Next in line are designs, the prototype of which was the free-flow (model 1964) garland hydroelectric power station of V. Blinov.

The hydroelectric power plants that will be discussed are free-flow, with a rather original turbine made of so-called Savonius rotors, strung on a common (maybe flexible, composite) working shaft. Dams and other large-scale hydraulic structures they do not require for their installation. They are able to work with full efficiency even in shallow water, which, combined with the simplicity, compactness and reliability of the design, make these hydroelectric power stations very promising for those farmers and gardeners whose plots of land are located near small watercourses (rivers, streams and ditches).

Unlike dams, free-flow hydropower plants are known to use only the kinetic energy of flowing water. To determine power there is a formula:

N=0.5pV3Fn (1),

N - power on the working shaft (W),
- p - density of water (1000 kt/m3),
- V - river flow speed (m/s),
- F - cross-sectional area of the active (submersible) part of the working body of the hydraulic machine (m2),
- n - energy conversion efficiency.

As can be seen from formula 1, at a river speed of 1 m/s per one square meter The cross section of the active part of the hydraulic machine ideally (when n=1) has a power equal to only 500 W. This value is clearly small for industrial use, but quite sufficient for a farmer’s or summer resident’s subsidiary plot. Moreover, it can be increased through the parallel operation of several “hydroenergy garlands”.

And one more subtlety. The speed of the river in its different sections is different. Therefore, before starting the construction of a mini-hydroelectric power station, it is necessary to determine the energy potential of your river using the simple method outlined. Let us only recall that the distance covered by the measuring float and divided by the time it passes will correspond to the average flow speed in this area. It should also be noted: this parameter will change depending on the time of year.

Therefore, design calculations should be made based on the average (over the planned period of operation of the mini-hydroelectric power station) river flow speed.

Fig.1. Savonius rotors for homemade garland mini-hydroelectric power plants:

a, b - blades; 1 - transverse, 2 - end.

Next, you need to determine the size of the active part of the hydraulic machine and its type. Since the entire mini-hydroelectric power station should be as simple as possible and uncomplicated to manufacture, the most suitable type of converter is the Savonius rotor of the end design. When working with complete immersion in water, the value of F can be taken equal to the product of the rotor diameter D and its length L, and n=0.5. The rotation frequency f is determined with an accuracy acceptable for practice using the formula:

f=48V/3.14D (rpm) (2).

To make the hydroelectric power plant as compact as possible, the power specified in the calculation should be correlated with the actual load, the power supply of which should be provided by the mini-hydroelectric power station (since, unlike a wind turbine, the current will be continuously supplied to the consumer network). As a rule, this electricity is used for lighting, powering the TV, radio, and refrigerator. Moreover, only the latter is constantly put into operation throughout the day. The rest of the electrical appliances work mainly in the evening. Based on this, it is advisable to focus on the maximum power from one “hydroenergy garland” of about 250-300 W, covering the peak load with a battery charged from a mini-hydroelectric power station.

The transmission of torque from the working shaft of a hydraulic power plant to the pulley of an electric generator is usually carried out using an intermediate transmission. However, this element, strictly speaking, can be excluded if the generator used in the design of a microhydroelectric power station has an operating rotation speed of less than 750 rpm. However, you often have to refuse direct communication. Indeed, for the vast majority of generators domestic production the operating rotation speed at the start of power delivery is in the range of 1500-3000 rpm. This means that additional coordination is needed between the shafts of the hydropower plant and the electric generator.

Well, now that the preliminary theoretical part is behind us, let’s look at specific designs. Each of them has its own advantages.

Here, for example, is a semi-stationary free-flow mini-hydroelectric power station with a horizontal arrangement of two coaxial, rotated 90° relative to each other (to facilitate self-starting) and rigidly connected transverse-type Savonius rotors. Moreover, the main parts and components of this homemade hydropower plant are made of wood as the most affordable and “obedient” building material.

The proposed mini-hydroelectric power station is submersible. That is, its supporting frame is located across the watercourse at the bottom and is strengthened with guy ropes or poles (if, for example, there are walkways, a boat dock, etc. nearby). This is done in order to avoid the structure being carried away by the watercourse itself.

