What is a red corner? In a peasant hut, every corner had its own meaning

corner, in the hut under the images

Alternative descriptions

In Korean mythology, the name of the ritual of ritual; Yakuts have supernatural strength

Internal corner

Corner of a peasant hut

In Korean myths - the name of the ritual ritual

In Yakut mythology - supernatural power

Woman's corner in the hut

Halfdan (1873 - 1965) - Norwegian historian, biographer, political activist

Deadlock (old)

Deadlock (obsolete)

In Korean mythology, the name of the rite of ritual is

In Yakut mythology, supernatural power

M. south corner, nook, nook, dead end; the top or end of a remote corner, bay, creek, cape, etc. They drove the wolf into a hole and he’ll be screwed! Corner of a peasant hut; the four corners of the hut correspond to four chambers: the front room, the living room, the bedroom and the cooking room; kut, kut, kutnik, called the door corner and counter, konik (Tver. Psk. Ryaz. Tul. Penz. Vlad. Yarosl. fire. lower. Vyat.); in some places a woman’s corner, middle, rustic, cooking behind a partition, behind a curtain (vor. Kur. Kaluga. Vologda. Perm. arch. Sib. Sar.) in Nov. the same corner if you lie there, and not at the door; finally the red corner is cut (Nov. Psk. smol. Kur.). Out of the corner of the shop, bareheaded scoundrel! swear words at wedding guests, crappy guests. Take the table to the corner! from the stove to the red corner. Sit down on the couch, and that’s it. You’re sitting in the wrong corner, you’re singing the wrong songs. It’s not my place to sit in front, my place is in the corner. Kut, Kutok south. corner, nook; eye husk, corner to nose. Kut Novg. (see kuta) a type of long tongs that fishermen use to hold a pole under the ice to pull the seine. Kut, kutets, swearing of nonsense, end or bag of non-water swearing; Venter mesh bag. Kutik, tailors have a triangular patch, on the sides in the hem of a man's shirt, a wedge. Kutki grass. Laucanthemum vulgaris, Belek. Kutovy, kutny, kutny and kutny, kuttsevy, kutikovy, to kut, in different meanings. related Kutovoy, leader of the raid, senior raider. Kutny corner, kut, kut, usually of course the corner diagonally opposite the bunk, where the hostess sleeps and sometimes there are bunks. The kutu window, opposite the stove, in the kuta, it is usually fiberglass. The tail end of the mother tongue. Kutny tooth, molar: correct last molar, smart. Kutnik m. a kind of bunk or pier, a counter in a hut; where the door corner is called kutya, there it is a bunk, a counter at the door, a stall for harnesses, and in winter a chicken coop; the owner sleeps on it, like the guardian of the house; where there is a bunk at an angle, there is a bunk bunk, there is a bed for the master and the mistress; to Cossack In some places the cabbage roll is called kutnik. Shelf in the bathhouse. Zap. bog, backyard worker, farm laborer, worker, not owner. Kutnik or Kutok Psk. hard crazy basement, exit. Is the kutnik full of white triggers? mouth to teeth. Kutnikovy, related to kutpik. Kutovitsa, a lifting rope with a lavdushka, at the kut, the blind or blind end (tail, kuttsa) of the venter. Kut. rear, womanish, second (in seniority) corner in the hut, kut; place and corner opposite the stove mouth, place under the floors; where the floors are made over the entrance, there the kut and the konik are one and the same; where the bed is slanted against the bunk, or the stove is facing that way, there is a common master's bed, a kutnik, a woman's corner, a millstone corner, and sometimes it is separated from the stove by a bulkhead or a curtain (peresovets), along with the cook. Sitting in the kuti, warming up in front of the stove. The far corner of the forest, field, fishing line, etc. is also called Kutya. Kut south zap. red, honorary corner of the hut, pokut, why the Kutians are guests of honor there: he sits like a priest in pokut. Go to the kut (kut), where the flies weave. It’s early, the girl is still young: she’s not out of the woods, she’s looking around. Kutenik m. Ryaz. kut, konik, chest, locker, counter at the door. Kuten m. Kuten tooth. The boy is lying on the kutny, his molars are cutting.

