The ceiling in a house is its most important element. This is not only a building divider into floors, but also a floor for the second floor, which often experiences heavy loads. Therefore, the overlap should be light on one side, like the other parts frame house, and on the other hand – quite reliable.
Required qualities of this element
What to pay attention to when building a floor for a frame house? What qualities should it have?
- Ease. Since frame houses are considered lightweight buildings, a light foundation is placed under them. To reduce the load on the foundation, the ceiling is also made lightweight. Wood is traditionally considered the main material for such houses. It is better to choose for frame construction conifers, since timber or boards made of coniferous wood are less susceptible to bending in places where force is applied to them.
- Rigidity. The ceiling structure must be rigid. Its deformations, bends, deflections, etc. are not allowed. It is to improve the rigidity parameters that the boards used in construction are placed with an edge.
- Strength. If it is assumed that the weight of the second floor of a frame building will be sufficiently large, Special attention emphasis should be placed on strength. It is often necessary to use not just timber, but glued timber. It has the necessary margin of safety, so it is preferable. If you want to use a board, use elements from three connected boards. If you compare the strength of three connected boards and one piece of timber of the same thickness, then the structure of the boards will be more durable.
Do not forget that the joists for the floor of the second floor must be reinforced, and mesh or reinforcement must be laid in the screed. This will reduce the deformation of the floor. Boards or timber must be processed. If you buy timber for the floor that has already been processed thin layer wax, you must be extremely careful when installing them. Place something over the treated wood if you need to walk on it. This will preserve the treatment from abrasion, and you will not slip on a rather slippery surface.
Construction methods: what options are there
There are several types of floors that are suitable for a frame house. They differ from the material from which they are created, and from the design itself. Let's consider all the methods.
- Most often used for floor construction solid timber with oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing. Glued laminated timber, which is more durable, can also be used.
- The second way to make overlaps is to use I-beam made of wood with OSB sheathing.
- You can use a wooden prefabricated truss, which is also sheathed with OSB.
- “Sandwich” panels, which are complemented by strapping made of calibrated timber, have become very popular due to the lightness of the device.
- In addition to wood, you can use cold-rolled metal beams bent profile, which in its parameters is an order of magnitude stronger than wood.
- Another way to use metal is to install floors from a prefabricated metal truss based on a bent profile.
All these methods have both their pros and cons.
Step by step creation
So, where to start construction? First of all, you should pay attention to the harness. The strapping is the platform on which the boards or beams for the ceiling will be laid. When installing the strapping, we make so-called nests in the upper beam. It is in them that the timber from the ceiling will be laid.
If according to your plan there is a staircase to the second floor, you need to mark its location. Using timber or joined boards, we make a frame for the floor, going around the opening under the stairs. We connect with metal corners, which give rigidity to the connection. It is believed that the use of self-tapping screws is inferior in reliability to connections with nails, but the use of self-tapping screws saves time. So, securely, using nails and corners, we attach the floor beam to top harness.
We waterproof the resulting floor frame in the house on both sides, for which we use either a film or a membrane.
Since when using two-story house The issue of sound insulation is acute; it is necessary to use a sound-, heat-, and waterproofing polymer. At the moment this is the most modern material for floors, and the thinnest one.
If you want to improve the thermal insulation between floors of a frame building, you can also use mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but this is not always financially sound.
The surface of the floor and ceiling is formed by sheets of chipboard or OSB, which are laid on logs. If possible, the joists should also go along the top trim. Flooring from OSB boards or fiberboard must be at least 2 cm thick. They are screwed on with self-tapping screws.
If you don't want to bother with frame construction floors in the house, pay attention to SIP panels. The panels are a ready-made structure, which consists of OSB-3 on both sides, and contains polystyrene foam insulation inside.
At frame construction SIP panels are used as walls, but they can also be used as ceilings. These are special reinforced panels with an increased threshold of rigidity and strength.
Also don't forget that concrete screed enhances sound transmission in the house, so it is better not to use it for the second floor of a frame building. In this regard, porous substances, such as expanded clay, are much better at preventing the propagation of sounds.
Greetings to all readers of the blog, Sergey Menkov is in touch with you.
In this article I will continue to describe the construction of my house, and now I will tell you how I made the floors for my house.
