Example four pitched roof- view from above
The hip roof is the most popular of all types among individual developers. The article will discuss the design of a hipped roof, do-it-yourself installation features, installation rafter system and other important issues. A video tutorial is also provided. It will help you build the roof of your house with your own hands quickly and competently.
Contents of the article about constructing a hip roof with your own hands, videos, projects
Construction of a hipped roof
A do-it-yourself hipped roof has a simple structure. About the construction of the roof of a private house. Main structural elements:
- Mauerlat;
- rafter legs;
- runs;
- racks;
- struts;
- sheathing;
- roofing covering.
To have a basic understanding of how to make a hipped roof, consider step by step guide works.
Step 1 - Mounting the Mauerlat
The first stage of installing a hipped roof is installing the Mauerlat. For this purpose it is used wooden beam section 10x10, 10x15, 15x15 cm and more. The timber must be solid. Importance is given to securing the timber. If the wall is stone, reinforced concrete is made in the support area of the Mauerlat monolithic belt. It is pre-installed with embedded parts in the form of studs with a thread of at least M12. It is possible to mount studs in masonry with special spacer dowels. Mauerlat connections are made lengthwise into an overlay (not end-to-end) with many connection points.
Waterproofing is done between the armored belt and the Mauerlat. For this, roofing material is used and laid in several layers.
This stage is the same as when installing single-pitched and gable roofs. In these articles you will find Additional information on this topic:
Step 2 – Laying the beds on the load-bearing partitions
An important step in constructing a rafter system during the construction of a hipped roof is laying the planks on the partitions load-bearing structure. Then we will install on them support posts. With absence internal partitions Reinforced floor beams are installed to install the racks. 5x2cm boards are suitable for covering. The racks are installed on the beam. Considering the increased load on this element, it is made from 10x20cm timber.
Step 3 - Installing Support Posts
The posts are attached to the beams or floor beams. After leveling, they are secured with temporary supports made of boards using self-tapping screws. To fasten the racks, a corner and metal plates are used.
- When installing a rafter system for a hip hip roof, the racks are placed in 1 row in the center of the roof directly under the ridge with a distance of more than 2 meters.
- When installing hip roof racks are placed on diagonal lines. They should be placed at an equal distance from the corner. The height of the racks is determined in accordance with the roof design.
Laying purlins on racks. For hip roof This is a simple ridge purlin; for a tent purlin, the purlins are laid in the form of a rectangle. Angles and screws are used to secure the elements.
Step 4 – Installation of rafters, rafter system of a hipped roof
The rafter system of a hipped roof consists of side and diagonal rafters. To know how to make a hipped roof, you need to be able to install all the elements of the rafter system.
Installation of side rafters
The side rafters are installed in a similar way compared to a gable roof. A board with a rafter width of 150 mm and a thickness of 25 mm is attached to the ridge beam near the outer post. The top cut is marked on the template and cut out. The rafter rests on the ridge beam. The template is applied to the ridge and the bottom cut is marked to rest on the Mauerlat. Each rafter is adjusted to its location. We mark and cut out the rafters. We install them on the ridge girder and mauerlat. For fastening we use corners, screws and staples. The pitch of the rafters is 50-150 cm. The fastening of the rafters to the mauerlat is shown in the figure.
Installation of diagonal rafters
We support the diagonal rafters gable roof the top side on the rack and the bottom on the corner of the Mauerlat. We make cuts in the boards at an angle of 45 degrees. It is not difficult to determine the length of the corner rafter; we will not go into detail; the figure shows the necessary information. The distance between the diagonal rafters is filled with sprigs. Their installation pitch is equal to the calculated rafter pitch. We rest the upper part on the diagonal rafter, and the lower part on the mauerlat. A notch is made in the upper part.
Installation of trusses
The rafter system of a hipped roof is completed with the installation of these elements. The lower quarter of the diagonal rafters bears the greatest load. That is why trusses are placed under them - special vertical supports. Their installation is similar to ridge posts on reinforced beams. Struts are installed under the side rafters. Their bottom edge rests against the floor beams or beams. The top edge is installed into the rafter leg at an angle of 45 degrees.
The hip roof rafters are installed. Now you can proceed to the next stage of installing a hipped roof with your own hands.