IN peasant hut every angle had its own meaning. The main space of the hut was occupied by the stove (1). The stove was made of clay with the addition of stones. The Russian stove was used for heating, cooking food for people and animals, for ventilation and lighting of the room. The heated stove served as a bed for old people and children, and clothes were dried here. Babies were washed in the warm mouth of the stove, and if there was no bathhouse, then adult family members also “bathed” here. They stored things on the stove, dried grain, onions, garlic, it healed - they steamed in it for ailments. On the bench next to the stove the housewife prepared food, and the bread taken out of the stove was also stored here. This place in the hut was called “Stove Corner” or “Woman’s Corner” - from the mouth of the stove to the front wall of the house - the woman’s kingdom (2), here all the simple utensils that were in the household stood, here she worked, rested, and raised children. Next to the stove, a cradle hung on a flexible pole attached to the mat. Here, right next to the window, hand millstones were always placed - a grinding device (two large flat stones), so the corner was also called “Millstone”. The front part of the hut was the “Red Corner” (3). No matter how the stove was located in the hut (to the right or left of the entrance), the red corner was always located diagonally from it. In the very corner there was always a “Goddess” with icons and a lamp, which is why the corner also received the name “Saint”. The “back corner” has been masculine since ancient times (4). Here they placed a “konnik” (“kutnik”) - a short, wide bench in the shape of a box with a hinged flat lid; tools were stored in it. It was separated from the door by a flat board, which was often shaped like a horse's head. This was the owner's place. Here he rested and worked. Here they wove bast shoes, repaired and made utensils, harnesses, knitted nets, etc. Back. Table.

Slide 12 from the presentation “At Home in Rus'” for history lessons on the topic “Russian life”

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Russian life

“Christmas time” - Tinku Alina. Christmas time. They believed that God would punish those who worked on Christmastide: a person who weaves bast shoes on Christmas Eve evenings would have crooked cattle, and someone who sews clothes would have their cattle go blind. The Yuletide cycle was perceived as the borderline between the old and new solar year, as “ bad time", a kind of timelessness.

“Russian national cuisine” - St. Petersburg cuisine from the end of the 18th century to the 60s of the 19th century. Russian National cuisine. Cuisine of the Moscow state of the 17th century. All-Russian national cuisine 60s of the XIX - early XX centuries. Modern kitchen from 1917 to the present 3. Modern kitchen from 1917 to the present 4. Kitchen of the Peter and Catherine era of the 18th century.

“Izba” - A ring for the ochepa was screwed into the mat. The ceiling beams were laid on a massive beam - the matrix. A floor was installed above the entrance between the wall and the stove. The clergy sat down in a large place without refusing. 6-walled communication hut. The floors were laid along the hut from the entrance. There were benches and chests along the walls. The guest had to ritually refuse the place.

“At Home in Rus'” - The flat tabletop was revered as “the palm of God”, giving bread. 6. Why did they say in Rus' - “Without salt, without bread - half a meal”? What material was used to make dishes in Rus'? What is the purpose and location of the table in a Russian hut? House 100.

“Russian customs” - Tuesday is a flirt. Holidays in Russia there were many: 140-150 per year. Friday is mother-in-law's party. Easter. Wednesday is delicious. Warm-up questions. On Monday we celebrated Maslenitsa. When did peasants bake dough products in the shape of birds?

Do not shake hands across the threshold, close the windows at night, do not knock on the table - “the table is the palm of God”, do not spit in the fire (stove) - these and many other rules set behavior in the house. Home is a microcosm in the macrocosm, one’s own, opposed to someone else’s.

A person arranges his home, likening it to the world order, so every corner, every detail is filled with meaning, demonstrating the relationship of a person with the world around him.

So we entered the Russian hut, crossed the threshold, what could be simpler!

But for a peasant, a door is not just an entrance and exit from the house, it is a way of overcoming the boundary between the internal and external worlds. Here lies a threat, a danger, because it is through the door that they can enter the house and evil person, and evil spirits. “Small, pot-bellied, protects the whole house” - the castle was supposed to protect it from an ill-wisher. However, in addition to closures, bolts, and locks, a system of symbolic methods has been developed that protect the home from “ evil spirits": crosses, nettles, fragments of a scythe, a knife or a Thursday candle stuck into the cracks of a threshold or jamb. You can’t just enter a house and you can’t get out of it: approaching the door was accompanied by a short prayer (“Without God, no way to the threshold”), before a long journey there was a custom of sitting down, the traveler was forbidden to talk over the threshold and look in the corners, but a guest was required meet you at the threshold and let yourself go ahead.

