When choosing technology and material for building a house, many owners prefer houses made of timber. This decision is due to several positive aspects, including the ability to independently carry out all the necessary work. Let's consider how to build houses from timber with your own hands so that the end result is a beautiful and reliable building.
The choice of suitable quality wood is the first and one of the most important aspects that determines the success of construction. And since wood, like any other material, has its own characteristics and advantages, it is worth taking a responsible approach to its selection and purchase.
The first characteristics that you should pay attention to when choosing wood are its density and strength. For various breeds wood, this indicator is different and there are even some that are in no way inferior to metal. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to this during the selection process, since even small house made of timber must be built in such a way as to withstand heavy loads without problems.
Here are the basic requirements that must be met good house from timber:
- walls must be strong, reliable and durable;
- the level of heat and noise insulation must be sufficiently high;
- the project must be designed in such a way that loads do not provoke subsidence and deformation of the walls.
If you decide to build a house from timber, then achieving these indicators is more than realistic. And, nevertheless, you still have to put up with some of the shortcomings of wood. For example, timber has an extremely low level fire safety. In addition, it tends to react negatively to precipitation, partially deforming as a result of its impact.
Important! The process of sedimentary deformation is especially relevant for the first few years of operation of the house. In the future, if this is observed, it will be to a much lesser extent.
It is best to build a house from timber from coniferous trees. Thus, you will receive several advantages at once: the service life of such timber is quite long, while it is extremely resistant to rotting processes, has a low weight, which has a positive effect on the foundation and does not crack over time.
Thus, choosing the right material is no less important than compliance with the prescribed construction technology. During the purchasing process, you should pay attention to the quality of the purchased wood, choosing only best material, which can last for many years.
Do-it-yourself timber house: which is better, solid, glued or profiled timber?
There are two types of timber: solid and profiled. Both options are used for building houses, but in order to make a choice in favor of the most suitable option, it is worth considering the advantages and disadvantages of both.
Construction of a wooden house from profiled timber: advantages and disadvantages
If profiled timber is used for construction, a profile will be required. IN in this case these can be tenons or crown grooves. With their help, the timber is fastened along its entire length, after which it is polished. Typically, timber for construction is sold in a completely finished form, so the owner can only assemble the structure from the provided elements. Here are the advantages of such a solution:
- The resistance to deformation of such buildings is extremely high;
- With this technology, costs are significantly reduced;
- the technology for building such a house is somewhat simpler than in all other cases;
- the surface of the walls is smooth, which eliminates the need for additional sheathing;
- Rain and melt water will not collect inside the walls, so the level of protection against rot can also be called quite high.
Important! In the process of producing high-quality profiled timber, certain calculations are made that help prevent precipitation from getting into the crown joints.
Clear and beautiful shape material allows you to quickly and efficiently carry out all the necessary construction works. In addition, such houses are characterized high level thermal insulation and have an attractive appearance.
Once a profiled home is settled, there is no need to waste time and effort caulking the walls. The natural wind protection of the walls of such a house will be quite sufficient, and the thermal insulation is also quite decent due to high density crown connections.
Of course, like any other material, profiled timber also has its drawbacks. For example, it does not tolerate any atmospheric influences well. In addition, the material ignites extremely easily and actively supports combustion. In order to somehow reduce these negative factors, the wood must be treated with a special protective impregnation.
Important! Due to exposure to natural atmospheric humidity in warm weather, timber cracks quite often. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look for a material whose humidity was initially reduced to no less than 20%. They do this by resorting to chamber drying technology.
Another important aspect– the thickness of the walls made of profiled timber is not enough for comfortable living in the rather harsh climate of our country. Therefore, it is best to resort to additional external insulation.
Construction of a wooden house from timber: advantages of using solid timber
Of course, it is worth paying attention to the construction of houses from solid timber. Despite the fact that its appearance is significantly inferior to the first option, it is used quite widely in construction and has some advantages. One of the main ones is cost. Another important factor is that during the preparation of wood, its natural moisture content is preserved, which significantly reduces the duration preparatory stage and eliminates the need for a number of additional activities.
Buying solid timber is somewhat easier than any other type, since the production of this material takes significantly less time. Moreover, in order to build quality house made of timber does not require the use of special equipment.
But this solution also has its drawbacks:
- The surface of the walls will definitely require serious finishing work, which will increase costs. Most often, such houses are sheathed with siding or clapboard;
- there is still a danger of acquiring low-quality material due to inexperience;
- solid timber is susceptible to fungus, since no special drying procedure is provided. This can be partly solved with the help of special impregnations, but this will also entail costs;
- Due to the roof joints, such a house is blown quite heavily. Therefore, you will have to think about high-quality thermal insulation in any case;
- Very often, after shrinkage, cracks appear in the wood.
Features of building houses from laminated veneer lumber
Turnkey houses made of laminated veneer lumber are not uncommon today. This wood product is very actively used in construction and is quite suitable for independent implementation of the project. One of the main advantages of this solution is that the frame of the house is built quite quickly. The walls are extremely durable and can withstand heavy loads.
