Clinker facing brick. What are the dimensions of a single brick LSR Group: clinker brick from a Russian manufacturer

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Today, new building materials often crowd out traditional ones in the market, occupying their niches due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, use and operation, and the possibility of organizing mass production. In particular, this trend can be seen in the production and use of various types of small-piece products. However, the undeniable fact remains that it is very difficult for the new materials popularized today to displace clinker bricks on the market. This is explained by the fact that this type of brick is characterized by a huge number of colors and textures. And if we add to this impressive durability, reliability and environmental friendliness, it becomes clear why until now clinker bricks have remained unrivaled in the construction industry.

Production technology

The term “clinker” itself has German roots and means “brick”. It is already traditionally believed that small-piece clinker products with the best properties are produced in Germany and Poland. The manufacturing technology of this type of brick is very simple: it is produced by firing in specially equipped kilns by exposing refractory types of clay to high temperatures (working temperature indicators, which are about 1200 °C, are an order of magnitude higher than when firing standard ceramic bricks) until complete sintering starting raw materials. As a result, we can safely say that since the composition of clinker bricks produced today includes exclusively clay, such material is more likely to belong to ceramic products, like faience or terracotta. It is worth noting that the clinker production process requires scrupulous adherence to all technological nuances, a special attitude to the molding of products and the quality of the raw materials.

Types of clinker bricks

Varieties existing today of this material determine the specific application of each specific type of product.

Clinker facade tiles is a type of decorative small-piece cladding material used for finishing facades, and also as a decorative finishing material (for interior decoration) premises various types. Its release is regulated by GOST 530-2012. Today, hollow and solid facade clinker is produced.
Technical clinker is used for arranging sidewalks, bridges, garden paths, and areas both outdoors and indoors. Paving clinker is a more expensive type of technical clinker, which has the same scope of application.
Acid-resistant clinker has excellent ability to withstand various aggressive environments. It is actively used when laying out the facades of buildings and structures.
Waterproof clinker has proven itself in a variety of hydraulic structures, operated in conditions of high humidity.
Specialized clinker allows you to finish surfaces with intricate, complex shapes. The production of small-piece products of this type involves the production of diverse corner elements (in addition to standard ones). Some manufacturers offer clinker facing bricks for various surfaces.
Clinker used in decorative finishing works ah or in the construction of structures (gazebos, fences, canopies, etc.) with low load on supporting structures.

The production of all types of clinker bricks, except for facade bricks, is not standardized and is regulated by the technical conditions of each specific manufacturer. The difference in the characteristics of each type of clinker is achieved by using different types of clays that differ in the initial data.

Dimensions and weight

Main dimensions of clinker:

250 x 120 x 65 mm (1 NF - single);
250 x 85 x 65 mm (0.7 NF - “euro”);
250 x 60 x 65 mm (0.5 NF - half).

When manufacturing non-standard products, dimensional deviations are allowed (dimensions are set by a specific manufacturer on an individual basis).

The weight of clinker bricks depends on the manufacturer and can vary from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

Technical characteristics of clinker bricks

Depending on the brand and manufacturer, there may be the following characteristics:

strength grades: M200-M1000;
water absorption: 3-6%;
density: from 1500 to 2000 kg/m³;
thermal conductivity: from 0.4 to 0.9 W/(m °C);
frost resistance: from 100 to 300 cycles;
voidness: up to 48%.

Advantages

more than a solid service life (minimum 100 years);
high aesthetic qualities;
high strength characteristics;
the ability to produce a huge range of products with any shape, color, texture;
possibility of a wide range of applications;
versatility.

Flaws

The disadvantages of clinker products include a very significant point - their high cost, exceeding at least 2 times the price of conventional ceramic bricks. However, if we consider this factor in the light of the fact that the service life of clinker objects is several times higher than the same indicators for structures made of ordinary brick, then talk about the shortcomings of the former does not stand up to criticism. In addition, for laying this type of brick it is necessary to use special solutions due to its low water absorption.

Informed choice

When deciding on choosing clinker bricks as a building material, it is worth studying in detail photos and videos of various examples of its use in the construction of objects of varying complexity and purpose. Having read the reviews about the operation of structures made of clinker bricks, we can conclude that today it is - optimal material for the construction of objects of any complexity.

