Abstract of an integrated educational activity on cognitive development on the topic: Journey to the world of plants"
Purpose of the material: This material is a summary of an integrated educational activity for introducing children of senior preschool age to the world of plants. The material allows you to systematize children’s knowledge about the structure and forms of plants, and introduce them to the diversity of representatives of the plant world. The material will be useful to kindergarten teachers, as well as primary school teachers.Lesson topic: "Journey to the world of plants"
Purpose of the lesson: formation of ideas about the structural features of various plant forms;
Tasks:
Educational:
- systematize children’s knowledge about the general and distinctive features of the structure of plants;
- consolidate children’s knowledge about various forms of plants (tree, bush, herbaceous plant);
- introduce children to the diversity of representatives of the plant world;
Educational:
- develop logical thinking - the ability to compare objects;
- developing coherent speech - the ability to give a complete and substantiated answer to the question posed;
Educators:
-we continue to instill in children the skills to follow the rules of behavior in nature:
- we cultivate a caring attitude towards plants;
Integration of educational areas: " Cognitive development", "Social and communicative development", "Speech development", "Artistic and aesthetic development";
Materials and equipment:
For the teacher:
- presentation and multimedia equipment;
- Pinocchio toy;
- demonstration cards - diagrams with an incorrect image of a tree, bush, herbaceous plant
(see Appendix No. 1);
For children:
- red and green circles;
- handout cards - models on the topic - "Plant forms" (see Appendix No. 2);
- sheets of paper, wax crayons, colour pencils;
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS:
1. Introductory part. Didactic exercise "What's extra?"
Children are sitting on the carpet. Buratino comes to visit the guys. He turns to them with a request: to teach him to play the game “What’s extra?”, because when they play with Malvina, he always loses and Malvina laughs at him!
The teacher invites the children to show Pinocchio how to reason in this game in order to give the correct answer. Sample tasks for the exercise:
- pine, raven, birch, dandelion;
- hare, Christmas tree, snowdrop, oak;
- bell, bee, rowan, rose;
Pinocchio answers the questions of the assignment, deliberately getting confused, the children correct his mistakes. The teacher summarizes Pinocchio's mistakes and informs him that he gives incorrect answers because he knows little about plants. Invites the children to help Pinocchio and tell him everything they know about plants.
2. Main part. "Journey into the world of plants"
A. Conversation with children on the topic “What do you know about plants”
The teacher talks with the children about who plants are, how they live, and why a person cannot live without plants. Questions for the conversation:
- Why do you think plants are called so - plants?
- What plants do you know?
- Can a plant live without sun, without water?
- How do new plants appear?
- Why do people plant plants so often?
- Why doesn’t the tree fall?
- What do all plants have in common?
During the conversation, the teacher encourages the use of complex sentences, seeking a complete answer to the question. When answering the last question, Pinocchio enters into a dialogue, saying that he did not really understand about the root, the stem.... The teacher invites the children to go on a virtual journey into the world of plants, which will help find answers to the questions that interest Pinocchio. Offers to take seats in the "auditorium"
B. Working with presentation slides "Journey into the world of plants"
Children sit on chairs in front of the screen. The teacher tells them that before going on a trip, they need to remember the rules of behavior in nature.
(slide No. 2 is projected onto the screen - “Rules of behavior in nature”, which depicts prohibitory signs on the topic - what should not be done in nature)
The teacher and the children remember these rules:
- you cannot make a fire in the forest:
- you cannot catch and bring home insects;
- you can’t trample mushrooms;
- you can’t pick flowers;
- you cannot cut down trees in the forest;
- you cannot litter in nature;
The teacher asks Pinocchio and the children to remember these rules and not break them! Offers to go on a trip
(on the screen - slide No. 3, which depicts a spruce)
Educator: Look, guys, here is our first meeting. Do you recognize this plant? (children’s answers). What shape is a spruce plant? (If the children find it difficult to answer this question, the teacher asks leading questions) They come to the conclusion that it is a tree. Pinocchio doesn't understand why they decided this. The teacher offers to go further to visit the apple tree and get acquainted with the structure of the trees.
(on the screen is slide No. 4 - “Structure of a tree”, which shows a color picture of an apple tree and next to it a diagram of the structure of a tree, where the main parts of the structure of the tree are indicated using colored arrows)
The teacher and the children find out that the tree has a root (red arrow), a trunk (brown arrow), branches (orange arrow), leaves (green arrow) and flowers (pink arrow). Asks Buratino to repeat. And so that he and the guys don’t get confused, he suggests playing the game “What’s extra?”
(on the screen is slide No. 5 - d/u "What's extra?", which shows pictures of pine, chestnut, pyramidal poplar and dandelion).
Children, together with Pinocchio, determine that the picture with a dandelion under the number 4 is superfluous, since this plant is not a tree.
The teacher offers to go further.
(on the screen is slide number 6 - “Shrubs”, which depicts a lilac bush)
Educator: Here another plant meets us. Did you recognize him? (lilac) Tell me, Buratino, do you think lilac is also a tree?
Pinocchio: Of course, a tree! Look, it has a trunk, and leaves, and flowers!
Educator: Guys, what do you think? Is Pinocchio right? Let's figure it out, get to know one more plant - a rose that grows in the garden.
(on the screen is slide No. 7 - “Structure of shrubs”, on which there is a picture with a color image of a rose bush and a diagram of the structure of shrubs)
The teacher and the children look at the diagram and determine that such plants also have a root.
(red arrow), leaves (green arrow), flowers (pink arrow), branches (orange arrow). Draws children's attention that there are a lot of brown arrows in the diagram - this means these plants have a lot of trunks. Reports that such plants are called shrubs.
They conclude: trees have one trunk, but bushes have many!
Offers to look at the next slide and determine which of the plants on this slide is superfluous.