Thanks to a special production technology, you don’t have to worry that the laminated timber will crack or deform under the weight of the roof, due to the fact that the fibers of the lamellas are directed towards different sides. Glued laminated timber can be called environmentally friendly pure material. True, there is one subtlety here - during production, it is important how high-quality the adhesive composition was used, since it is its components that can have a negative impact on the health of people living in the house. That is why the price of a house made of laminated veneer lumber should not be too low.
Glued laminated timber resists fire better than all other similar materials. For such a house to catch fire, it will take approximately 10 minutes of continuous exposure to open fire. This type of timber is also resistant to rotting and mold.
Interesting! Insects do not live in walls made of glued beams, since each part is thoroughly dried and held together very tightly. For the same reason it does not get inside rainwater and snow.
The main stages and important nuances of building a house. Budget projects based on various materials and the right ways savings.
Taking into account the price of building houses from laminated veneer lumber, before starting construction it is useful to pay attention to what the owners of such buildings say, because only they can provide the most truthful information about the quality and practicality of using such houses.
“We contacted a company that builds houses from laminated veneer lumber on a turnkey basis. The construction itself took approximately 1.5 months. This is our second year living here and we have already survived one winter. I can say that the house is very comfortable. The heat is retained well, and there are no problems with the wind blowing.”
Vyacheslav, Yaroslavl
“It’s not surprising that the cost of a house made of laminated veneer lumber is the highest. While I was studying the options, I read many times that this is the most the best option. That's why I built one for myself. In general, wooden houses made of laminated veneer lumber are like a good construction set: it’s extremely easy, pleasant to work with, and everything is done very quickly.”
Yuri, Krasnodar
Wooden houses made of timber: preparation for independent construction
Having decided which type of timber is most suitable for building your house, you can move on to preparatory work and purchasing materials. The easiest way is to order a beam of the required size. Then all that remains to be done is to put it in a box according to the instructions from the manufacturer.
During the preparation process, be sure to ensure that the wood used is of the proper quality. If large cracks are detected (especially through ones), the element must be replaced. It is also necessary to inspect for traces of insects. In addition, we should not forget about the importance of treating the material with antiseptic agents.
In order to carry out all the necessary work on constructing a structure yourself, you will need a set of tools, which must include:
- electric or gasoline saw;
- building level;
- electric drill;
- yardstick;
- perforator;
- axe;
- hammer;
- electric screwdriver;
- nails, screws and other fasteners.
It is equally important to have a drawing of a house made of timber. In the process of compilation detailed plan all necessary calculations must be carried out. And although all this can be done independently, many prefer to turn to specialists to eliminate the risk of an error that could lead to serious consequences.
On what foundation should you build a house made of timber: rules for choosing
Having prepared all the necessary drawings and materials, you can begin laying the foundation of the future house. And in order to choose the most suitable type of foundation in a particular case, it is worth taking into account the following factors:
- characteristics of the soil available on the site;
- calculations that allow you to determine the expected load on the foundation;
- other design features of the house.
Both wooden and concrete foundations can be used as a base. Moreover, they often resort to the second option, laying a brick plinth on top, and then laying timber walls on top. Although wooden base is also quite acceptable.
The construction of a timber house can be carried out on a columnar foundation, as well as on a strip foundation. They also resort to both deep and shallow foundations. But given the small final weight of the structure, usually the base is not made too large. Most often, 50-70 cm is enough for the house to stand securely.
How to build one-story houses from timber: step-by-step instructions for building walls
Building a house from timber with your own hands without construction experience is actually not such a bad idea as it might seem at first glance. It is quite possible to do the installation yourself, especially if you decide on the assembly technology in advance. The walls themselves are laid out in rows, simply laying the next layer on top of the previous one until the wall reaches the desired size.
The fit of the logs to each other is ensured by special grooves. But these places must be additionally insulated to prevent heat loss. And in order to increase the strength of the walls, it is recommended to additionally fasten the beams together using special spikes.
There will be a minimum amount of hassle if you use untreated pine timber, since due to its low weight, laying out can be done manually, without using special equipment.
When erecting timber walls yourself, it is worth remembering two basic rules:
- all seams must be caulked to reduce the wind flow of the walls;
- After the walls are laid, they must be opened with a special compound that will give them additional strength and fire resistance.
Otherwise, anyone can build one-story houses made of timber: glued, solid or profiled. Simple, but efficient technology will make the structure strong and reliable.
How to build a house from timber: features of roof and floor installation
In an attempt to save money on building a house from timber, many make the common mistake of not paying due attention to the quality of the roof. Cheap materials, such as ondulin, are often used for it. It is categorically not recommended to do this, since the roof is, first of all, safety.
Depending on the capabilities, as well as the individual preferences of the developer, the roof can have the most different kind. It depends on the type of roofing and rafter system. But in any case, each section should be equipped using boards of different sizes, for example, if elements of 150x40 mm were chosen for the rafters, then 100x40 mm should be taken for the racks and braces.
As for the features of floor arrangement, the main factor here is the choice of the home owners. The main thing is to take care of the proper level of heat and waterproofing so that the coating does not soon become unusable. The same applies to ceiling installation.
Important! If the house has a basement or basement, it is worth paying attention to the issue of waterproofing it. In this case, it is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing material before leveling or pouring the screed.
