Homemade ceiling fan. Types of ceiling fans - methods of application. Aspects of designing a homemade fan

Installing a fan is a sensitive issue. Before making a fan with your own hands, you need to determine its installation location. The fact is that in the manufacture of structures today two types of engines are used:

collector;
asynchronous.

During operation, collector units emit a lot of noise, and when it switches, a spark occurs. In addition, the movement of the brushes also makes a lot of noise.

Asynchronous motors, which are equipped with a squirrel-cage rotor, are the exact opposite. At self-production For fans, you can use an element from the refrigerator as a starting relay.

Fan Manufacturing Principles

When making a fan yourself, you need to take into account some aspects, the most important of which is noise. To have an idea of the operation of the collector motor, you just need to remember how the Cyclone vacuum cleaner works, its volume is about 70 dB. Based on this, you should consider whether to use such an engine or not. In this regard, it is most realistic to use an asynchronous motor; moreover, when making the simplest fan model, a starting winding is not required. And its power is small, and the secondary EMF is induced by the field from the stator.

The drum in an asynchronous motor has a squirrel-cage rotor with cut copper conductors along the generatrix, passing at an angle relative to the axis. It is this slope that determines the direction of rotation of the rotor in the engine. The copper conductors are not insulated from the drum material, since they have a conductivity that is superior to the surrounding material, and the potential difference between adjacent conductors is small. And due to this, a current flows through the copper. The stator and rotor are not connected to each other by contacts, and therefore no spark occurs, since the wire is covered with varnish insulation. That's why the noise asynchronous motor determined by the following factors:

ratio of stator and rotor;
quality of bearing elements.

With proper configuration of an asynchronous motor, silent operation of the motor can be achieved. Well, what if we're talking about about how to properly make a duct fan with your own hands, then you can allow the installation of a commutator motor, but taking into account where the section will be located.

The duct fan is installed in the air duct section itself and is located in the center of the duct. For this reason, when a fan is made in an air duct, noise does not play a special role, since the sound wave attenuates while it passes through the duct.

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To make a fan yourself, you need to purchase a model of a kitchen or bathroom fan, the one that is mounted to the hood. The box from under it will also come in handy, and you will also need:

scissors;
net;
glue or tape.

Fan installation diagram.

The structure will be powered from the network, but will consume little electricity. To begin with, take a box and do it in it through hole. The design of the fan for cylindrical hoods will also be the basis for the shape of the hole.

Subsequently, a fan will be installed in this hole. The hole is cut with a smaller diameter than the structure itself in order to make it more stable and safe. An opening is made on the side of the bottom of the box to allow the cord to exit. To prevent the fan from dangling in the box, you can place cardboard scraps in it and secure it with electrical tape. For safety, a protective mesh is installed on the front part where the blades are located. The denser the mesh in the mesh, the less likely it is to get caught by the blades. Manufacturing homemade fan does not require large expenses, and if you decorate the box, you can get additional element interior arrangement.

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USB fans: features

Such a model will not be easy to make. This is an excellent option for individual cooling when working on a computer. Such a device is obtained with sufficient power, and the energy consumption is not much more. To construct this design you will need:

a couple of CDs for the computer;
cord with USB plug;
wires;
an old motor, the kind usually installed on children's toys;
wine stopper;
cylindrical cardboard;
glue and scissors.

First of all, the disk is cut into blades. The power of the air flow depends on the presence of blades; the more there are, the stronger the blowing will be, but the segments themselves should not be small.

Only one disc is cut, the second will be used as a stand.

To bend the blades, they are heated over a small flame and bent forward at an angle.

They should be turned in one direction. When the disk with blades is ready, a plug is inserted into its center and a hole is made in it.

In order to make the wire usable, the outer winding is removed from one end of the USB cord, under which there are 4 wires. The paired ones can be separated, connected to the motor and insulated.

When producing cheap models, the manufacturer saves on the quality of materials, so they break more often than their more expensive counterparts. If the fan stops working, then do not rush to throw it away, because restoring its functionality in most cases will not require much time and financial costs.