What do we see in front of us when entering the hut? The stove, which served simultaneously as a source of heat, a place for cooking, and a place for sleeping, was used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In some areas people washed and steamed in the oven. The stove sometimes personified the entire home; its presence or absence determined the nature of the building (a house without a stove is non-residential). The folk etymology of the word “izba” from “ heating" from " drown, melt." The main function of the stove - cooking - was conceptualized not only as economic, but also as sacred: raw, undeveloped, unclean was transformed into cooked, mastered, clean.

Red corner

In a Russian hut, there was always a red corner located diagonally from the stove, where we can see icons, the Bible, prayer books, images of ancestors - those objects that were given the highest cultural value. The red corner is a sacred place in the house, which is emphasized by its name: red - beautiful, solemn, festive. My whole life was oriented towards the red (senior, honorable, divine) corner. Here they ate, prayed, and blessed; it was towards the red corner that the headboards of the beds were turned. Most of the rituals associated with births, weddings, and funerals were performed here.

An integral part of the red corner is the table. A table laden with food is a symbol of abundance, prosperity, completeness, and stability. Both everyday and festive life of a person is concentrated here, a guest is seated here, bread and holy water are placed here. The table is likened to a shrine, an altar, which leaves an imprint on a person’s behavior at the table and in general in the red corner (“Bread on the table, so the table is a throne, but not a piece of bread, so the table is a board”). In various rituals, special importance was attached to the movement of the table: during difficult childbirths, the table was moved to the middle of the hut; in the event of a fire, a table covered with a tablecloth was taken out of a neighboring hut and they walked around the buildings on fire with it.

Along the table, along the walls - pay attention! - benches. There are long “men’s” benches for men, and front benches for women and children, located under the window. The benches connected the “centers” (stove corner, red corner) and the “periphery” of the house. In one ritual or another they personified the path, the road. When a girl, previously considered a child and wearing only an undershirt, turned 12 years old, her parents forced her to walk back and forth across the bench, after which, having crossed herself, the girl had to jump from the bench into a new sundress, sewn especially for this occasion. From this moment on, girlhood began, and the girl was allowed to go to round dances and be considered a bride. And here is the so-called “beggar’s” shop, located near the door. It received this name because a beggar and anyone else who entered the hut without the permission of the owners could sit on it.

If we stand in the middle of the hut and look up, we will see a beam that serves as the basis for the ceiling - the matitsa. It was believed that the uterus is a support for the top of the dwelling, therefore the process of laying the uterus is one of key points construction of the house, accompanied by the shedding of grains and hops, prayer, and refreshments for the carpenters. Matica was attributed to the role of a symbolic border between internal part hut and external, connected with the entrance and exit. The guest, upon entering the house, sat down on a bench and could not go behind the mat without the invitation of the owners; when setting off on a journey, he had to hold on to the mat so that the journey would be happy, and in order to protect the hut from bedbugs, cockroaches and fleas, something found from a harrow was tucked under the mat. tooth.

Let's look out the window and see what's happening outside the house. However, windows, like the eyes of a house (window - eye), allow observation not only by those inside the hut, but also by those outside, hence the threat of permeability. Using the window as an unregulated entrance and exit was undesirable: if a bird flies into the window, there will be trouble. Dead unbaptized children and adult dead people suffering from fever were carried out through the window. Penetration only sunlight looking through the windows was desirable and was played out in various proverbs and riddles (“The red girl is looking through the window”, “The lady is in the yard, but her sleeves are in the hut”). Hence the solar symbolism that we see in the ornaments of the platbands that decorated the windows and at the same time protected them from the unkind and unclean.

A person arranges his home, likening it to the world order, so every corner, every detail is filled with meaning, demonstrating the relationship of a person with the world around him.