Step 5 – Lathing installation
Lathing is necessary for quality flooring roofing. Today the most popular. The highest quality lathing made of bars or boards. They are laid parallel to the ridge in increments of 50 cm. We lay a plank covering from the ridge to the overhang. If soft ones are used roofing materials, lay 1 or 2 layers of boards.
The materials used for lathing are pre-treated with antiseptics. Antiseptics for external use are suitable for this. We reviewed these materials in another article.
Broken hipped roofs
This type of roof can be safely classified as broken. This option is most suitable when constructing an attic. First, the U-shaped structures are installed, then the purlins are installed, after which the rafter legs are installed. We won’t go into details, because the features devices broken roofs we have already looked at.
The hipped roof was made with our own hands. All that remains is to watch the video - installation of a hipped roof and roof diagrams (projects).
Video about installing a hipped roof with your own hands
Friends, we hope that this information will be really interesting and useful to you! People who have started the construction of any structure must have an idea of what is needed for what, what parts the structure consists of, what materials they will need and how much this or that material costs. Before starting construction, you need to develop a plan for the structure and indicate all the parameters. Let's consider one of important details building and it will be a hipped roof and its rafter system.
Hip roof design
Roof insulation depends on the layout of the house and other factors and must be carried out according to the rules
A hip roof is not an easy task, but if you have carpentry skills, the necessary skills, tools and a couple of friends who are ready to help you, this task will be within your power.
You can choose a different type of roof for your building, and a hipped roof is ideal for a large house.
But before you start any construction, you will need to get ahead of what exactly you want to build and what the structure should be like, allocate funds and determine the approximate time for construction.
The main thing is to have the strength, desire and means. We wish you good luck and inspiration!
Roofs with complex shapes attract Special attention to the architecture of the building. Hip roofs are popular when constructing country houses. Four slopes located in different planes give the home a respectable appearance. Most often, slopes are performed different shapes: two of them are triangular and act as pediments, two have a trapezoid shape.
Design advantages
Installation of hipped or hip roof In addition to the aesthetic appearance, it also has practical advantages:
- in the attic, surrounded by a roof on all sides, a comfortable temperature is maintained;
- the rafter structure is strong and durable;
- high resistance to winds and precipitation;
- the space under the roof can be used for an attic.
Types of hipped roofs
Having common ground, subtypes of such coatings differ slightly in design:
- – classic version with two triangular hips and two trapezoid-shaped slopes.
- Semi-hip - triangular slopes have a shortened shape, this design is made for attic equipment.
- Tent - has the shape of a pyramid with triangular slopes. Suitable for square building.
Design
The angle of inclination for the slopes is selected based on the recommendations of the roofing material manufacturers and natural features. For a soft roll roof, an angle of up to 18 degrees is sufficient; for slate, an angle of 15–60 degrees is suitable, and underneath it is worth laying a slope of 30 to 60 degrees.
The amount of precipitation in winter is of great importance; if a significant amount of snow falls, it is better to choose steep slopes on which precipitation is less retained.
When designing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account a lot: the cross-section of the beam, the length of the rafters, the size of the run, the pitch of installing elements. All possible roof loads are clarified at the design stage, these include:
- weight of the selected roofing covering;
- annual precipitation;
- weight of insulation and waterproofing;
- installation of various equipment on the roof (antennas, lights, windows, etc.);
In addition to the inherent loads, the roof of the house must have a safety margin that guarantees the stability of the structure in an unforeseen situation. Timber and boards are used to construct the rafter system. If there is a need to strengthen the elements, the boards are doubled.
Before starting work, all lumber is treated with an antiseptic.
Sequence of work
Installation of the roof begins with securing the load-bearing base - the Mauerlat. This is a beam with a cross section of 150x150 mm, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Its horizontal placement is controlled by a level. The beam should not be on the edge of the wall, you need to leave a distance of 5–7 cm. The Mauerlat is fastened to studs embedded in the masonry, which are tightened with nuts. This beam allows you to connect the rafter system and the walls of the house into a common structure.
To install the racks, floor beams or beams are required. These elements are made from beams measuring 100×200 mm or double boards. All supports are installed strictly vertically and attached to the bed metal corner or plate. For a hip roof, the racks are installed in one line, and a ridge purlin is attached to them. When erecting a hip-type roof, the supports are placed diagonally, equal distances are set aside from the corner. As a result, they form a rectangle on which the purlins are laid. Fastening is done with corners.