I won't dwell on mechanical failures. such as repair of the impeller, housing, turning mechanism, etc. To eliminate these breakdowns, you simply need to restore the worn or broken part or replace it with a new one. This article will discuss issues related to repairing the electrical part of the fan, in which the electric motor does not turn on or operates with a hum, unpleasant odors scorched or jammed. A more complex floor model will be taken for consideration. Built-in exhaust fans are much simpler in design, due to the absence of a speed switching unit, so they are even easier to repair. But repairs, given the price of a simple model of an exhaust fan without bells and whistles, are impractical.

For that to find the reason If the fan is malfunctioning, it will need to be disassembled. Doing this yourself will be quite simple and quick. First remove the protective grille, then the fan blades or impeller, which is secured with a nut. Next, you need to remove the second part of the protective grille and unscrew the screws of the cover.

Troubleshooting when repairing a household fan

Before you start repairs you need to study with your own hands schematic diagram device operation.

As a rule, an asynchronous electric motor is installed in a floor fan, consisting of eight windings (working and starting). A 90 degree phase shift is required for successful launch. For these purposes, a capacitor is installed. The device starts to work after pressing the power button, after which the indication light lights up and the motor starts, the rotation speed of which depends on the winding switching circuit, for which a 3-speed switch with a mechanical locking of the simultaneous activation of several buttons is responsible, which may cause short circuits.

Before you start checking the motor:

Straightaway it is necessary to check the serviceability of the cord connections to electrical outlet. To do this, you must first disassemble the switch block, and then, in compliance with electrical safety measures, use a multimeter to check the presence of 220 Volts at the contacts of the light bulb.
Check the condition of the capacitor By .
Ring for integrity and check the reliability of all wire contacts and connections in the circuit.
If you hear a hum when the fan is running or noise, then lubricate with Litol or Solid Oil plastic parts inside the gearbox through the holes that are specially provided for this purpose.
Check availability of 220 Volts at the output with the switch button turned on.

Fan motor repair

You need to start repairing the electric motor yourself by lubricating the bearings, very often after this the fan begins to work normally. The motor shaft rotates in plastic bushings. Machine oil is suitable for lubrication - drop a couple of drops of oil at an angle so that it flows into the inside of the bushing, and then rotate the shaft back and forth along the axis until it begins to rotate easily.

Possibility of rotor failure engine is relatively small and in my repair practice household appliances I haven’t encountered it yet, because EMF is induced in the rotor (current arises) under the influence of the stator windings.

Often in electric motors domestic fans a break occurs in one of the stator windings. If even one winding is broken, then the engine will not work at all. To check, simply turn the blades sharply clockwise. Just immediately quickly remove your hand from the blades to avoid injury. If after this the floor fan starts working, it means one of the windings has burned out. Please note that if the winding connected to the capacitor breaks, the fan will not work in any case. To determine the integrity of all windings, I recommend testing them with a multimeter. Please note that the winding resistance should not be too high or zero.

Very important Before disconnecting the wires from the windings, do not confuse them when connecting them, so before removing the wires, apply distinctive markings on them if they are the same color. Before removing wires or starting to disassemble any devices with my own hands, I always take photographs of all stages. If you then have questions or doubts during assembly, then photographs are a great help.

If the stator winding is broken or burnt out Considering the price of a floor or built-in fan, I do not recommend rewinding or repairing the winding. In this case, it is more advisable to buy a new model.

The service life of the fan motor is reduced several times, if you do not periodically clean it from dust and dirt, and also if you do not lubricate the bearings or gearbox.

Related materials:

Hello, the engine is noisy but does not turn over.