In order to ensure the proper level of waterproofing in a wooden house, the following materials can be used:
- waterproofing in rolls;
- coating materials;
- filling systems;
- penetrating moisture protection.
Of course, houses made of timber for permanent residence require investment, but it is better to immediately take care of the availability quality basis and roofs, so that in the future you will not have to correct the consequences of mistakes made. The same applies to all materials for thermal and waterproofing.
Features of finishing a house made of timber: photo examples
Having understood the features of the technology for constructing houses from timber, it is worth paying attention to some nuances finishing. First of all, work is carried out on the installation of interior partitions, windows and doors. After this, the subfloor, insulation and finishing coating are laid. Be sure to finish the ceiling.
Important! All work on laying communications (water supply, energy supply and heating) must be completed before the start of finishing work.
Concerning exterior finishing, then there are many options: you can leave everything as is, so that the log house looks as natural as possible. But in this case, you should make sure that the timber you use looks attractive enough for this. Another option is to cover the walls using siding and then paint it. Lining and other similar materials are used in the same way.
Turnkey timber houses: examples, projects, prices and descriptions
Despite the simplicity of the technology, not every site owner wants to bother with building a house on their own. Therefore, there are special companies that are ready to build a turnkey house from timber, implementing one of the standard ones or your personal project. Let's consider what the best construction companies are ready to offer their clients.
Turnkey house made of profiled timber from the DomaTo company
The first standard project of a turnkey timber house, the price and quality of which will pleasantly please the customer, is called D1. It covers an area of 7x9 m and its total area is just over 125 m². Such dimensions allow the whole family to comfortably accommodate.
This house is made of timber with an attic, that is, in fact it has 1.5 floors. In addition, the plan includes a spacious terrace, as well as a spacious balcony on top floor Houses. IN summer time year, this territory is simply irreplaceable for recreation.
Let's take a closer look specifications and features of this structure:
- initially the project provides columnar foundation, but if desired, the company’s specialists are ready to individually calculate a strip or pile-screw foundation for your home;
- the strapping is made of 100x150 mm timber. Elements of the same size are placed as floor joists, in increments of 90-100 cm;
- for the walls of the first floor, profiled timber 95 (145 or 190) mm by 145 mm on jute fabric is used. Interior partitions are made of timber 95x145 mm;
- the walls of the second floor are profiled timber 95x145 mm;
- The windows are provided with double glazing. All accessories are also included. Entrance door metal, without fittings;
- for rafters, boards of 40x100 or 150 mm are used, maintaining a pitch of no more than 90 cm;
- the roof of the house is ondulin (you can choose the color: brown, red or green);
- the height of both the first and second floors is 2.5 m. Lining is used for lining the ceilings;
- The staircase to the second floor is wooden and can be either single or double flight.
The exact cost of building a turnkey timber house will be calculated individually by the company’s specialists, taking into account many factors, including the individual wishes of clients. The only thing that can be stated with complete certainty is the cost of materials that this company offers:
- timber 100x150 mm – 744 rubles;
- timber 150x150 mm – 806 rub.;
- timber 150x200 mm – 898 rub.
We can say with confidence that building houses from turnkey timber may not be the cheapest option, but it is more than worth it, since it saves you from having to do everything yourself.
Helpful advice! Before you finally decide on the company that will build your house, it is advisable to talk with specialists from several companies. You can order free construction cost estimates from them, and then choose the most profitable one for yourself.
To summarize, we can say that a house made of timber is great idea, which is actually not that difficult to implement. Almost all the necessary work, if desired, can be carried out independently. You can also contact one of the companies that specializes in this issue and can quickly and efficiently build a turnkey house from laminated veneer lumber.
“Woodstyle” - a house made of laminated veneer lumber: photos, description, reviews, cost
You can consider in more detail the question of how much it costs to build a house from timber using the example of this model. The construction company advertises the cost from 1,303,170 rubles. At the same time, the total area of the house is 118.37 m² (9.7x9.3 m).
So, this price for a house made of laminated veneer lumber from the manufacturer “Kedr” includes the following types of work:
- laying the foundation;
- construction of walls made of laminated veneer lumber 2.7 m high. The assembly technology involves the use of wooden dowels, which are located at a distance of 1.5 m. In addition, a 5-mm flax-jute fabric is laid between the crowns. All surfaces must be treated protective composition;
- used for floors waterproofing material– hydroglass insulation;
- to cover between floors, beams of 50x200 mm are used;
- For attic floor use timber 50x150 mm;
- rafters – timber 50x200 mm. made from edged boards 25x100, the pitch of which is 25 cm. It is used as a roofing material.
Interesting! This company offers its clients an interesting service - weekly photo reports on the work done by email. This allows you to observe the process without wasting time traveling to the construction site.
Turnkey one-story timber houses: project OD-7 8x12
As an example one-story house Let's consider the project proposed by the Domabrus company. The price of building a house from timber in this case directly depends on the thickness of the material used. Customers are offered three options to choose from:
- timber 100x150 mm – 720,000 rubles;
- timber 150x150 mm – 806,000 rubles;
- timber 200x150 mm – 900,000 rubles.