(on the screen is slide No. 8 - d/u "What's extra?", on which in frames different color depicts pictures of sea buckthorn, rose hips, viburnum and chamomile)
Pinocchio and the boys determine that the extra picture is the picture in the yellow frame - a daisy. Pinocchio expresses doubt that he cannot understand what kind of plants these are - chamomile, dandelion... And not a tree, not a bush!? The teacher promises to help figure everything out if they go further. Shows the next frame
(on the screen slide No. 9 - clearing with anemone)
Educator: Oh, guys, look what a beautiful clearing! But, before we go further, let's remember the rules of behavior in nature. Let's play a little. Take the red and green circles that are on your table and stand one after another.
B. Outdoor game "Stop! Do no harm!"
Rules of the game: Children and Pinocchio begin to move through an imaginary forest. At the teacher's signal -
“Stop!”, they stop and evaluate the situation proposed by the teacher. If the situation does not harm nature, they show a green circle and continue moving. If a situation harms nature, they show a red circle, stop and find the right solution.
Example situations:
- there is a path in the forest in front of us, can we follow it?
- there is a whole clearing of bluebells in front of us, can we walk straight along it;
- there is a broken tree branch in front of us, can we pass by;
- there is a fallen tree in front of us, can we sit down to rest;
- a fire is burning under a tree in front of us, what should we do;
- we met a girl with a large bouquet of lilies of the valley, can we go further;
At the end of the game, the teacher praises the children and invites them to return to the “auditorium” and continue the virtual journey
(on the screen slide number 10 - which shows a clearing with tricolor violet)
Pinocchio: Well, again it’s not clear! Either a tree or a bush!
Educator: Don't rush, Pinocchio! Let's figure it out now!
(on the screen is slide No. 11 - “Structure of herbaceous plants”, on which there is a color picture of a violet and a diagram of the structure of herbaceous plants)
The teacher draws attention to the diagram, asks to find arrows of familiar color, and to remember what part of the plant they represent. They find out that these plants also have a root, leaves, flowers and a trunk, only the trunk is not similar to those that the tree and shrub had. It is very thin, similar to a blade of grass. In these plants, the trunk is called a stem, and plants with such stems are called herbaceous plants. He invites Pinocchio to play the game "What's extra?"
(on the screen is slide No. 12 - D/u "What's extra?", which shows pictures - rose, bell, clover, cornflowers. The pictures are numbered.)
Pinocchio gives the correct answer: the extra one is plant number 1 - a rose. The teacher asks the children to evaluate Buratino's answer and once again justify his choice.
The teacher sums it up: plants are different.
1. There are trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants.
2. All plants have a root, trunk or stem, branches, leaves, flowers
Educator: Guys, to make it easier for you to remember the shapes of plants, I came up with “reminder” cards for you. They are on your table. The cards are the same as on my screen
(on the screen slide number 13 - “plant forms”)
Educator: Take the cards and show which card will depict a tree, which one will depict a shrub, which one will depict a herbaceous plant? Now let's play with the cards.
D. Didactic exercise "Tree, bush, herbaceous plant"
(children stand freely in a group)
The teacher names different plants, children must determine the shape of the plant and show the corresponding card. For example: birch, dandelion, rose hip, bell, pine, etc.
Educator: We met different plants and determined what they have in common and how they differ. But there are plants that are very unusual and often do not look like them! Do you want to look at them? Take your seats in the auditorium
(on screen slide number 14 - Unusual plants", which shows a picture of a plant - rafflesia)
Educator: This is unusual plant called rafflesia. It has no green leaves or roots. Rafflesia lives at the expense of other plants. It sticks to their roots. Rafflesia has a very large flower. Its diameter is almost 1 meter, and it blooms for only 3-4 days. The smell of this flower is disgusting, it smells like rotten meat. Thus, rafflesia attracts flies that carry its seeds.
Here is another unusual plant.
(on the screen slide number 15 - "Venus's slipper")
Educator: This plant is called Lady's slipper. Look what unusual flower. It is shaped like a shoe. And its bright color and shape of the petals resembles a butterfly. There is such a legend: butterflies landed on a flower of a plant and were so saturated with its nectar that they became heavy and could not fly, but turned into such beautiful flower!
(on the screen slide number 16 - "Cactus")
Educator: You probably recognized this plant. It's called a cactus. Here they grow in pots, but in nature cacti grow in rocky deserts. Cacti have no leaves, they have turned into spines. This way the plant is saved from extreme heat, and water accumulates in the trunks of the cacti. This helps the plant survive drought.
There are many more interesting plants, but we'll talk about that next time.
Now I want to check how you remember what parts plants have. I suggest you draw any plant, but make sure it is drawn correctly. Let's remember what plants have. Children, together with Pinocchio, remember parts of plants - roots, stems or trunks, branches, leaves, flowers.
D. Drawing "Draw without mistakes"
Children independently choose what they will draw and what materials they need for this.
After the children completed the work, Buratino says that he also drew and shows his drawings.
3. Final part. D/u "Correct Pinocchio's mistakes"
The teacher, together with the children, examines Pinocchio’s drawings (see Appendix No. 1), identifies errors: the root is not drawn, the trunk, leaves are not drawn, etc.
At the end of the lesson, the teacher asks Pinocchio whether he liked the lesson. Praises children and their work. Shows the last slide of the presentation, on which plants ask children not to offend them!
Appendix No. 1 - "Correct Pinocchio's mistakes" (see slide No. 17)
Appendix No. 2 - "Plant forms" (see slide No. 13)
"considered"
Head of the Ministry of Defense:
________________
Pekhova N.A.
"____" September 2016
" "agreed"
________________
Nurmukhambetova E.V.
"____" September 2016
"Approved"
Lyceum directors:
Director of the Lyceum:
________________
Zhedouova N.K.
"____" September 2016
Mini course program
"Journey into the world of plants"
Job title: biology teacher
Place of work: State Lyceum of Aksu
The program provides for the study of the world of plants by fifth and sixth grade students, broadening their horizons in the field of biology, developing skills in caring for plants, developing a caring attitude towards the environment, increasing motivation for a healthy lifestyle, consolidating speech skills, improving the ability to make observations, work with information sources, make messages, document the results of your activities.
The program is developed in accordance with the requirements of correctional and developmental work. The study of the material is carried out systematically, sequentially, from simple to complex. This course places great emphasis on practical significance plants, their influence on human health, the role of plants in nature and relationships with other organisms.
