A multi-toned roof has a high structural complexity and price, which is why it is usually used as a unique architectural solution on large country houses, whose owners prefer an unusual but original design. In addition, as a result of the arrangement, several side attics are obtained. Due to the complexity of execution, it is not possible to build such a roof with your own hands.
Of course, without the involvement of specialists, such an undertaking will take a lot of time, effort and money.
An excellent solution for non-standard shape The houses will have a multi-gable roof. By this form we can mean a house in the shape of “T”, or “U”, or “G”, as well as other, most diverse, multifaceted shapes. This design takes its name from the name “gable,” which refers to the upper part of the wall, surrounded on both sides by slopes. That is, in fact, the gable is the same pediment, only without a cornice or any other architectural elements. In simple words, this is a bare piece of wall, possibly with a window opening.
There are different types of multi-gable roofs, and the number of gables the house has is what the roof will be called: three - three-gable, four - four-gable, six - six-gable, eight - eight-gable. Houses with round, square and rectangular - typical perimeters - can also have a multi-gable roof as an end. This is the general name, as you already understood, for a roof in which there are several gables. This is clear, now let’s look at the structural part to make the origin of this type of roof clearer.
The design of a multi-gable roof is complex in that it has not only external ribs, but also internal ones, called the valley. They are key components, as they must withstand powerful loads, so there must be a system of supports and braces underneath them. However, the most important unit that the structure of multi-gable roofs contains is considered to be the intersection of the ridge beams (the upper horizontal ones to which the rafters are connected), into which, in addition to everything, the valleys join. This unit is provided with stability by a vertical riser - a massive beam supporting it from below, against the ceiling.
The installation of a multi-gable roof becomes more complicated at all stages of construction, starting from the flooring, the installation of the “pie”, especially the waterproofing of internal corners, and ending with the roofing. The heavier the roofing material, the greater the load from precipitation - the more complex frame construction rafters, braces, supports. Often, a living space (attic floor) is equipped under such roofs, and this accommodates additional work for thermal insulation, vapor barrier, etc. However, such roofs have an advantage: each gable can easily be equipped with a window opening, therefore, the installation of window openings in the roof frame itself can be minimized or eliminated altogether.
Among roofs with straight planes of slopes, a multi-gable roof belongs to complex types roofs with numerous crossed slopes and internal corners between their joints. It is erected on buildings that have a complex layout of different geometric shape, multi-level attics and attics.
A multi-gable roof is considered a complex structure. The complexity of the design is explained by the presence in such roofs large number valleys and gables, the installation of which causes specific difficulties and additional costs.
The arrangement of the valley requires especially close attention, because it is through them that streams of rain and melt water will flow in the future. Also in these places there is the greatest accumulation of snow, and therefore they must have significant load-bearing capacity and tightness. Professional formation valley, the main vulnerable element roofing, ensures reliable drainage of melt and rainwater from the roof.
Design elements
In multi-gable roofs, the following structural elements are always and necessarily present:
· gables and gable overhangs;
· valleys formed when pairing the tongs;
· roof ridge.
Types of multi-gable roofs
The shape of a multi-gable roof can be very diverse and limited only by the imagination of the developer or designer. The number of gables (gable elements with a ridge) in the roof can be from two to an unlimited number. Roof slopes can have the shape of triangles and trapezoids.
Any roofing materials can be used as a covering for multi-gable roofs, but provided that the roof frame (rafter system) is properly designed and can withstand all the loads on the roof during its operation.
Advantages and disadvantages of multi-gable roofs
The multi-gable roof structure has certain advantageous characteristics. These include:
· original, unique, graceful roof shapes;
· ideal combination with buildings of any architectural form;
· balanced rafter system;
· the possibility of arranging a spacious attic and significantly increasing it usable area;
no risk of stagnation of rain and melt water due to the large slope of the roof surface and the presence of grooves;
· reliability, strength, durability of the structure;
· compliance of the cost of a multi-gable roof with operational and aesthetic characteristics.
The list of disadvantages of this type of roof includes: the level of complexity of installation, the presence of a large number of valleys that complicate the process of arrangement, care and maintenance of the roof, as well as high consumption building materials. The installation of a multi-gable roof is a labor-intensive construction work, for which it is necessary to seek help professional specialists. Roof installation takes longer.
Despite serious shortcomings complex architectural form, aesthetic, original, presentable appearance and performance characteristics multi-gable roofs rightfully deserve the praise and attention of private property owners.
A multi-gable roof is installed on houses with a complex polygonal plan shape. Such roofs have a larger number of valleys (internal corners) and ribs (protruding corners that form the intersections of the roof slopes), which requires high qualifications when performing roofing work.
Buildings with a multi-gable roof have original design. This type of roof is considered the most popular. It came to us from the West and began to be effectively used for the construction various buildings. A design of the entire structure is preliminarily drawn up in a special program so that it is possible to visually evaluate appearance future home. The difference between a multi-gable roof lies in the complexity of its construction. At the same time, it will look very original, and the structure with it will be refined and unusual. Note. Houses for the construction of such a structure can be of any shape and size. It is much easier to construct a roof of this type on buildings with a rectangular or square shape. Installation of a multi-gable roof is carried out not only to protect the structure from various climatic and weather phenomena. It can be installed in attics that need additional lighting, or for houses with complex layouts.