The side rafters are installed after processing according to the template. A thin board is taken as a blank, applied to the purlin and the cut is marked. The second end rests against the Mauerlat and the lower cut is outlined. The required number of rafters is prepared according to the template and installed with the selected fastening pitch, it can range from 60 cm to 1 meter. The connection to the purlin and base occurs with staples or self-tapping screws.
Sloping rafters with a ridge purlin form the angle of inclination of the slopes. These rafters are located diagonally and carry additional load, so double boards are used for them. The cutting of the slanted rafters is carried out according to a template, their length takes into account the overhang of 50 cm. In the upper part, the slanted rafters are connected by a crossbar to give strength. When installing a hip roof, the slanted rafters are connected at the ridge unit using tie-rods. The rafters are installed at an angle of 90 degrees and are certainly connected to the walls using wire clamps.
Short rafters or rafters are attached to the diagonal rafters. They are made of different lengths, but must be parallel to each other. The rafts, together with the ordinary rafters, form the side slopes. For the tent model, installing the extensions and fastening the racks, struts and trusses is also the final stage of construction.
To relieve the load from the diagonal rafters, trusses are installed under them. These are vertical supports that rest on the beds. The side rafters are secured with struts. One of the horses of the board rests on the leg, and the second is cut at 45 degrees and attached to the rafter leg.
Lathing and insulation
Completing the construction of the roof will allow it to be insulated basalt wool or foamed polystyrene. The material is laid between the rafters. The roof will be protected from moisture by a layer of waterproofing. The dimensions of the sheathing depend on the type of roofing; on the hip type, soft tiles look attractive; they require a continuous sheathing.
Watching a video explaining the nuances of installing rafters will help you conduct construction correctly.
Video
See how the rafter system is installed:
Reading time ≈ 4 minutes
The hip (hipped) roof gives the house a sophisticated look. The special design of the roof makes it possible to additionally protect the structure itself and its walls from moisture. Therefore, building a roof with four slopes is optimal for regions with high rainfall and strong winds.
Stages of building a hipped roof
The first stage of building a roof is determining the purpose of the roof (covers the attic floor, attic, etc.), choosing the roofing material (depending on this, the list of materials for construction will be determined), taking into account the atmospheric conditions of the place where the roof will be used (wind, rain , snow).
Choosing a hip roof will give the building greater resistance to rain and make it more durable (the rafter system is more reliable). The main difference between this type of roof and a gable roof is that instead of side gables, it has two triangular roof slopes.
When choosing the angle of inclination of the slopes, you should take into account the level of precipitation and wind characteristics of the area. For low and medium annual precipitation, it is recommended to choose an angle within 4-40 degrees. In case of heavy snowfalls and prolonged rains, the recommended optimal angle The slope of the slopes is within 40-60 degrees.
The roofing material can be: roll roofing, tiles or metal tiles.
Depending on all the above nuances, the thickness and other parameters of the wooden component of the hipped roof will be selected.
The end result of the first stage is the creation of a diagram of the future roof, on the basis of which construction will be carried out.
We will describe further technology on how to make a hipped roof with your own hands.
The second stage is to build the base for the roof. The base is used to evenly distribute the load from the roof to load-bearing walls. The construction of a hipped roof requires a base that can be built on your own - a wooden mauerlat and beds. Waterproofing is required under the base to extend the service life of the roof. A mauerlat is placed on the hydraulic barrier along the outer contour of the building (the size of this beam varies, either 100x150 mm, or 50x150 mm).
Lezhni - a beam located in the plane of the base of the rafter system at the same distance from the two side mauerlats. It serves as a supporting element for struts and racks, so it is laid on load-bearing partitions(see drawings of a hipped roof). Large roof structures may include several roof decks.
The third stage involves the direct installation of the roof frame (base, rafters, sheathing).
Structurally, the construction of a roof in a house with or without existing floors differs (in this case there is no need to lay floor beams on which supports will be installed).
The installation of racks (vertical supports of the roof frame) should be approached with particular care. It is necessary to accurately maintain the installation angle (90 degrees). At the slightest deviation, further deformation of the roof is possible. The installation pitch of the racks is up to two meters.