Video

Facing brick is one of the best and most durable solutions for decorating the facade of a building. It has excellent aesthetic properties, is durable, and can be used to decorate a home made of any wall material. The only thing that may confuse users when choosing facing bricks is that the sizes are not always standard.

Standard sizes of facing bricks

The size range of facing bricks is not tied to wall bricks, because they do not carry such a load. This is also due to the fact that by varying the sizes, you can achieve a non-standard shape. facing masonry, and this may be necessary according to the designer’s plan or according to the approved project. The facing brick can be single, one-and-a-half, and perform not only a decorative function. It does a good job of protecting the building from temperature changes, damping them, and making the work of insulating structures easier. It is also important that it can protect the main wall from snow, rain and wind, without losing its aesthetic properties.

The size of a standard single facing brick is 250x120x65 mm, a large-format brick can have a size of 285x85x85, or a completely non-standard size - 215x102x62 mm. Bricks in these sizes are most often made from ceramic or silicate raw materials. Due to the fact that facing brick it simply must be, first of all, aesthetically attractive; from this point of view, special requirements are placed on it.

Parameters of facing bricks

The facing brick must have a strictly defined color that is consistent throughout the batch. Scattering in tone in this case is simply unacceptable, since wall bricks do not have to be uniform. Often it is simply hidden under a layer of cladding.
The facing brick must have at least two front faces. They should be either absolutely smooth or textured, but without chips or cracks.
The linear dimensions of facing bricks are controlled very strictly, since it is no longer possible to hide an oversight caused by a discrepancy in size.
The maximum moisture absorption of facing bricks should be no more than 5%, but in addition, it must also be frost-resistant and have strength to withstand basic mechanical stress. For this, manufacturing technologies are used that differ from conventional wall bricks, which cannot but affect the price.

Size of one and a half facing brick

One-and-a-half facing bricks have slightly different dimensions than the standard ones. It is the same in length and width, but its thickness is slightly greater. Its dimensions are 250x120x88 mm. Oddly enough, one-and-a-half bricks sell better than single bricks. This is due to the fact that it has greater strength and is more consistent with the physical characteristics of ordinary bricks.

One-and-a-half bricks can be either hollow or filled. Its structure depends on the specific application. If a higher load on the brick is expected, it is better to choose it filled. Hollow material is well suited in cases where there is no need to strengthen the cladding, but it retains heat better, since the best heat insulator is still air enclosed in a certain volume. In terms of composition, one-and-a-half facing bricks can be ceramic or silicate. Ceramic has a higher density and good sound insulation, but as a result, surface strength suffers. Efflorescence often appears on it. Sand-lime brick is made using a different technology, which determines its more favorable price. It cannot be used indoors, but this is not critical for facing materials.

Dimensions of clinker facing bricks

Clinker brick is a modification of ordinary brick, but technologists have done a good job with its parameters. Clinker facing brick has excellent wear resistance and strength, and it is most rational to use it in places where the surface is most actively used. It finds application on the base, on door and window openings. It is also very often used for paving garden paths and courtyards.

Clinker bricks are produced from special types of clay, subjected to high temperature treatment during production. It has a very dense structure, which gives it good properties in terms of frost resistance and water resistance. Brick can have a wide variety of colors and textures, and in addition to the standard size, it can be elongated - 528x108x37 mm. All this makes it one of the best facing materials.

Facing brick in any version can not only decorate your home and emphasize the individuality of the project, but also make it warmer and more comfortable, both inside and outside.

Exterior decoration of a house requires certain knowledge, taste and money.

If you have all these qualities, there will be no problems with the choice of material for external cladding.

Clinker brick, the most durable and resistant to any destructive influences, is the most preferred material for finishing a house.

It is able to protect the walls from any influences, creating a stylish and very atmospheric appearance of the house, reminiscent of good old buildings.

It is worth knowing as much as possible about the properties of this material, it deserves it.

Clinker brick for facade

Clinker brick is one of the types of ceramic material that has the greatest hardness and strength.