Advantages of a multi-gable roof
Attractive appearance. The roof turns out to be massive and unusual. Her project can be anything. It all depends on the parameters of the structure and its functionality.
Durability and reliability. Such a roof can easily withstand significant loads on its surface without changing its original appearance. All this is ensured by the balanced frame of the rafter system.
Durability. The service life of the roofing structure is unlimited. True, it is worth considering that the material for its construction and design plays a big role.
Practicality. Precipitation will not accumulate on a roof of this type. All thanks to the slopes, which are located at a large angle of inclination.
Efficiency. You can use the space under the roof at your discretion. You can make a room there. It is for this reason that a design of not only the house, but also the roof is drawn up in advance.
But despite the advantages of this roof, there are a number of disadvantages:
The complexity of constructing a roof... The work requires professional training, especially if it is done independently. In order to avoid mistakes in work, it is necessary to consult with experts in this field, who will tell you how to correctly develop a roof project and take into account the loads of the roofing material on the rafter system.
Large volume of waste finishing and construction materials. Due to the fact that the main characteristic of a multi-gable roof is the presence of a certain number of slopes and bends, the means for its construction will be used irrationally.
It is one of the most expensive roofs.
Multi-gable roofs are also called hip roofs. Not even every professional can handle the construction of such a structure.
The construction of such roofs is accompanied by the formation of ventilated attics, completely isolated from all heated rooms of the house.
Four slopes hip roofs are also complicated because their installation is associated with high costs roofing materials, and after their construction a lot of waste remains. Semi-hip roofs are formed by several slopes.
Despite the fact that such roofs look very beautiful, their projects are quite difficult to implement, since they are accompanied by the formation of valleys that require careful waterproofing work.
However, the expressive and stylish appearance of multi-gable roofs is worth putting maximum effort into their installation.
Features of multi-gable roofs
Despite the difficulties that arise when implementing complex architectural forms of multi-gable roofs, they are very often used in the construction of private houses.
In fact, a multi-gable roof does not carry any functional load, but at the same time it does a tremendous job in creating the external architectural style of the structure.
The simplest rafter system for a multi-gable roof is nothing more than the intersection of two gable roofs at a 90-degree angle.
When constructing a multi-gable roof rafter system, elements such as rafters, purlins, and mauerlat are used. As in any roofing structure, the Mauerlat is a support beam, through which loads are transferred from the rafter legs to the load-bearing walls of the house.
In addition, the Mauerlat is the connecting link between the roof structure and the walls of the structure. It is made of wooden blocks with a section of 150 by 100 mm or 150 by 150 mm and a length of about 1.5 m. For the installation of rafters, boards measuring 150 by 50 mm are usually used.
The rafter system comes in two types: hanging and layered type. Its choice depends on the presence or absence of internal load-bearing walls or any other supports that replace them. Sometimes, when forming roofs with complex architectural shapes, it is advisable to use both types of rafter systems.
In the area of connection of gable roofs, it is recommended to install diagonal (sloping) rafters, on which in the future the ridges, which are shortened supporting elements, will rest. Due to the fact that slanted rafters are subjected to fairly large loads during operation, it is recommended that they be strengthened during installation.
In the upper part, the rafter structure is connected by a ridge girder, which is made of interconnected boards or timber of sufficient cross-section. If additional reinforcement of the structure is required, it is recommended to install intermediate purlins.
After completing the installation of the rafter system, they begin laying hydro-, steam- and heat-insulating layers. The materials are laid perpendicular to the roof slopes with an overlap of at least 15 cm and the joints must be glued with connecting tape.
After laying the waterproofing layer, counter-lattice elements are installed, for the arrangement of which bars with a section of 50 by 50 mm or boards 32 by 100 mm are used. Installation of the sheathing is carried out in accordance with the requirements set by the manufacturers of the selected roofing material.
Structural features of multi-gable roofs
As mentioned earlier, multi-gable roofs are quite complex structures. Some of their fragments may consist of variations of gable roofs, interconnected into complex architectural structures.
Stages of constructing a multi-gable roof
· Taking all necessary measurements from the structure.
· Project creation.
· Correct calculation of the dimensions of the rafters and all structural elements.
· Installation of the Mauerlat.
· Installation of rafter system.
· Laying hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier layers.
· Installation of counter-lattice and sheathing.
· Laying roofing material and installing valleys and stiffeners.
Slope selection roof slopes directly depends on the selected roofing material, the climatic features of the area, the intensity of wind loads, as well as the size snow cover And architectural features.
The multi-gable roof has a rather complex structure, and in order for it to be reliable protection at home, it must be installed correctly.
And in order for this to happen, it needs the arrangement of such elements as valleys, valleys and stiffeners, the quality of installation of which directly determines the reliability of the future roof.