The structure of a hipped roof of a house consists of four planes (slopes). Two trapezoidal and two triangular. Trapezoidal slopes will be formed by side rafters, hip (triangular) slopes - by slanted (diagonal) rafters.
The rafters at the top of the frame are supported in the ridge beam (purlin). This timber goes on top of the vertical posts (possibly a groove connection to the posts). The distance between the rafters is from 50 to 150 cm (according to the roof plan). The recommended width of the rafter board is 150 mm.
The frame is fastened using corners and steel plates with self-tapping screws (nails). To strengthen the resulting structure, diagonal supports, struts, and wind beams are used. They allow you to increase permissible load systems.
Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. Then a counter-lattice is made (bars that are attached to the rafters on top of the waterproofing). It is needed to create ventilation duct between roofing material, sheathing and waterproofing. This will allow moisture to be removed quickly and effectively. Next, the sheathing is performed - horizontal boards are attached from the bottom to the very top to the counter-lattice (see diagram of the hipped roof structure).
The last step is the installation of roofing material. Installation is carried out depending on the parameters of the material. Example.
In the wide variety of types of roofs, hipped structures occupy a special place. They stand out from other solutions with a special style, have excellent wind protection and can withstand snow loads well. As a rule, the under-roof space of a hipped roof is habitable, so you need to pay attention to the calculation of the rafter system, slopes and volumes of living space. It is important to choose the type of roofing and the type of insulating layer, as well as the method of inserting pitched windows. Safe methods installation of a complex hipped structure will make it possible to make high-quality and reliable roof, which will last for many years.
Types of hipped roofs
Hip roofs include hip, half-hip and hip roof types. They differ from gable ones in the absence of pediments and gables, as well as in the configuration of the slopes.
- For hipped or pyramidal roofs, the slopes have the shape of isosceles triangles, their vertices converging at one point.
- Hip roofs have two triangular (hips) and two trapezoidal slopes.
- Semi-hip structures have cut-off gables due to the presence of a living space under the roof.
Photo gallery: hipped roofs
The four slopes of the hip roof have the shape of isosceles triangles 
The hip roof type is characterized by the presence of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes 
The half-hip roof has truncated triangular hips and trapezoidal gables
Hip-slope roofs are highly resistant to multidirectional wind loads and do not accumulate snow. Usually, attic space is made habitable, so windows are hermetically cut into the slopes various designs. Hip and hip roofs have a smaller attic volume than gable sloping roofs, but have a more advantageous appearance. Since the hipped structure is difficult to construct, it is necessary to make accurate calculations of the geometric parameters and the amount of building materials required.
Calculation of a hip roof
Roof calculation is a very important process, on which the strength of the future hipped structure depends, savings building material and the opportunity to organize largest volume residential under-roof space. A four-slope roof implies the presence of Mauerlat beams firmly fixed to the walls of the house, horizontal tie rods and a central purlin, on which the load-bearing rafter group rests. Exact dimensions structural elements will allow you to calculate and incorporate into the project the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes. This setting depends on the following factors:
- wind and snow loads on the slope planes;
- selected roofing covering;
- building size;
- useful volume attic room.
The steepness of the slope is selected depending on the maximum possible volume of the attic space
Based on the listed factors, you need to choose the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, which middle zone usually ranges from 40 to 60 o. Then you can proceed to the calculation of the main elements necessary for the installation of the rafter system and roofing.
Skate height calculation
To calculate the height of the rafter system, the selected slope angle and the width of the building are used. In the case where the height of the ridge is not reflected in the project, this parameter can be calculated experimentally using a measuring cord, a beacon vertical beam and a construction protractor.
Calculation of the height of the ridge at the selected angle of inclination of the slope is carried out using well-known formulas for calculating triangles
The height of the ridge is calculated using the formula H = d ∙ tg α, where H is the height of the ridge, d is half the width of the building, α is the angle of inclination of the slope. The rafter legs rest on the ridge purlin and have a cornice overhang; this must be taken into account to obtain the true height of the ridge in order to avoid errors in calculations.