Initially, a support-column foundation is provided, however, it is possible to replace it with a pile-screw foundation for an additional fee. For tying, timber of natural humidity 150x150 mm is used for the 1st row and 150-100 mm for the 2nd row. The floor joists are made of 50x150 mm timber in increments of 60 to 70 cm.
The material used for the walls is timber of natural humidity 90x140 mm along with jute insulation, the thickness of which is 4 mm. For partitions, the same timber is used, but without insulation. The log house is assembled on wooden birch dowels.
For the ceiling, take a beam of 50x100 mm in increments of 60-70 cm, and then additionally hem Eurolining of category “B” and roll insulation, which provides the proper level of thermal insulation. Vapor barrier material laid on both sides. Usually "Nanoizol" or its analogues are used.
Rafters – timber 50x100 mm, located at a distance of 800 mm. “Ondulin” is used as a roofing material in one of three colors: brown, cherry or green. The 30-centimeter overhang is hemmed with clapboard.
The windows in the house are wooden, with double glazing, as well as all the necessary fittings. In addition, solid interior doors are also installed.
Helpful advice! If you are in no hurry to move, you can order a house made of timber for shrinkage. In this case, the structure must stand for 6-12 months without finishing materials.
Finnish houses made of laminated veneer lumber: what is it and how do they differ from the rest
Having become interested in the question of how to build a house from timber, every reader will certainly come across the wording “Finnish house from timber”. Let's look at what it is and what advantages these buildings have.
These houses got their name thanks to a Finnish company that produced laminated veneer lumber of excellent quality. Thanks to the latest technologies, as well as considerable experience in this field, their products have won a leading position in the market, which was the reason for the appearance of this name.
What advantages do they have in comparison with their Russian counterparts and why do many people prefer them? The answer is extremely simple - it all depends on the quality of the raw materials used. Of course, the market situation is constantly changing, and today many domestic companies are quite capable of competing with Finnish ones, but the reputation of the latter still keeps them at the forefront.
The price of a house made of timber, built according to Finnish technology, is determined by many factors and aspects. This includes the materials used, as well as the size and complexity of the structure. All this can be calculated in advance by drawing up detailed project and estimate.
What secret does Finnish-made laminated timber keep? Historically, in the post-war years, Finnish producers abandoned the use of trees that grew on their own. For this purpose, areas throughout the country were specially planted. The same growth conditions and care did their job, and almost all the trees were different same size and shape, which significantly improved the quality of the laminated timber that was made from them.
Interesting! To date Finnish houses have extremely little in common with Finland, and in fact this phrase practically means simply profiled timber made according to special technology.
It is important to understand that the price of building houses from this type of timber is almost never low, and is usually at least 2 times higher than its Russian counterparts. This is due to many factors, including careful product quality control, as well as our own unique technology manufacturing.
Rules for caring for a house made of timber: how to extend the life of a wooden house
Looking through the options for houses made of timber: photos, prices and characteristics, many wonder what needs to be done to make the structure last as long as possible. Let's consider the recommendations of experts on how to properly care for a wooden house and what can be done for each of its component parts:
- The roof of a timber house requires additional protection from exposure to moisture, since it is this that leads to the destruction of the structure. To avoid this, external roof covering must be complete and of high quality, and technical inspection must be carried out at least 2 times a year. You also need to regularly clean the roof of dry leaves, moss, lichens, etc. Otherwise, moisture may accumulate there. It is extremely important to prevent scratches on the surface, since even seemingly minor defects can cause a serious reduction in the performance of the roof.
- The walls of a house made of timber also require maintenance, which should be reflected in regular treatment with a protective composition that prevents the appearance of fungus and mold. Most problem area joints are considered, so more attention must be paid to their inspection and processing. It will also be extremely useful to treat the surface with fire retardants, which will prevent combustion and protect the house in the event of a fire.
- Oddly enough, windows and window openings wooden house also require careful care. So, in order to prevent rotting processes, it is necessary to apply to them several times during the year. special compounds in the following order: antiseptic, primer, water-dispersion paint.
If you regularly pay due attention to a wooden house, you can be sure that it will serve well for many years, without succumbing to the destructive effects of external factors.
How to build a house from timber yourself: video instructions for beginners
Since the price of a turnkey prefabricated timber house is often quite high for buyers, many prefer to carry out the installation themselves. And in order to avoid common mistakes in this case, it is worth watching the training video. Building a house from timber is a task that is feasible for everyone. You just need to listen to some tips and recommendations.
Recently, among residents rural areas and owners summer cottages It has become fashionable to build houses from wooden beams. The desire to have a wooden house in your yard is quite understandable, because at all times wood was considered an environmentally friendly material. Currently available for purchase ready-made options wooden house, but their cost is very high. Therefore, it is better to build a house from timber with your own hands, we will talk about this in this article and consider detailed instructions for all stages of the work.
We bring to your attention an article on the topic: “How to build a house from timber with your own hands step-by-step instruction with photo".
As a foundation for a house of this type you can use: columnar, strip or slab foundations. When choosing the type of foundation, you should calculate the weight of the future structure; if you know the number of cubes of lumber, then the calculations are very simple. It is very important to study the geological conditions of the area: find out the composition of the soil, determine the indicators groundwater and view the structures of adjacent premises, if any. The foundation is an important component of a wooden house; it will determine how strong and reliable the house will be. In this case, we offer a standing strip foundation.