A multi-gable roof is a rather complex design. It is distinguished by the presence of numerous intersections of slopes, at which valleys are formed, as formed internal corners. Endows are considered the most unreliable element. Indeed, the largest possible amount of water flows through them, despite the fact that their slope is significantly less than that of slopes. Snow accumulates there, increasing the load on the roof. Therefore, the valley can be considered the “weak” point of such structures. So, this roof is not only complex in its design, but also very difficult to maintain.
At the junction of the roof slopes, ribs are also formed, but, unlike valleys, they form an external angle.
A striking illustration of them is, for example, the place where two slopes in a quadrangular roof are connected.
The shape of the building during the construction of this type is either polygonal, the diagram of which is presented below, or square. It can be installed on houses with complex layouts or in attics that require special additional side lighting. The extensions of such buildings are characterized by different heights.
However, neither this nor the significant cost, because the complexity of the geometric shape of the structure leads to increased consumption of material, does not become an obstacle for those who seek to complete their construction with an interesting and original accent.
A multi-gable roof, the drawing of which may seem no less complicated to many, can nevertheless be erected independently, but subject to strict adherence to the requirements of construction technology
How to make a multi-gable roof: design tips
A multi-gable roof can combine under a single roofing structure a number of roofs that differ in their type and purpose. The complexity of its design lies in the large number of ribs, valleys, and grooves. Its spire is rather artistic in nature, and is often used to install towers and domed roofs that emphasize the architectural style. Two-level roofs and half-hip roofs are considered one of the most popular today.
Rafter structure
The basis of the roof structure is the rafter system. Most often it combines diagonal and hanging rafters directed towards the corners of the walls. The complexity of such structures lies in the fact that all the slopes do not rest on the Mauerlats, as usual, but on diagonal legs. That is load bearing capacity design depends not only on the calculation of the cross-sections of the system elements, but also on the execution of connection nodes and installation of stiffeners.
The main node is the joint at one point of the ridges of the same level of different sections of the roof. The ridge beams are connected at right angles, but, in addition, each of these corners also includes sloping legs, which are the main support for almost all rafters. The strength of this unit is increased by installing tie rods.
Sloping rafters are longer than regular rafters, so they are made paired. This technology simultaneously solves several problems:
a rafter with a double cross-section can withstand increased load;
joining the boards makes it possible to obtain a continuous beam of greater length;
When connected, the standard size of the parts used is unified.
It turns out that for the construction of diagonal rafters it is practically possible to use the same boards as for ordinary ones - and the use of boards of equal height for any type of rafters simplifies constructive solution roof assemblies. In addition, half-legs or rafters rest on them, due to which the layered supports are able to carry a load that is about one and a half times greater than the maximum load for conventional rafters.
Leaning the splints on the diagonal leg is done in two ways:
Leaning on the upper surface. A cut is made in the rafters so that half of their section - the upper one - is above the diagonal leg, and the lower one rests on lateral surface.
Support on the side surface. The main thing in this case is how well the supporting parts are fitted. The lower rafter can be more firmly connected to the beam of the diagonal leg if you nail an additional support boss from the trim.
The bottom of the slant supports is usually for landing on a truss, a beam made of timber, thrown along intersecting external walls the corner, break or console of the purlin is cut into the horizon and secured with nails.
But diagonal supports located in the valley cannot be supported with a truss truss.
A truss truss is a truss structure with two struts installed.
The fact is that the valley forms the inner corner of the walls, so they need to be supported by racks or, in extreme cases, struts.
By the way, installation roofing in the case of a multi-gable roof, they begin with the construction of valleys, which are formed at the intersection of mutually perpendicular planes. At the same time, the technology for executing this unit depends entirely on the material used as the base material for the roof.
A multi-gable roof over a square house has a large number of valleys, ribs, gables, and gables. The gable is the upper part of the building wall, which is limited by two roof slopes and is not separated by a cornice below.
When the upper part of the wall is separated from the lower part by a cornice, then this is already a pediment. A gable roof consists of two planes that rest on the walls and are limited by gables or gables at the ends.
What is a multi-gable roof?
Multi-gable roofs are installed on houses that have a complex layout, with lateral lighting in attics, covering extensions, and gables above entrances.
When installing a roof such as a hipped roof hip roof, elements such as valleys must be present. You also need to know that a building with such a roof must have a ventilated attic, which will be completely isolated from all warm rooms.
Multi-gable roofs require a large consumption of roofing materials, and after installation there is quite a lot of waste material left.
This type, such as an ordinary half-hip roof with your own hands, is formed by installing several slopes. This is a rather complex design, the main disadvantage of which is the complexity of implementation.
When constructing the structure of this roof, the intersections of the slopes form internal corners (valleys). A large amount of water flows down them and therefore close attention should be paid to waterproofing such corners.
In addition, large amounts of snow can accumulate in the valleys, and this significantly increases the load on the roof. The main advantage of a multi-gable roof is its expressive appearance, as well as the covering of several rooms with a single-level roof.
Gable roof
A gable roof is the heaviest roof in roof construction, since the structure contains many valleys, valleys, and ribs. It is mainly used in buildings with polygonal structure design, difficult architecture.