The length of the ramp needs to be known to determine the parameters truss structure and calculating the amount of roofing material and insulation. It is also important when choosing the size and quantity skylights. When the width of the building and the height of the ridge are known, the length of the slope can be calculated using the formula L = √h 2 + d 2, where L is the length of the slope, h is the height of the ridge, d is half the width of the building.
The length of the slopes and hips of a hipped roof may vary and is calculated using simple geometric formulas
In the case when the height of the ridge and the angle of inclination are known, the length of the slope is calculated by the formula L c = H k / sin β, where L c is the length of the slope, H k is the height of the ridge, β is the angle of inclination of the slope, and the length of the hip is by the formula L in = H to / sin α, where L in is the length of the hip, H to is the height of the ridge, α is the angle of inclination of the hip.
The size of the eaves overhang is added to the estimated length of the slope in order to correctly determine the length of the rafter legs and the roof area.
Calculation of roof area
The roof area needs to be known to calculate the amount of roofing material, which is purchased taking into account cutting and overlaps. It is also important in determining required quantity diffusion membrane, insulation and vapor barrier film. The area of the slopes and hips is calculated using standard formulas for trapezoids and triangles:
- S с = (a + b) ∙ h/2, where S с is the area of the slope, a and b are its base, h is its height;
- S in = a ∙ h/2, where S in is the area of the hip, a is its base, h is its height.
The total area of the hip roof is calculated as the sum of the areas of two trapezoids and two triangles
Summing up all the obtained values, we obtain the roof area. For tent structures, the area of the triangle is calculated and multiplied by four.
Calculation of the volume of under-roof space
Calculation of the total volume of the under-roof space has no practical significance during construction. But it may be required in the future, when calculating heating and ventilation. The living volume of the insulated attic, including the flight of stairs, is calculated. The room under hipped roofs is limited by a ceiling, a roof with pitched windows and vertical posts along the lines of which insulation occurs. After cladding attic floor you can calculate the living volume of the under-roof space, which is conventionally divided into separate parts with a simple cross-section in the form of a rectangle, triangle or trapezoid. Then the area of the calculated part is multiplied by its height according to the formula: V = S ∙ H, where V is the volume of the part of the room, S is its area, H is its height.
To calculate the volume of the attic space, the living space is divided into parts with a horizontal section in the form of simple geometric shapes
The volume of a rectangular parallelepiped is calculated by the formula V = a ∙ b ∙ c, where V is the volume of the parallelepiped, a, b, c are its sides. For a hipped roof, the formula V = a 2 ∙ h / 3 is used, where V is the volume of the pyramid, a is its side, h is its height. Next, all the obtained values are added up and the total volume of the attic space is obtained.
Lumber calculation
The amount of material for constructing a hipped roof depends on the size of the building, the design of the rafter system and the length of the slopes, so we can only consider the basic principles of calculating lumber. In order to make the most accurate calculation, you need to know the design of a hipped roof, as well as the name and purpose of its elements.
To count lumber, you need to know the name and purpose of all structural elements of the roof.
The roof with four slopes consists of the following parts:
- Mauerlat. It is attached to the walls of the house along the entire perimeter and serves as a support for the rafter group. For it, choose a beam with a cross-section of at least 150X150 mm.
- Puffs. They are attached to the mauerlat at a right angle and serve as support for the vertical posts of the lower part of the rafters, providing a cornice extension. The puffs are made from boards with a cross-section of 50X250 mm or timber 100X200 mm.
- Ridge run. It rests on vertical posts (they are made from 50X150 mm boards), is made of 50X200 mm timber and serves as an upper support for the rafter legs.
- Central, intermediate, side rafters and short rafters. They are elements of the rafter group, which provides desired angle the slope of the slopes and the strength of the roof. For the rafters, lumber with a cross section of 50X200 mm is used, and their installation pitch is 80–120 cm.
- Auxiliary struts, vertical posts and trusses. They are made of material with a cross-section of 50X150 mm and serve to additionally strengthen the most loaded structural elements.
- Lathing. It is made from boards with a cross-section of 25X200 mm, laid in increments of 40 to 60 cm. For soft roofing materials, a continuous lathing made of multi-layer plywood is used.
The calculation of the wood required for construction is individual for each house, so to develop an algorithm for correct calculation we will give only a few recommendations:
Sometimes it becomes necessary to convert the linear dimensions of a material into cubic meters, so we present a table that will help with this.