I have three floors, this is the bottom floor - the floor of the first floor, the interfloor floor, and attic floor in the attic.
Brief outline of the article:
- Types of floors
- Floors of frame buildings
- Floor covering
- Ceiling lining
- Insulation
- Soundproofing
- Construction order
Overlap in frame house must have certain properties. The most important thing is to have sufficient deflection strength of the beams. I will tell you later how to calculate the size and pitch of beams depending on the width of the overlapped span, but for now let’s go through a little theory.
Types of floors
For private housing construction they are used different kinds floors, the most common are wooden beam floor, and with the help concrete slabs ceilings
Without beam monolithic ceiling in case of independent house construction it is used less often, since it is more labor-intensive in execution, with a large number preparatory work.
I will not consider them all in this article, but will talk about how frame floors are arranged; my house is frame
Floors of frame buildings
Frame beams ceilings must have a number of properties; I will list the main ones that you should rely on when designing a frame house:
- Safety margin for deflection - so as not to get a trampoline instead of a floor, and it won’t simply fall into the underground.
- Resistance to biological effects is concerns lower ceiling , it is close to the ground, and if rotting happens, the weak wood will quickly collapse.
- Thermal insulation properties - this determines how warm the house will be. This is especially true for the upper ceiling, it is through it that a large amount of heat leaves the house.
- Sound insulation is a property characteristic of interfloor slabs. Complete sound insulation is very difficult to achieve. I neglected this, and will limit myself to only partial, with laying soundproofing slabs, or backfilling with some kind of bulk material.
- Ease of construction is also very important; as a rule, frame houses are erected by one or two people during self-construction, so the technology should be feasible. Below I’ll tell you how I made the floors for my house, all by hand, no cranes, lifts or other devices.
In order to start calculations, you will need to stock up on data on the interaxial distance between the walls on which the beams will rest.
The material for the beams was larch; it is a very durable tree, resistant to various influences, we have a large quantity of it in stock, and it is cheaper than pine.
Of course, there are also disadvantages, such as the tendency to torsion and the heavy weight of the boards. But they are easily leveled out by those described above positive qualities.
Floor covering
The frame floor beams are covered with decking. They use different types of subfloors, I used a magpie board and 10 mm plywood on top of it, and in the kitchen 18 mm plywood, it so happened that I miscalculated the quantity of tens and ordered a little less than necessary.
A quarter of the house was left unprotected by plywood. And then a friend of mine offered me 18 plywood right into my hand for half the price (it came out at the price of tens). I quickly bought ten sheets from him, the problem disappeared by itself, and I will cover the most popular rooms in the house with thicker plywood, this will only improve the quality of the floor.
If the pitch of the beams is small, then you can use plywood or OSB sheets, this is a common practice, I didn’t do this, so I can’t talk about it in detail. If anyone wants to do this, then google it, everything will be found)
Ceiling lining
My ceiling has not been hemmed yet, for the first time I plan to sheathe it with boards or gypsum plasterboard sheets over the sheathing. There, under the plasterboard, I will place the electrical wiring leading to the lighting.
To be honest, I have not yet decided how I will make the ceiling, so the frame interfloor ceiling is still in question. I depicted the option in the picture below. Think.
This is where my mistake lies; it was necessary to think in advance about insulating these places. Now you will have to work hard to blow out these places efficiently. I want to hire an installation and blow foam into this distance to a thickness of approximately 15-20 cm, I think this will be enough.
Using mineral wool in places where walls meet, it is recommended to lay insulation 60 cm from the edge of the wall, approximately as in this picture.
My attic is insulated with sawdust, the layer thickness is still 25 cm, when this layer dries completely, I will gradually increase it to 40-50 cm. Sawdust as an insulation material is a very good material, and most importantly, it is practically free. The sawmills themselves call and ask where to unload.
I did not use cotton wool in the attic for reasons of steam regulation in the house. The sawdust will easily release some of the steam to the street, without losing its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, there is no vapor barrier in the house on the second floor ceiling.
Soundproofing
Used as sound insulation for floors various materials, let's look at the main ones:
- Mineral wool – these include all types of mineral wool used for sound insulation. It is recommended to use a denser one, although sound waves are well damped by light glass wool. Still, only an integrated approach will save you from impact noise.