Assembling the log house.
When erecting walls, you should decide on the specifics of proper assembly. The correct technology involves assembling the walls in stages - in rows. The beam is placed on the previous log, thus creating walls. Each log has grooves with which you can tightly connect the beams. You can use felt, moss or hemp as a sealant; all these materials are offered in rolls and can be purchased in a special store.
To save profiled timber, you can immediately leave openings for windows and doors. 
Surface finished walls can be treated with a special liquid that will make the house durable, moisture-resistant and fire-resistant. If you are planning to build a two-story house, then the first floor should be about 2.5 meters, after the beams are laid to the required level, the second floor is built. It is very important to leave openings for windows and doors; this should be taken into account when developing the project.
Erection of the roof and installation of floors.
The type of roof should be selected taking into account the characteristics of roofing materials and rafter systems. Each section of the roof is constructed from boards of different sizes. The most simple option is a gable roof. Remember, the more folded the roof structure is, the more problems may arise in the future, you may be faced with the need to carry out repair work. After erecting the frame, the roof is covered with roofing materials, this can be: slate, metal tiles or profiled sheets. In our case it is ondulin.
It is advisable to build the floor in two stages, first of all laying the subfloor, vapor barrier, placing thermal insulation material, then the floorboard. If you plan to live in this house in the winter, then it is better to choose a board of at least 36 mm. The flooring on the second floor is installed in exactly the same way. The subfloor is created using edged boards.
Decorating the house.
The last stages in the construction of a wooden house are the external and interior decoration Houses. Finishing work should be carried out after the house has settled down; if raw material was used during the construction process, then you must wait a year and a half. During the interior finishing process, they are installed interior partitions, window frames, door frames and a staircase leading to the second floor. It is important to consider the laying of communications, water supply, sewerage, electricity and heating. To minimize material costs, use only high-quality lumber. As for the exterior decoration of the house, in this case you can paint the timber in the desired shade, or add another highlight. But the most important rule, you should start finishing only after the house has settled.
In this case, dry material was used. The walls were erected from profiled timber 100x150 mm, the gables were covered with dry clapboard, batten— 27 mm, URSA insulation 50 mm. Therefore, all finishing was done immediately.
Conclusion.
Construction of a wooden house is a serious and labor-intensive process. We considered only the most basic stages of construction, without giving special attention installation of sewerage, connection of electricity, water supply, arrangement of the second floor and the adjacent balcony. In the photographs you can see the basic principles of construction, thanks to them you will be aware of what is happening on the construction site in your absence.
You might also like:
What to make a greenhouse from inexpensively, with your own hands in 2016 How to properly cover a wooden house with siding and insulation yourself? 
Is it necessary warm corner in a log house - is there any point in doing it? 
The log house is all cracked - what to do? 
How to make paths at your dacha inexpensively with your own hands - ideas for summer residents
After a hard week at work, you always want to have a good rest. And for this you need to go to nature outside the city, to your home. You can build a house from timber with your own hands if you have a small plot of land. You can landscape it yourself, install water and heating there, make sewer system. You will want to spend every free day in this house, and eventually move into it.
Dacha design
A house made of timber is erected without experience in construction in several stages:
- design;
- laying the foundation;
- laying crowns;
- roof;
- finishing and laying of communication systems.
The timber has rectangular shape, which allows you to initially obtain uniform walls and reduce construction time. An important point is also that it can only be used for the construction of houses up to a maximum of the 3rd floor. It has several more positive features:
- good performance properties;
- ecologically pure;
- design and others.
A house made of wood is quite warm due to its tight fit wooden elements during construction. Wooden houses are also advantageous because the internal and exterior decoration It’s quite easy; you can use various decorative elements.
Before you move on to building a dacha, you need to make a design and calculate how much this construction costs.
It is better to order a building project from construction companies. Their technical specialists will calculate everything down to the smallest detail in terms of soil characteristics, construction technology, amount of material, and will even find you a developer.
But in order to save money Money It’s better to develop your own drawings, calculate the number and cost of elements. In the case of the construction of several floors, the project must have floor plan drawings. With a finished project, you need to contact a special institution to obtain permission to build a house.
If you have made or ordered a drawing, then after receiving the appropriate signatures and the approved project, we proceed to the foundation.
Laying the foundation
Main structural element of any building is the foundation. Before creating a project, it is very important to decide on the type of foundation of the house. If a mistake is made at the beginning of construction, an incorrectly designed foundation will lead to negative consequences When operating the house, serious problems will arise such as:
- warp of the base;
- cracks in the supporting structure;
- deformation and others.
The reliability of the building's foundation is the durability and quality of construction.
There are several types of foundations used in the construction of country houses:
- from screw piles;
- tape and others.
In areas outside the city where soil moisture is high, foundations made of screw piles are often used.
Its advantages are as follows:
- cost savings of 2-3 times (compared to strip foundations);
- easy to do yourself;
- construction time - 1-2 days;
- high reliability;
- you can work with it at any time of the year;
- application for complex landscapes.