Table: amount of lumber of different sections in 1 m3
Standard material has a length of no more than 6 m, and its further lengthening must be done by reliably strengthening the joints with racks and slopes. If you decide to select and calculate lumber yourself, then in all doubtful situations, try to consult with specialists.
The wood must have a moisture content of no more than 22%, otherwise when it dries in the assembled state under load, warping and cracking of the material may occur. Before assembling the roof, it is very important to saturate everything with an antiseptic and fire-retardant compound. wooden parts and let them dry naturally.
Video: hip roof frame
Calculation of roofing materials
To calculate the required amount of roofing material, the value of the area of the slopes is used. Trapezoidal and triangular slopes have different configurations and are calculated depending on the size of the coating sheets. In addition, when calculating the roofing material, it is necessary to take into account the longitudinal and transverse overlap. For example, a standard sheet of metal tiles has a width of 1180 mm, the technological groove, which prevents water from penetrating, provides an overlap of 80 mm, therefore, the useful width of the sheet is 1100 mm. The longitudinal overlap of the sheets is 130 mm, and manufacturers produce products taking this parameter into account. The length and area of standard metal tile sheets are equal to:
- 480 mm and 0.385 m2;
- 1180 mm and 1.155 m2;
- 2230 mm and 2.31 m2;
- 3630 mm and 3.85 m 2.
Based on these values, the consumption of metal tiles is calculated.
The dimensions of different roofing materials may differ from each other, in addition, the triangular and trapezoidal shape of the slopes requires optimal cutting, so a more accurate calculation method can be used. It is based on knowledge of the useful dimensions of the covering and on a scaled drawing with the dimensions and configuration of the slopes.
To determine the exact amount of roofing material, you can display the arrangement of sheets on a real-scale roof drawing
The roofing material is calculated by applying conventional covering sheets with the optimal length and usable width to the drawing. The advantages of this method are that it is possible to calculate the number of sheets of different lengths for the entire surface of the slope and minimize losses in cutting the material in advance. In this way, you can calculate the amount of roofing for a hipped and half-hip roof.
Calculation of the required amount of slate
The calculation of the number of slate sheets depends on the choice of material type, since it can be six-, seven- and eight-wave. To calculate, you also need to know the angle of inclination of the slopes, because the amount of longitudinal and transverse overlap depends on it. It is regulated by the set of rules SP 17.13330.2011 and for slopes with a slope of more than 25 o is equal to 300 mm in the longitudinal direction and one wave in the transverse direction. The dimensions of the eight-wave sheet are 1130X1750 mm with a wave pitch of 150 mm, and the useful area is 1.57 m2. Based on these dimensions, you can calculate the number of sheets either from the known area of the slopes, or from a drawing made on a real scale. To do this, it is necessary to divide the total area of the slopes by the usable area of one sheet. For example, a slope of 36 m2 will require 36 / 1.57 = 22.9 ≈ 23 sheets.
Calculation of slate can be done by drawing a diagram of its location on the roof drawing, taking into account the sequence of laying sheets
The calculation of slate must be linked to the sheet laying scheme because this will reduce the amount of waste, reaching up to 30% and inevitable when complex form stingrays In the case of using lighter euro slate (ondulin), you need to take into account that its dimensions differ from slate and are equal to 950X2000 mm with a wave pitch of 95 mm and a useful area of 1.6 m 2. The longitudinal overlap for ondulin should be equal to 200 mm, and the transverse overlap should be equal to one wave. On small slopes the difference is useful areas slate and ondulin will not be so noticeable, for example, for the slope of 36 m2 considered above, the same 36 / 1.6 = 22.5 ≈ 23 sheets of ondulin will be needed. But for large roofs the calculations will give different values.
Slate has been used as a roofing covering for over a hundred years and continues to be popular, and with the introduction of painting technology, it is non-flammable and durable material sparkled with new colors.