Victoria:

Hello. Help me please. The floor fan broke, and I, pregnant, am dying from the heat. It worked, and then it just started humming and the impeller wouldn't spin. What to do?
Yuri:

It's a shame! I didn't do anything... I read the instructions, dripped some oil and the fan started working like new. Thank you!
Andrey:

Good day! I read the entire thread and to be honest, I saw only one similarity with my problem, but I’m not completely sure.
So there was a fan, an ordinary kEtai. I bought it when I was in Bulgaria, brought it home. It worked... Then it stopped starting, it hummed when turned on and started only with the pusher. It spun and then began to stop sometimes. It helped to stop again with the pusher, but with turning on overdrive) 2 or 3. Then I disassembled it, washed it and lubricated it. It started working without a pusher, but with a loss of power in all modes. At speed 3 it works like at speed 1 approximately.
I have two options. Either a capacitor or one winding. I haven’t figured out how to ring it yet. Thanks in advance
Marseilles:

Hello! I have this problem, the fan was spinning, then I turned it off, moved it to another room, after a couple of hours I turn it on, and suddenly it spins slowly, after a couple of minutes it stopped spinning altogether, the motor inside works, but the fan itself does not spin. What could be wrong? problem? What do you recommend?
Anonymous:

Hello! I have this problem. Vitek floor fan, when turned on, two indicators on/speed and mode light up simultaneously. And the fan turns off. Please tell me what could be the problem.
Victor:

Good afternoon Very good, solid article) The essence of my not simple problem is this: the children knocked over the fan, thereby damaging the motor windings with the rotor. Result: multiple breaks in the windings. Due to a limited budget and sporting interest, I want to rewind the engine. At least even at one speed. Do you have any useful articles at your disposal?
Conventional floor fan Chinese delfa 40W. Motor with 8 windings, three speeds. What surprised me: the winding wire is aluminum. I myself am a winder of transformers, but I have no experience with motors. Please help. Thank you in advance!
Victor:

I’m also interested in whether there is anywhere approximate data on the number of turns of windings (maybe you’ve seen it?). Otherwise, it is no longer possible to count by eye.
Ilya:

Hello, I bought a fan, assembled it at home and turned it on, it seemed to me that it was working quite noisier than the one that was on the sample in the store and I noticed that the motor shaft (to which the blades are screwed) gets very hot, after about half an hour of operation the shaft becomes very hot, It’s impossible to say that it’s really hot outside and at home. Is this normal or should this iron pin not get hot at all?
Experienced Electrician:

All people create comfortable living conditions for themselves in different ways - some, without further ado, install air conditioning, others are content with ordinary fans, while others get original and, reinventing the wheel, try to assemble a ceiling fan with their own hands. In this article we will talk about how to install a ceiling fan yourself - not only that, we will get acquainted with the varieties of these devices, study their features and much more.

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Use these instructions to learn how to install a DIY ceiling fan. All you need to complete this project is a helper and a few simple tools.

Turn off the electricity

As a safety precaution, always turn off the electrical outlet before attempting any electrical work. Make sure you attach a note in bold letters to the breaker box: "Don't touch. I work with electricity.".

Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully and assemble all necessary tools.

Install the support brace

Attach a support brace between the beams on the ceiling where you want to install the fan, as it can weigh up to 23kg. If the ceiling is covered with plasterboard, it is necessary to gain access to the main ceiling to attach a brace for stability and cut a piece of drywall to fit the junction box.

Attach the fan bracket

With the lamp removed, attach the ceiling fan bracket by simply screwing it to the junction box with a couple of screws.

Determining the connection and installation of the motor

Identify the wiring that comes out of the box. In this case, you should work with bare copper wire, as well as black (phase) and white neutral (neutral) wires. They will supply electricity to the fan. There is also a green wire that relates to itself.

Place the fan motor in the sleeve bearing.

Match the wires and attach the cover

Match the wires from the junction box to the wires from the ceiling fan, following the manufacturer's instructions and twisting them together. Secure the ends together with decorative caps.

Place the wires back in junction box and attach the cover. Thread through keyways screws so that the cover is held in place. Then secure the screws and thread the removable rim (trimming ring) through them until they are completely closed.