As practice shows, this structure should be erected and poured independently, since it will be much cheaper and more reliable than the work of so-called “specialists.”
The most popular base today in the construction of houses. Its advantage is that any house can be built on it, it is durable and less expensive. The base is quite strong, it uses much less building materials, and the time allotted for work is reduced significantly.
How to make a strip foundation yourself:
- First, let's mark the area around the perimeter of the house.
- Then we designate the location interior walls(carrying). The width of the dug trenches should exceed the width of the walls by at least 10 cm, and the depth should be above the freezing level of the soil, but not less than 0.6 m.
- Pillows made of crushed stone and sand (10 cm each), poured into the trench, need to be filled with a half-smaller layer of concrete (5 cm).
- Formwork made from 2.5 cm boards must be installed so that its top is visible above ground level (about 0.4 m).
- For reinforcement, use 1 cm rods in two layers. The structure of them is laid longitudinally, then transversely, and the intersection points are secured with strong wire with a gap of about 5 cm.
- For concreting, the popular type of cement M400 is used. To mix the solution, take it together with sand in a ratio of 1:3.
- Concrete is poured into the trenches with a special pump or shovel.
The main thing is to prevent bubbles from appearing before it hardens. This is done using special technology. The concrete surface (not hardened) is periodically sprayed with water.
After pouring, construction of the house is suspended for a month. This is necessary for the concrete to harden and prepare to take on a heavy load.
Construction of a building
How to build a house from timber with your own hands? To build a warm and cozy cottage, you should take the choice of materials seriously. As practice shows, it is better to use timber made from coniferous trees, as it is strong and durable. There are two types:
- profiled;
- whole.
Let's consider each of them separately.
Profiled timber
It differs from the solid one in that it has crown grooves or tenons over the entire surface. Building a house from it is quite easy and quick.
The advantages of such a building:
- excellent thermal characteristics;
- modern design;
- smooth walls that do not require additional cladding;
- the design does not allow moisture to enter the inter-crown seam.
- is easily flammable (to eliminate this drawback, it should be impregnated with special means);
- requires insulation on both sides when living in the cold season;
- redevelopment in a house built from profiled timber is impossible.
This material should be chosen with a humidity of no more than 20% (this is achieved in special dryers for wood).
Solid timber
It has many advantages, but outwardly it looks bad. The process of preparing it for installation is quite fast. You can purchase the material at any construction company and on construction market at minimal cost.
How to build a house from solid elements after choosing the material:
- it is worth preparing for the fact that there will be additional costs for its finishing (siding, lining) to give it a more aesthetic appearance;
- use wood only highest quality; Before use, it should be treated with antiseptic agents (to prevent the appearance of fungus).
In solid slats, the inter-crown seams are weaker than in profile ones. When wood shrinks and subsides, cracks and cracks appear. They are eliminated with the help of sheathing, which leads to additional costs.
We build a house from solid elements:
- The first crown is made on a double layer of waterproofing, which covers the foundation. The quality factor of the building depends on its assembly. As a rule, elements measuring 150x150 mm are used.
- The insulation is laid 0.3 meters more than the width of the foundation itself.
- Then we assemble the walls from timber, which we pre-treat with an antiseptic. Each rail needs to be processed.
The tree is laid out in rows. If the timber is solid, its grooves are additionally insulated with special material. For strength, the elements can be connected with special spikes.
Roof of a wooden house
The roof, as the final stage of building construction, should also look efficient and original. To begin with, lay the Mauerlat (it is better to use 150x150 elements) and attach it with hardware to the crown.
The rafter frame defines the shape of the roof. All parameters of the rafter system are specified in advance in the project. Slats up to 180 mm wide and 50 mm thick are secured with steel plates.
We install the rafter frame and cover it with a layer of high-quality vapor barrier. Then we install the sheathing (across the rafters) using nails. The distance between the slats will depend on the type of roofing material:
- tiles - solid (slats end to end);
- slate, corrugated sheeting - with a distance of 0.3 m.
It is worth remembering that a wooden house “shrinks” over several years. During this period, you can live there, but it is strictly forbidden to decorate and tile it.
150x150 with your own hands, we will tell you in detailed instructions with photo and video materials.
Some secrets are revealed for successfully completing the basic activities of building a house.
How economically, but without losing quality, to acquire your own housing for many years.
What to pay attention to and do the job correctly.
It's easy to do it yourself. with your own hands it is easier from a wooden beam. Wood is a traditional material with time-tested quality.
The production of finished softwood timber in our time is represented by a wide number of options. In the presence of finished project It is possible to order material for a template.
Production will take a long time, but will be compensated for during installation.
7 steps to realizing your dream
After making a decision to build housing, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures.
The best time for this is considered to be late autumn and winter. It is necessary to spend a lot of time on all actions and it is advisable to time this period by the beginning of the construction season from mid-Vienna to early autumn:
- Decide on .
- Order or buy ready-made.
- Order and purchase basic material.
- Carry out preparatory work.
- Prepare consumables.
- Purchase a tool.
- Conclude agreements with contractors.
