Insects are the food of the future, many ecologists, economists and even individual governments are sure European countries. Compared to traditional animal husbandry, breeding locusts and larvae requires almost no resources, and in terms of the amount of protein, insects are not much inferior to the usual meat.
Inspired by a progressive idea, St. Petersburg programmer Nadezhda Serkova and her friends organized a microfarm at home for breeding mealworm larvae (aka: flour beetle or tormentor). With them the team managed to participate in restaurant day, to be carried out together with educational project"Grass" special gastronomic dinner, and also appear in the project “ Open card" - on excursions in early January, everyone could look at the farm and taste the larvae.
The Village spoke with Nadezhda about education, overcoming aversion to insects, their gastronomic properties, and mass escapes of worms.
Nadezhda Serkova
Where it all started
It all started when my boyfriend Sergei and his friend read about edible insects in the “Survive on a hundred” public page. Apparently, it was some kind of semi-humorous post: they say, “Guys, you can feed yourself.” They laughed about it and told me. I then said: “What a horror, I won’t eat this, but I support you morally!” And just a day later, at our house, as part of the Eco Cup environmental festival, the film “Waste Cooking” was shown. This is the story of Austrian environmental activist David Gross, who studied the problem of wasted food: how much food is thrown away by supermarkets and restaurants, how much spoils in refrigerators ordinary people and so on. In the film, he travels around Europe and makes small sketches on this topic. He considers different facets of the problem, and one of them is alternative sources protein - including flour beetle. In general, the film clearly and intelligently talks about what the essence of insect breeding is and why it can be interesting, in addition to a portion of lulz, unusual sensations and expanding aesthetic and taste horizons.
In theory, this could affect the economy of, for example, developing countries and even partially solve the problem of hunger. Another important point: all the uneaten food that remains from the larvae is an excellent fertilizer. We don’t use this because we don’t grow anything at home except two cacti, but overall the idea is impressive. To breed worms, you can use substandard products that would otherwise be thrown away, and what remains after them can also be used in some way. It turns out literally waste-free production. Full eco cycling!
After watching the film, we thought it was fate and decided to try it ourselves. We started Googling, looking for information about how the larvae are bred and how they are then prepared.
About the farm
“Maggot farm” is, of course, a very strong word. Imagine if you were not familiar with a vegetable like a tomato, and some person showed you a pot of tomatoes on the balcony and called it a “tomato farm.” It would be about the same. In the same film, for example, it is shown how larvae are bred in industrial scale, there you can see huge rooms and large bags of ready-made larvae. And in our case, these are just a few boxes.
It’s not at all difficult to start a farm like ours at home. First you go to the pet store to get the larvae. Typically, mealworms are used to feed animals - reptiles, fish and birds. They are not sold in every pet store, but you can find them if you wish. Then you put them in a box and sprinkle them with some kind of bread substance: for example, we are now using cereals, but flour, bread, bran, and so on are also suitable. From time to time, the worms need to throw vegetables (for example, carrots) - they are needed as a source of liquid. After a few weeks, the larvae begin to pupate, then turn into beetles, and the beetles, accordingly, lay eggs, from which new larvae then emerge. Full cycle- from the purchase of worms to the appearance of the first, very small, second-generation larvae - takes approximately three and a half months, depending on temperature and conditions. We keep the larvae in the bathroom because it's the warmest place in the apartment, but our friends had a farm set up in a bar - and it all happened a little slower there.
In many ways we were forced to act at random. There is information on the Internet about breeding mealworms, but the technology for growing them for food at home is not very well developed. Now we understand that a lot of things could have been done better and easier. For example, we used large oat flakes, and when we decided to participate in a restaurant festival, we realized that it was quite difficult to separate the worms from the oatmeal. And if we had guessed to take oatmeal, there would have been no problem - then it was enough to simply sift it through a sieve.
But, in fact, this is not so important, because we are growing our own “tomato on the balcony” and our goal is not to feed ourselves or other people with larvae, but for someone to write an article about it or open larval restaurant. And to have something to write about and be inspired by. We are doing this.
About overcoming disgust and culinary experiments
I will say again that at the first moment the idea seemed terribly unpleasant to me - not only could I not imagine that I would eat larvae, it was difficult for me to simply look at them. I don't really like insects at all. But nevertheless, they settled in my house, after a while I got used to it, then I ate them, everything became normal, but for some time I could not completely get rid of disgust.