Fig.2. Submersible mini hydroelectric power station with horizontal transverse rotors:
1 - base spar (beam 150x100, 2 pcs.), 2 - lower cross member (board 150x45, 2 pcs.), 3 - middle cross member (beam 150x120, 2 pcs.), 4 - riser (round timber with a diameter of 100, 4 pcs. .), 5 upper spar (board 150x45, 2 pcs.), 6 - upper cross member (board 100x40, 4 pcs.), 7 - intermediate shaft (stainless steel, rod with a diameter of 30), 8 - pulley block, 9 - constant generator current, 10 - “gander” with a porcelain roller and a two-core insulated wire, 11 - base plate (200x40 board), 12 - drive pulley, 13 - wooden bearing assembly (2 pcs.), 14 - “hydroenergy garland” rotor (D600, L1000, 2 pcs.), 15 disk (from boards 20-40 mm thick knocked into a shield, 3 pcs.); metal elements fastenings (including braces, hubs of outer discs) are not shown.

Of course, the depth of the river at the installation site of the mini hydroelectric power station should be less than the height of the support frame. Otherwise, it is very difficult (if not impossible) to avoid water getting into the electric generator. Well, if the place where the mini hydroelectric power station is supposed to be located has a depth of more than 1.5 m or there is a large amount of water and flow speed that varies greatly throughout the year (which, by the way, is quite typical for snow-fed watercourses), then this design It is recommended to equip with floats. This will also allow it to be easily moved when installed on a river.

The supporting frame of a mini hydroelectric power station is a rectangular frame made of timber, boards and small logs, fastened with nails and wire (cables). Metal parts of the structure (nails, bolts, clamps, angles, etc.) should, if possible, be made of of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant alloys.

Well, since the operation of such a mini hydroelectric power station is often possible in Russian conditions only seasonally (due to the freezing of most rivers), then after the expiration of the operation period, the entire structure pulled ashore is subject to thorough inspection. Rotten ones are replaced in a timely manner wooden elements, rusty, despite Taken measures precautions, metal parts.

One of the main components of our mini-hydroelectric power station is a “hydroenergy garland” of two rigidly fixed (and forming a single whole on the working shaft) rotors. Their disks can be easily made from boards 20-30 mm thick. To do this, making a shield out of them, use a compass to build a circle with a diameter of 600 mm. After which, each of the boards is cut according to the curve obtained on it. Having knocked the workpieces together on two strips (to give the required rigidity), they repeat everything three times - according to the number of required disks.

As for the blades, it is advisable to make them from roofing iron. And better - from cylindrical ones that are suitable in size and cut in half (along the axis) stainless steel containers(barrels) in which agricultural fertilizers and other aggressive materials are usually stored and transported. In extreme cases, the blades can be made of wood. But their weight (especially after a long stay in water) will increase significantly. And this should be remembered when creating mini-hydroelectric power plants on floats.

Spiked supports are attached to the ends of the “hydroenergy garland”. Essentially, these are short cylinders with a wide flange and an end slot for a key. The flange is attached to the corresponding rotor disk with four bolts.

To reduce friction, there are bearings located on the middle crossbars. And since ordinary ball or roller bearings are unsuitable for working in water, they use... homemade wooden ones. The design of each of them consists of two clamps and insert boards with a hole for the passage of a tenon support. Moreover, the middle bearing shells are positioned so that the wood fibers run parallel to the shaft. In addition, special measures are taken to ensure that the insert boards are firmly fixed against lateral movement. This is done using tightening bolts.

Fig.3. Sliding bearing assembly:
1 - crimp bracket (St3, strip 50x8, 4 pcs.), 2 - middle frame cross member, 3 - crimp insert (made of hard wood, 2 pcs.), 4 replaceable insert (made of hard wood, 2 pcs.) , 5 - M10 bolt with Grover nut and washer (4 sets), 6 - M8 stud with two nuts and washers (2 pcs.).