Doors

So we entered the Russian hut, crossed the threshold, what could be simpler!
But for a peasant, a door is not just an entrance and exit from the house, it is a way of overcoming the boundary between the internal and external worlds. Here lies a threat, a danger, because it is through the door that both an evil person and evil spirits can enter the house. “Small, pot-bellied, protects the whole house” - the castle was supposed to protect it from an ill-wisher. However, in addition to bolts, bolts, and locks, a system of symbolic methods has been developed to protect the home from “evil spirits”: crosses, nettles, fragments of a scythe, a knife or a Thursday candle stuck into the cracks of a threshold or jamb. You can’t just enter a house and you can’t get out of it: approaching the door was accompanied by a short prayer (“Without God, no way to the threshold”), before a long journey there was a custom of sitting down, the traveler was forbidden to talk over the threshold and look in the corners, but a guest was required meet you at the threshold and let yourself go ahead.

Bake

What do we see in front of us when entering the hut? The stove, which served simultaneously as a source of heat, a place for cooking, and a place for sleeping, was used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In some areas people washed and steamed in the oven. The stove sometimes personified the entire home; its presence or absence determined the nature of the building (a house without a stove is non-residential). The folk etymology of the word “izba” from “istopka” from “to drown, to heat” is indicative. The main function of the stove - cooking - was conceptualized not only as economic, but also as sacred: raw, undeveloped, unclean was transformed into cooked, mastered, clean.

Red corner

Table

Stalls

Matica

If we stand in the middle of the hut and look up, we will see a beam that serves as the basis for the ceiling - the matitsa. It was believed that the matka is the support of the top of the dwelling, therefore the process of laying the matica is one of the key moments in the construction of the house, accompanied by the shedding of grains and hops, prayer, and refreshments for the carpenters. Matitsa was assigned the role of a symbolic border between the inside of the hut and the outside, associated with the entrance and exit. The guest, upon entering the house, sat down on a bench and could not go behind the mat without the invitation of the owners; when setting off on a journey, he had to hold on to the mat so that the journey would be happy, and in order to protect the hut from bedbugs, cockroaches and fleas, something found from a harrow was tucked under the mat. tooth.

Window

Let's look out the window and see what's happening outside the house. However, windows, like the eyes of a house (window - eye), allow observation not only by those inside the hut, but also by those outside, hence the threat of permeability. Using the window as an unregulated entrance and exit was undesirable: if a bird flies into the window, there will be trouble. Dead unbaptized children and adult dead people suffering from fever were carried out through the window. Only the penetration of sunlight into the windows was desirable and was played out in various proverbs and riddles (“The red girl is looking through the window”, “The lady is in the yard, but her sleeves are in the hut”). Hence the solar symbolism that we see in the ornaments of the platbands that decorated the windows and at the same time protected them from the unkind and unclean.

The Russian hut has always been nice, solid and original. Its architecture testifies to its fidelity to centuries-old traditions, their durability and uniqueness. Its layout, design and interior decoration have been created over the years. Not many traditional Russian houses have survived to this day, but you can still find them in some regions.

Initially, huts in Russia were built from wood, with their foundations partially buried underground. This ensured greater reliability and durability of the structure. Most often there was only one room, which the owners divided into several separate parts. An obligatory part of the Russian hut was the stove corner, to separate which a curtain was used. In addition, separate areas were allocated for men and women. All corners in the house were lined up in accordance with the cardinal directions, and the most important among them was the eastern (red), where the family organized an iconostasis. It was the icons that guests were supposed to pay attention to immediately after entering the hut.

Porch of a Russian hut

The architecture of the porch has always been carefully thought out; the owners of the house devoted a lot of time to it. It combined excellent artistic taste, centuries-old traditions and the ingenuity of the architects. It was the porch that connected the hut with the street and was open to all guests or passers-by. Interestingly, the whole family, as well as neighbors, often gathered on the porch in the evenings after hard work. Here the guests and owners of the house danced, sang songs, and children ran and frolicked.

In different regions of Russia, the shape and size of the porch were radically different. So, in the north of the country it was quite high and large, and the southern facade of the house was chosen for installation. Thanks to this asymmetrical placement and the unique architecture of the facade, the whole house looked very unique and beautiful. It was also quite common to see porches placed on pillars and decorated with openwork wooden posts. They were a real decoration of the house, making its facade even more serious and solid.

In the south of Russia, porches were installed from the front of the house, attracting the attention of passers-by and neighbors with openwork carvings. They could be either two steps or with a whole staircase. Some home owners decorated their porch with an awning, while others left it open.