How to build a house from timber with your own hands
First stage. Preparation of the land plot
- clearing debris and vegetation,
- alignment is performed using special equipment,
- marking the formwork using pegs, cord and level,
Important! It is necessary to use the services of a specialist. The quality of construction depends on this process.
Second phase. Construction of the foundation according to the developed project
Main types of foundation
- ,
for houses with a basement or cellar. - Pile foundation,
for problematic soils. - shallow depth,
for a small house.
Third stage. Construction of load-bearing walls and partitions of a house made of wooden beams
Materials
Material used for self-installation should be dry and light
Necessary tool
- Electric circular saw.
- Drill with a set of wood drill bits.
- and roulette.
- Ax and hammer.
- Nails and screws.
Work process
The first crown is laid on the foundation along the perimeter. Previously, the foundation is laid with roofing felt, as waterproofing, and a layer of jute.
For information! The crown is called rows of timber laid vertically. Jute sealant is necessary to seal the seams between the beams.
Subsequent crowns are mounted according to the layout of the project. Between themselves wooden parts connected by dowels. Through holes drilled with a smaller diameter than the thickness of the stud. They hammer it in with a hammer, and cut off the excess protruding part to fit the base.
The bars are connected to each other, in places of ligation with the partitions using a tongue-and-groove ligament. In the corners, for greater strength, three types of joints are used:
Important! It is easier to cut connection nodes using a pre-made template. The cuts are made taking into account the allowance for the insulation. The connections will be smooth and reliable nodes.
Jute is also placed between the crowns and in the joints. On the second crown, beams for flooring are embedded. Under each part, at a distance of 1.5 meters, supports are laid out from ceramic bricks. After installation of the fourth crown, a rough flooring is made from boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm.
Subsequent rows of timber are laid identically to the previous ones, but taking into account the details for door and window openings.
For ease of operation and safety, when lifting parts, slopes with a stopper are used. The device is made of two boards with padded wedge stops. The slopes rest against the wall with the upper edge, and the lower edge is held on the ground by a stopper. With the help of a rope, the timber is lifted up the wall along the slopes by one person. Scaffolding is assembled inside the room.
Important! Each new row of laid timber is monitored by level without fail.
The final two crowns are mounted around the entire perimeter and above all openings. Completes the process of assembling the log house, laying ceiling beams. Then the Mauerlat is matted onto them to assemble the roof.
We equip the openings of doors and windows with casing boxes made of boards at least 30 mm thick. We fasten them with simple nails. The casings play the role of compensators during the shrinkage of a new building and do not allow the rows of timber to deform.
Before installing the roof, an upper ceiling deck made of boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm and an attic floor are sewn on.
Fourth stage. Roofing device
To install roofing structures and coverings, it is necessary to use the services of a team of specialists. This is a responsible job, the result of which determines the comfort, coziness, and service life of the entire house,
Fifth stage. Installation of blocks
After the house has settled, window and door blocks are installed to close the perimeter before finishing. Then insulation and finishing of external walls. Insulation of the attic space.
Sixth stage. Finishing
The final stage of all construction activities is the finishing of internal walls and ceilings. Installation engineering systems life support.
Conclusion
When building a house with your own hands, you can save significantly on the main stage of building construction. , so as not to allow their own.
The assembly itself is not difficult to perform; it is enough to see it once and follow the project correctly.
The result will be positive.
A full-fledged solid timber log house has always been not only considered a symbol of prosperity and good taste, but also demonstrated the owner’s desire to take care of the well-being and health of his household. The construction of a wooden house from timber can be considered the most justified from an environmental point of view, maintaining a healthy indoor atmosphere and ensuring good thermal insulation. The widespread use of timber materials has always been hampered by the high price of timber and quite complex technology construction of a wooden house.
Features of the construction of premises and buildings made of timber
When using the technology of constructing wooden houses from timber, it is necessary to take into account that wood has always been a capricious material that requires careful compliance with all technological operations:
- The properties of wooden beams depend on the moisture content of the wood, so during the construction process it is necessary to make allowances for possible shrinkage and deformation of the timber beams;
- The technology for constructing wooden houses and buildings involves performing a large number of manual operations such as sawing, cutting grooves and joining joints, so the quality of construction depends on the carpentry skills of the builders;
- Construction of any wooden buildings from simple profiled timber, they are carried out in two stages, initially the building frame, frame and roof are assembled, and only after six months or a year they begin finishing operations.
Important! After laying the walls, the house is made of lumber material humidity gradually increases, because of this the wood becomes softer and more pliable, which invariably leads to the building frame settling under its own weight.
Even laminated veneer lumber, the wood of which is impregnated with resins and adhesives, can change their rigidity, which leads to the formation of cracks and divergence of joints.
Highlights of the technology for constructing wooden log houses
In addition to its high sensitivity to conditions and storage method, wood also has such an unpleasant drawback as different strength and rigidity of the wooden material in different directions of application of force to the beam. Therefore, during the construction of a building, to obtain maximum adhesion strength between individual beams and side surfaces, special methods of joining beams are used:
For sealing joints at joints, especially if construction is carried out from ordinary timber, be sure to use flax fiber tow; in the old days, grated dry moss was laid. Many builders consider moss more resistant to moisture and decay and often use it in construction. wooden baths, dachas or country cottages from timber.