Any automobile generator is used as an electric generator in the microhydroelectric power station under consideration. They produce 12-14 V DC and can be easily connected to both battery and electrical appliances. The power of these machines is about 300 W.

Quite acceptable for self-made and the design of a portable mini hydroelectric power station with a vertical arrangement of a “garland” and a generator. Such a hydroelectric station, according to the author of the development, is the least material-intensive. Support structure The installation that fixes its position in the river bed is a hollow steel rod (for example, from pipe sections). Its length is chosen based on the nature of the bottom of the watercourse and the speed of the flow. Moreover, such that the sharp end of the rod, driven into the bottom, would guarantee the stability of the mini-hydroelectric power station and its non-disruption by the current. Additional use of stretch marks is also possible.
Having determined the active surface of the rotor using formula (1) and measuring the depth of the river at the installation site of the mini hydroelectric power station, it is easy to calculate the diameter of the Savonius rotors used here. To make the design simple and self-starting, it is advisable to make a “hydroenergy garland” of two rotors connected so that the blades of the first are offset by 90° relative to the second (along the axis of rotation). Moreover, to increase operating efficiency, the structure on the side of the oncoming flow is equipped with a shield that plays the role of a guide vane. Well, the working shaft is mounted in the sliding bearings of the upper and lower supports. In principle, for a short period of operation of a mini hydroelectric power station (for example, on a hiking trip), large-diameter ball bearings can be used. However, if there is sand or silt in the water, these units will have to be washed in clean water after each use.

Rice. 4. Mini hydroelectric power station with a vertical arrangement of end-type rotors:
1 - support rod, 2 - lower bearing assembly, 3 - "hydroenergy garland" disk (3 pcs.), 4 - rotor (D600, 2 pcs.), 5 - upper bearing assembly, 6 - working shaft, 7 - transmission, 8 - electric generator, 9 - “gander” with a porcelain roller and two-core insulated wire, 10 - generator mounting clamp, 11 - movable guide panel; a, b - blades: the braces at the upper end of the support rod are not shown.

The supports are bolted and welded to the rod, depending on the weight of the “hydroenergy garland” and the need to disassemble it into parts. The upper end of the working shaft of the hydraulic machine is also the input shaft of the multiplier, for which (as the simplest and most technologically advanced) a belt can be used.

The electric generator is again taken from a car. It is easy to attach it to the support rod with a clamp. And the wires themselves coming from the generator must have reliable waterproofing. In the illustrations, the exact geometric proportions of the intermediate transmission are not shown, as they depend on the parameters of the specific generator you have. Well, transmission belts can be made from an old car inner tube, cutting it into strips 20 mm wide and then twisting it into bundles.

For power supply to small villages, a garland mini-hydroelectric power station designed by V. Blinov is suitable, which is nothing more than a chain of barrel-shaped Savonius rotors with a diameter of 300-400 mm, attached to a flexible cable stretched across the river. One end of the cable is attached to the hinged support, and the other through a simple multiplier to the generator shaft. At a flow speed of 1.5-2.0 m/s, the chain of rotors makes up to 90 rpm. And the small size of the elements of the “hydroenergy garland” makes it possible to operate this micro-hydroelectric power station on rivers with a depth of less than one meter.

It must be said that before 1964, V. Blinov managed to create several portable and stationary mini hydroelectric power stations of his own design, the largest of which was a hydroelectric power station built near the village of Porozhki (Tver region). A pair of garlands here drove two standard automobile and tractor generators with a total power of 3.5 kW.

MK 10 1997 I. Dokunin

If there is a river or even a small stream flowing near your home, then with the help of a homemade mini hydroelectric power station you can get free electricity. Perhaps this will not be a very large addition to the budget, but the realization that you have your own electricity costs much more. Well, if, for example, at a dacha, there is no central power supply, then even small amounts of electricity will be simply necessary. And so, to create a homemade hydroelectric power station, at least two conditions are required - the availability of a water resource and desire.