Seni

In order to retain the maximum amount of heat from the stove in the house, the owners separated the living area from the street. The canopy is exactly the space that guests immediately saw when entering the hut. In addition to keeping warm, canopies were also used to store rockers and other necessary things; this is where many people made storage rooms for food.

A high threshold was also made to separate the entryway and the heated living area. It was made to prevent cold from entering the house. In addition, according to centuries-old traditions, each guest had to bow at the entrance to the hut, and it was impossible to go inside without bowing before the high threshold. Otherwise, the guest simply hit the doorframe naked.

Russian stove

The life of a Russian hut revolved around the stove. It served as a place for cooking, relaxation, heating and even bathing procedures. There were steps leading up, and there were niches in the walls for various utensils. The firebox was always with iron barriers. The structure of the Russian stove - the heart of any hut - is surprisingly functional.

The stove in traditional Russian huts was always located in the main area, to the right or left of the entrance. It was considered the main element of the house, since they cooked food on the stove, slept, and heated the entire house. It has been proven that food cooked in the oven is the healthiest, since it retains all the beneficial vitamins.

Since ancient times, many beliefs have been associated with the stove. Our ancestors believed that it was on the stove that the brownie lived. The garbage was never taken out of the hut, but burned in the oven. People believed that this way all the energy remained in the house, which helped increase the family’s wealth. It is interesting that in some regions of Russia they steamed and washed in the oven, and were also used to treat serious diseases. Doctors of that time claimed that the disease could be cured simply by lying on the stove for several hours.

Stove corner

It was also called the “woman’s corner” because all the kitchen utensils were located there. It was separated by a curtain or even wooden partition. Men from their family almost never came here. A huge insult to the owners of the house was the arrival of a strange man behind the curtain in the corner of the stove.

Here women washed and dried things, cooked food, treated children and told fortunes. Almost every woman did needlework, and the quietest and most comfortable place for this was the stove corner. Embroidery, sewing, painting - these were the most popular types of needlework for girls and women of that time.

Benches in the hut

In the Russian hut there were movable and fixed benches, and chairs began to appear in the 19th century. Along the walls of the house, the owners installed fixed benches, which were secured using supplies or legs with carved elements. The stand could be flat or tapered towards the middle; its decoration often included carved patterns and traditional ornaments.

There were also mobile benches in each house. Such benches had four legs or were installed on solid boards. The backs were often made so that they could be thrown over the opposite edge of the bench, and carved decor was used for decoration. The bench was always made longer than the table, and was also often covered with thick fabric.

Men's corner (Konik)

It was located to the right of the entrance. There was always a wide bench here, which was fenced on both sides wooden planks. They were carved in the shape of a horse's head, which is why the male corner is often called "konik". Under the bench, the men kept their tools intended for repairs and other men's work. In this corner, men repaired shoes and utensils, and also wove baskets and other products from wicker.

All the guests who came to the owners of the house for a short time sat down on the bench in the men's corner. It was here that the man slept and rested.

Women's corner (Seda)

This was important in women's fate space, since it was from behind the stove curtain that the girl came out during the viewing party in elegant attire, and also waited for the groom on the wedding day. Here women gave birth to children and fed them away from prying eyes, hiding behind a curtain.

Also, it was in the women's corner of the house of the guy she liked that the girl had to hide the sweeper in order to get married soon. They believed that such a sweeper would help the daughter-in-law quickly become friends with her mother-in-law and become a good housewife in her new home.

Red corner

This is the brightest and most important corner, since it was considered sacred place in the house. According to tradition, during construction, he was allocated a place on the eastern side, where two adjacent windows form a corner, so the light falls, making the corner the brightest place in the hut. Icons and embroidered towels were sure to hang here, as well as in some huts - the faces of ancestors. Be sure to put it in the red corner big table and ate food. Freshly baked bread was always kept under icons and towels.

To this day, some traditions associated with the table are known. So, it is not advisable for young people to sit on the corner in order to start a family in the future. It is bad luck to leave dirty dishes on the table or sit on it.

Our ancestors stored cereals, flour and other products in hay barns. Thanks to this, the housewife could always quickly prepare food from fresh ingredients. In addition, additional buildings were provided: a cellar for storing vegetables and fruits in winter, a barn for livestock and separate structures for hay.