The material is made from special raw materials - kaolin clay, which contains special substances (aluminum oxide, iron oxide, etc.) that enhance the properties of the brick during firing and give the material a certain shade of color - from cherry to dark purple. Gray and black shades are given by carbon monoxide, which appears due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen during firing.

There are two technological modes for making clinker bricks. The first and most common is extrusive. The plastic material is continuously pulled through the molding slots with periodic trimming.

The second method is individual molding, produced for more expensive grades of material manufactured for specialized personalized orders. From the point of view of stability of shape and size, the first method is preferable, giving a standard size of material that facilitates work.

The properties of the material allow it to be used in a somewhat unusual capacity - for example, for finishing swimming pools or paving sidewalks. The material copes with these responsibilities quite effectively.

Photo of a house with clinker bricks:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of clinker bricks are::

High strength, hardness of the material.
Durability corresponds to the service life of the building.
Almost complete absence of moisture absorption, high frost resistance.
Resistant to sudden temperature changes.
High decorative properties of facing bricks.
Many options for color and texture of the material.
Resistant to the formation of mold, mildew, moss, etc.
No fading from exposure to UV rays.
Does not require any maintenance.

At the same time, there are disadvantages:

To form a high-quality coating, you will need to contact professional masons.
The cost of material and labor is much higher than that of other finishing materials.
If you need to maintain the same color as possible, you will have to immediately buy the required amount of material from one batch, since the features of the technology cannot always ensure color stability.

Types of clinker facing bricks

Facing clinker bricks can have different types of surface:

Glossy.
Glazed.
Matte.
Corrugated (textured).

In addition, there are several standard sizes:

Single (1NF).
One and a half (1.4 NF).
Double (2.1NF).
"Eurostandard" (0.7 NF).
Modular, single (1.3 NF).

By block density:

Hollow (facing).
Full-bodied (multifunctional).

In addition to the usual parallelepiped shape, clinker facing bricks are available in various modifications designed for neat design architectural elements building.

There are many options for non-standard shaped bricks (additional bricks), all of them are designed to form transitions at different angles, design of edges or bends of the plane. There may be about 20 non-standard shape options.

Elements that can be decorated with such blocks:

Bay windows.
Columns.
Corners with rounded or depressed edges.
Arches.
Window sills.
Base eyebrows.
Cornices, etc.

In addition, there are several brick formats used in Russia and Europe:

DF - 240x115x52 mm.
RF - 240x115x65 mm.
NF - 240x115x71 mm.
WDF - 210x100x65 mm.
2DF - 240x115x113 mm.
3DF - 240x115x175 mm.

In Russia, the NF format is most often used, although almost all types of material are commercially available. When purchasing, you should specify the format, especially if you plan to combine different types of bricks, so that there is no mismatch in size.

Properties and technical specifications

Main parameters of clinker facing bricks:

Density - 2000 kg/m3.
Thermal conductivity - 1.17 W/m°C.
Moisture absorption - 3-5%.
Frost resistance - 200 cycles.
Vapor permeability - 0.07 mg/(m h Pa).
Acid resistance - 95%.
Fire resistance - no less than 1800°.
Service life - 130-150 years (some manufacturers claim a service life of up to 200 years).

The technology of firing clinker bricks allows you to create a structure that is practically devoid of pores. The moisture absorption of such material is extremely low, which ensures high frost resistance. The only important condition is the absence of open planes (beds) of hollow bricks into which water can penetrate and tear the material when freezing.

A useful feature of clinker bricks is the ability to carefully disassemble the cladding (for example, if it is necessary to insulate a wall or replace failed insulation) and re-lay this brick again. Clinker materials are quite easily cleaned from the hardened solution, making it possible to reuse the cladding.

Preparing the wall for cladding

Cladding a house with clinker bricks lasts for decades. The presence of any defects on the walls is an issue that requires a complete and final solution before laying the facing bricks, since then it will be too late.

Therefore, all existing wall defects must be eliminated. In addition, the installation of insulation must be carried out on a flat surface that does not form gaps or cavities that can prevent the removal of moisture from the wall materials and become a place for water accumulation.

Wetting building materials or insulation will quickly disable them and start the process of destruction, which is unacceptable and must be avoided at the preparation stage.