- Bulk - various backfills, for example, ecowool, sawdust, sand, expanded clay and other materials with soundproofing characteristics.
- Sheet materials in the form of vibration-isolating sheets, special floor coverings for finishing, cork coverings. They are more often used in complex sound insulation methods.
- A complex approach to eliminate noise consists of a combination of various solutions, for example, the use of layers of different density and strength.
Construction order
Well, let's finish with the theory, now I'll tell you how I made my ceilings.
The lower and interfloor ceilings in a frame house are almost identical in construction technology. The only thing is that when working on the second floor you should take precautions; falling from there is not very pleasant.
Well, I think it’s time to finish, I hope that after reading the article you will not have any questions about how to make a ceiling in a frame house. If you leave a comment, I will definitely answer.
And if anyone wants to add anything, don’t be shy!
PS.
And one more thing, we had a discussion with my wife, and she decided to try to take on a couple of blog columns. So maybe the blog will soon become a family blog!
Well, that’s all bye everyone, don’t forget to subscribe to updates, I’m off to bed….
Floors in a frame house are horizontal surfaces with which the internal volume of the room is enclosed from above and below. These are the floor and ceiling, fixed to special wooden or concrete structures. They are of great importance, connecting the walls together and making the building structure more rigid. In addition, these elements create additional insulation buildings: their frame must contain insulation.
What types of floors are there?
There are three types of floors in frame buildings:
- interfloor;
- sexual;
- attics.
Floor coverings must be strong and rigid enough to make the floor covering reliable. Attic floors are also made with high quality, since insulation and ceiling trim are attached to them.
At interfloor ceilings two functions at the same time - to be the sex for top floor and a ceiling for the lower one. These floors are subject to vertical loads, so the beams must be resistant to vertical deflections.
Requirements for the floor structure
Interfloor ceiling in a frame house must meet many criteria, but the main requirements are:
- Tough and robust design that can withstand heavy loads.
- No beam should bend under the influence of gravity.
- Wooden floors of a frame house must have good sound insulation to noise and extraneous sounds they did not penetrate from one floor to another.
- Important to do high-quality insulation. The attic and basement floors should be especially well insulated.
- All main floor elements must have good fire resistance so that an accidental fire on one floor does not spread to the entire building.
- You should not make too massive, expensive and huge structures - the ceiling arrangement should be as simple and budget-friendly as possible.
Features of floors
After the construction of the lower level, it is necessary to make a floor from the same materials as the frame in order to continue the construction of the next level of the house. It is important that the frame walls are level in the horizontal plane. This will allow you to quickly make the overlap.
In fact, the ceiling is the basis for the upper level. That is, the ceiling of the first floor (the layer between the first and second floors) becomes the floor for the second floor. This means that the structure must be especially durable. For this purpose, it is better to strengthen the logs if necessary, because internal non-main walls will be fixed to them.
Sometimes a house design involves the participation of floor joists in the design rafter system. This has its drawbacks:
- the thermal insulation layer will be significantly reduced, which will lead to the appearance of cold bridges;
- will have to provide for complex ventilation system under-roof space in the area of \u200b\u200bjoints of joists and rafters;
- When erecting rafters, you will have to construct a flooring from boards or plywood.
Logs for interfloor ceilings can be of different thicknesses. So, if no one will walk on them, you can put thin boards. If the upper room is residential, the logs should be of a large cross-section, no less than on the first floor.
Installation procedure and rules
Even without planning to install the floors of a frame house with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of the design and installation of this important element.
To install interfloor slabs, you first need to lay them around the perimeter of the house. beam harness, and then fasten the logs onto it with nails. If there is a large span, it is better to make glued beams.
Floor beams have a dual function. On one side, a plasterboard ceiling is attached to them, on the other, floor joists are filled. The thickness of the floor boards must be at least 1/20 of the length. For example, a span of 4 m will require a log with a thickness of 20 cm. The floor space is filled with insulation.
Beams are made from thick logs, which are sawn into pieces with a thickness of 70 mm. You can also knock together two boards whose thickness is 50 mm.
Connect the boards to each other with nails or metal staples. Floor beams have advantages: they are low cost, easy installation, high thermal insulation properties, and long service life (up to 50 years).