An integral part of the program is the study of indoor plants, how to care for them, and their effect on humans. The program provides for the formation of general educational intellectual skills: analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions.
Propaedeutics of biological knowledge in the 5th grade contributes to the assimilation of knowledge by students in the 6th grade.
Target: introducing students to the world of plants, its diversity, the importance of plants in nature and human life,
using plants to improve health and create a favorable psychological climate.
Tasks:
1. Prepare students to study biology.
2. Broaden your horizons in the field of biological knowledge.
3. Increase motivation for studying biology.
4. To form general educational intellectual skills.
5. Strengthen the skills of correct, beautiful speech; the ability to speak clearly, clearly, intelligibly.
Forms of classes:
* journey
* competition
* presentation
* quiz
* excursion
* live newspaper
Forms of work:
* Practical work
* Independent work
* Observation
* Experiment
* Individual work
* Group work
Methods:
Free choice (free conversation; choice of method of action; choice of method of interaction).
Active methods(students in the role of teacher; discussion, debate, role-playing game; student as researcher).
Methods aimed at self-knowledge and development (intelligence, emotions, communication, imagination, self-esteem and mutual assistance).
Techniques:
Demonstration of natural objects, tables, diagrams, illustrations, etc.
Expected result:
students mastering knowledge about plant life, plant care skills, and growing plants;
careful treatment of plants;
the ability to conduct observations and document the results of one’s work;
establish cause-and-effect relationships, generalize and draw conclusions.
Criteria for monitoring:
Mastering knowledge about plant life;
Development of plant care skills;
Mastery of skills:
monitor plants;
document the results of your work;
Establish cause-and-effect relationships, generalize, draw conclusions.
Calendar and thematic planning of the minicourse “Journey to the world of plants.”
| Lesson topic | Form classes |
|
| Introductory lesson to the course | Questionnaire |
|
| Residents of the Plant Kingdom | ||
| Lower Plants | journey |
|
| « World of Plants" | ||
| Virtual tour |
||
| Flowers and inflorescences | Competition |
|
| Propagation of indoor plants | workshop |
|
| What have we learned about plants? | Pre-protection of projects |
|
| Protection of scientific projects | Project protection |
Literature:
- I'm exploring the world. Plants: encyclopedia /author - comp. L.A. Bagrova.- M.; AST Guardian, 2008.
- Indoor plants in your home. - M.; OLMA-PRESS Grand, 2005.
- The secret language of flowers. - S.-Pb.; Publishing house "Trigon", 2004.
- Plants. Complete encyclopedia. M.; Eksmo, 2007.
- Atlas of indoor plants. Limarenko A. Yu., Paleeva T. V. - S.-Pb.; Owl. M., Eksmo, 2003.
- Botany for teachers. Yakovlev G. P., Averyanov L. V. - M.; Enlightenment, 1996.
- Encyclopedia of living nature. - M.; AST-PRESS, 1999.
- Secrets of living nature. - M.; Rosman, 1996.
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Presentation on the topic: Journey into the world of plants
Slide no. 1
Slide description:
Journey into the world of plants We are surrounded by the green world of plants. Without them we could not exist. More primitive was interested flora. Learning the world, he extracted from it great benefit for myself. People used some plants for cooking, others for building housing, others for making tools, and others for decorating rooms or for treating various diseases. Bread, fruits, vegetables and much more that a person cannot do without are obtained from plants. Gradually, humanity accumulated knowledge about plant life, which served as the basis for the creation of the science of plant life - botany. The founder of botanical science is considered to be the ancient Greek scientist naturalist Theophrastus, who lived in 370-286 BC. He was a student and follower of the famous thinker Aristotle. Theophrastus was the first to distinguish botany as an independent science, separating it from zoology. He was the first to systematize and combine scattered observations about plant life and the results of practice into a unified system of botanical knowledge.
Slide no. 2
Slide description:
Scientists were interested not only general issues botany, and also individual aspects of plant life. Therefore, general botany began to be divided into special sciences. General botany Currently, a lot is known about plant life, but this does not mean that all issues have already been resolved. Botanists are busy solving many problems in studying the planet's vegetation. Every day they open the door to the mysterious and fascinating world of plants and learn a lot of interesting things. Many of us had no idea how diverse plants are. Let's take a short excursion into this interesting and mysterious world.