Stages of production preparation:

Cleaning the surface of all foreign objects or materials. Removing old paint, accumulated layers, and shedding.
All defects in the walls, existing or formed during cleaning, must be repaired with putty. The cracks should be thoroughly expanded to determine their structure - inside they can expand and form significant cavities.
If the problem areas are large and there are too many of them, best option- complete plastering of the wall.
The leveled surface is impregnated with two layers of primer deep penetration- primer. This operation will help strengthen the contact of the special adhesive for insulation with the wall, will secure the upper layers of the wall material and protect them from destruction.
Installation of insulation is carried out using conventional technology - in dense rows without cracks or gaps, using special glue with additional fastening with fungi - dowels with wide caps. Slab mineral wool, polystyrene foam or penoplex, etc. are used as insulation.

A sealed layer of waterproofing membrane must be laid on top of the (vapor-permeable) insulation.

Cladding technology

The cladding can be laid with or without a ventilation gap. The need for ventilation of the lining space arises when using vapor-permeable insulation. When installing impenetrable types of material, no gap is needed, and steam is removed from the inside using enhanced ventilation. In this case, the cladding is laid close to the insulation, which requires special attention to its position relative to the plane and vertical.
Laying begins from below on the foundation ledge. If its width is small, it should be increased using a metal corner attached to the foundation with anchors.
The first row of bricks is laid with ventilation gaps between every 3-4 bricks. They are gaps the size of the usual distance between adjacent bricks, but not filled with solution. The topmost row of bricks is designed in a similar way. Gaps will allow for ventilation. ventilation gap and remove water vapor from it.
Laying is carried out with an offset of 1/2 brick. For stability, the cladding is connected to the wall every 3-4 rows using anchors. They are installed slightly below the row spacing and slightly bent upward so that the flowing water falls on the waterproofing and not on the cladding. The anchors are tucked into the inter-row seams to at least 2/3 of the length.
The installation technology is no different from the generally accepted one. Expansion joints necessary to compensate for thermal expansion are made every 12 meters(on the north side of the house - every 15, dark brick on the illuminated side of the house requires 9 m). Expansion joints are made along the line of brick joints and subsequently filled with sealant or other elastic material that does not allow water to pass through.

Useful video

In this video you will learn about the pros and cons of clinker bricks:

Conclusion

Clinker brick is the most durable and reliable facing material, capable of serving for centuries without changes. The high price of this material is fully compensated by the lack of worries after installation, and the properties and quality of facing clinker bricks are the standard for all external finishing materials. The appearance of the building sets it apart from many other houses, making the building solid and well finished.

expert-dacha.pro

Description of clinker facing material

Clinker products are made from a special kind of refractory clay by firing at elevated temperatures(over 1000 °C). The result of firing at such a high temperature is a homogeneous composition of the products, without voids and particles of foreign origin. This technology gives clinker high strength and durability. Clinker facing material has excellent operational characteristics: it is resistant to water, frost, and creates a good barrier against the penetration of sounds and heat leaks. The density of the structure gives it extremely high wear resistance and prevents contamination.

Clinker is a universal building material, which allows it to be used in various areas of construction. Such brick is involved in the construction of new buildings and during the reconstruction of already worn-out ones; they are used to cover the facades of houses and construct columns from it, decorate window openings, etc.

For cladding, façade clinker specially designed for this purpose or colored (or glazed) is used. Glazed clinker products can not only have different shades, but can also be glossy or matte. It depends on the glazing method.

Conventionally, the glazing method looks like this: paint of the required shade is applied to the finished clinker products (in 2 layers), and they are placed in the oven for a short period of time. Repeated firing is performed at temperatures above 1200 °C. As a result, the coating is sintered with the surface of the clinker. Glazed material does not lose its rich color for many years.

Quite often, clinker bricks are used in landscaping. A variety such as paving clinker fits perfectly into the surrounding natural conditions of the natural landscape. There is no need to worry when laying paths from clinker products: the paths will not deteriorate over time.

Figured clinker brick is a real find for design ideas. With his participation, it is possible to transform the most banal landscape into a whole work of art. Clinker is used when it is necessary to pave sidewalk areas near large office buildings, since such bricks can withstand more significant loads than analogous materials.