Gable hip roofs are often used in the construction of private houses. The spire has an artistic character, and such elements are installed on domed roofs and towers.
These roofs do not have any useful meaning, but they do a significant job in creating the architectural style of the building. In individual construction, a gable roof is a complex of several forms, sometimes so intricate that it is even difficult to recognize them.
Today, two-level roofing and half-hip roofs are popular.
Your attention!
The simplest design is the intersection of two pitched roofs at an angle of 90º.
The rafter system of a multi-gable roof consists of rafters, a mauerlat, and purlins (beams). An element such as a Mauerlat redistributes the load from the roof to the walls of the house through rafter legs and thus connects to the walls.
It consists of wooden blocks 150x100 mm and 150x150 mm. And also for this they use pieces of timber with a length of 1.5 meters. The rafters for such a roof are assembled from dry pine boards, which have a cross-section of 150x50 mm.
Rafters can be hanging or layered - this depends on the presence or absence of additional supports, as well as on the design of the multi-gable roof. Both types of rafters can be used simultaneously in the roof structure.
In places where gable roofs meet, slanted or diagonal rafter legs are installed, on which the trusses (shortened rafter legs) will rest. Due to the fact that the diagonal rafters are subject to a very large load, they need to be strengthened - joined together into two boards.
In the upper part, the rafters are connected by a ridge girder made of boards or beams held together. If necessary, additional intermediate runs are installed.
After the rafter system is installed, the waterproofing film is laid in strips, perpendicular to the direction of the slope, with an overlap of at least 15 cm, as well as with mandatory gluing of the joints using connecting tapes.
Close attention should be paid to the places where the valleys are located, as large flows of water will flow through them.
Counter battens are sewn along the rafters after laying the waterproofing layer. Basically, to perform such work, bars with a section of 50x50 mm or boards of 32x100 mm are used. Lathing should be carried out in accordance with the instructions for the selected roof covering.
Multi-gable roof design
Gable roofs
Many owners of private houses want to know how to make a multi-gable roof.
This type of roof is a rather complex structure, and when constructing such a structure, several fragments of the building can represent gable variations, which are then combined into a single complex, creating an amazing impression.
Do-it-yourself construction of a four-gable roof consists of the following steps:
· it is necessary to take the correct dimensions of the house;
· correctly position stops, skates, valleys;
· then you should install a Mauerlat, which should run along the perimeter of the wall and serve as a reliable “foundation” for the roof;
· then the sheathing, waterproofing, the roofing itself, as well as steam and thermal insulation are installed.
The design of a multi-gable roof is a pitched roof with inclined roof surfaces towards the outer walls and at the same time ensures natural drainage of melt and rainwater.
The choice of slope directly depends on the climatic conditions of the region, roofing material and architectural requirements. In some areas the angle of inclination is 90º.
Basic roof elements
Four-gable roof diagram
The structural design of a four-gable roof consists of the following elements:
1. inclined planes - slopes;
2. rafters;
3. battens;
4. Mauerlat;
5. horizontal and inclined ribs;
6. skate;
8. grooves;
9. overhangs;
10. gutters.
Installing a multi-gable roof is a rather labor-intensive process, since additional diagonal rafters should be installed at the intersection of the slopes when constructing such a structure.
In this case, elements such as grooves are formed, which are also called “snow bags.” And when installing the roof, special attention should be paid to these elements, since if the installation is poor, the roof will definitely leak in these places.
Roof shapes
With a complex roof, it is necessary to install valleys, which are the least reliable place on the roof, since snow accumulates in these places and increases the load on the rafter system.
The four-gable roof is a design that slopes on four sides. It is also called hip or tent, and the slopes are called hips.
These structures do not require gable walls, but the rafter system is more complex than a gable one.
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Roofs are known to be flat and pitched. Pitched - architecturally more expressive and, in addition to protective, also carry decorative function. The number, shape and size of the slopes depend entirely on the personal preferences of the owner and the designer’s intentions, taking into account, of course, climatic conditions and operating requirements.
Design features: pros and cons
A multi-gable roof is a rather complex design. It is distinguished by the presence of numerous intersections of slopes, at which valleys are formed, as the formed internal angles are called. Endows are considered the most unreliable element. Indeed, the largest possible amount of water flows through them, despite the fact that their slope is significantly less than that of slopes. Snow accumulates there, increasing the load on the roof. Therefore, the valley can be considered the “weak” point of such structures. So, this roof is not only complex in its design, but also very difficult to maintain.
At the junction of the roof slopes, ribs are also formed, but, unlike valleys, they form an external angle.
A striking illustration of them is, for example, the place where two slopes in a quadrangular roof are connected.
The shape of the building during the construction of this type is either polygonal, the diagram of which is presented below, or square. It can be installed on houses with complex layouts or in attics that require special additional side lighting. The extensions of such buildings are characterized by different heights.
However, neither this nor the significant cost, because the complexity of the geometric shape of the structure leads to increased consumption of material, does not become an obstacle for those who seek to complete their construction with an interesting and original accent.