Read in this publication:
Types of ceiling fans: what they are and where they are used
Ceiling Fan: Additional Functionality
How to install a ceiling fan with your own hands: installation features

The summer heat makes a person look differently at his environment - if in winter period Few people think about the issue of lowering the air temperature in an apartment or house, but in the summer this issue becomes very relevant. Traditionally, it is solved by installing an air conditioner, but besides it, there are a number of other devices that allow you to reduce the air temperature in the room - this is a fan, which can be portable, floor or ceiling. In this article we will talk about this type of ceiling device - together with the site stroisovety.org we will study its varieties, get acquainted with their features and consider the question of how to install a ceiling fan with your own hands?

Installation of ceiling fans photo

If we consider the ceiling fan globally and do not get into such differences as power and design, then all existing models can be divided into five groups.

Domestic ceiling fans. Their main difference is their attractive design. They can be used not only for cooling air in residential premises, but also in gazebos and generally wherever there is a roof or ceiling to which it can be attached.
Industrial ceiling fans. We can say that this is the complete antipode of household devices of this type - beauty and design fade into the background here, and power, durability and reliability come forward. Such units are used in most cases in industrial workshops, warehouses and various public buildings.
How to make a ceiling fan with your own hands photo
Outdoor fans. Yes, it is difficult to find a ceiling on the street, but nevertheless such devices exist and they are installed either on special racks or in gazebos and pavilions, the roof of which is formed by a frame for climbing plants. The main difference between fans of this type is the degree of dust and moisture protection - such fans are reliably protected from almost any aggressive natural factors.
Energy saving ceiling fans. The only thing that distinguishes them from standard devices of this type, these are ultra-economical motors with low electrical energy consumption - their whole secret lies in the internal filling.
Universal ceiling fans. They can work in any type of premises and in any weather - with equal success they can be used both in workshops and warehouses, and in living rooms, as well as on the street.

Naturally, these are not all the differences that ceiling fans can boast of.

For example, a separate category can be allocated combined devices of this type. For domestic and industrial needs, quite often such devices combine both a chandelier and a fan - for rooms this is generally perfect option. In addition, almost all of the ceiling-type fan installations listed above may differ in a different set of functionality - we should talk about this in a little more detail, which we will do next.

DIY ceiling fan photo

Ceiling Fan: Additional Functionality

Before purchasing and installing a ceiling fan with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with additional features of these devices - according to by and large, they are not small, and their presence will not harm anyone. Quite the contrary - every additional quality will greatly simplify the life of the owner of such an installation. Some of the most commonly used fan add-ons include the following features.

Remote controller remote control. No comments here, since people have been accustomed to various types of remote controls for a long time.
Motion Sensor. This device allows you to turn on the fan when a person appears in the room - this sensor detects the movement and starts the fan motor to work. Likewise, it turns off the device when the sensor stops detecting movement for a certain period of time.
Air ionizer - it is also sometimes called an air purification fan, although this is not entirely correct. Special device saturates the air in the room with ions, thanks to which it acquires the smell of a thunderstorm or rain - thus the coolness is felt many times more.
Programmable timer - this device allows you to set the time to turn the fan on and off for 24 hours and seven days a week. For example, in order to save energy, you can program the fan operation cycle - we work for half an hour, rest for half an hour. Also, with this device you will be able to come home after work and find yourself in a cool and ventilated room.
Connecting a ceiling fan photo
A humidity sensor is essential when installing a ceiling fan in a bathroom. You set normal humidity levels, and the fan does not turn off until excess moisture vapor is removed from this room.

All these additions have one wonderful point - even if they are not included in the ceiling fan model you like, they can always be purchased separately and integrated into the device through simple manipulations.

For any electrician this is a very simple matter. Alternatively, upon purchase of this device To ventilate the room, you can order the necessary set of functional additions.

How to install a ceiling fan with your own hands: installation features

Have you ever installed a chandelier yourself? If yes, then solving the question of how to install a ceiling fan with your own hands will not cause you any problems. Everything is extremely simple and clear, and the entire installation process of this device can be divided into two parts.