Wooden beams are a fire hazardous material. This means that they need to be treated with fire-resistant impregnations, antifungal compounds and anti-rot agents.
Insulation of floors between floors
Mineral wool has important advantages: natural origin, low thermal conductivity, it is light and non-flammable. Therefore, it is best to use it for insulating floors. But you can also use other alternative materials for sound and heat insulation:
- perlite;
- Styrofoam;
- expanded clay;
- slag;
- dry sand;
- sawdust.
Floor materials
It's best to choose coniferous wood. It could be pine, spruce, larch. The main load is placed on beams or joists, and then transferred to the walls, frame and foundation.
For floor beams, treated round beam on two edges or boards knocked together.
The supporting beams must be appropriately sized depending on the load they will experience and the length of the span. Size values can be found in special tables.
Load calculation
Floors experience the following types of load:
- support their own weight;
- the mass of the part of the house that is higher than them;
- variable load from the presence of people and from the installation of furniture and things.
On average, its own mass is 150-200 kg each square meter floors. The specific weight depends on the type of insulation and the thickness of all structural elements. Attic floors have even more weight because more insulation needs to be installed there.
As for variable loads, their average values are up to 100 kg per 1 sq. m, and sometimes more. To understand the total load, it is necessary to sum the constant and variable loads at their maximum values.
Next, the tables look at the required thickness of the beams, taking into account their length. The beams are installed on the perimeter frame using metal corners. When installing an interfloor or attic floor, it is important to install the beams clearly above the vertical frame posts.
Sheeting and flooring
Having installed the ceiling beams and checked whether they are strong enough and whether they are fastened correctly, they begin to install the flooring on top of them so that they can be walked on. After this, the ceiling lining is installed below.
For interfloor ceilings, it is necessary to select high-quality lining. It must withstand its weight, as well as the load of the ceiling finishing, insulation and all decorative and functional elements that will be attached to it. These are lamps, some furniture elements, some decorations.
Despite all this, load bearing capacity the sheathing should not be too large. For these purposes, any frame house uses some kind of sheet materials. For example, it could even be ordinary drywall. Its use is very beneficial, since it not only allows you to make the ceiling as smooth as possible, but is also a fire-resistant material.
When choosing a lining for the floor and ceiling, you need to remember that it must withstand a greater load, since in these places there is a larger layer of insulation than in the interfloor. In addition, there appear additional elements floor structures. Therefore, here it is already rational to use not ordinary drywall, but tongue-and-groove boards and other similar options.
Rewind device option
Work begins from the bottom ceiling beams Overlapping systems along the entire length are filled with specially prepared cranial bars on the sides. Regular ones are perfect for this purpose. wooden slats, the cross-section of which is 30x50 mm. They are necessary for installing roll-up shields. They mean sheets of drywall, plywood, other materials or boards that can support the weight of the insulation.
Rolling is necessary not only for decorative purposes. It holds on itself all structural elements that are not fixed to the floor beams. In addition, this lining element also supports the load from below in the form of finishing and its decorative parts.
There are two types of flooring that are used in frame houses. The first is a draft, the second is a running one. Only the draft version is used in attics so that they can be moved comfortably. Running flooring refers to the installation of a finished plank floor.
Installing both rough and finishing flooring involves laying boards on the beams and securing them. Thus, the installation of the flooring is the same, but the requirements for the quality of work are different.
When nailing the subfloor boards to the beams, a special gap is created. It is necessary for air to circulate through the floor. When nailing the running (or finishing) flooring, there is no gap, and the boards are joined tightly.
It should be noted that it is not necessary to make a continuous flooring in attics that will not be used. To do this, it is enough to fill the boards along certain routes that will be needed to solve any emergency problems. For example, to access the ridge of a roof or a chimney.
Floor pie in frame houses
It doesn’t matter what technologies are used to build a frame house and how its design is carried out, the floors have approximately the same design and structure. If we talk from bottom to top, then first comes the filing (or rolling). Then they pull it on plastic film, glassine, roofing felt or other waterproofing layer.
Next install insulation layer. On the ground floor it is convenient to use bulk fillers. This can be expanded clay, perlite, furnace slag, and other materials. Between floors it is optimal to use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, glass wool or other slab and roll insulation.
