizes and colors are obtained by pouring molten wax onto a horizontal surface. After the material has hardened, pieces are cut out the desired shape. To make floral candles, wax plates are selected by color and size and threaded onto a wick. The advantage of wax as a floral material is not only that it is plastic, easily modeled when heated, and retains its shape when cooled. Wax opens up enormous possibilities for us, serving as the basis for floral filling. A wide variety of materials can serve as the latter: flowers, leaves, pieces of bark, pebbles. This depends on the purpose of the product being manufactured. Wax is a material that opens up rich possibilities and scope for the florist’s imagination.

Earth, gravel. Decorative gravel serves as a filler for transparent vessels. By selecting it in size and color, you can achieve various effects. The most ordinary soil can also be an excellent floral material, for example, for making original flowerpots. The technology is quite simple. The inflated balloons are coated with a thick layer of earth mixed with some kind of adhesive fixing substance; at this stage the flower pots are given the desired shape. After the base has dried and hardened, the ball is deflated, the resulting container is filled with soil and is ready for planting any plants. The pots are quite durable, waterproof and transportable. “Earth” pots can be decorated different ways, in this case, these are splashes of gold paint, giving the unusual flower vessels an even more exotic look.

Lichens- one of the favorite materials of many florists. This is a widespread group of symbiotic organisms, usually growing on stones or tree trunks and having a complex structure. Thallus lichens are very diverse in color, size, shape and structure. Lichens can have different colors: white, pink, bright yellow, orange, orange-red, gray, bluish-gray, grayish-green, yellowish-green, olive-brown, brown, black and some others. The variety of colors and unusual texture make these unusual organisms magnificent. decorative material for arrangements. Very good, for example, are compositions made from dried silver-gray lichen in deep blue background. The openwork texture, reminiscent of silver lace, looks rich and noble.

Vegetables often used in floristry as original material, mainly for autumn arrangements. Ripe vegetables symbolize harvest, wealth, fertility. They are good in combination with rough textures: burlap, wood, plant roots. Large vegetables, such as zucchini, can serve as an excellent vessel for arrangement. For this purpose, their core is partially or completely removed. One of the modern popular techniques is vegetable carving. With a sharp knife a pattern or design is applied to the surface of vegetables (types with hard skin are selected). Vegetables are an excellent material for transformation. They can be cut in any, most bizarre way and individual fragments can be glued, strung on wire, or combined with other materials.

Feathers most often used in Easter floristry. Their lightness and fluffy texture soften the arrangement, introducing notes of tenderness into it. For compositions, ostrich, peacock, swan, and chicken feathers are usually used. The feathers of wild birds, varied in shape and color, are also very good. Feathers can be combined with almost any color. Contrasting with smooth leaves or petals, they expressively highlight the beauty of plants and can serve as an excellent material for textured compositions. It should be remembered that feathers are not allowed in arrangements intended for the dining table. Such use does not meet hygiene requirements and is considered bad manners.

Shells, being a marine attribute, themselves determine the theme of the composition. Looking at them, you involuntarily hear the sound of the surf, and it seems that the salty spray of a wave crashing on the shore is about to touch you. In combination with tropical plants shells perfectly convey the exotic mood of hot latitudes. But the possibilities for their use in floristry are much wider. With their help, using the material transformation technique, you can create new textures and shapes, fill transparent vessels, and create collages. Seashells come in different shapes and colors. They go well with glass and metal.

Seeds plants are also used as floral material. Diverse in color, shape, size and texture, they are very good for creating textures, pasting forms, making collages and garlands. Most often, florists use sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, herbs, calendula, legumes, acacia, and chestnut. Dry seeds combined with living material create an unusual and interesting contrast, which is often used in arrangements. Like ripe fruits, they symbolize harvest, wealth, fertility and are good in autumn compositions. The seeds look very original in opened beans, pods, and boxes.

Another very fashionable material used in modern floristry is straw. Its extremely rough texture the best way highlights the beauty of flowers, their tenderness and fragility. Fresh flowers placed on a base of dried cereal stems look even more tender and tender thanks to the contrast. Straw is unique in its versatility: it can be given any shape - even complex weaving. It goes well with many flowers and other floral materials, although it is quite original and can be used as the main material for the arrangement. Straw is a very natural, one might say, rustic material that creates a special atmosphere of simplicity and comfort, which perfectly corresponds to one of the trends modern fashion– naturalization and primitivism. Modern designers are developing numerous artificial materials “that look like straw” - fabrics, wallpaper, carpets. But they are not able to fully convey the texture and richness of its properties. Floral compositions using straw allow you to fully experience plasticity and beauty natural material. Its natural color, natural texture, pleasant smell allow us to more acutely feel closeness to nature.