Slide no. 3
Slide description:
Records of the plant world. A strange tree. The African baobab (Adansonia digitata, from the bombax family) is considered one of the “fattest” trees in the world. The diameter of the trunk of the largest described baobab was about 9 m. However, the diameter of the common edible European chestnut (Castanea sativa, chestnut family), growing on Mount Etna in Sicily, in 1845 had a trunk of 64 m in girth, which was about 20 .4 m in diameter. The age of this giant was estimated at 3600–4000 years. In Mexico, giant water cypresses (Taxodium mucronatum) grow - gymnosperms from the cypress order, with a trunk diameter of 10.9 to 16.5 m. One African legend says: “When God created the baobab, he planted it in moist soil near the river . However, the tree began to complain of dampness, and God transplanted it to the top of the mountain. Unfortunately, he didn’t like it there either. Then the Lord became angry, tore the baobab out of the ground and threw it away. The tree fell on the dry soil of the savannah and has been growing there with its roots up ever since.” There is some truth in every fairy tale. Indeed, it grows in the savannas of Africa unusual tree- baobab. When the leaves fall from it during the dry season, the baobab looks absolutely fantastic; at first glance it seems that it grows upside down. Baobab
Slide no. 4
Slide description:
Everything about the baobab is strange: flowers appear on it when there are no leaves. On long stalks, balls - buds - hang from bare branches, which open in the evening or at night. Large white flowers with a strong aroma appear. Large, waxy flowers emit a strange aroma, a bit like the smell of musk. The baobab tree blooms for the first time in its eighth to tenth year of life. More than a hundred flowers bloom overnight on the old baobab tree. Their sweet nectar attracts galago lemurs and fruit bats. They flock to the reserve in anticipation of the feast the bats, they pollinate flowers, licking nectar and transfer pollen. In the morning the flowers fade. The leaves will soon turn yellow and fall off, and the fruits will ripen only at the height of the dry season. Oval black baobab fruits, 50 cm long and up to 30 cm wide, hang on long stalks. They are covered with a thick, hairy skin, and the inside is filled with pulp with many small grains. The pulp has a pleasant sweetish taste, and the natives use it to make a drink similar to lemonade. Salads are prepared from gray baobab leaves, and dried leaves are used for seasoning. BAOBAB is a tree of the bombax family, characteristic of the savannahs of Africa. The trunk has a circumference of up to 25 m (sometimes up to 40 m). Lives up to 5 thousand years. The fruits are edible. Rope and coarse fabrics are made from bark fibers. Bred in the tropics. Baobab
Slide no. 5
Slide description:
The secret of the Amazonian night The largest leaves with a single blade have the Amazonian water lily - Victoria Amazonica (Victoria amazonica, synonym - Victoria regia, from the water lily family). Their diameter reaches 2 m, and the maximum “load capacity” with a uniform load is 80 kg. They are like huge frying pans, curved at the edges, have thick veins, in the recesses between which air bubbles are trapped. A leaf reaches enormous size not due to an increase in the number of cells, but due to the growth of each cell. In the flowers of many tropical plants during flowering, heat. For example, in the middle of the flower of the herbaceous plant arum, the temperature reaches 40-440C. This phenomenon is also observed in flowers of the famous tropical plant Victoria Region. When breathing in the flowers of these plants, a lot of heat is released. The heart of a flower is very warm
Slide no. 6
Slide description:
In the Nymphaeaceae family, genus Victoria, there are only two species: Amazonian Victoria (Victoria amazonica, synonym Victoria regia) and Victoria cruziana. Both of these species are common in tropical South America. Victoria Amazonis is found along the Amazon River and its tributaries from 3 to 15 degrees south latitude, in Suriname, Brazil, and Bolivia. Victoria Cruza is common in the Parana River basin in Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. Victoria has been grown in the collection of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden since 1864. And the most interesting thing is that every year new plants grown from seeds are planted in the pool of a specially built greenhouse. Sowing begins at the end of January. So the plants you see in the pictures are about five months old. At the height of flowering, gardeners will artificially pollinate the flowers and by autumn new seeds will ripen.
Slide no. 7
Slide description:
A Brazilian fairy tale will help you look at these photographs differently. This happened, as the old sorcerers say, at the dawn of the world in one primitive tribe, in the middle of the year, when the bisexual deity of the Moon was in male form. Wonderful dreams of a divine spouse bewitched the fair-skinned, golden-haired beauty Naya, the daughter of the venerable leader of the tribe. The sages said that the kisses of the bisexual deity transformed the bodies of chosen virgins into light; the scarlet color of the girl’s blood turned pale from his touch. And the deity hid, carrying away the happy lovers in voluptuous embraces, and then left his brides, already deprived of their mortal shell, on the wedding bed of high clouds. This is how stars were born. Naya passionately dreamed of getting rid of the coarse earthly flesh for the sake of eternal divine existence in the sky. At night she ran after the moonbeam, but was always deceived: as soon as she climbed one peak, her light-footed lover was already bending over the next one, and each time he seemed to her more captivating than before. Naya withered in melancholy and torment. The sorcerers even tried to cure the girl, skillfully prepared unknown love drinks for her, and charmed the illness. But nothing helped. Nothing could cure the disease of love. Naya lived only in the hope that the Moon would respond to her prayers, to her passion. The crazy girl spent all her nights among the hills, now stretched out on the moonlit slopes, now climbing up, now sometimes falling off the slope, and laughing, and sobbing, and sometimes singing something in delirium. This is a bud that has not yet blossomed
Slide no. 8
Slide description:
One day, when madness completely clouded her mind, Naya saw the sparkling image of her lover in the serenely calm mirror of a mountain lake. Drawn by love and madness, deceived by the reflection of her ever-eluding lover, she threw herself into the lake, stretching out her arms in anguish to finally embrace her desired one. Many days later, in the dark forests, the people of her tribe fruitlessly searched for the missing Naya. But in those days the gods were kind and merciful . And therefore, the Moon, which gave birth to rivers, fish and aquatic plants, wanted to reward the girl for her terrible sacrifice. No, the bisexual deity did not ascend her to heaven, but turned her into a “star of the waters,” transforming the lily of her soul into a regal flower, a wondrous solemn song of beauty and aroma. The same bud, buds still rising to the surface, a young leaf and an already faded one, leaving under the water and the flower closed forever.... From the snow-white, exhausted body of the unfortunate Indian woman, a mysterious plant emerged; boundless purity loving soul blossomed into a huge fragrant flower, and the pain that tormented the poor girl became thorns guarding it. The generous creator enlarged the leaves of the giant water lily as much as possible so that she could more fully feel the caresses of the moonlight and the gentle touches of her lover.
Slide no. 9
Slide description:
Slide no. 10
Slide description:
An exotic beauty conquers Europe. Among flowering plants, tropical orchids have the longest flowering period. So, some of them have beautiful flowers that delight the eye for 40-50 or even 90 days. There are no more amazing and mysterious plants on earth than orchids. Orchids lead the strangest lifestyle. Majority tropical species grow on trees, using them as support and climbing their trunks above the ground in the fight for light. Others settle on steep cliffs, penetrating cracks between the stones with their roots, where moisture and rotting plant debris accumulate. Some Australian orchids generally lead an underground lifestyle; they never sprout above the surface of the earth, even their flowers are pollinated by underground insects. Among all flowering plants, orchids have the smallest and most numerous seeds, which natural conditions germinate only with the help of mycorrhizal fungi that penetrate the seed at the time of germination.
Slide no. 11
Slide description:
“Divinely beautiful” - this is roughly how the word “orchids” can be translated into Russian. This translation may not be accurate from a linguistic point of view, but it suits these unusually well. beautiful flowers. Even among the bright vegetation of tropical forests, they stand out for their original form, exotic shades, unique aroma. For all this, even in ancient times, the aborigines deified orchids, worshiped them, used them in rituals, considering them mysterious and magical plants.