Without any doubt, clinker cladding is durable, strong and beautiful. But few people realize that it is also safe from an environmental point of view. The clinker production technology does not provide for the addition chemical substances and impurities. Therefore, such a brick is rightfully environmentally friendly pure material for construction. Which becomes an important factor in the context of mass propaganda of environmental protection.

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Dimensions and other parameters of clinker

The formats of our products are very diverse: from standard and generally accepted to the most atypical. This allows designers to realize a variety of ideas.

The range of diverse shaped materials with both protective and aesthetic properties is also very extensive.

The material is not cheap. Therefore, its selection should be taken seriously. Similar products are made in our country, in Ukraine, and in Europe. It makes sense to turn to manufacturers that have proven themselves in the market, operating in this industry for hundreds of years and carefully preserving the traditions of technology.

For example, German and Dutch companies have long earned a reliable reputation. It is only important to note that their modern standards have some differences from those familiar to our compatriots.

24.0 * 11.5 * 7.1 cm are the basic dimensions of bricks for cladding and finishing work.

Frost resistance of brick (letter F) is usually designated 35-100. How higher figure, the higher the resistance to frost. The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 150.

When hitting high-strength grades (M150-300) of products with a hammer, they break off tiny chips and form sparks, but do not split. The strength of clinker reaches at least M400.

Clinker material for cladding is a kind of “aristocrat” in construction market finishing. Its technology has been known for a long time, as well as its quality and long service life.

www.vsebloki.ru

Description and characteristics of clinker

Clinker bricks are produced by molding and high-temperature processing of mixtures of carefully ground refractory clay, minerals and silicates with minor additions clean water. The main requirement of the manufacturing technology is slow firing of products in tunnel-type furnaces heated to 1300°C. Under these conditions, the raw material mass is sintered with the highest possible homogeneity, forming a high-strength element without cracks and finely dispersed pores.

It is characterized by high color stability, but due to the absence of foreign impurities in the composition, its shades are always natural. The range of colors is wide - from light to almost black. The texture can be any: from smooth to rusticated or velvet. Dimensions comply with standards, in case Russian production– GOST 530-2012, foreign – European ISO standards. To reduce weight and improve thermal insulation qualities, they are mainly made hollow, but there are exceptions. Despite the different shapes of the edges and the possible absence of chamfers, they have high accuracy geometric parameters.

Properties and characteristics of facade clinker

Performance indicators:

The amount of water absorption does not exceed 6%, for most advanced manufacturers it is 5.
Withstands at least 100 freezing cycles.
The minimum acceptable strength grade is M250.
Not afraid of fire and withstands direct contact with flame. For this reason, it is recommended to buy it not only for finishing facades, but also for the facing of fireplaces.
The minimum density is 1500 kg/m 3, the average for most products is 2000-2100.
Thermal conductivity does not exceed 1.15 W/m °C.
Average voidness is 30%. Slotted clinker brick of size 1NF weighs no more than 2.3 kg.
Durability reaches 100 years or more.
Absolutely resistant to ultraviolet radiation and biological threats.

Pros and cons of use
Features and disadvantages taken into account include fragility; in order to avoid unnecessary expenses, delivery, unloading and stacking conditions are negotiated separately. This finish is considered elite, minimum costs amount to 1,400 rubles/m2 (not counting installation services). When purchasing foreign-made products, they at least double.

Clear advantages are resistance to most external influences, high decorativeness, strength and durability. Facades made of clinker bricks remain unchanged throughout their entire service life; this option is chosen when finishing “for centuries”. The scope of application is not limited by climatic conditions, but installation is carried out exclusively in warm and dry weather.

stroitel-lab.ru

What is clinker brick?