Insulation is necessary for the genitals and ceilings in a frame house. If you need to soundproof between rooms, do this using acoustic soundproofing wool.
The amount of insulation that will be used for insulation different parts frame house, can be calculated using tables.
After installing the insulation or filling it in, if it is loose, you can pour it on top sand-cement mortar for screeding the entire structure. This is especially true for attic floors. This is resorted to in order to slow down the destruction of the insulation and maximize the service life of the ceiling.
Conditions for the durability of floors
In order for the floors of a frame building to perform all their functions, it is necessary to maintain them in proper conditions, which will allow maximum preservation of the strength of the structure throughout its entire service life. Thus, it is necessary to prevent dampness and moisture from entering the ceilings and accumulating there. It is this that often has the most destructive effect on the tree.
Air in frame houses must circulate both horizontally and vertically. A ceilings deprive it of the ability to pass between floors. Therefore, when there is a temperature difference, condensation appears on them as at the coldest point in contact with air.
If air does not circulate, the wood begins to get wet, it becomes damp, which leads to rotting of the structure and the rapid spread of mold. Wood easily absorbs moisture and begins to swell. Because of this, the dimensions of individual frame house structures change, which leads to unnecessary stress.
If this situation continues, the strength of the entire house will begin to suffer, which will lead to rapid wear and tear and forced cessation of operation. And due to the fact that when high humidity fungi will begin to actively develop, this will accelerate the destruction wooden structures and will further reduce the life of the building.
Humidity and dampness most often enter the house due to improperly installed floor coverings. Occasionally, the cause is also the attic floor. As for interior floors, they are not threatened by excess moisture in the house.
The exception is ceilings in the toilet, bathroom, and kitchen. When performing them, they make an additional layer of waterproofing so that moisture does not penetrate into the wooden frame and did not accumulate there.
Video: rules and analysis of interfloor ceiling errors
So, installing floors in a frame house does not count challenging task. But there are a number of subtleties and technical standards that must be followed. This is necessary in order to make the operation of the house as comfortable and long-lasting as possible. All remaining questions are answered in the video.
The ceiling in a frame house is the basis for the strength and reliability of the entire structure. It is this that divides the building into floors and provides it with sufficient stability and durability. The interfloor ceiling in a frame house is a layer cake consisting of load-bearing structures, insulating and insulation materials. Considering that the interfloor ceiling in a residential building is a floor and a ceiling at the same time, this pie includes Decoration Materials. Many novice builders do not know exactly how to make a high-quality ceiling of the second floor in a frame house. Indeed, this is a rather responsible process that requires compliance with certain construction technologies.
A construction cake in the form of a floor slab will only serve for a long time and with high quality if all the rules for its installation are followed.
These rules are as follows:
- High load-bearing capacity of the structure. The calculation should be made for the maximum load on the slab. It must withstand the weight of people and furniture and withstand strong gusts of wind without damage or deformation.
- Sufficient rigidity. The floor slab of a frame house should not sag when walking on it or carrying even very heavy loads. To do this, you need to correctly calculate the length, width and thickness of the ceiling beams, methods of attaching them to the frame and walls.
- Sufficient level of sound insulation. This is necessary to ensure that the inhabitants of the first floor do not experience discomfort from noise on the second level.
- Fire resistance. When creating a floor slab cake, you should choose materials that do not support combustion and prevent the spread of fire across floors.
- Low thermal conductivity. This quality is necessary when one floor is not used for living. A well-thought-out design of the interfloor floor in a frame house will protect the living level from heat in summer and cold in winter.
- Ease. Frame houses have limited strength. The basement floor can simply collapse under the pressure of the walls and the massive slab. For its construction you need to choose high-quality and lightweight materials.
During construction, you should not make excessively thick floor slabs between levels. Their insulating qualities must correspond to this parameter for panel walls.
The heaviest load is carried by the beams, which are attached to a horizontal frame installed on top of the first tier. Attach the first floor piping frame structure better with nails. They are much stronger than self-tapping screws and can withstand strong horizontal loads. Over time, the tree shrinks and decreases in volume. The nails ensure that the timber slides down to the bottom layer. In the case of self-tapping screws, large gaps remain that need to be constantly caulked.