Dry leaves– an excellent material for autumn compositions. Most often they are used in transformed form to create textures. Depending on the drying method, they can take different shape. When naturally dried, they become deformed, some types even curl, they can be used in autumn bouquets or for arranging in a vegetative style. Leaves, kept flat under a press, have a smooth surface and are very good for collages. The combination of dry leaves and living material looks very original. Leaf petioles can also be used separately.

Grass has many properties that make it a popular material for arrangement. Some types of grasses are very plastic and allow you to create various complex weaves that make the composition original. Grass has an interesting rustic texture, good in contrast with smooth surfaces or regular shapes. It is often an element of a vegetative arrangement. Can be used both live and dried. Dry grass is also good for weaving techniques; it practically does not lose flexibility and has sufficient strength.

Floral paper is currently becoming increasingly popular. It serves not only for the decorative design of bouquets and compositions - various boxes and bags for flowers and gifts are made from it. The method of making floral paper has very ancient roots and has not changed much over the past centuries. First, a special mass is boiled from cellulose and water, then it is laid out in plastic trays, and pressed on top with a mesh with the smallest cells. Then various plant components are added - blades of grass, petals, fibers, seeds, which makes it so original. Making floral paper is a kind of art: you need not only to master the technology, but also to comprehend the inner essence of the process - a touch to the nature of things, which allows you to create not just packaging material, but unique works reminiscent of frozen colors and textures of life.

Usage fruit very popular in floral arrangements. They are good for introducing shapes into a composition. Indispensable for Christmas floristry, they go well with coniferous plants. The combination of fruits and fresh flowers is very unusual and interesting, but it should be borne in mind that ripe fruits They release ethylene, in the presence of which the flowers begin to fade. This is especially true for cloves. Fruits - good material for transformation, they can be used cut, but you need to remember that in many of them the cut area quickly darkens in the air.

Needles. Coniferous plants best for reflecting a Christmas theme. They serve as an excellent material for decorating winter holidays. The aroma of pine needles itself creates an upbeat festive mood, and traditional spruce or compositions of branches and pine needles are an indispensable attribute of New Year's celebrations. In its transformed form, it is used to make various arrangement elements, decorative garlands and wreaths. The prickly texture of pine needles goes well with pine cones, fruits, and glass balls.

Cones most often used in Christmas arrangements. The variety of shapes and sizes, pleasant pine aroma - all this makes them an excellent material for holiday compositions, garlands and wreaths. They are also good for working in the material transformation technique - dense, hard scales can be used to create textures. The cones can also serve as filling for transparent vessels. The natural color of the cones can be replaced with any other using a color aerosol.

Berries. The rich variety of berries in size, color and texture provides a wide choice of options for their use in floristry. There are many berries that retain their decorative properties for quite a long time. Strawberries, cherries, cherries, gooseberries, currants, grapes and other berries go well with flowers and are often used as an accent in a floral arrangement. They are good for creating arrangements in the form style. Berries often serve as material for seasonal compositions in combination with flowers of the corresponding flowering period.

Birch bark has a number unique properties and is loved by many craftsmen for its strength and ductility. It is light, does not rot for a long time, does not get wet, is easy to exfoliate, and has good flexibility. Among other things, birch bark has an antiseptic effect and contains substances that have a beneficial effect on human health. Products made from birch bark - a traditional element in Rus' folk art. In floristry, this material is also used to create a variety of shapes and textures.

Vegetative style call the most natural representation of flowers and plants in a composition. At the same time, the florist, working with the material, must pay Special attention in appearance, growth form and the plant community of plants.

The vegetative style is most characterized by an asymmetrical arrangement. With this arrangement, the largest group plays the dominant role. Balance in the composition is achieved with the help of a slightly smaller, opposite group, which is placed at a distance, and a small, neighboring group is placed closer to the main group. Working in a vegetative style requires particularly careful selection and arrangement: flowers and plants should look natural, as they grow in natural conditions. A vegetative composition can be constructed in various ways.

The best known form is with one point of growth when the material is arranged so that all the lines of the composition visually and actually gather at one point. This point is located in the vase where the plants are located. The visible and directions of movement of plants should not intersect in free space. In this case, intersections of small lines are allowed. This classic form of vegetative style is also called vegetative with a real growth point.

Typically, florists perform an asymmetrical arrangement of three groups: main, opposite and neighboring. In this case, the growth point of these three groups of different sizes should in no case be in the center of the vase. It should be moved sideways, as well as forward or backward from the geometric center.

In another form of vegetative composition, the plants visually seem to diverge from one growth point, which is located not in, but below it. In this case, as a rule, a point is created by the intersection of three or more basis groups. Otherwise, you should adhere to the rules for creating a vegetative form with a real growth point. Florists who have mastered the construction of these forms can give free rein to their