We tried it on for quite a long time, we didn’t know how to arrange it all correctly so that it would be comfortable. At first the larvae lived in cardboard box, and they, you need to understand, are capable of chewing through cardboard. At some point we didn’t keep track and we had a massive escape of worms. I'll be honest: it was terrible. You come home, and there’s this! Worms in the bathroom, worms on all the shelves, worms in the makeup bag. I wasn’t on such friendly terms with these creatures then, and I started screaming. We eliminated the disaster, but then several more times such situations happened when you rummage through your cosmetic bag to find lipstick, and there you have a larva. You, too, raise a little squeal, calm down, take it out - and move on with your life.
The very first dish was meatballs - they were shown in the film, so we decided to start with that too. Only if in the film they were made from 70 percent meat, then we used chickpeas, lentils and various cereals instead. It turned out something like falafel. Part of this minced meat was fried and ground maggots. The obvious advantage of this dish was that by looking at it you couldn't tell that you were eating insects. Therefore, it was easier to ignore this thought and feel that there was nothing wrong with it, that they really had good taste. It was important for us to understand: you ate insects - and everything is fine.
We also simply fried them, and then added them to pasta, salads, and made rolls with them. At the restaurant day we served something like shawarma with vegetables and sauce, but instead of meat we had larvae meatballs. We also added them to
Before that I read and. But it turns out they also make good business out of flies.
This is the story of entrepreneur Igor Istomin, who built a real fly farm. Igor explains why flies are not really disgusting, how larvae help little piglets and chicks survive, and why a small factory for the production of insect larvae should someday appear in every poultry farm.
As a child, I had one strange thing. More precisely, I had a lot of strange things, but now I will tell you only about one. I really liked flies. Parents hung in our country house Velcro from insects, and periodically half-immobilized, unhappy and dying flies fell from them onto the table. I picked them up and put them in a transparent box with holes for air - it was a hospital. When another insect, despite all my efforts, still died, I seemed to be very upset. I also liked to put a fly on my hand and watch it crawl along it - it felt pleasantly ticklish to my hand. You must have grimaced, reader? That's how my parents grimaced. And they said: “Julia, do you have any idea WHERE they walked with those paws?”
You know, Yulia, people very strongly believe in different stereotypes,” Igor Istomin, founder of the New Technologies company, tells me. small farm, where fly larvae are bred to create environmentally friendly biofeeds and fertilizers. - When you tell people about flies, they immediately imagine all sorts of sewage, toilets and rot. But, firstly, if it were not for these insects, our planet would long ago have been covered with a many-kilometer layer of corpses, because they would have been processed much more slowly. And in general, research has long proven that there is an antimicrobial environment around every fly. Yes, this insect climbs through garbage dumps, but then it carefully washes its legs, which have thin chitinous hairs.
These hairs secrete a microsecretion that disinfects everything. And in Napoleonic times, fly larvae were used to clean hard-to-heal wounds - they perfectly remove necrotic tissue and keep living tissue intact. Microsecret is rich in immunomodulators, and healing occurs faster. In America, this method is still sometimes used in surgery today.
Until 2014, Igor Istomin was engaged in household appliances, but with the onset of crisis, I decided to sell my business and start some new promising business. Friends invited him to build a small plant for the production of maggots together, and Igor invested money from the sale of the business into this enterprise.
Actually, before, even before I started selling household appliances, I was a swimming coach,” says Igor. - And not bad. So biology was close to me, I was quite good at it. It seemed to me that the production of fish maggots is somehow superficial; hatching larvae can give the world much more than just fish bait. I began to study this topic more and more deeply, my sons helped me, and as a result, by 2015, they and I produced the first experimental batch of excellent feed protein, and in January 2016 we demonstrated it in Moscow at an exhibition at VDNKh.
As Igor Istomin explains, he didn’t have to invent any new technology - nature had already done everything. Flies have been in the world for more than twenty million years - they survived the Ice Age and many other natural disasters, unlike mammoths, dinosaurs and the Mauritian dodo. This means that there is something in the body of this insect that promotes survival.
IN wildlife animals, birds and fish eat something, throw out digestive waste, and eventually die, explains Istomin. - As soon as this happens, hordes of flies immediately fly to the place of death and lay eggs. And the eggs hatch into larvae that quickly process this waste. At the same time, the larvae themselves become excellent food for other animals, and the processed waste becomes an excellent fertilizer for plants. Nature has already thought of everything for us. We simply took this mechanism and placed it under the roof - we decided to see what would happen if we made our own company out of it.