As for insulation, it is recommended to use basalt wool. This is a lightweight and elastic material with incredibly low thermal conductivity and fire resistance. The cake in which mineral wool is placed is light in weight and has excellent sound insulation characteristics. Despite the fact that this insulation has low hygroscopicity, it is recommended to insulate it with a membrane film to protect it from dampness.
The bottom of the floor slab is sheathed sheet material. The simplest and in an inexpensive way to make the ceiling is considered to be the use of plasterboard. It is easy to process and lightweight material. Floor beams can be sheathed with plywood or OSB. The lining and block house look beautiful. Stretch ceiling They look impressive, but these products are impractical. Access to the space between them and the floor slab is extremely difficult. If rodents or insects take up residence in this space, property owners will face serious problems and expenses. The most effective in terms of cost, ease of installation and maintenance are plastic panels. This structure can be installed, dismantled and put back in a matter of hours.
You can lay on the beam ceiling of the second floor floorboard, OSB, laminate and thick plywood. The choice should be made in favor of a material that has the best performance characteristics and moisture resistance.
Installation sequence
To build a high-quality and durable floor, you need to know how to calculate the thickness and frequency of beams. After this, it remains to calculate the total need for building materials and get to work. When making calculations, you should be guided by SNiP. If doubts arise, they should be interpreted in the direction of increasing hardness and strength.
Arrangement of interfloor floor slab according to frame walls carried out in the following sequence:
- Cross beams are screwed onto the harness. If the purlins are longer than 400 cm, then glued boards should be used. When making long runs, the boards are fastened together with an overlay of 75-80 cm.
- Logs are attached to the beams and to the frame. Fixation is carried out with long nails and metal corners. The interval between the lags is 50-58 cm, depending on what material is chosen as insulation.
- The lower part of the frame is covered with membrane film. Sheets of plywood, OSB or untreated are nailed to the boards wooden surface. This will be the basis for insulation and finishing of the ceiling.
- The frame contains insulation. All cracks are carefully sealed. The recommended thickness of thermal insulation is 10 cm. A vapor barrier film is secured on top of the insulation with a construction stapler.
- The frame filled with insulation is covered with boards or wood boards- they will be the subfloor of the second floor.
The final stage is fine finishing floor. The choice of material is determined by the purpose and style of decoration of the entire room, the taste and financial capabilities of its owners.
Even if you are a person who is far from the construction industry, then you should know that without quality flooring life is extremely uncomfortable. This applies to houses from different materials. No exception frame building. If you properly arrange the floor structure, then with its help it will be possible to retain heat inside the premises, as well as create reliable support that will extend the life of the building for several decades.
In order to give the building strength, it is necessary to create one that will act as the basis for the future finishing coating.
Design features of the subfloor
If you are installing a floor in a frame house, then at the first stage it is worth creating a rough covering, which should be as smooth, flat and reliable as possible. Ultimately, it will be possible to lay, for example, a laminate on such a coating. The main task of such a design will be to uniformly distribute the load on the surface. This way you can eliminate the occurrence of bends and deformations of the final coating. The construction of a floor in a frame house can be carried out using several technologies, but the most popular and relevant today are logs, dry screed on the ground or wet screed on the soil surface.
Stages of constructing a subfloor on joists
If you decide to use a technique that involves the use of logs, then the work can be carried out in several stages. These elements are untreated bars that are located on the floor or ground. Their alignment should be carried out on the side where the finishing coating will be laid. To do this, you can use a regular ax. The wood is protected from aggressive factors and the effects of insects, for which the surface of the elements is treated with an antiseptic composition.
If you are laying logs on the floor, then in the upper crown of the walls you need to cut grooves where the planed logs will be laid. Among other things, the logs are installed on brick supports, which strengthen the system and extend the life of the structure. When installing a rough covering on the base, the soil is first covered with a 2 cm layer of crushed stone, which must be compacted. The logs are installed on support pillars, which are mounted on the foundation, and their protection from moisture will extend the life of the structure.
For reference
The flooring in a frame house can also be made from plywood, which is installed on joists. This option It turns out to be budget-friendly and distinguished by wear resistance and practicality. To securely fasten the elements around the perimeter, you need to lay small bars from which to make wooden sheathing. Sheets of plywood are fixed with special screws or nails, the distance between which should be approximately 150 mm.