If both are present, then the first thing to do is measure the speed of the river flow. This is very simple to do - throw a twig into the river and measure the time during which it floats 10 meters. Dividing meters by seconds gives you the current speed in m/s. If the speed is less than 1 m/s, then a productive mini hydroelectric power station will not work. In this case, you can try to increase the flow speed by artificially narrowing the channel or making a small dam if you are dealing with a small stream.

As a guide, you can use the relationship between the flow speed in m/s and the power of electricity removed from the propeller shaft in kW (screw diameter 1 meter). The data is experimental; in reality, the resulting power depends on many factors, but it is suitable for evaluation. So:

0.5 m/s – 0.03 kW,
0.7 m/s – 0.07 kW,
1 m/s – 0.14 kW,
1.5 m/s – 0.31 kW,
2 m/s – 0.55 kW,
2.5 m/s – 0.86 kW,
3 m/s -1.24 kW,
4 m/s – 2.2 kW, etc.

Power homemade mini hydroelectric power station proportional to the cube of the flow velocity. As already indicated, if the flow speed is insufficient, try to artificially increase it, if this is of course possible.

Types of mini-hydroelectric power plants

There are several main options for homemade mini hydroelectric power plants.

Water wheel

This is a wheel with blades mounted perpendicular to the surface of the water. The wheel is less than half immersed in the flow. Water presses on the blades and rotates the wheel. There are also turbine wheels with special blades optimized for liquid flow. But these are quite complex designs, more factory-made than homemade.

Rotor Daria

It is a vertical axis rotor used to generate electrical energy. A vertical rotor that rotates due to the pressure difference on its blades. The pressure difference is created due to the flow of liquid around complex surfaces. The effect is similar to the lift of a hydrofoil or the lift of an airplane wing. This design was patented by Georges Jean-Marie Darrieux, a French aeronautical engineer in 1931. Also often used in wind turbine designs.

Garlyandnaya hydroelectric power station

The hydroelectric power station consists of light turbines - hydraulic propellers, strung and rigidly fixed in the form of a garland on a cable thrown across the river. One end of the cable is fixed in the support bearing, the other rotates the generator rotor. In this case, the cable plays the role of a kind of shaft, the rotational motion of which is transmitted to the generator. The flow of water rotates the rotors, the rotors rotate the cable.

Propeller

Also borrowed from the designs of wind power plants, a kind of “underwater wind turbine” with a vertical rotor. Unlike an air propeller, an underwater propeller has blades of minimal width. For water, a blade width of only 2 cm is sufficient. With such a width, there will be minimal resistance and maximum rotation speed. This width of the blades was chosen for a flow speed of 0.8-2 meters per second. At higher speeds, other sizes may be optimal. The propeller moves not due to water pressure, but due to the generation of lifting force. Just like an airplane wing. The propeller blades move across the flow rather than being dragged in the direction of the flow.

Advantages and disadvantages of various homemade mini hydroelectric power station systems

Flaws garland hydroelectric power station obvious: high material consumption, danger to others (long underwater cable, rotors hidden in the water, blocking the river), low efficiency. The Garland hydroelectric power station is a kind of small dam. It is advisable to use in uninhabited, remote areas with appropriate warning signs. Permission from authorities and environmentalists may be required. The second option is a small stream in your garden.
Rotor Daria- difficult to calculate and manufacture. At the beginning of work you need to unwind it. But it is attractive because the rotor axis is located vertically and power can be taken off over water, without additional gears. Such a rotor will rotate with any change in flow direction - this is a plus.

Most common when building homemade hydroelectric power stations received schematics of the propeller and water wheel. Since these options are relatively simple to manufacture, require minimal calculations and are implemented with minimum costs, have high efficiency, are easy to set up and operate.

If you do not have a water energy resource, you can make your own home wind power station.

P an example of the simplest mini-hydroelectric power station

The simplest hydroelectric power station can be quickly built from an ordinary bicycle with a dynamic headlight. Several blades (2-3) must be prepared from galvanized iron or thin sheet aluminum. The blades should be the length from the wheel rim to the hub, and 2-4 cm wide. These blades are installed between the spokes using any available method or using pre-prepared fasteners.
If you are using two blades, place them opposite each other. If you want to add large quantity blades, then divide the circumference of the wheel by the number of blades and install them at equal intervals. You can experiment with the depth of immersion of the wheel with blades in the water. It is usually one-third to one-half immersed.
The option of a traveling wind power plant was considered earlier.