Mounting the fan to the ceiling. Everything here is elementary, and almost all available fan models can be attached to the ceiling in two ways - exactly the same as a chandelier. In one case, when the device is heavy, installation on a hook is provided. And in the second situation, a U-shaped or cross bracket is used. In the first option, a hole is punched in the slab into which a special hook is embedded - alternatively, you can use an anchor hook on which a ceiling fan is hung. In the second situation, instead of a hook, a bracket is mounted using special metal dowels, to which the fan is attached using two or four decorative screws.
Connecting the device to electrical wiring. Here the fan also has few differences compared to the chandelier. You can even say that its installation is simpler, since there is no need to divide the light bulbs into switching groups - there are simply none. There are only three wires here, which need to be connected to the apartment electrical wiring. First (green or yellow color) is grounding. If the apartment does not have it, then the wiring can be insulated and not taken into account at all. The other two wires are phase and neutral, which must be connected to the corresponding wiring wires.
How to install a ceiling fan photo

Things are somewhat more complicated with connecting a fan combined with a chandelier. In principle, there is nothing complicated here, if you figure out which wires belong to which device - usually this point is marked, but if there are no marks, then everything can be determined experimentally. In addition, every manufacturer that respects itself and its consumers completes its devices with instructions according to which almost every person can connect ceiling fans.

It should also be mentioned that there may be two schemes for connecting the fan to the power supply network - in one case they are connected to the wiring according to the chandelier principle (they need a separate switch), and in the other case they can be connected according to the sconce principle (they do not need a separate switch). needed).

The shutdown device is built into the fan and controlled via a remote control. Considering that remote controls tend to get lost, it is better to resort to a connection diagram that involves using a separate switch - in this situation, you can use both the key and the remote control. It turns out to be a kind of universal option.

And to conclude the topic about how to make a ceiling fan with your own hands, I will say a few words about connecting the device with additional accessories– they scare many people, especially if the fan is sold completely disassembled, which happens quite often. Let's face it - if this scares you, then hire a specialist, and best of all, buy a fan with an assembled electrical circuit. As a rule, such devices for ventilation of rooms have only a couple of wires at the output, which were mentioned above.

Author of the article Alexander Kulikov

To create coolness in the room, engineers have come up with a lot of varieties of climate control equipment, among which air conditioning is the clear favorite. But this device is quite expensive and requires certain conditions for installation.

The cheapest and affordable alternative The air conditioner is a regular and familiar fan. This device has a lot of variations and solutions: tabletop, floor, wall and ceiling, bladeless, etc. In addition, this is enough functional device, combining high performance, functionality and attractive design.

Each type of such device has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this publication I would like to touch upon the topic of using ceiling fans for apartments, houses, hotels and other non-industrial premises.

A little history

The prototype of the first device that turns mechanical energy The fan, invented in ancient China, became part of the air currents.

All devices that were subsequently used to create directional air movement were only an improved version of the fan. A breakthrough was made in the USA in 1860, when the first two-bladed ceiling fan was invented. To set the blades in motion, a system of belts was used, which were driven by a water wheel.

Due to the fact that this invention was the only salvation for residents of the hot climate of the southern states, water-powered fans gained immense popularity.

Varieties and types

All ceiling fans can be classified by purpose, shape and position of the impeller and installation.

According to their purpose, such devices are usually divided into mixing and retracting. Based on the shape of the impeller, they are distinguished as axial and centrifugal. Blade devices are usually called axial, and turbine devices are called centrifugal.

Centrifugal fans, due to their design features, have quite large dimensions and are not used in residential premises.

The bulk of models that are present on the domestic market of climate control equipment are suspended from the ceiling using a special fastener or built into a prepared hole in a suspended or suspended ceiling.

Suspension devices for ceiling mounting

A modern ceiling fan is a device suspended or built into the ceiling, equipped with an impeller to create air flow or mixing air masses. The material used to make the blades can be different: plastic, metal, wood and even glass. The device is driven by a built-in electric motor, with a supply voltage of 12 or 220 V, depending on the purpose.