After completing this work, you can begin laying thermal insulation materials like mineral wool or laminate underlay.
Creating a rough coating based on a wet screed
If you are installing a floor in a frame house, you can use the technology wet screed on the ground. This technique is not always preferable because the floor surface will need to be left until completely dry, which will take several weeks. The deadline will depend on climatic conditions. Today there are two known methods of wet screed, one of which involves the use cement mortar, while the other is a self-leveling floor. The most common way to create such a base is the use of M-250 cement.
As a result, we manage to get smooth surface due to the inclusion of polymer ingredients. Among other things, they give the coating increased resistance to mechanical stress. The thickness of this system can vary from 30 to 100 mm. The screed should be additionally reinforced with metal elements.
Preparatory work
The installation of a subfloor in a frame house can be carried out using the wet screed method. On preparatory stage in this case, the base should be cleaned, removing debris, foreign objects and dirt.
At the next stage, waterproofing made of polyethylene film is laid, and a tape needs to be installed around the perimeter, which will compensate for the thermal expansion of the mixture. If the surface has differences ranging from 2 to 4 mm, then beacons should be installed that guarantee a perfectly flat surface after pouring.
Work methodology
When installing the floor of a frame house on strip foundation, then at the next stage it is necessary to dilute the mixture and apply it, leveling it with a special bar. You need to get rid of any air bubbles that appear with a knitting needle, then rough screed left to dry for about a month. Once the floor has gained strength, you can use it as a rough base for laying any finishing coating, including ceramic tiles, linoleum, parquet board or laminate.
It is better to install a self-leveling floor, which will become a rough base, when leveling the surface with a slope of up to 30 mm is required. However, applying such a mixture to the ground is strictly prohibited, since the composition requires a solid base, such as a concrete screed.
The material needs protection from moisture, so laying a waterproofing film is necessary. Its thickness can vary from 1 to 2 mm. The technology for laying such a solution is similar to the method described above, however, self-leveling floors dry faster, and further work can be carried out within 10 days.
Floor in a frame house on screw piles
Installation of the floor of a frame house on screw piles will involve the use of timber, channel or I-beam. Work can be carried out immediately after the construction of the pile foundation. Can be used for tying wooden beams, to which the logs are attached. The span of beams should not exceed a level of three meters. If the span is longer given value, then additional supports from piles should be used. For beams, it is recommended to be 100 mm; it is best to use coniferous wood as the material.
Before installing the piping, you need to waterproof the base using roofing material, plastic film or penofol. When installing a floor in a frame house on stilts, after installing the beams, you can proceed to laying the joists. The distance between these elements should be 500 mm. For the first floor, logs are used on piles, the cross-section of which should be 250 mm. Whereas for the second floor elements of 70x200 mm are suitable. If the spans are relatively small, which is especially true for bathrooms and bathrooms, then the cross-section of the beams can be reduced to 50x150 mm.
In order to increase the strength of the structure, you can reduce it to 40 cm. Before you start laying the logs, you need to make markings that will determine the distance between the elements. At the next stage, it is necessary to make recesses in the strapping beams along the width of the beams. As soon as the logs are laid in the grooves of the strapping, they can be secured with dowels, self-tapping screws, nails or screws.
When installing a floor in a frame house, it is recommended to review the photo in advance. Perhaps this will allow you to understand what method to carry out the work. Speaking of the above, it can be noted that boards are fixed to the joists from below square section with a side of 30 mm. In order to increase the strength of the floor structure, the beams are connected by transverse jumpers, the distance between which is 150 cm. However, this condition is not mandatory.
Warm floor over slab
If you have finished building a frame house with a slab as the base, then it’s time to start installing a heated floor. The base must be clean and dry, and the maximum difference in height should not be more than 0.5 cm. Otherwise, the unevenness must be leveled out. For this, sometimes a layer of low-quality concrete is even used.
When installing a floor in a frame house on a slab, the next step is to lay waterproofing so that it also serves as a vapor barrier. You can use plastic film for this. The overlap of the canvases should be approximately 12 cm, and the seams are connected using tape. It is important to lay a thick layer of thermal insulation, which will prevent heat loss. Most practical material Penofol is recognized. in a frame house, the next stage involves laying a pipeline, which is then filled with the same