At any agricultural enterprise, be it a poultry farm or a fish hatchery, quite a lot of waste is generated. For example, the mortality rate of poultry is five to seven percent - chickens periodically die due to weak immunity or break something. Also, enterprises always have food and vegetable waste, and they all cause a lot of trouble - they need to be stored, disposed of, special acidifiers added, so that after two years this waste turns into fertilizer and can be taken out to the fields. If all this is not done, problems with environmental services may arise. As Igor Istomin explains, his “fly farm” can become an ideal example of waste-free production, and then you won’t have to spend money and time on waste disposal at agricultural enterprises.
We breed a fly called Lucilia Caesar, this is a common green synanthropic carrion fly,” explains Igor. - However, we just call her Lyusya. We have an insectarium with cages where adult flies live and crossbreeding is constantly going on different types and generations. On average, each fly lives from twenty-one to twenty-four days, so those insects that now live in our insectarium have never seen the outside world and are noticeably different from those that you meet in nature. For example, they have a much higher egg production, because here, with us, different generations constantly interbreed in a closed environment.
ABOUT TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND FLIES LIVE IN EACH CELL OF THE INSECTARY, THERE ARE FIVE SUCH CELLS ON THE FARM, THAT IS, IN TOTAL, THERE ARE ABOUT A MILLION FLIES IN PRODUCTION.
They eat sugar and powdered milk and drink water. Each cage contains a small box - Igor calls it a “lunchbox” - with minced meat inside. “New Technologies” cooperates with a poultry farm, which specially for this purpose gives away those birds that did not manage to survive.
There are small holes in the lunchboxes,” says Igor Istomin. - Flies are shy. Therefore, they fly there to reproduce and lay eggs on minced meat. Every day a technologist comes, takes away lunchboxes with clutches and puts new ones. And the old ones - with masonry - are transferred to the nursery shop.
In the growing shop there are special cabinets with trays where the company’s employees place masonry and add more fresh meat. Then larvae emerge from the eggs and feed on it. During growth, fly larvae emit a lot of ammonia, so each cabinet is connected to ventilation, the air from which, when going outside, passes through a special microbiological filter.
IN FOUR DAYS, EACH LARVA INCREASES THREE HUNDRED FIFTY TO FOUR HUNDRED TIMES, AND ONE GRAM OF LARVA REQUIRES TWO HUNDRED GRAMS OF MEAT.
They do not have a stomach, so it would be wrong to say that they eat this meat. They secrete larval juice into the meat, which is rich in enzymes and nutrients. Under their influence, the meat quickly decomposes and turns into mush, and then the larva passes the resulting substance through itself many times. Due to this, it grows, and the resulting substrate is enriched with enzymes and becomes useful.
After three to five days, when the larvae grow, they, together with the substrate obtained from the meat, are taken to a special workshop. To separate the grown larvae from the substrate, everything is dumped together onto a fine mesh - the larvae crawl through it, and the dry fibrous mass, which was once minced meat, remains on the mesh.
Then the substrate is collected in bags and left for a day. At a temperature of 65 degrees it burns out under the influence of anaerobic bacteria. Then it is dried and crushed.
It turns out to be an excellent organic fertilizer,” boasts Igor Istomin. - It kills all kinds of bugs in the soil that eat the roots of plants, and the yield doubles. In this case, it is enough to add just a pinch of such substrate to the ground.
While in one department of the enterprise fertilizer is made from processed meat, in another department the larvae are turned into food: they are processed, cleaned and dried at a temperature of no more than 70 degrees in order to preserve nutrients and not destroy the protein. Then they grind it. The result is fatty flour with a high content of protein and lipid acids - BLK, protein-lipid concentrate.
BLK contains natural polymers melanin and chitin, says Igor. - They help strengthen the immune system. For example, the most difficult period for piglets is the transition from mother's milk to regular feed. Often the gastrointestinal system of animals that are not yet strong cannot cope, they get sick and die. If seven days before switching to feed you start adding BLK to milk, half a gram for every kilogram of weight, and then add it to the feed for another ten days, the result will be one hundred percent. The piglets will stop getting sick. And if you add a little BLK to the food of a domestic dog or cat, its immunity will improve, it will be easier to shed, and its activity will increase.