A multi-gable roof, the drawing of which may seem no less complicated to many, can nevertheless be erected independently, but subject to strict adherence to the requirements of construction technology
A multi-gable roof can combine under a single roofing structure a number of roofs that differ in their type and purpose. The complexity of its design lies in the large number of ribs, valleys, and grooves. Its spire is rather artistic in nature, and is often used to install towers and domed roofs that emphasize the architectural style. Two-level coatings and are considered one of the most popular today.
Rafter structure
The basis of the roof structure is the rafter system. Most often it combines diagonal and directed towards the corners of the walls. The complexity of such structures lies in the fact that all the slopes do not rest on the Mauerlats, as usual, but on diagonal legs. That is, the load-bearing capacity of the structure depends not only on the calculation of the sections of the system elements, but also on the execution of connection nodes and the installation of stiffeners.
The main node is the joint at one point of the ridges of the same level of different sections of the roof. The ridge beams are connected at right angles, but, in addition, each of these corners also includes sloping legs, which are the main support for almost all rafters. The strength of this unit is increased by installing tie rods.
Sloping rafters are longer than regular rafters, so they are made paired. This technology simultaneously solves several problems:
- a rafter with a double cross-section can withstand increased load;
- joining the boards makes it possible to obtain a continuous beam of greater length;
- When connected, the standard size of the parts used is unified.
It turns out that for the construction of diagonal rafters one can practically use the same boards as for ordinary ones - and the use of boards of equal height for any type of rafters simplifies the design of the roof components. In addition, half-legs or rafters rest on them, due to which the layered supports are able to carry a load that is about one and a half times greater than the maximum load for conventional rafters.
Leaning the splints on the diagonal leg is done in two ways:
- Leaning on the upper surface. A cut is made in the rafters so that half of their section - the upper one - is above the diagonal leg, and the lower half rests on the side surface.
- Support on the side surface. The main thing in this case is how well the supporting parts are fitted. The lower rafter can be more firmly connected to the beam of the diagonal leg if you nail an additional support boss from the trim.
The bottom of the slope supports is usually for landing on a truss, a beam of timber thrown along intersecting external walls at an angle, a groove or a purlin console is cut into the horizon and secured with nails.
But diagonal supports located in the valley cannot be supported with a truss truss.
A truss truss is a truss structure with two struts installed.
The fact is that the valley forms the inner corner of the walls, so they need to be supported by racks or, in extreme cases, struts.
By the way, the installation of the roof covering in the case of a multi-gable roof begins with the installation of valleys, which are formed at the intersection of mutually perpendicular planes. At the same time, the technology for executing this unit depends entirely on the material used as the base material for the roof.
The article will tell you about the types and design of gable and multi-gable roofs. You will learn about design differences, advantages, disadvantages, as well as calculation features and stages of installation of multi-gable roofs, which is carried out in a certain order.
Basic Design Principles
A multi-gable roof is a system of rafters with slopes that are interconnected. The name spitz or pediment is used, but only if the area is separated from the wall of the building. If a wall has several gables or pediments, then it is multi-gable.
The number of tongs is not limited. But most often designs consist of two, three or four systems. The purpose of the tongs varies.
The installation process itself is complex and costly due to the design features and the amount of materials required.
Multi-gable roofs are a common choice for those home owners who can afford to build a building somewhat similar to a castle. But over time, it became possible to use more simple designs for the construction of tongs and in budget country houses.
Design and installation of gable roofs
The upper part of the building, which is limited by two slopes, is called a gable. The complexity of the design directly depends on the number of slopes crossed.
Gable
Gable roof - the most popular option for construction residential buildings. Its advantages include the following points:
some options diagrams of corners for connection;
under the roof there may be a used attic or a residential attic;
duration service life directly depends on the materials used;
ease of installation, repair, reconstruction;
tilt angle, due to which it is effectively removed rainwater and melting snow.
The supporting frame of a gable roof is built from rafters or trusses. The first is used in most residential buildings.
The second is during the construction of a building with large area, where high operational load will be noted.
Rafters in gable roof They can be hanging or layered. The former do not direct the load to load-bearing structure due to lack of support. The second type of rafters has a support - a purlin installed on vertical posts.
Hanging rafters are used to create a usable attic or attic. Layered - to enhance the strength properties of the structure when heavy roofing material is used or significant snow loads are expected.
A roof truss is a structure that uses straight members and hinged joints to avoid bending loads. The truss allows you to reduce the weight of the frame, increase spans and reduce material costs. Sometimes the structure is assembled on the ground and then raised up. This improves the build quality and speeds up the installation process.
Hip roof
A hip roof appears as a result of the intersection of gable structures.
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Because of this additional design element, two simple systems form the technological complexity of a multi-gable roof. Difficulties arise in the calculations and installation of parts for a multi-gable roof. If the inner corner has flaws, this can lead to leaks and damage to the integrity of the coating.
Other types of gable roofs
Multi-gable roofs make it possible to combine different types of structures. In this case, all crossed slopes can have dormer windows.
The gable roof is the best option during the construction of one-story buildings with a large area.