Slide no. 12
Slide description:
The orchid family has 35 thousand species, so they account for almost a seventh of all flowers on earth. They grow almost everywhere - in the jungle and in the mountains, on tree branches and bare rocks, on land and in water. There are even two types of orchids that spend their entire lives in darkness - they grow and bloom under a layer of soil. The most remarkable part of these plants is undoubtedly their beautiful flowers. If non-flowering orchids can still be mistaken for irises or lilies, then as soon as the flowers appear, they can no longer be confused with any other plants. Orchids are amazingly diverse in shape and color. Among the red, orange, yellow, green, purple, brown, white and blue inflorescences you can find those similar to bees and wasps, butterflies and moths, swans and doves, frogs and lizards. The most small plant fits in a thimble, and the largest, climbing one, reaches 30 meters. A wide range of flower colors - from dazzling white and delicate pink to bright green, dark purple and almost black - is also enriched by various color combinations. There are spotted, striped and intricately colored flowers. In Mexico, for example, the bull's head orchid grows, resembling the head of an animal with dark curled horns. Another orchid, Serapias reedulata, has a long, bright scarlet tongue protruding from the flower. The Ophrys arachnidus flower looks like a large dark spider; swinging in the branches, it can frighten even a person. Orchids of the genus Ophris are generally great “entertainers”: they have learned to cleverly imitate butterflies. A wide range of flower colors - from dazzling white and delicate pink to bright green, dark purple and almost black - is also enriched by various color combinations. There are spotted, striped and intricately colored flowers. In Mexico, for example, the bull's head orchid grows, resembling the head of an animal with dark curled horns. Another orchid, Serapias reedulata, has a long, bright scarlet tongue protruding from the flower. The Ophrys arachnidus flower looks like a large dark spider; swinging in the branches, it can frighten even a person. Orchids of the genus Ophris are generally great “entertainers”: they have learned to cleverly imitate butterflies, bumblebees and even mosquitoes. There are also species whose flowers can be confused with snow-white doves or sparkling hummingbirds.
Slide no. 13
Slide description:
Orchid flowers surprise us not only with their colors, but also with their shape. They consist of six petals arranged in two circles. The three petals of the outer circle are almost identical, but the middle one of the three inner ones is very different from the others. Because of this irregular shape, Goethe called orchids ugly lilies. Of course, one may not agree with such an unflattering epithet, but one cannot argue with the fact that lilies are the closest relatives of orchids. Lilies are strict beauties; their six-petaled flower is considered a model of harmony and mathematical correctness. It has many axes of symmetry, whereas the flowers of their extravagant relatives have only one.
Slide no. 14
Slide description:
Slide no. 15
Slide description:
This is a blade of grass! The smallest tree - the Arctic willow - is no more than a few centimeters high, and the tallest grass in the world is bamboo, which reaches a height of up to several tens of meters. There are about six hundred types of bamboo. This unique plant grows 70 cm per day, and sometimes more. For example, Vietnamese bamboo grows 2 meters in 24 hours. Bamboo grows so fast that you can hear it: the growth of bamboo is accompanied by a muted rustling and crackling sound. The stems of some types of bamboo grow up to 46 meters with a thickness of 25-30 cm, and Java bamboo reaches a height of up to 51 meters. Hundreds of millions of people on the coast Pacific Ocean cannot imagine life without this plant, which serves them as food, provides them with clothes and shoes, building material and medicine, delicacies and beer. For the first two to three years, the wood of the bamboo stem is quite soft, only then does it turn yellow and become so hard that it They make swords that are not inferior in strength to steel ones. When such bamboo is cut, sparks fly from under the ax. Plants bloom irregularly, once every 7, 14, 20, 30 and 39 years. All individuals of the same species bloom in the same year, even if they grow in different parts of the world. This is such an unusual plant. The fastest growth rate has one of the relatives of bamboo - the edible grass (Phyllostachys edulis), which grows wild in southern China. The daily growth of shoots of this plant reaches 40 cm, i.e. 1.7 cm per hour. In just a few months, the leaf-grass grows to a height of 30 meters, reaching 50 cm in diameter. Bamboo
Slide no. 16
Slide description:
Did you know that... The largest fruits in the world grow on the herbaceous plant of the common pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) - they can weigh more than 92 kg. In addition to sugar beets, a lot of sugar is obtained from sugar cane, the pulp of the stems of which contains 18% and more sugar. There is also a sugar maple that grows in North America, sweet sorghum, grown in China, sugar palm, which grows in Indochina and on the islands of the Malay Archipelago. Sugar-bearing plants include watermelon and melon. There is a “candy tree”, or “sweet tooth”. The fruits of this tree sit on fleshy, thickened stalks that contain a lot of sugar. The fruits are consumed raw after they have ripened. The leaves of stevia Rebo (Stevia rebaudiana) - plants from the Asteraceae family, native to South America - contain glycosides stevin and rebodin, which are 300 times sweeter than sugar. The seeds contain the most protein - 61% legume lupine (genus Lupinus). However, along with protein, lupine seeds contain poisonous alkaloids, which does not allow their use in nutrition. There are tree tomatoes (tamarillo) originating from Brazil. But this plant is not found in cultivation either in its homeland or in any other country except New Zealand. It is small, 2-3 m high, evergreen tree with a flat umbrella crown, living 8-10 years. It belongs to the nightshade family, like our regular potatoes and tomatoes. Its flowers and fruits also look very similar to our tomatoes. But the red (like tomatoes) or purple (like eggplants) fruits of this plant taste sweet. Since the fruits of the tree tomato are very unstable during storage and cannot withstand long-term transportation, all products are consumed locally, without export. Lupine Fruits of the tree tomato
Slide no. 17
Slide description:
The most tall tree on Earth, the evergreen sequoia (Sequoia sempervirens) is currently considered. The largest tree reliably measured in the last century grew in the US Sequoia National Park, had a height of 120 m and was called the “Father of Forests”. The tallest living sequoia grows in California. Its height in 1964 was 110 m 33 cm. The tree has given name"Howard Libby." Close in size to the evergreen sequoia is the sequoia dendron, or mammoth tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum). The tallest flowering plants on Earth are Australian eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus, myrtle family). The tallest eucalyptus trees that exist today are considered to be two trees belonging to the species Eucalyptus regnans. One of them has a height of 99.4 m, and the other - 98.1 m. The most “heat-resistant” land plant is camel thorn (Alhagi camelorum, from the legume family). It tolerates temperatures up to +70 ° C. Black currant Shoots of trees of the genera birch (Betula, birch family), poplar (Populus, willow family) and - from the gymnosperms - larch (Larix) are distinguished by great cold resistance. They are able to withstand cooling down to –196 °C. Blackcurrant cuttings (Ribes nigrum, from the gooseberry family) are able to withstand cooling down to –253 °C without losing the ability to root after thawing. However, this is the potential cold resistance of plants, established under laboratory conditions. At the cold pole in the northern hemisphere, birches and larches tolerate temperatures dropping to -71 °C.