Peculiarities

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are conditioned unusual technology manufacturing and use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. When exposed to high temperatures, sand turns into glass. The firing conditions for the workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To receive the product required quality the temperature in the kiln must be maintained exactly at 1300 o C. For comparison, during the firing of ordinary bricks, 900 o C is sufficient. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees minimal porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

Durability

Safety: environmentally friendly and fireproof

Clinker facing bricks include only natural components: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This construction material can confidently be considered one of the most environmentally friendly. Clinker brick can withstand temperatures up to 1800 o C without deformation. It owes this degree of fire resistance to the refractory mixture from which it is made. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

Flaws

Areas of application

Types of clinker facing bricks are determined by their intended purpose. Facade is used for exterior finishing, usually has a glazed surface for maximum safety and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer wide choose color shades and textures of this type of brick. Pavement is used for paving garden and driveway paths. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. The construction type is used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

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Production technology

The term “clinker” itself has German roots and means “brick”. It is already traditionally believed that small-piece clinker products with the best properties are produced in Germany and Poland. The manufacturing technology of this type of brick is very simple: it is produced by firing in specially equipped kilns by exposing refractory types of clay to high temperatures (working temperature indicators, which are about 1200 °C, are an order of magnitude higher than when firing standard ceramic bricks) until complete sintering starting raw materials. As a result, we can safely say that since the clinker bricks produced today contain exclusively clay, such material is more likely to belong to ceramic products, like faience or terracotta. It is worth noting that the clinker production process requires scrupulous adherence to all technological nuances, a special attitude to the molding of products and the quality of the raw materials.

Types of clinker bricks

The varieties of this material that exist today determine the specific application of each specific type of these products.

Clinker facade tiles are a type of decorative small-piece cladding material used for finishing facades, as well as as a decorative finishing material (for interior decoration) of various types of premises. Its release is regulated by GOST 530-2012. Today, hollow and solid facade clinker is produced.
Technical clinker is used for arranging sidewalks, bridges, garden paths, and areas both outdoors and indoors. Paving clinker is a more expensive type of technical clinker, which has the same scope of application.
Acid-resistant clinker has excellent ability to withstand various aggressive environments. It is actively used when laying out the facades of buildings and structures.
Waterproof clinker has proven itself well in the construction of various hydraulic structures operated in conditions of high humidity.
Specialized clinker allows you to finish surfaces with intricate, complex shapes. The production of small-piece products of this type involves the production of diverse corner elements (in addition to standard ones). Some manufacturers offer clinker facing bricks for various surfaces.
Clinker used in decorative finishing works or in the construction of structures (gazebos, fences, canopies, etc.) with low load on supporting structures.

Dimensions and weight

Main dimensions of clinker:

250 x 120 x 65 mm (1 NF - single);
250 x 85 x 65 mm (0.7 NF - “euro”);
250 x 60 x 65 mm (0.5 NF - half).

When manufacturing non-standard products, dimensional deviations are allowed (dimensions are set by a specific manufacturer on an individual basis).

The weight of clinker bricks depends on the manufacturer and can vary from 1.6 to 3.3 kg.

Depending on the brand and manufacturer, there may be the following characteristics:

strength grades: M200-M1000;
water absorption: 3-6%;
density: from 1500 to 2000 kg/m³;
thermal conductivity: from 0.4 to 0.9 W/(m °C);
frost resistance: from 100 to 300 cycles;
voidness: up to 48%.

Advantages

more than a solid service life (minimum 100 years);
high aesthetic qualities;
high strength characteristics;
the ability to produce a huge range of products with any shape, color, texture;
possibility of a wide range of applications;
versatility.

Flaws

The disadvantages of clinker products include a very significant point - their high cost, which is at least 2 times higher than the price of ordinary ceramic bricks. However, if we consider this factor in the light of the fact that the service life of clinker objects is several times higher than the same indicators for structures made of ordinary brick, then talk about the shortcomings of the former does not stand up to criticism. In addition, for laying this type of brick it is necessary to use special solutions due to its low water absorption.

Informed choice

When deciding on choosing clinker bricks as a building material, it is worth studying in detail photos and videos of various examples of its use in the construction of objects of varying complexity and purpose. Having read the reviews about the operation of structures made of clinker bricks, we can conclude that today it is the optimal material for the construction of objects of any complexity.

mainavi.ru

Clinker brick has excellent decorative properties and amazing durability. What are its areas of application? What range of sizes, types, colors and textures are available to customers? We will talk about this in this article.

What is clinker brick?