Today, in most agricultural production, animals receive protein in the form of fishmeal. But over the past fifteen years, it has risen in price eight times, and the world’s fish reserves are gradually drying up, because it turns out that animals are competing for it with humans. At the same time, the production demand for animal proteins is colossal - in Russia their annual deficit is about a million tons. It turns out that we urgently need to look for alternative sources of this protein. And Igor Istomin believes that he has found such a source.
Imagine if every poultry farm had a small workshop like the one we made at ours,” he says. - You don’t have to pay for disposal, and here, in your own production, you could make excellent food. This would give both weight gain and a reduction in morbidity. In Russia, such technology began to be invented back in the 70s of the last century, but all this was at the level of scientific research and remained within the framework of laboratories. We are trying to bring this into real life.
True, it turned out that it is not so easy to establish waste-free production in Russia - there is simply no regulatory framework. At first, it took a long time to certify the product - the companies that deal with this simply did not know how to work with dried larvae. Then it turned out that according to the law, biological waste must be burned, buried or subjected to heat treatment. No other processing methods are provided. So you have to demonstrate over and over again new technology and prove to everyone that it works.
So far, Igor Istomin’s enterprise remains unprofitable: in order for it to start making a profit, it needs to greatly expand its area and hire more workers. In the meantime, there is only enough capacity to produce pilot batches - they are sent as samples to plants and factories so that they can test the new food and compare it with fishmeal.
Now there are already several enterprises ready to buy BLK from us. Moreover, fishmeal costs from 80 to 120 rubles per kilogram, depending on the quality, and our product costs 100 rubles. That is, it has every chance of displacing flour. But in order for production to not be at a loss for us, we need to produce eight to ten tons of BLK per month, but so far we only get one. We are looking for investors and really hope to receive state grant for research. But it’s difficult with investors - you understand, a person is more interested in buying ready-made milk than in a cow that will produce this milk. So today we are separated from commerce by approximately 12,000,000 rubles and six months of work. But when everything works out, we want to make something like a showroom - let the factory owners come and see how everything works here, and order us such waste processing modules. We will come and build the same ones at their enterprises - it will be something like a franchise. And the seed fund will continue to be with us. It’s good for us, for enterprises, for nature, and for the state.
Finally, Igor Istomin asks me if I have ever seen pickled beetles in jars - in Asia you can buy these in supermarkets, and people eat them from time to time. I answer that I not only saw it, but also tried it - nothing special.
You see,” Igor sighs. - There, in the East, people have already understood what we cannot understand. After all, larvae can be used to make excellent protein supplements, useful for people. We have several athletes we know who buy our BLK and mix it with honey for breakfast. But these are athletes. But mostly people are afraid to try this. All stupid stereotypes.
sources
About the unique for Russia experience of creating own production feed protein to correspondents of the magazine " Agricultural technology and technology"said the organizers of the promising business.
Already, livestock and poultry production in many countries is experiencing a shortage of feed protein, the main sources of which are legumes, meat and bone meal and fish meal. Fishmeal is an important component of poultry, pig and fish feed, but its cost has been steadily increasing year on year and production growth has been limited. All this forces scientists and agricultural producers to look for alternative sources of protein. However, the history of the project began with completely different goals and objectives.
Recycle environmentally
“When we created the company in 2015, we planned to engage in scouting and transfer of advanced innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex,” says Igor Abalakin, Technical Director Entroprotek company. — Then one of the industry leaders set us the task of finding effective solution problems of processing poultry manure. During the work we worked out various technologies: from active composting to pyrolysis. In the process of searching optimal option we found out that in Japan pig manure is processed biological method- with the help of insects. And the fact that insects are a rich source of protein only fueled our interest. And we decided: why not try to process bird droppings in this way?”
The company's specialists began to study the technology in more detail. A test batch of larvae was purchased, the necessary conditions for breeding were created, and the first laboratory population was obtained. Next, the first processing experiments were launched. “The technology has proven its effectiveness even when working with such heavy raw materials as bird droppings,” continues Igor Abalakin. “However, it quickly became clear that there are a number of technological difficulties for the industrial implementation of such a project. Taking a deeper dive into the issue of organic waste disposal, we found that in Europe and North America There are companies specializing in the processing of food losses and food waste (FLW). So, studying their experience, at the end of 2016 we equipped our own laboratory with a total area of 45 m² to develop the technology for processing PPW.”