Slide no. 18
Slide description:
One of the largest leaf buds(shortened future shoots) - a head of cabbage. The weight of a head of cabbage can reach more than 43 kg. The record holder for the area occupied by the crown is the Indian banyan tree, or ficus bengalensis (Ficus bengalensis, from the mulberry family). This ficus forms a large number of aerial roots on the side branches, which, reaching the ground, take root and turn into false trunks. As a result, the huge crown of the tree is supported by root supports. The most famous of the banyan trees grows in the botanical garden of Kolkata. In 1929, when measurements were taken, the circumference of its crown exceeded 300 m (slightly less than 100 m in diameter), and the number of “trunks” - aerial roots - reached 600. The densest wood, which is 1.5 times heavier than water, has Piratinera (genus Piratinera, from the mulberry family), growing in Guyana. Almost the same dense wood is found in the guaiac tree (Guajacium officinale, from the parifolia family). Its density is 1.42 g/cm3. In terms of strength, the wood of the backwood tree is almost as good as iron. The “longest” tree on Earth is the liana-shaped rattan palm (genus Calamus, palm family). Its total length, according to various sources, reaches from 150 to 300 m. Interestingly, the diameter of the trunk at the base does not exceed several centimeters for rattan. Rattan stems stretch from tree to tree, supported by support plants with the help of strong thorns located on the midribs of large feathery leaves. The oldest tree on Earth is also considered to be a gymnosperm - bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva or P.aristata), growing in the mountains Eastern Nevada. Radiocarbon method analysis showed that the age of this tree is about 4900 years. One of the most salt-tolerant land plants is saltwort (Salicornia europea, from the goosefoot family). It grows on sea coasts and salt marshes with salt concentrations of groundwater until 6%. And its seeds germinate even in a 10% saline solution.
Slide no. 19
Slide description:
A journey into the world of indoor plants. Participants of the holiday: students of grades 1 - 4, as well as children from the “Young Friend of Nature” circle. Objectives: 1. To introduce students to indoor plants (begonia, chlorophytum, balsam, violet), to show the features of the life of indoor plants. 2. Learn to care for indoor plants. 3. Education of aesthetic feelings, respect for nature. Preparatory work: children study in the “Young Friend of Nature” circle, observe and care for indoor plants, learn songs, poems, read popular science literature, students sew costumes together with their parents. Equipment: indoor plants: begonia, chlorophytum, violet, balsam and others, map of the hemispheres, costumes for children, watering can, pots of soil for planting indoor plants. Progress of the holiday. Teacher: There is nothing more beautiful and tender in the world than flowers - this fragile and precious gift of nature. There is nothing on earth more poetic and picturesque than flowers - this wonderful music, amazing harmony of forms, lines of beauty. Legends and fairy tales about flowers have inspired many poets and composers. The poetry and music created by them sounds like a hymn to nature, tenderness, and love. We dedicate our lesson to this wonderful gift of nature. Student: It’s as if a miracle suddenly happened: All around, wherever you look, Flowers, flowers, flowers are burning everywhere with a cheerful flame. (a girl dressed as a Chamomile enters) I am a girl – a Chamomile Wildflower. White as a piece of paper Every petal. The sun is in the middle with a yellow eye and the dewdrops burn with golden fire. Guys, do you like flowers? Now we will see how you know flowers and play the game “Say the Word.” 1. This flower is so good You will find it in the meadow Like a hat with a pompom It is called... a bell 2. It grows in golden rye
A wonderful field flower They consider it a weed And tenderly call it... cornflower 3.Golden and young In a week it became gray, And after two days I sat my head I’ll hide it in my pocket Former... dandelion 4. Everyone is familiar with us, Bright as a flame, Admire the wild Scarlet... carnations 5. It stands on a long leg In a tutu, like a ballerina Like a bouquet of one flower: Dark red... dahlia (A song about flowers is played) Teacher: What flowers are sung about in the song? Look around. Do you see these flowers in our class? Why? Look around and these flowers delight our eyes all year round and they are called...room ones. Why are they called that? Why do people need indoor plants? (children's answers) Today we will take a journey into the world of indoor plants. And young friends of nature, 4th grade students, will help us with this (guys come out) 1 student: The custom of decorating a home with plants arose a very, very long time ago, in countries with a pronounced change of seasons. People tried to keep a piece of wildlife at home for the whole year. 2nd student: Time passed, people discovered new lands, cultural and trade ties between peoples grew, and the number of imported exotic plants in Europe grew. 3rd student: Special rooms were built for these plants - greenhouses, later called greenhouses. The very first overseas wonders were orange and lemon trees. 4 student: In Russia, the first owners of greenhouses and winter gardens were Count Sheremetyev and Prince Golitsyn. Golitsyn was one of the first to draw attention to the need to breed foreign plants in Russia. Teacher: What indoor plants do you know? (children's answers) Invite your friends to the holiday. Come in, dear guests, tell us about yourself. (children dressed as flowers enter) We are flowers and our destiny is to grow and bloom. We will tell you all the details about us now.