If the building is made in the shape of the letters “P”, “G”, “T”, then in this case only a multi-gable roof can be used. An effective option To get rid of gables, hip slopes are used.
Pros and cons of multi-gable roofs
advantages:
external view;
opportunity use in complex projects;
duration operational period;
can be used in homes from any materials;
does not accumulate snow;
space under the roof can be rationally used;
diversity architectural solutions;
effective drainage.
The multi-pitched roof has the following flaws:
the drainage system must be branched;
high material consumption;
high price due to the need to use additional elements in large quantities;
can only be used some from roofing coverings;
competent an approach to design and installation.
How are the dimensions of a multi-gable roof calculated?
The complexity of the calculation process will depend entirely on the individual elements of the project.
Experts break down the entire project into simple figures to make calculations easier.
How is the calculation carried out?
A three-gable roof is used in the calculations. The calculation begins by determining the height of the ridge, which depends on the width of the building or extension and the angle of the slope. If a problem with another unknown is being solved, then the slope angle is first determined.
When determining the length of the slanted rafter leg, there are some features.
The red line is the hypotenuse, and the blue (the length of the rafters of the main building) and green (1/2 the width of the extension) are the legs. Calculations are carried out using the Pythagorean theorem.
Calculation of the length of the sloped valley rafter leg
To determine the length of the hip roof extensions, use a calculator for calculating hip roof extensions. The calculation procedure in both cases is identical, only the direction of installation of the spigots changes.
If the rafters additionally perform the functions of a cornice overhang, then the length of the leg increases. To do this, use a calculator to calculate the elongation of the rafters to form the eaves overhang. In some cases, experts resort to using lengthening fillies, but for them it is also necessary to calculate the required length.
Next, the cross-section of the rafters is determined, which completely depends on the loads imposed on the roof. For correct calculation sections are arranged additional elements rafter leg supports. The appropriate calculator is used: calculation of a certain unloading on the legs.
To purchase the correct amount of required materials, the roof area is calculated. The total area includes:
a couple rectangular slopes without taking into account the triangle layered with rafters along the line of the valleys;
a couple trapezoidal stingrays
Main types of connecting nodes
A large number of various types multi-gable roofs does not allow defining a single system for installation. Connection methods can be simple or complex.
The beginning of the construction of a multi-gable roof truss system begins with laying and securing the Mauerlat to concrete base. There are 3 types of fastenings:
Used embedded pin threaded. The distance between the studs is approximately 70-80 cm. Holes for further fastening are drilled in the timber, 1-2 mm larger in diameter than the studs themselves.
Smooth steel wire. The method is divided into two possible options. The first is laid across the beam, which eliminates the need to drill holes. The beam is attracted by wire to the concrete. The second is that the segments are mounted along the wall, and the ends extend above the formwork. This will require drilling holes so that the ends can be threaded through the timber and twisted.
Using staples. There are several bracket configurations on the market. Models differ from each other in the fastening element. Some are attached to the sides or wall using prepared anchors or holes. This method of fastening is the most popular when installing timber on a wall.
Regardless of the chosen method of installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to take care of the waterproofing cutoff between the concrete and the wood. For this purpose it is used bitumen mastic, with which the surface is treated, and then several layers of roofing material are laid.
Several connection methods are used when attaching the attic floor beam to the mauerlat.
Using fortified corners connecting the beams to each other using self-tapping screws.
In the traditional way - cutting. To do this, a groove of ½ thickness is cut in the Mauerlat, and a tenon of a shape and size identical to the groove is cut out on the floor beam. The spike is installed in the hole, and a hammer is additionally used to knock it out. Some designs use additional fastening using corners.
Using floors in the overhang design, they are cut into the mauerlat, grooves with a depth of ½ timber are created in the parts. Metal corners are used for additional fixation.
Fastening the beams to the mauerlat using steel staples, driven into the beam and timber.
When attaching a beam to a rafter leg, one of several methods is used:
The rafter leg is fixed using staples, the length is set within 25 – 35 cm.
The simplest method of fastening is to fix it with corners. To ensure the tightest possible fit, grooves for the corners are cut in the rafters.
Making a gable roof
The manufacture of the roof is based on a structure consisting of rafters. The rafters themselves are made of wood or profile pipe. But the stages of work will be largely similar:
Removal sizes.
Definition the correct length and cross-section of the timber.
Fold out valley, stops, skates.
Installation Mauerlat.
Installation rafters from timber.
Installation battens, waterproofing layer, insulation and roofing.
The slope of the slope is selected depending on the climatic conditions of the region and the wishes of the customer. In some cases, a right angle of inclination is selected.
Frame installation
Installation work of the rafter system is carried out in accordance with the algorithm:
Creation waterproofing layer the top of the walls using mastic, roofing felt.
Mounting the Mauerlat.
Mauerlat marking. It is necessary to mark the points of attachment of the timber to the ceiling. There should be a distance of about 60 cm between the bars for filling with insulation.
On top of the floor beams must be made rough flooring, for which inch boards are used. This is necessary to facilitate movement at roof level.
Installation of central racks.
Installation of ridge timber on racks.
Fixing the frame at using two triangular segments.