The technology used by Entroprotek is based on the ability of the larvae of the insect Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) to process plant organic waste. This makes it possible to use food products as efficiently as possible, returning the necessary feed protein obtained from the biomass of larvae to the food chain of farm animals and birds. “The main advantage of the technology is its safety for environment and people,” emphasizes the company’s technical director. — The results of the study of the Black Lionfly at the Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution of A. N. Severtsov (IPEE RAS) confirmed that this type insects do not tolerate infections, are not able to survive in the absence necessary conditions, and when hitting external environment is dying. In addition, our production conditions prevent the release of hazardous and harmful substances into the environment, both through ventilation and wastewater.”
Living technology
Adult flies are kept in special insectariums. The insectarium device prevents insects from entering the external environment. For the vital activity and high productivity of insects, a certain microclimate (temperature, humidity, lighting) is maintained inside. Ovipositions are periodically collected and placed in an incubator, where the process of hatching and production of planting larvae occurs. At the same time, the warehouse receives organic waste: substandard grains and food products from retail chains. The waste is released from packaging, crushed and undergoes a homogenization process (bringing it to a homogeneous state). At the next stage, larvae grown in an incubator are added to the resulting substance. The container with waste and larvae is placed in the processing workshop, where all the conditions necessary for the favorable existence of larvae are maintained. Within two weeks, the larvae process the substrate in which they are located. At the end of this period, with the help of sifting, the larvae are separated from the waste processing product - compost, which is valuable organic fertilizer. The larvae are sent for drying and grinding, after which a protein feed product is obtained. In general, the technological stages of breeding and keeping the Black Lionfly are similar to the stages in poultry farming: obtaining hatching eggs, incubation, rearing and fattening.
“We have developed all areas of the technology on a pilot scale,” explains Igor Abalakin. — The Research Center for Toxicology and Hygienic Regulation of Biological Products (SRC TBP FMBA) has developed a pilot industrial regulation for our bioprocessing technology, as well as technical specifications for the production of protein feed additives and zoocompost. During an environmental impact assessment of biorefinery technology to confirm environmental safety and undergoing the state environmental assessment procedure, numerous studies were carried out to study the amino acid profile, microbiological indicators, and nutritional value of our products. In addition, tests of the protein feed additive on aquaculture, poultry and pigs showed high efficiency product. Also, Entroprotek products are of interest to owners of non-productive and exotic animals: lizards, turtles, hedgehogs, iguanas, as well as fighting and ornamental breeds of birds.
Promising direction
So far there are no analogues to such production of protein flour in Russia. Entroprotek has already built a pilot industrial production workshop in the Penza region with a capacity of up to 15 tons of food waste per day. Production is mechanized, technological lines have been selected for receiving waste, preparing the substrate, and thermal processing of insect larvae biomass to obtain various products (feed protein, entomological fat, chitin, zoohumus). “Our scientific core conducted hundreds of experiments in order to collect statistics on individual types of waste and develop a unique recipe for each of them,” shares Igor Abalakin. “A separate branch of the project’s development is genetic research and breeding work to improve the fly populations at our disposal.”
A patent has been received for the technology, four applications relating to individual parts of the entire process are now under consideration by experts Federal Institute industrial property (FIPS), more than 25 applications are being developed. All products have received certificates of conformity. At the moment, the procedure for state registration of the feed additive in Rosselkhoznadzor is nearing completion.
Only one procedure has not yet been completed - state registration feed additive. The registration certificate will allow the company to enter the wholesale market for feed producers.
Use: the invention relates to the field of animal husbandry and agricultural ecology, in particular, to the production of protein feed and fertilizers. The essence of the invention: fresh manure of farm animals is colonized with eggs housefly in an amount of 0.5 g per 1 kg. First, the estimated number of housefly eggs is added to one tenth of the manure prepared for processing. The larvae hatched from the eggs are kept for two days. before their transition to a state of active life. Then they add it to the rest of the manure and keep it for 3.0 - 3.5 days. until it is completely recycled. Inoculation of fresh manure with housefly eggs is carried out daily in an amount of 0.4 to 0.5 g per 1 kg of manure.