Begonia. I, Begonia, came to you from hot Africa. Look at me and appreciate the amazing beauty of my leaves. They are of different shapes, different in color: dark green, red-brown, but with a dark stripe and a silver tint. I am very proud of my leaves. I also have small flowers on a long peduncle. (students from the “Young Friend of Nature” circle complement) 1 student: In nature, begonias grow in tropical forests South America, Asia, Africa. The plant received its name in honor of the flower lover and collector Michael Begon, who lived in the 12th century. Student 2: Currently, more than 2000 species of begonias are known. Balsam. (reads a poem) It’s a frosty day outside the window, A flowerpot is burning on the window. I water it, take care of it, I can’t give it to anyone. He is very dear, very good, very much like his mother’s fairy tale. Teacher: What flower does Blaginina write about in her poem? And I, Balsam, one of the oldest indoor plants. I've been decorating home windows for about 400 years. Look, my leaves are light green, the edge of the leaf is jagged, they are located on long petioles. My little flowers delight all the children all year round. People called me “Vanka the wet one.” 3 student: The birthplace of balsam is the tropics of Africa. An unpretentious, profusely flowering plant with bright pink flowers. Student 4: There are varieties of balsam with dark burgundy leaves and red flowers. A light-loving, fast-growing plant that grows in any soil. Teacher: And this plant, which will be discussed further, deserves a huge order on a ribbon for its vitality. Chlorophytum. I am chlorophytum. I can grow even in dark and cool corners of rooms. I'm not afraid of drafts. Always beautiful and charming. And I don’t need an order on a ribbon, since I myself have many lovely “ribbons”. These are numerous leaf rosettes. 1 student: Homeland is South Africa. A very unpretentious plant with long green linear leaves collected in bunches. Student 2: In an adult plant, long hanging flower arrows grow from the middle of a bunch of leaves, on which inconspicuous small white flowers appear, and then children - rosettes of leaves. Violet. In the hazel grove, in the shade of the bushes, Her blue eye flickers... The violet is the best of all flowers In any garden, in any valley. And I grow on the windowsill in a flower pot. I have sisters: forest and garden violets. My flowers are delicate, fragile, consist of five petals - there are a lot of them! They are white, pink, blue, purple.
Teacher: Flowers have always decorated our lives, even in the most difficult, bitter moments. Peace and happiness, the warmth of their native expanses wafted from them. And this earthly beauty warmed the souls of soldiers during the short hours of calm at the front. (music “In the Dugout” plays, the student reads a poem) 3rd student: Wild violet is the great-grandmother of pansies. 4 student: Violet cannot stand straight lines sun rays, drafts, smoke and gases in the air. Student 1: Why is the violet afraid of direct sunlight? This is what people thought about it in the distant past. 2nd student: The god of the sun and light, Apollo, pursued one of the most beautiful daughters of Atlas with hot rays. The poor thing, completely desperate, asked Zeus for protection. He was moved by the girl’s pleas and turned her into a violet. In his divine forests, he took great care of the wonderful flower. 3rd student: But the violet didn’t have to stay in heaven. One day, the daughter of Zeus went to the forest for violets. She picked violets, but was kidnapped by Hades, the god of darkness. The girl got scared and dropped the flowers on the ground, where they have been fragrant ever since. 4 student: Violets have an incomparable delicate aroma. A beautiful, graceful flower has long been grown to make perfumes, creams, and lotions. Chamomile: Oh, how hot! I'm thirsty! (a boy dressed as Rain enters, sings, waters flowers) Rain: Rain, rain, pour, pour Don’t be sorry for the water, don’t be sorry. Rain, rain more, so that the flowers grow thicker! Flowers: (answer and sing): Rain, rain, pour, pour, You and I have more fun, more fun. We are not afraid of dampness, We will only grow better. Teacher: But the rain, unfortunately, only waters garden and forest flowers. Let us tell Rain how we learned to water and care for indoor flowers. Let's play the “Yes-No” game 1. Should indoor plants be watered every day in the summer? (yes) 2. When watering, should the water be cold? (no) 3. Should the water be at room temperature? (yes) 4. Is it necessary to wipe the leaves of plants? (yes) 5. Should the soil in the pot always be moist? (no) 6. Should indoor plants be sprayed with water? (yes) 7. Is it necessary to organize a bath day? (yes) 8. Do indoor plants need to be watered twice a day in winter? (no) 9. Should you pour water along the edge of the pot? (yes) 10. Is it possible to pour water on top of the leaves? (no) 11. Does the soil in pots need to be loosened? (Yes)
12. In extreme heat, should plants be watered once a week? (no) 13. Does the earth need to be loosened very deeply? (no) 14. In extreme heat, should plants be watered in the morning and evening? (yes) 15. Should plants be replanted in the spring? (yes) 16. The room where they grow indoor flowers, do you need to ventilate more often? (yes) 17. Do you like to care for indoor plants? (yes) Teacher: Look around, how beautiful and amazing world surrounds us. Nature spent millions of years to create such a miraculous miracle. And we must preserve this miracle of nature. 1. We have long considered you friends, Children of our forests and fields. We will look after you, so that you bloom more magnificently in the classroom. 2. Let's walk slowly in a circle and say “hello” to each flower. I have to bend over the flowers, not to pick or cut, but to see their kind faces and show them a kind face. Our journey has come to an end. In memory of our holiday, we will plant these flowers. (music plays, the guys plant flowers). References used: 1. N.N. Kapranov "Indoor plants in the interior." Moscow State University Publishing House 1989 2. Kazakova, N.A. Sboeva Lesson development for the course “The World around us” + game material Moscow “VKAO” 2004 3. Magazines “Elementary school”. 4. D.B. Kudryavets “How to Grow Flowers” Book for students. Moscow “Enlightenment” 1993 5. S.O. Gerasimov, I.M. Zhuravlev "Rare indoor plants." Moscow “Rosagropromizdat” 1990 6. Mini-encyclopedia “Indoor Plants”, Moscow AST: Astrel, 2001
19.01.2017 1048 299 Pushnina Natalya VladimirovnaExtracurricular activity in biology for 6th grade students.