Such a micro hydroelectric power station does not take up much space and will serve cyclists perfectly - the main thing is the presence of a stream or rivulet - which is usually the place where the camp is set up. A mini hydroelectric power station from a bicycle can illuminate a tent and charge cell phones or other gadgets.

If there is a river or even a small stream flowing near your home, then with the help of a homemade mini hydroelectric power station you can get free electricity. Perhaps this will not be a very large addition to the budget, but the realization that you have your own electricity costs much more. Well, if, for example, at a dacha, there is no central power supply, then even small amounts of electricity will be simply necessary. And so, to create a homemade hydroelectric power station, at least two conditions are necessary - the availability of a water resource and desire.

0.5 m/s – 0.03 kW,
0.7 m/s – 0.07 kW,
1 m/s – 0.14 kW,
1.5 m/s – 0.31 kW,
2 m/s – 0.55 kW,
2.5 m/s – 0.86 kW,
3 m/s -1.24 kW,
4 m/s – 2.2 kW, etc.

The power of a homemade mini hydroelectric power station is proportional to the cube of the flow velocity. As already indicated, if the flow speed is insufficient, try to artificially increase it, if this is of course possible.

Types of mini-hydroelectric power plants

There are several main options for homemade mini hydroelectric power plants.

This is a wheel with blades mounted perpendicular to the surface of the water. The wheel is less than half immersed in the flow. Water presses on the blades and rotates the wheel. There are also turbine wheels with special blades optimized for liquid flow. But these are quite complex designs, more factory-made than home-made.

Garland A hydroelectric power station consists of light turbines - hydraulic propellers, strung and rigidly fixed in the form of a garland on a cable thrown across the river. One end of the cable is fixed in the support bearing, the other rotates the generator rotor. In this case, the cable plays the role of a kind of shaft, the rotational motion of which is transmitted to the generator. The flow of water rotates the rotors, the rotors rotate the cable.

Advantages and disadvantages of various homemade mini hydroelectric power station systems

The disadvantages of a garland hydroelectric power station are obvious: high material consumption, danger to others (long underwater cable, rotors hidden in the water, blocking the river), low efficiency. The Garland hydroelectric power station is a kind of small dam. It is advisable to use in uninhabited, remote areas with appropriate warning signs. Permission from authorities and environmentalists may be required. The second option is a small stream in your garden.

The Daria rotor is difficult to calculate and manufacture. At the beginning of work you need to unwind it. But it is attractive because the rotor axis is located vertically and power can be taken off over water, without additional gears. Such a rotor will rotate with any change in flow direction - this is a plus.

The most widespread designs for the construction of home-made hydroelectric power plants are the propeller and water wheel. Since these options are relatively simple to manufacture, require minimal calculations and are implemented at minimal cost, have high efficiency, and are easy to configure and operate.

An example of a simple mini-hydroelectric power station

If you are using two blades, place them opposite each other. If you want to add more blades, then divide the circumference of the wheel by the number of blades and install them at equal intervals. You can experiment with the depth of immersion of the wheel with blades in the water. It is usually one-third to one-half immersed.

The option of a traveling wind power plant was considered earlier.

An independent source of electricity in a country mansion is the first necessity. The electrical goods market offers a wide range of generators electric current various designs: gas, inverter, gasoline, diesel. Among them, water electric generators occupy a special place due to their advantages and savings in fuel consumption. Generating electricity from natural sources is the most environmentally friendly and low-cost way to produce an energy resource.

Scope and features of the device

Various Applications

Data hydraulic devices can be used for various household and economic needs:

In agriculture;
Towns of geologists;
In river transport;
At recreation centers;
In the mining industry;
In country and suburban areas.

To convert various types of energy into electrical energy. The structure of the device is simple: the engine, the generator itself and the housing.