Calculation of eaves overhang and drainage system
During the construction of hipped roofs important has a drainage system. The walls of the house and the foundation blind area are protected by a cornice, the calculation of which is based on the intensity of precipitation and the width of the blind area. According to the recommendations of SP 17.13330.2011, if a cornice is not equipped with a drainage system, its offset should be at least 600 mm. According to SNiP 2.02.01 83, the width of the blind area should be in the range from 0.7 to 1.2 m for different soils, therefore the cornice overhang should be at least 700 mm. The cornice provides not only protection for the walls, but also ventilation of the under-roof space, condensate drainage and a base for fastening drainage system. You can calculate the cornice and materials for its filing based on its design.
The size of the cornice depends on the intensity of precipitation in the construction region, the width of the foundation blind area and the design of the overhang
The eaves overhang is installed along the entire perimeter of the building, so the calculation of materials is made based on the total length of the overhangs of all roof slopes. The design of the cornice includes the following elements:
- frontal board 30X250 mm, which is attached to vertically cut rafters;
- bars for the first sheathing with a section of 40X100 mm and bars for sheathing with a size of 40X50 mm;
- metal drips for condensate drainage and cornice strips;
- perforated soffits 650 mm wide, J-profiles and F-chamfers;
- drainage system brackets.
The calculation of the drainage system of a hipped roof is made along the length of the front board on the eaves of each slope. At the corners of the building, the drainage can be combined, but the diameter of the funnel and vertical pipe should be increased.
The drainage system of a building consists of gutters, drainage funnels and pipes, as well as transition and fastening elements
The number of elements of the drainage system should be calculated according to the following principle:
- brackets for fastening gutters must be mounted with a slope of 2 to 5 degrees and at least every 60 cm. To determine their number, the length of the front board must be divided by the selected step and the result rounded up. So, with a slope (and front board) length of 8 m and a pitch of 0.6 m, 8 / 0.6 = 13.3 ≈ 14 pcs. will be required;
- The length of the gutters must be calculated along the perimeter, taking into account couplings, plugs and corner elements. Since the standard length of gutters is usually 2 m, their number is determined by the formula N = P / 2, where N is the number of gutters, P is the perimeter of the building;
- funnels must be installed every 10 m;
- The length of the drainpipes should be calculated according to the height of the building and taking into account the rotating elements so that the lower edge extends beyond the boundaries of the blind area. The number of drainpipes is calculated as the quotient of the height of the building divided by the length of the standard pipe section, which for most manufacturers is 1 or 1.5 m.
The sizes of gutters and pipes depend on the catchment area they serve:
- with an area of 70 to 120 m2, gutters with a width of 125 mm and pipes with a diameter of 90 mm are required;
- for roof sections with an area of 120–160 m2, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm and gutters of 150 mm are needed;
- For large areas For the catchment area, pipes with a diameter of 125 mm and gutters with a diameter of 200 mm are installed.
The dimensions of the components may vary depending on the material (metal or plastic), so the parameters should be checked with the supplier before purchasing.
Video: hip roof calculator
Materials used in the construction of a hipped roof
For hipped roofs, basically the same materials are used as for conventional gable or broken structures. But in some cases, the design features of the hip elements impose certain restrictions on the use of a particular coating.
Roofing pie for a hipped roof
Each layer of the roofing pie performs a strictly defined function and ensures the safety of the rafter group. The roofing material protects the roof from atmospheric influences and is mounted on the sheathing, but on metal roofing condensation forms. To remove it, a diffusion membrane or waterproofing film is used. Ventilation gap a counter-lattice is created between the roofing material and the film.
Each element of the roofing pie performs strictly defined functions to protect the house from moisture and temperature changes
A layer of insulation is laid between the rafter beams, providing comfortable temperature in a residential area. To prevent the insulation from getting wet and caking, it is isolated from the lower rooms vapor barrier film. It protects the rafters and heat insulation from moisture particles in the air. Then the internal sheathing is mounted on the rafters, and the finishing material attic room.
Video: attic insulation, roofing pie
Roofing options for a hipped roof
The choice of roofing option for a pitched roof depends on the owner’s preferences, but not all materials are suitable for roofs with a large slope. The fact is that roll materials are exposed to sun rays become plastic, and this leads to a violation of the integrity of the roofing. Hip-slope roofs mostly belong to steeply sloped structures, so you can use on them those materials that the manufacturer recommends for installation when the slope is steeper than 30 degrees.