Any modern ceiling fan is usually equipped with an impeller speed control. Many manufacturers have significantly expanded the capabilities regular fan, adding the following functionality:

Possibility of working in reverse mode.
Equipped with a presence sensor that turns on the device in the presence of a person and turns it off when there is no one in the room.
Equipped with a variable pitch propeller system (variable pitch propeller), in which the performance is adjusted depending on the rotation of the blades.
Availability of lighting built into the device.

The performance of such a device varies depending on the angle of rotation of the blade and the speed of rotation of the impeller. On average, the rotation speed of a household three-speed ceiling fan is 110/170/2350 rpm. Hanging fans are mounted by attaching a mounting plate with a J-hook to the ceiling, at a height of at least 2 m 15 cm.

The scope of application of such devices is very large: apartments, cottages, office rooms, children's institutions, shopping centers, hotels and places Catering, etc.

Exhaust units for ceiling mounting

The main purpose of such devices is to force air out of the room.

It is the purpose of such fans that determines their installation method. As a rule, all exhaust fans are built-in models that are mounted in a pendant or suspended ceiling, and are connected to the exhaust ventilation system of the house through a flexible air duct. In private houses, quite often the air duct is routed under the eaves of the roof, where it is connected to a decorative grille.

Built-in blades exhaust devices, usually protected by a decorative grille and insect net, which creates comfort and safety in their use. Advantages of such fans:

From 3 to 5 impeller rotation speeds.
High performance with low noise levels (25 – 40 dB)
Possibility of continuous use for a complete replacement of the exhaust ventilation system dwellings.
Nice design.

In addition, many models are equipped with automatic fan control units, IR presence sensors, etc.

Most often, an exhaust ceiling fan is used for the bathroom or kitchen in apartments and private houses.

The first such device appeared in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century.

Since there were no alternatives to the fan at that time, there was high competition among manufacturers of these devices. To win the competition, some companies equipped their models with a lighting system. This is how the fan chandelier appeared, which is successfully used today.

A modern chandelier-fan allows you to cool and ventilate the room, effectively combining the function lighting fixture. Such devices have from 3 to 11 lamps, which are part of the body or built into the blades, and are practically no different in functionality from conventional pendant models.

They have several rotation speeds.
Can be used separately as a fan and as a chandelier.
They can be turned on from the switch for overhead lighting provided in our apartments.

In addition, some models are equipped with remote controls and built-in dimers.

You should know that such products are very sensitive to moisture, so they are not intended for installation in bathrooms, showers, baths and saunas.

Most often, chandelier fans are installed in living rooms, bedrooms and kitchens. In addition, these devices are very often used in children's institutions, hotels and office premises.

"Do it yourself"

Our man is not used to spending money on something he can do himself. This fact leaves no doubt that with a little imagination and available materials, you can quite easily make a ceiling fan with your own hands.

However, to create such a masterpiece you will need a motor and an impeller, not counting the wiring, fastenings, etc. The motor from the processor cooling cooler is a pamper. It can be used for a table fan, since the diameter of its blades is not enough to create an air flow from the ceiling.

You can use the engine from the old one washing machine, but if not properly secured, such a device can cause serious injury. You can use the motor and impeller from a broken Chinese floor fan, whose weakest point is the stand. But we still do not recommend making this device yourself.

It is best to purchase a ready-made device in a store. This is not difficult at its relatively low cost.

Many users complain about vibration, which is inherent to one degree or another in all devices that use the principle of rotation.

That is why owners of such equipment often ask the question: “How to balance a ceiling fan?” Balancing is done using a special tool, which, when rotated, shows where the impeller is overweight. In that place it is necessary to drill a hole to reduce its weight. It greatly affects the vibration and angle of rotation of the blades.

You should know that to create optimal air circulation with minimal vibration, the angle of rotation of the blades relative to the horizon should be 12°.