Let's watch the video, the scope of application of generator sets and their types:

Depending on the type of power plant, generators are divided into:

There are also water-based and solar powered. A water electric generator differs from a diesel or gasoline generator by being more economical to operate and completely environmentally friendly. If a river or stream flows next to a country house, the amount spent on servicing the station is zero.

Principle of operation

Energy production through rotation structural element has been used for a long time, just remember water mills. A water generator for producing electrical energy differs little from ancient devices.

Let's watch the video, simplest mechanism works:

You need to connect the device hose to a water source (stream, water tap, shower stall tank), and the rotation of the wheel blades under the pressure of water will transfer energy to the generator itself. In turn, the generator will process the received energy into a current of the appropriate frequency (alternating or direct).

Types of hydro generators

Industrial products differ in the parameters of the power they produce. For household needs they use low-power hydraulic systems (10-100 kW) with a vertical position of the rotor axis of rotation, operating on the basis of small watercourses. For industrial needs, devices are designed with horizontal rotational movement of the axis.

Water wheel

For domestic purposes, a damless type of mini-hydroelectric power station is used, which is divided into 4 types:

Water wheel;
Garland hydroelectric power station;
Daria rotor;
Propeller.

A water wheel is a rotating element with blades, which is installed perpendicular to the movement of water, immersing half or a little less. Through water pressure on the blades, the wheel rotates and energy is converted.

The design of the garland for a water generator is a cable with fixed rotors, thrown from one bank of the river to the other. One end of the cable is attached to the generator, and the other is secured by a bearing. Rotors immersed in water begin to rotate under the pressure of the flow, causing the cable to rotate. As a result, electricity is generated.

Rotor Daria

The Darrieus rotor is a vertical rotating element that is driven by changing pressures on the blades complex design. It is the flow around a complex surface that creates a pressure difference.

A water propeller generator resembles a “windmill” equipped with a rotor, but installed under water. The width of the blades (2 cm) has required dimensions for creating maximum speed rotation at minimal resistance load. However, the size of the blades must be selected in accordance with the flow of the water flow; their performance may vary.

In everyday life, propeller-type hydraulic installations and wheels have become widespread. The advantage of these devices is high efficiency with minimal costs.

Product Overview

Manufacturers produce mini hydroelectric power stations household use for generating current of constant and variable frequency in three-phase and single-phase versions. To generate electricity, a small water pressure is required - up to 12 l/sec. As a rule, these hydraulic installations are used in places with small rivers or in areas with a natural/artificial waterfall, as well as a constructed dam.

Mini generator Ct-02 (China)

Power - 5 kW;
Generated current - 50 Hz;
Rotation speed - 30-3000 rpm;
Current is alternating.

Products can be purchased to order, indicating required parameters. Starting price - 30,000 rubles.

Mini generator for home xj13 (China)

Power - 8.5 kW;
Generated current - 50 Hz;
Rotation speed - 145-1920 rpm;
Current is alternating.

This model horizontal installation has its advantages, low weight and small volumes. The device can be easily installed in personal plot. Price - from 16,000 rubles.

Hydrogenerator LPWG

Hydrogenerator LPWG

Power - 5 kW;
Generated current - 50 Hz;
Rotation speed - 500 rpm;
Current is alternating.

This hydraulic system with horizontal water supply will provide electricity to household farms or Vacation home. The purchase of a water electric current generator will cost 49,596 rubles.

How to make a hydroelectric power station yourself

Creating a water electric generator with your own hands is a fascinating process. Can be designed based on a regular bicycle generator. First, you should determine the speed of the water flow using a stopwatch. If the speed is insufficient, you will have to create a height difference, for example, by installing a drain pipe.

Watch the video and do it yourself step by step:

You need to cut from aluminum sheet several blades 2-4 cm wide. The length of the blades should match the diameter of the bicycle wheel (from the rim to the hub). The blades are then installed between the spokes and secured with pliers. The wheel is immersed in water by a third. A very good option for generating electricity while camping for lighting a tent and charging phones.