Important! Immediately after purchasing the material and at least two weeks before the start of construction, the timber must be treated with a high-quality antiseptic and fire retardant in an organic solvent.
How to build houses from timber
Simple construction technology and the relatively light weight of the material make it possible to assemble wooden buildings of almost any complexity, provided that the design of a log house is previously calculated and worked out in detail with the layout of all the key elements of a wooden building.
The process of constructing the main frame of the house consists of the following steps:
- Laying the foundation;
- Assembly of walls, interwall bulkheads and ceilings;
- Assembling the roof truss structure, arranging the roof and sealing the gables;
- Finishing operations.
The construction technology does not require the use of heavy lifting and transport equipment. Moreover, a small wooden house can be built almost alone, but it is better to work with a team of two or three people, especially since the installation of a roof truss frame measuring 4x5 m cannot be accomplished by one person.
How to make a foundation when building a timber box
It is generally accepted that wooden structure timber building boxes have high rigidity, so it can be installed on almost any known type of foundation. In practice, a newly folded structure, until settlement is completed and the walls are finally strengthened, has only 50% rigidity. After construction is completed, there are considerable cracks and gaps in the joints and joints, clogged with tow or moss. As you type required humidity the wood of the beam swells and sets into a rigid wooden box.
The most difficult time for a “fresh” timber house is winter with severe frosts. At that time wood material the walls dry out and partially lose their rigidity at the joints. If the construction of a house made of timber was carried out on insufficiently deeply screwed piles with weak lower crown or an insufficiently rigid grillage, there is a danger of opening the crowns of the walls with the formation of cracks under the pressure of heaving soils.
Most often, for the construction of a wooden building, a pile or pile-grillage foundation is used, less often for small frame houses You can use a strip, shallow version of the foundation base. Timber beams, like any wooden structural element, are especially sensitive to moisture and dampness, therefore best choice There will be the use of pile-grillage types of foundation. Besides, competent arrangement ventilation and ventilation of the basement parts of the building will be provided good protection timber and long service life.
Laying timber walls
After installing the waterproofing, the first crown row of beams is laid on the grillage or foundation strip. When constructing a foundation strip, anchor bolts are embedded into the concrete surface at intervals of 60-70 cm, with the help of which the first row of timber is secured.
When laying out the first crown, you will need to make every effort to accurately level the concrete base under the beam horizontally. If it was not possible to make a horizon, you will need to trim the surface of the timber, otherwise the next rows wooden beams they will lie unevenly, and the walls will turn out crooked. The trimming procedure sometimes has to be used, especially if the beams themselves have slight deviations. All cuts and surfaces must be treated with antiseptics and preservatives. At the next stage, in increments of 40-50 cm, logs are laid under the future floor.
Usually, before construction begins, wooden material is sorted and rejected to get rid of the most defective and crooked timber. Rejected parts are used for short inserts and tie-ins.
The connection and joining of the beams is carried out in the classical way, the corners and side joints are connected “half-tree” with the obligatory ligation of the next row with a solid beam, as in the photo.
At corners and at beam insertion points ceiling, logs and internal bulkheads, the dowel connecting at least three rows of timber must be hammered in. In this case, you can use not only metal, but also a two-wedge version made of the same wood as the wall material.
Sometimes corner joints are made in the form of a dovetail joint or a dressing with a T-shaped joint.
As the beams are laid on the walls, cross beams are simultaneously inserted onto which they will be mounted. internal partitions and floors. But while construction and construction wooden box the building is not completed, partitions cannot be installed. Even temporary working platforms for moving along walls are reduced to two or three boards.
During the construction of walls, the frame and vertical panels of the outer parts, porch, hallway, and outbuildings are assembled. They are also left uncovered for now.
Only after the ceiling beams have been laid and the rafter system with lathing, you can move on to laying floors, installing partitions and bulkheads.
Finishing and finishing operations
If the construction of a wooden house from timber is made from dry or high-quality glued material, after six months you can install the roof. Otherwise, they put in a draft version. Installing a roof usually involves the use of a sliding connection at the point where the rafter rests on the top row of timber used as a mauerlat. At the ridge run, pairs of rafters are connected using a steel plate and bolts. Thus, during the process of settlement and subsidence of the walls, the rafter beams have the ability to change the slope, thereby compensating for the formation of a gap between the roof and the upper beam. Immediately after assembling the rafters, the sheathing is filled, a vapor barrier and waterproofing material are laid.
The roof gables are temporarily covered with vertical clapboard and covered with plastic film until the shrinkage processes are completed. Finishing operations begin after the building has been standing for a year. Finishing comes down to repeated treatment with an antiseptic, caulking of cracks, installation of bulkheads and door hatches, windows. Internal surfaces wooden walls after thermal insulation are most often covered with plasterboard.
Conclusion
Construction of a log house requires at least skills in working with wood and good knowledge of the methods and methods of joining timber. Having built a bathhouse or a small shed with your own hands, you can move on to building a summer house, and only after successfully building a wooden country house is it worth trying to work in a team of professional carpenters in order to fully understand the intricacies of building a house from timber.