Installation rafters for valley formation.
Installation of others rafter legs.
Installing Items for strengthening designs.
At the end of the work, the protruding ends of the rafters are trimmed.
Video description
In the video you can see the structure of the roof:
Conclusion
Construction of a multi-spoke roof is a complex process that requires not only knowledge, but also skills. Therefore, construction should be carried out by professionals. Financial and labor costs directly depend on the number of pliers, type and features of the project - an accurate estimate can only be obtained after preliminary calculations.
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The article will discuss the types of multi-gable roofing. Above the house square shape such a roof usually has many gables, gables and ribs. The gable is the upper part of the wall, bounded by two slopes. It is never separated by the cornice from below.
If the top of the wall is separated from the bottom by a cornice, this is no longer a gable, but a . In general, a gable roof is two planes resting on the walls, while being limited by gables or gables at the ends of the house.
What is a multi-gable roof?
Installation of multi-gable roofs occurs on houses with a complex layout, as well as when covering extensions, side lighting of the attic, and gables above the entrance.
A hipped hip roof is not complete without the presence of valleys. Anyone who wants to build just such a roof needs to know that this type involves ventilation of the attic and complete insulation from heated rooms.
The installation of a multi-gable roof requires quite a lot of roofing costs. In addition, after the work a lot of roofing waste remains.
Mauerlat represents wooden blocks size 150x150 or 150x100 mm. It is also possible to use one and a half meter bars (read: ""). Rafters for such roofs are assembled from dried pine beams with a cross-section of 150x50 mm.
The construction of a rafter system involves the use of layered or hanging rafters. Their choice depends on the absence or presence more supports, from the roof structure. Its design can contain both types of rafters at once.
At the junctions of gable roofs, it is necessary to install diagonal or slanted rafter legs. They will support the shortened rafter legs, or sprigs. Due to the very strong load on the diagonal rafters, they will need to be held together in several boards.
The rafters are connected at the top by ridge purlins made from joined timber or boards. If necessary, several intermediate runs should be installed at once.
A little advice ! After the rafter system complex roof installed, begin laying the waterproofing film (in strips) directed perpendicular to the slope. The overlap must be at least 15 cm. All joints must be glued with connecting tape.
Focus your attention on the places where the valleys are located, because streams of water will flow along them.
Rafter system frame house After the installation of waterproofing is completed, it is sheathed with counter-lattice bars. To carry out this work, you need bars or boards with a cross section of 50x50 and 32x100 mm, respectively. The grating should be installed in strict accordance with the instructions for the purchased coating (read: " ").
Possible types of roofs for your home, details in the video:
How to make a multi-gable roof?
Almost all owners of their own homes want to know how to create a multi-gable roof.
This type of roofing is quite complex. When deciding to create such a structure, some of the fragments of the building’s roof can be gable variations connected together. This option creates an amazing impression.
For example, rafters from a profile pipe are erected with your own hands in several stages:
- Take the dimensions of the building;
- Calculate the length and cross-section of the timber for the rafters;
- Position valleys, stops and skates;
- Install the Mauerlat (it should be a kind of base for the roof and run along the perimeter of the walls;
- Install and secure rafters made of laminated timber with saws or nails on the mauerlat;
- Install sheathing, waterproofing layer, roof covering, heat and vapor barrier.
The structures of this type of roof are pitched roofs with surfaces inclined towards the outer walls. This arrangement of the sides ensures the drainage of rain and melt water.
The slope should be selected based on the climatic conditions of the region where the building is located, as well as architectural requirements and roofing material. Sometimes the slope angle is even straight.
There are a large number of types of roofs that are built for a particular building. The multi-gable roof is considered the most complex in design and installation. Despite this, she is very attractive and truly decorates the house, for which she is in demand among “wealthy” people. This design is erected on houses with a square or polygonal shape, and on those to which rooms are attached above or below the main building. It is also installed in attics that require special lighting, and in houses with complex layouts.
The main advantage of a multi-gable roof is its beautiful design. It is capable of covering several rooms with one level. In general, this roof does not perform any useful functions, “working” primarily on the architectural style of the building. In another way it is called a tent or hip, and the slopes are called hips. Currently, the most common are half-hip roofs and two-level roofs.
Multi-gable roof design
It consists of three main elements that distinguish it from others: gables, a large number of valleys, pediments and grooves. It is a pitched structure with inclined roof surfaces to the outer walls, which ensures natural drainage of rain and melt water.
The gable is the upper section of the wall, bounded by two roof slopes. However, it is not separated in the lower part by a cornice, unlike gables. Endova – structural element, representing the internal angles at the joints. Any gable roof consists of planes resting on the wall at the same level. At the ends they are limited by pediments or gables.
Square houses with a multi-gable roof they look beautiful
Enough an important part roofs - the valley - during operation it takes on the greatest part of atmospheric precipitation; rainwater and snow accumulate in it. Therefore, when construction work she needs to pay close attention, otherwise she will “suffer” from leaks.
The next element of the roof is the rib. It is formed as a result of the connection of slopes and represents outside corner. An example of a rib is the place where two slopes on a quadrangular roof are connected.