Choosing an electric generator

Power

To continuously provide energy to private country house A power of 20-30 kW is quite enough.
To accurately determine the required power, you need to add up the power consumption of all household appliances and add lighting lamps.
It should be borne in mind that another 20 percent must be added to the total amount of power, taking into account the starting currents.
If you work with electrical appliances construction purposes, the required power should be three times greater (up to 100 kW).

Prices and manufacturers

The goods market is provided by various suppliers and manufacturing companies. The price factor is formed depending on the promotion of the brand. Recently, Chinese manufacturers have proven themselves well. The favorable combination of quality and price deserves attention.

The most common among alternative sources energy are wind generators, but they largely depend on weather conditions. In the absence of wind or weak wind flow, they are ineffective. For normal operation Such generators are suitable for areas where the average annual wind speed is not lower than 5-6 m/s and higher.

In Russia there are not many areas with intense winds, the steppes and the Black Sea coast of Kuban, the Far Eastern coast and up to a dozen uninhabited or small areas.

IN middle lane, in the mountains of the Caucasus, Urals, Altai and other regions where there are small but fast-moving rivers, tributaries, streams, people forget about the possibility of using hydroelectric generators.

It is not rational to refuse to use them; this is a guaranteed source of electricity, because a river with a stable level and flow is much more reliable than a changeable wind.

Power calculation and design selection

In essence, the electrical part of the wind generator device is no different from the hydro generator; the principle is similar to transform mechanical energy rotation into electric.

The difference is driving force wind or water, the drive devices will be fundamentally different. Instead of a propeller, hydrogenerators use wheels drum type with blades.

Hydrogen generator with their own if they grow from the right place not difficult to assemble if available wind generator, all that remains is to design and assemble a hydraulic drive for its rotation.

In such cases, in order for the generator to rotate with the required speed, it is often necessary to use gearboxes to change the force and speed of rotation, which depend on the water flow.

It is calculated that the power of the filling wheel is significantly greater than that of the filling wheel; filling is when the flow of water falls on the blades of the drive wheel from above, the filling wheel rotates with the flow from below.

Therefore, based on your conditions, use the filling wheel design whenever possible. However, such a wheel also has its disadvantages:

spin it slower
requires the construction of additional structures

The photo above uses a direct drive filling wheel on a homemade disk generator with permanent magnets, the design of which will be discussed below.

Vehicle elements can be used in drive mechanism designs:

disks
stars
gears
chains and belts

In some cases, even gearboxes from mopeds and motorcycles are used, and blades are welded onto the disks of large tractor wheels.

Options for generators used and load connections

Generators can be used for automobiles, buses, or best of all low-speed tractor generators with permanent magnets.

They are more reliable, easier to operate and repair, and they do not have brushes.

1. generator G250-G1 2. P362 relay-regulator 3. car battery 4. ammeter 5 and 6 switches 7 fuse 8 fuel supply.

Depending on your conditions and capabilities, you can use 24V generators.

1. Generator G-228 2. voltage regulator 11.3702 3. 12V batteries connected in series 4. Ammeter for measuring charging current 5 and 6 switches 7. load.

In the simplest case, you can use 6ST-75 batteries, but for reliability it is of course better to install new lithium-ion starter batteries. They are of course more expensive, but lighter in weight than lead-acid ones, smaller in size, larger in A/H capacity, service life much longer, and superior to lead ones in all respects.

This is decided by everyone for themselves, depending on the purpose of the generator, operating conditions and financial capabilities.

If you are going to use a hydro generator to power household electrical appliances designed to power industrial network 220/50Hz, you will have to use voltage and current converters.

These devices D.C. batteries at 12 or 24 V are converted into alternating current voltage 220V. They come in different capacities; you need to choose depending on the current what maximum load you are going to use.

They are connected according to the above diagram instead of the load; the simplest converter of low power can be assembled yourself.

This circuit has been tested for years, works like a clock, is simple, and does not require configuration. The disadvantage is that it is low-power 100W.

Use economical fluorescent lamps of 13-15 W or LED lamps of 5-10 W are enough to illuminate a private house, garage and even a yard at night. 15 W lamps are as bright as 80 W incandescent lamps.