The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry and agricultural ecology, in particular to the production of protein feed and fertilizers. There is a known method for cultivating housefly larvae on native pig manure to obtain feed biomass of the larvae and fertilizers in a cultivator. The essence of the method comes down to the following. Containers with pig manure, into which fly eggs obtained in a reproducer are added daily. For every kilogram of manure, add 0.5 g of eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae, which in five days process the entire volume of manure, turning it into a nutrient substrate suitable after processing for use as fertilizer. During the same period, the biomass of larvae reaches its maximum value. The resulting mass of larvae is separated from fertilizers and subjected to further processing to obtain feed. The resulting substrate is also subjected to further processing to prepare commercial fertilizer. Applying this method processing of manure from the next amount of manure mass entering for processing, an average of 8-10% of the biomass of larvae and 40-45% of fertilizers can be obtained in five days. We adopted the described method for obtaining biomass of housefly larvae and fertilizers in a cultivator for processing manure as a prototype. The objectives of the research included increasing the productive capabilities of the method, reducing the time of production in the cultivator and reducing its working volumes and areas. This was solved by developing a method of 2-stage cultivation of larvae, when at the first stage larvae are grown from eggs for 2 days in a pre-cultivator, and then for the next 3 days in a cultivator until the maximum growth of their biomass. The essence of the proposed method is that a pre-calculated number of housefly eggs (0.4-0.5 g per 1 kg of manure) is added to 1/10 of the manure prepared for processing. The larvae hatched from the eggs are kept in this mass of manure for 2 days. During this period, the larvae noticeably increase in size and enter the stage of active life. The period of rearing two day-old larvae is called pre-culture. On the third day, the larvae, together with the mass of processed manure, are transferred to the rest of the manure, which in the next 3-3.5 days is completely processed into a nutrient substrate suitable for the preparation of fertilizers, and the larvae reach the maximum possible weight of their biomass. At the same time, the time of the main production process obtaining marketable products, there are no unprocessed components left in the manure and the total area of the cultivator is significantly reduced. Implementation example 1 (optimum). The research was carried out by comparing the conditions for processing 1 quintal of manure using the known and proposed methods. During the first two days, 10 kg of manure was placed in the precultivator, into which the calculated rate of housefly eggs was added to process 100 kg of manure (40 g of eggs per 10 kg of manure). The entire working area occupied by manure in the precultivator was 0.4 m2. After two days, the entire mass of the first 10 kg of manure was completely processed into the substrate, the larvae were actively moving in search of food, which was practically absent in the mass of processed manure. After this, on the third knock, the larvae with a mass of processed manure were introduced into fresh manure, which over the next three days was completely processed by them into a nutrient substrate for the preparation of fertilizers. In this case, the area for placing manure was 6 m2 (at the rate of 100 kg of manure per 2 m2 per day). By known method every day for five days 40 g of eggs were added to 100 kg of manure (the manure was laid in a layer of 8-10 cm), processing by the larvae was completed within 5 days, required area 2 m 2. The entire area of the cultivator occupied for five days was 10 m2. Manure placed in containers during the first two days was processed by no more than 5-7% of its mass. The manure of the third day was processed by the larvae to 30-40% of its original mass. Manure that was processed by larvae for four days was 75-85% processed. Manure that was processed for five days was completely processed into a nutrient substrate. Thus, if the currently used method requires 2 m2 for processing 100 kg of manure per day, and 10 m2 for 5 days, then according to the proposed method the total working area of the precultivator and cultivator for processing 100 kg of manure per day does not exceed 6, 5 m2. The savings in the working area of the cultivator in this case is at least 30%. In addition, the substrate obtained after processing manure by two-day-old larvae has a better loose-flowing mass, in which the components of unprocessed manure are completely absent. The proposed method of cultivating housefly larvae was tested on the Dubrovitsa farm of the All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry with positive results in 1994. The proposed method of organizing a cultivator can be widely used in the creation of waste-free enterprises for the industrial processing of native manure of farm animals at pig farms and poultry farms to obtain environmentally friendly feed and fertilizers , guaranteeing the sanitary well-being of the environment from pollution and contamination by animal waste.
Claim
Way industrial production housefly larvae and fertilizers, including the colonization of fresh manure of farm animals with housefly eggs in an amount of 0.5 g per 1 kg, isolation of larvae from the manure after the larvae emerge from the eggs and process the manure by them, characterized in that previously one tenth of the manure, prepared for processing, add the calculated number of housefly eggs, the larvae hatched from the eggs are kept for two days until they enter a state of active life, and then added to the rest of the manure and kept for 3.0-3.5 days until it is completely processed , and the colonization of fresh manure with housefly eggs is carried out daily in the amount of 0.4–0.5 g per 1 kg of manure.