For hipped roofs, you can choose only those roofing materials that are recommended for use with a slope of 30 degrees or more
These include any types of tiles, metal sheet coverings, slate and ondulin. The high strength and durability of these materials allows them to withstand temperature changes, heavy snow and wind loads without critical deformations.
Additional elements for a hipped roof
Roofing elements that allow covering the joints and junctions of roofing materials, as well as those intended for roof maintenance, are called extensions. For different types roofing, there is a certain set of additional elements, although there are also universal parts, which include aprons for inserting aerators, stairs and ladders, as well as kits for installing pitched windows.
At the final stage of roof installation, additional elements are used to protect joints, ends and junctions
The main additional elements must be classified according to their location on the roof, therefore they are distinguished:
- Ridge extensions at the junction of slopes and the junction of the slope and hip, which include ridge strips of various configurations and plugs.
- End additional assemblies, consisting of wind and cornice strips, as well as drip edges.
- Junction nodes, among which the internal and external corner strips are most often used.
- Chimneys used to protect stove and ventilation pipes.
Sometimes for complex cases A painted flat sheet is used as add-ons. Side dimensions slats may vary for different types of coating, but their standard length is 2 m.
Rafter system, device and step-by-step installation of a hip roof
The hip roof consists of four slopes, the basis of which is the rafter system. The rafters in the upper part rest on the purlin and form a ridge in pairs. In the lower part, the rafter legs rest on the tie and form a cornice overhang. Diagonal rafters rest on the ridge girder, connecting the corner of the building with the ridge and forming the plane of the hip slope. Diagonal rafters, reinforced with trusses and struts, serve as support for shortened rafters or trusses. The roof rests on a mauerlat, fixed to the walls along the perimeter of the building. The design of the rafter system ensures the strength of the entire structure due to rigid triangular connections between the component elements.
The rafter system of the hip roof provides the necessary strength of the entire structure and uniform distribution of the load on the walls of the building
Safety precautions when installing a hip roof
Construction work on the installation of the rafter system and roofing takes place at a high altitude, so the site must be equipped with reliable scaffolding and safety ropes with a diameter of at least 16 mm, and workers must be provided with safety belts. On the ground, the work site should be fenced off to prevent heavy objects from falling on people, and on the slopes, a portable fence should be installed with a height of at least one meter. Work should be stopped in case of rain, snow, fog or when the roof is icing. In the dark, it is necessary to organize lighting. Safety requirements are set out in standard instructions on labor protection during roofing work, and are also regulated by SNiP 12–03 2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements."
When conducting high-altitude work It is necessary to use helmets, safety belts, non-slip shoes and ladders
For roofing work, the following rules must be followed:
- Builders who have passed a medical examination and instruction are allowed to work, aged from 18 to 60 years;
- workers must be provided with protective clothing, helmets, mittens and safety belts;
- Installation of structural parts is possible only with serviceable power tools and extension cords;
- when the slope is steeper than 25°, the use of ladders and ladders is mandatory;
- cutting of materials should be carried out on the ground in an equipped place;
- lifting heavy parts must be done using a winch;
- metal roofing materials must be installed using gloves;
- roofing sheets with a large windage must be lifted and installed in calm weather;
- equipment and elements of the truss structure must be fixed if there is a possibility of them falling.
Compliance with safety regulations will help avoid injuries and deaths of construction workers and people in the immediate vicinity of the site.
The Mauerlat is laid on the upper ends of the walls and attached to them with threaded rods, anchors or brackets
The ridge girder is installed on vertical posts, which are supported by tie rods
Extensions are installed on both sides of the side diagonal rafters
The longitudinal sheathing is packed in increments depending on the angle of inclination of the slope and the type of roofing
To build such complex design a project is required, as well as a team of at least three people with sufficiently high qualifications.
Video: hip roof rafter system
Step-by-step installation of a hipped roof of a gazebo
Installation of a hip roof for a gazebo is carried out according to a simplified scheme using four side rafters and consists of the following steps:
If necessary, you can sheathe the roof from the inside to give it a finished look.
Video: roof on the gazebo
We talked about the construction of a hipped roof and the construction of a rafter system using an example hip design. We looked at methods for calculating the parameters of a pitched roof, materials and additional elements. Safe installation of a hip roof is impossible without following safety regulations. By following the tips above, you will be able to build this complex yet beautiful roof.