If you need more power to fully operate the power grid, you can buy industrial converters. There is a large assortment of 12/220V on sale; 24/220V; 48/220V, power up to 5 kW or more.

The Pulso IMU-800 inverter converts 12V direct current into 220V/50Hz alternating current. maximum output power 800W. This is enough
enough for lighting, connecting a TV, refrigerator; for irons and boilers, more powerful inverters will be needed.

Assembling a homemade magnet generator

Many people make a hydroelectric generator with their own hands, using the method of assembling a generator using neodymium magnets. You can take a car wheel hub with a brake disc as the basis on which the entire structure will be mounted.

Factory assembled, reliable and well-balanced; disks with permanent magnets are attached to the rotating part, between which the disk with the rotor windings will be fixed.

The advantage of a permanent magnet generator is that the magnetic field is controlled, this is achieved:

minimum gap between rotor and stator
through a magnetically conductive disk, the power lines of all magnets are interconnected

Therefore, the disks of the rotating rotor must be magnetically conductive; with a different material, the generator power will be halved. We draw the disks into 12 identical sectors and then glue them evenly along the perimeter of the disk in each sector. super glue magnets with a diameter of 25mm and a thickness of 5mm.

The poles of the magnets alternate through one (S-N-S-N....) and so on in a circle. You can increase the number of magnets and windings, there will be more poles, this will allow you to achieve more power at lower speeds.

But in our case, 12 magnets, windings with 08-1 mm wire, 100 turns each, generate sufficient power to charge a 12 V starter battery.

A wheel with a diameter of 5 m, rotating at a speed of 150 rpm, produces a current of at least 1A; at 200 rpm, the charging current reaches 4A, this is quite enough.

Winding connection diagram

We make the diameter of the disk 30-35 cm, depending on the size of the hub you have chosen.

In our version, the magnets are round, but it is better to install rectangular ones 35x25x5mm, the greater the magnetic flux, and therefore the greater the power of the generator.

At the same time, the stator windings are made oval, the size of magnets. When installing the stator, the magnets must coincide with the center of the windings.

The thickness of the stator disk with windings must be the same as the thickness of the disks with magnets. We place the windings on a plywood disk and connect them in series with each other according to the specified star circuit.

After connecting and insulating the contacts, the wires are carefully laid along the inner diameter so that they do not touch the rotating parts of the structure. After which they are filled epoxy resin. For reliability, you can cover the poured surface with fiberglass, press it a little, then once again generously saturate the fiberglass with epoxy resin on top.

Such measures eliminate mechanical damage to the windings and moisture ingress. After drying, we assemble the generator plates on the hub platform.

Through the mounting holes, we put the first disk on the long bolts of the rotating disk of the hub, fixing the magnets outward with clamping nuts.

Next, the stator disk with windings is put on, and lastly, the second disk is put on with magnets inside. The discs are fixed with tension nuts so that the gap between them is uniform over the entire plane and is no more than 3 mm. After assembly, rotate to check for vibration and runout, and adjust if necessary.

When assembling a hydrogenerator with your own hands at home, you should understand that direct connection of the generator to the wheel simplifies the design, but such ideal conditions for supplying water flow to the wheel are not always available.

In some places it is necessary to use torque transmission schemes through a system of additional shafts, gears or belt drives, this reduces power.

For those who don’t want to do a lot of fiddling, drilling and gluing, there is absolutely simple options you can buy a reliable one Chinese generator, manual drive, or rather a foot one. Such generators are used in cycling simulators, they combine business with pleasure, and are convenient in emergency situations.

Generators NJB-800-12 are very practical, have Beautiful design, compact.

At a rotation speed of 250 rpm, the output power is 500W, at 500 rpm, 800W. 12V.

It is convenient to transport it in the trunk of a car to a campsite; to use water resources, you only need to attach the blades to the wheel.

Everything is good, but there is one drawback: it costs almost 30 thousand rubles, not everyone can afford it. If there is a suitable water source, modern technologies allow you to independently make a reliable hydrogenerator, the most main element in this project it is your desire. How to make a manual generator on video: