Let's move on to their morphological analysis.
Firstly, particles serve to express shades of meaning and to form the forms of words; therefore, they are divided into two large groups according to meaning: semantic and formative. Secondly, they do not have morphological characteristics, that is, they do not change, they differ in origin and composition.
And, thirdly, they are not members of a sentence, but can be included in their composition (for example, particles WOULD, NOT).
In fact, this analysis is very short and easy. The only problem is to correctly determine the particle discharge. Please note that in different textbooks the material on particle discharges may not have the same meaning! And don't forget that most particles have many meanings.
PARTICLE DISASSEMBLY PLAN
1. Part of speech and general lexical and grammatical meaning.
2. Morphological characteristics.
Classified by meaning, by origin and composition.
3. Syntactic role.
SAMPLES OF PARTICLE DISPLAYS
You SHOULD become a cook.
1. BY is a particle, since it serves to form the conditional mood of the verb “to go”.
3. It is not a member of the sentence, but is part of the predicate - to go.
LET him try himself in some business.
1. LET UP is a particle, as it serves to form the imperative mood of the verb “will try.”
2. Formative, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the sentence, but part of the predicate - let him try.
LET'S compliment each other...
1. LET'S - a particle, as it serves to form the imperative mood of the verb “to speak.”
2. Formative, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the sentence, but part of the predicate - let's talk.
The rain did NOT stop by morning.
1. NOT is a particle, as it serves to express negation of the verb “stopped.”
2. Semantic - negative, non-derivative, simple.
3. It is not a member of the sentence, but is part of the predicate - it has not ceased.
I CAN'T NOT say goodbye!
1. NOT is a particle, since it serves to express a statement with a composite verbal predicate"I can tell."
Who DOESN'T know Pushkin!
1. NOT is a particle, as it serves to express a statement of a general nature in an exclamatory sentence.
2. Semantic - affirmative, non-derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
SO someone came down the hill...
1. HERE is a particle, as it serves to express an indication of an object.
2. Semantic - demonstrative, non-derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
SO our summer is over.
1. HERE AND is a particle, since it serves to express an indication of a phenomenon.
2. Semantic - demonstrative, non-derivative HERE and derivative AND, compound.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Footsteps were heard, IT was the father returning from work.
1. THIS is a particle, since it serves to express an indication of an object.
2. Semantic - demonstrative, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
HOW is there no money!?
1. HOW - a particle, as it serves to express emotions.
2. Semantic - exclamatory, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
ARE YOU REALLY coming with us?
1. REALLY - a particle, as it serves to express a question.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Were you on duty yesterday?
1. LI is a particle, as it serves to express a question.
2. Semantic - interrogative, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Money alone cannot buy happiness.
1. ONLY is a particle, as it serves to highlight and limit the word.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
ONLY you and I understood each other.
1. ONLY - a particle, as it serves to highlight and limit the word.
2. Semantic - excretory, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
It was the SAME time!
1. SAME is a particle, as it serves to strengthen a single word.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Are you in love?
1. VED is a particle, as it serves to strengthen a single word.
2. Semantic - intensifying, derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Not a single student was late.
1. Neither is a particle, as it serves to strengthen negation.
2. Semantic - intensifying, non-derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Everywhere I turn, there is a terrible forest.
1. NI is a particle, as it serves to strengthen the statement as part of the conjunctive word “where”.
2. Semantic - intensifying, non-derivative, simple.
3. Not a member of the proposal.
Now it's time to move on to training. To do this, we will take five particles from the following sentences.
WHAT vain accusations! Is it my fault? Look there for your offender. IT LOOKS like he distinguished himself. It was he, not me, who said it.
ALMOST everything is clear with this. STILL, he is my friend. LET him tell it himself. NOT at all convincing. I have NEVER been to the taiga.
1. Independent parts of speech:
- nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
- Verbs:
- participles;
- participles;
- adjectives;
- numerals;
- pronouns;
- adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
- prepositions;
- unions;
- particles;
3. Interjections.
The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:
- the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
- introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.
Morphological analysis of a noun
- initial form in nominative case, singular (except for nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
- proper or common noun;
- animate or inanimate;
- gender (m,f, avg.);
- number (singular, plural);
- declination;
- case;
- syntactic role in a sentence.
Plan for morphological analysis of a noun
"The baby drinks milk."
Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;
- initial form - baby;
- constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
- inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
- when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.
Morphological analysis the words “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).
- initial form – milk;
- constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
- variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
- direct object in the sentence.
Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:
"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."
Ladies (who?) - noun;
- initial form - queen;
- constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, female, I declension;
- fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
- syntactic role: part of the subject.
Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;
- initial form - Luzhin;
- faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
- inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;
Palm (with what?) - noun;
- initial shape - palm;
- constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
- inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
- syntactic role in context: addition.
Dust (what?) - noun;
- initial form - dust;
- main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
- fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
- syntactic role: addition.
(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;
- the initial form is a coat;
- constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
- morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
- syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.
Morphological analysis of the adjective
An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:
- initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
- constant morphological features of adjectives:
- rank according to the value:
- - quality (warm, silent);
- - relative (yesterday, reading);
- - possessive (hare, mother);
- degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
- full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
- inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees simple form, in excellent ones - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
- full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
- gender marker (singular only);
- number (agrees with the noun);
- case (agrees with the noun);
- syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective
Example sentence:
The full moon rose over the city.
Full (what?) – adjective;
- initial form – full;
- constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
- according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.
Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:
The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.
Beautiful (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
- constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
- inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;
Slender (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - slender;
- constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.
Thin (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - thin;
- morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Blue (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - blue;
- table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
- syntactic role: definition.
Amazing (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - amazing;
- constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
- inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.
Morphological features of the verb
According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is independent part speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.
Morphological forms of verbs:
- the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
- conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
- inconjugated forms: participles and participles.
Morphological analysis of the verb
- initial form - infinitive;
- constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
- intransitive (not used with a noun in accusative case without pretext);
- repayment:
- returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
- irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
- imperfect (what to do?);
- perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
- II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
- mixed verbs (want, run);
- inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
- mood:
- indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
- conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
- imperative: do!;
- time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
- person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
- gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
- number;
- syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- subject: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.
Morphological analysis of verb example
To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:
God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)
Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - send;
- permanent morphological characteristics: perfect view, transitive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;
Next online sample morphological analysis of the verb in a sentence:
What silence, listen.
Listen (what do you do?) - verb;
- initial form - listen;
- morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:
He needs to be warned.
No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.
What are the rules?
Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)
Caution (what to do?) - verb;
- initial form - warn;
- morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
- syntactic function in a sentence: component predicate.
Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;
- initial form - know;
- inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;
- initial form - violate;
- permanent morphological characteristics: imperfect species, irrevocable, transitive, 1st conjugation;
- inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
- syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.
Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - wait;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Entered (what did you do?) - verb;
- initial form - enter;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
"Even"
Part of speech:
Grammar:
part of speech: particle; answers the question:
Initial form:
Sentences containing "even"
She was so beautiful that people turned to look at her on the street, and when they could no longer turn around, because she was burning out on her last bed, and she had very little time left to live, even the doctor, who saw her the day before her death, was struck by her noble beauty her clear face.
The plumber, without losing his importance, showed favor; he even, it seems, washed his hands and sat down at the table, where a hastily cut sausage for two ninety, a herring with onions and a neat decanter were found.
In her opinion, the sound was very good.
After all, there was a time when winning the World Championship was not even given the title of Honored Master of Sports!
The species-specific signals of a domestic cat are characterized by significant variability in the fundamental frequency: even in one individual it can fluctuate from 100 to 500 Hz. In general, the signals of the domestic cat differ in many ways from those of other mammals.
Moreover, it is not even written that he is obliged to do this.
However, if the source code of the program is quite large, then even a simple recompilation of the program after changing the source code can take a lot of time.
Sometimes before a lecture, standing outside the door, she even heard this friendly laughter, which fell silent when she entered.
And the Austrians didn’t even hide the fact that they couldn’t imagine sports without medicine.
You can do anything, even take part in the construction boom, fortunately this spiral is just beginning to unwind.
Parsing parts of speech
1. Independent parts of speech:
- nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
- Verbs:
- participles;
- participles;
- adjectives;
- numerals;
- pronouns;
- adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
- prepositions;
- unions;
- particles;
3. Interjections.
The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:
- the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
- introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.
Morphological analysis of a noun
- initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
- proper or common noun;
- animate or inanimate;
- gender (m,f, avg.);
- number (singular, plural);
- declination;
- case;
- syntactic role in a sentence.
Plan for morphological analysis of a noun
"The baby drinks milk."
Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;
- initial form - baby;
- constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
- inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
- when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.
Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).
- initial form – milk;
- constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
- variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
- direct object in the sentence.
Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:
"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."
Ladies (who?) - noun;
- initial form - queen;
- constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, first declension;
- fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
- syntactic role: part of the subject.
Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;
- initial form - Luzhin;
- faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
- inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;
Palm (with what?) - noun;
- initial shape - palm;
- constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
- inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
- syntactic role in context: addition.
Dust (what?) - noun;
- initial form - dust;
- main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
- fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
- syntactic role: addition.
(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;
- the initial form is a coat;
- constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
- morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
- syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.
Morphological analysis of the adjective
An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:
- initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
- constant morphological features of adjectives:
- rank according to the value:
- - quality (warm, silent);
- - relative (yesterday, reading);
- - possessive (hare, mother);
- degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
- full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
- inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
- full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
- gender marker (singular only);
- number (agrees with the noun);
- case (agrees with the noun);
- syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective
Example sentence:
The full moon rose over the city.
Full (what?) – adjective;
- initial form – full;
- constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
- according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.
Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, with examples:
The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.
Beautiful (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
- constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
- inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;
Slender (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - slender;
- constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.
Thin (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - thin;
- morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Blue (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - blue;
- table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
- syntactic role: definition.
Amazing (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - amazing;
- constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
- inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.
Morphological features of the verb
According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.
Morphological forms of verbs:
- the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
- conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
- inconjugated forms: participles and participles.
Morphological analysis of the verb
- initial form - infinitive;
- constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
- intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
- repayment:
- returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
- irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
- imperfect (what to do?);
- perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
- II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
- mixed verbs (want, run);
- inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
- mood:
- indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
- conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
- imperative: do!;
- time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
- person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
- gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
- number;
- syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- subject: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.
Morphological analysis of verb example
To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:
God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)
Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - send;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;
The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:
What silence, listen.
Listen (what do you do?) - verb;
- initial form - listen;
- morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:
He needs to be warned.
No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.
What are the rules?
Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)
Caution (what to do?) - verb;
- initial form - warn;
- morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
- syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.
Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;
- initial form - know;
- inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;
- initial form - violate;
- constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
- syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.
Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - wait;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Entered (what did you do?) - verb;
- initial form - enter;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