Doing a multi-gable roof with your own hands is quite an expensive undertaking, primarily due to the large amount of materials that are spent on the rafter system and roofing due to its complex geometric shape. After completion of the work, a lot of waste is generated, especially if metal tiles are used for the roof. You should not build a multi-gable roof yourself without thorough knowledge in this area. It is better to turn to professionals, because the construction of such a complex structure is not without its nuances.
Endova. They converge on it and flow from it precipitation, so you need Special attention give it to the device.
The rafter system of a multi-gable roof is also not so simple, since it often combines layered and hanging rafters, so the calculation of their cross-section and the installation of stiffening elements must be done especially carefully.
The simplest option multi-gable roof - two gable structures connected at right angles. When viewed from above, this structure will look like a cross-shaped figure. Most often, several parts of a building may contain gable structures combined into a single whole. They are what give the building its quaint appearance.
The main elements of the rafter system are the mauerlat, rafters and beams:
- Mauerlat redistributes the load from the roof to the walls. It is made of timber with a length of 1000 - 1500 mm and a section of 150x150 or 100x150 mm. To prevent the forces from the rafters from pushing the walls apart, the Mauerlat must be firmly attached to reinforced belt, which is erected during the construction of walls. After this, the rafter legs are installed.
- For rafters, beams of the same cross-section are used as for the mauerlat. They can be inclined or hanging, depending on the presence or absence of additional supports.
- A ridge is made from the beams, which connects the upper parts of the rafters. Sometimes it is necessary to install additional intermediate runs.
Construction of a multi-gable roof gable
Step-by-step instructions for constructing the structure
During construction, the following steps must be taken:
- First you need to correctly measure the dimensions of the house. All calculations will be easier for professionals. For a person who has no experience in building such complex structures, it will be difficult to navigate the position of the purlins, mauerlats, etc., so the control and advice of an experienced builder will come in handy.
- Calculate the length and cross-section of the rafters. They are made from coniferous species. Wood moisture content should be no more than 20%.
- Then you need to arrange the remaining elements: stops, skates and valleys.
- Install the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the wall.
- Secure the rafters to the mauerlat using cuts or nails.
- At the end, the installation of sheathing, waterproofing of the roof covering, heat and vapor barrier is carried out. Which lathing to choose, in what increments, depends on the roofing material. For soft coverings it is necessary to choose a continuous flooring, and for profiled metal coverings or rigid roofing materials, the lathing is sparse.
A multi-gable roof must have high-quality vapor barrier and waterproofing
The waterproofing film is laid in strips perpendicular to the direction of the slope. An overlap of at least 15 cm is made, in addition, the joints must be sealed with connecting tapes. Much attention should be paid to valleys, since they are the least reliable place on the roof and take on the largest amount of water.
The choice of roof inclination angle depends on climatic conditions, material and architectural features of the building. Sometimes this figure can reach 90 degrees.
During the construction of a multi-gable roof, the default is to provide attic space for the attic. Therefore, the roof should be well insulated. Also, it should not penetrate excess moisture.
The insulation should be based on mineral fiber, for example, basalt or glass. These substances have a soft structure, which allows you to insulate hard-to-reach areas of the roof. The insulation prevents the formation of cold zones that contribute to the appearance of strong condensation. Moisture that accumulates in the under-roof area worsens thermal insulation and leads to rotting wooden elements.
For attic premises additional slopes, the same valleys and ribs, as well as rafters and sheathing are required
The presence of an attic in the house allows you to significantly expand the usable space. When arranging it, it is worth remembering about ventilation. It is for the attic that it is needed even more than for other residential premises. Traditional types roll waterproofing(like glassine or roofing felt) do not provide long service life, durability and environmental friendliness. Therefore, membrane-type materials are now becoming more common, which increase the thickness of the insulation to the entire height of the rafters and significantly reduce heat loss in the attic floor.
Deciding on a price category
Before constructing a multi-gable roof, the issue of price stands apart. After all, this is not only the most difficult option roof construction, but also the most expensive due to the large volume of work and expensive materials, which are required in large quantities. This design may cost half as much as another type of roof. It is worth paying attention to the fact that considerable loads will be placed on the rafter system, so you should only buy quality bars.
The installation of such a roof will cost at least half as much as another type of roof.
If you build such a roof, you will have a large space at your disposal that you can use as you wish. For example, with the help of this roofing wonderful upper rooms and attics are made. Since the angle of the roof is very large, all precipitation quickly rolls off it.
Main conclusions
So, as you already understand, building a multi-gable roof is not an easy task. However, if you approach it professionally, then in the end you can get a real “candy house” in which it is a pleasure to be. In the photo, a multi-gable roof looks very attractive, but in real life it looks even more impressive if you approach its arrangement creatively.
The multi-gable roof combines an attractive appearance and complex installation
The only drawback– price for necessary materials, tools, roofing services are quite high, which is why this roof is not very popular. Basically, our houses can boast only a gable or varieties hipped roof. However, the attractive appearance and the availability of space for an attic make a multi-gable roof an excellent option for a private home.