"Journey into the world of plants"
Target:
Expand and deepen knowledge of botany
Creating conditions for broadening the horizons of students;
Develop their attention, intelligence, and ability to work in a team.
Stimulation to search additional information on this topic.
Foster a caring attitude towards the environment;
Equipment: computer, flash drive with video recording, waybills for each team, sheets with tasks, plates with station names.
Rules of the game: Two teams (6th grade students) take part. Each team is given waybills that indicate the names of the stations at which they need to make stops. At each station, participants are met by 7th grade students. Teams are asked to complete the task and score points; the points scored and the time of arrival and departure are displayed on the waybill in the column opposite each station. At the end of the trip, points are calculated and the results are announced.
Waybill
Team _______________________________________
Commander F.I.__________________________________________
Route “Journey to the World of Plants”
Station name Number of points, parking time
"Confusion"
"Think and guess"
"Botanical"
"Kids about plants"
"Legend"
"Folk healer"
result
"Confusion"
Task: Decipher the names of plants and distribute them into families
Plant name code family
Cabbage soup - cruciferous
Cherry shivnya rosaceae
Apricot juices - abr rosaceae
Tomato ot-mat Solanaceae
Astra ra-ast Compositae
Garlic con-sec onions
wheat ni – pshe - ats cereals
tulip nap - tulle lilies
"Think - Guess"
I'm in the field and in the garden
In plain sight of passers-by.
My head is white
Overgrown with petals. (Chamomile)
In the meadow among the insects
There was a commotion.
Driven away a family of insects
Giant... (Thistle)
Burnt in the dewy grass
The flashlight is golden.
Then it faded, went out
And turned into fluff. (Dandelion)
Yellow Antoshka
Spins on its leg.
Where the sun stands
That's where he looks. (Sunflower).
Ignashka on the shoulders
Forty-three shirts-
All made from bleached fabric,
And on top is a green jacket. (cabbage)
From America, friends,
I was brought to Russia.
Without me, all your ancestors
They only ate cabbage soup and porridge! (potato)
He loves to grow in the field,
Not in the garden, but in an open field, he is mustachioed and creeping
Hid the nucleoli in a pod -
saber-shaped fist,
You won't be able to figure it out if it's dried out,
It's called…..(peas)
"Botanical"
1. This plant was brought to Russia under Tsar Peter 1. For a long time, peasants did not recognize it as an edible plant. And noble people more often used its delicate flowers as decoration. And today we cannot imagine our daily and festive table without this delicious vegetable. (Potato)
2. This plant is on different languages It's called almost the same. For the Poles it is “snow drift”, for the Germans it is “earth berry”. In Russian, the name of this fragrant berry sounds very similar. (Strawberry)
3. This tree blooms later than other trees, but it spreads such an amazing aroma that you can recognize it from afar by its smell. In addition, its flowers are an excellent remedy for colds. (Linden)
4. This slender tree grows in northern America and in ancient times was the only source of sugar for local tribes. And now its leaf appears on the Canadian flag. (Maple)
5. A huge berry in some areas of the Kalahari Desert, it is practically the only source of moisture. Its relatives are melon, pumpkin and cucumber.
"Kids about plants"
Play video recording. Students in grade 0 talk about plants, but do not name them. You need to guess which plant we're talking about.
"LEGEND"
№1
There is a legend among the people according to which this beautiful flower owes its name to the young gardener George. In ancient times, it was a royal flower and could only grow in the palace garden. And he would have remained a royal prisoner if not for the gardener George... Despite the severe ban, the gardener gave this flower to his bride, and then planted the same flower near her house. Having learned about this, the king ordered the gardener to be thrown into prison, where he died. But the royal flower had already broken free and became popular among the people. In honor of the young gardener George, who gave his life for his freedom, the flower was named………
Answer: Dahlia
There is a legend among the people according to which this beautiful flower owes its name to the young gardener George. In ancient times, the dahlia was a royal flower and could only grow in the palace garden. And he would have remained a royal prisoner if not for the gardener George... Despite the severe ban, the gardener gave this flower to his bride, and then planted the same flower near her house. Having learned about this, the king ordered the gardener to be thrown into prison, where he died. But the royal flower had already broken free and became popular among the people. In honor of the young gardener George, who gave his life for his freedom, the flower was named dahlia.
№ 2
A long time ago, a beautiful mermaid fell in love with the handsome young plowman Vasily. The young man reciprocated her feelings, but the lovers could not agree on where to live - on land or in water. The mermaid did not want to part with Vasily, so she turned him into a wildflower, whose color resembled the cool blue of water. Since then, according to legend, every summer, when these flowers bloom, mermaids weave wreaths from them and decorate their heads with them.
Answer: Cornflower
A long time ago, a beautiful mermaid fell in love with the handsome young plowman Vasily. The young man reciprocated her feelings, but the lovers could not agree on where to live - on land or in water. The mermaid did not want to part with Vasily, so she turned him into a wildflower, whose color resembled the cool blue of water. Since then, according to legend, every summer, when blue cornflowers bloom, mermaids weave wreaths from them and decorate their heads with them.
№ 3
The girl wanted to move her legs, but the earth held her tightly. So she remained on Earth, turning into a flower that, missing its homeland, always turns to the Sun.
What is this flower called?
Answer: Sunflower
One day the daughter of the sun walked on Earth. She listened to the river murmur, leaves rustle, nightingales sing and decided to stay. Time has passed. And she began to miss her father and her homeland.
- "Sunny. Sunshine! Take me to you."
-You have been in a foreign land for too long, so long. that your feet have grown into the ground like roots. I can't help you anymore.
The girl wanted to move her legs, but the earth held her tightly. So she remained on Earth, turning into a flower that, missing its homeland, always turns to the Sun. That's why this flower is called a sunflower
"Folk healer"
Attention, your time at this station is limited! 1 minute!!!
Task: Fill out the table (for each correct answer 1 point)
No. Name of medicinal plant What ailment does it treat?
1
2
3
….
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