Thanks to the unique combination of elegant appearance and excellent performance characteristics, this building material is considered elite. Its use will help the house look aesthetically pleasing, while at the same time giving the facade strength and durability. Clinker bricks are much more expensive than other facing materials, but their quality justifies the costs. It was invented and began to be produced in industrial scale in Holland in the 19th century. Its name translated from Dutch means “ringing”. At first it was used only for paving roads, but later it became one of the most popular materials for exterior and interior decoration.

Peculiarities

Clinker facing bricks have unique physical and decorative properties. They are due to unusual manufacturing technology and the use of special raw materials. Brick is made only from so-called lean clay with a high content of quartz sand. Mineral dyes and volcanic basalt can be added to the refractory mixture. When exposed to high temperatures, sand turns into glass. The firing conditions for the workpieces are very different from the standard ones. To obtain a product of the required quality, the temperature in the furnace must be maintained at exactly 1300 ° C. For comparison, during the firing of ordinary bricks, 900 °C is sufficient. Compliance with these technological conditions guarantees minimal porosity of the material and its density. It gains exceptional strength and very low moisture absorption.

Durability and safety

Clinker façade facing bricks do not require special care or effort to maintain an aesthetic appearance. Dirt does not penetrate its surface and is easily washed off with water; this is ensured by the extremely low porosity of the material. This property also prevents the appearance of moss on the walls. Over time, the color of the brick does not fade, since mineral dyes are added directly to the clay at the stage of forming the blanks. This facing material retains its original appearance throughout its entire service life.

In terms of strength, clinker facing bricks are twice as strong as regular bricks. It has a high level of compression resistance and resistance to mechanical damage. Architects use it to construct foundations and plinths of buildings that bear the weight of the structure and must withstand heavy loads.

Moisture absorption and frost resistance

The internal structure of clinker bricks is exceptionally dense, thanks to pre-pressing of raw materials and firing at high temperatures. The almost complete absence of microscopic pores prevents the penetration of moisture. Clinker facing bricks absorb 3-5% of water from their mass. If the product has a glazed surface, then it does not absorb moisture at all. For comparison, for other materials this figure is 25%.

The low level of moisture absorption provides tangible benefits. The cladding can be used in difficult climatic conditions without making additional efforts to protect it from precipitation. There is a relationship between moisture absorption and frost resistance. If a brick absorbs a lot of water, its structure collapses at low temperatures. Clinker brick does not have this drawback and can withstand at least 75 freezing and thawing cycles.

Durability

According to this parameter, this material confidently holds a leading position. If all technological requirements are met during its use in construction and operation, the warranty period can reach up to 100 years. This phenomenal durability is the result of numerous positive qualities clinker bricks. Low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and strength reliably protect it from all destructive environmental influences.

Safety: environmentally friendly and fireproof

Clinker facing bricks include only natural components: clay, sand and various mineral additives. It does not emit any substances harmful to health. This building material can confidently be considered one of the most environmentally friendly. Clinker brick can withstand temperatures up to 1800°C without deformation. It owes this degree of fire resistance to the refractory mixture from which it is made. The use of this material in construction increases the fire safety of buildings.

Flaws

Although there are many advantages, clinker facing bricks also have some disadvantages. These include its low soundproofing properties. In addition, in terms of heat conservation, it is approximately two times inferior to ordinary red brick. It is worth noting that this disadvantage is partially compensated by the fact that manufacturers produce many hollow types of this product. For example, facing clinker bricks for exterior finishing in most cases it occurs in this form. Hollowness significantly increases thermal insulation.

Areas of application

Types of clinker facing bricks are determined by their intended purpose. Facade used for exterior decoration, usually has a glazed surface for maximum safety and moisture resistance. Manufacturers offer a wide selection of colors and textures of this type of brick. Sidewalk used for paving garden and driveway paths. It is worth noting that due to its strength, it perfectly withstands significant loads, for example, the weight of a car. Building This type is used in the construction of plinths and foundations.

Sizes and colors

There are strict standards according to which clinker facing bricks are produced. Dimensions cannot have deviations of more than 4 mm in length, 3 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness. Accuracy depends on the quality of the manufacturer’s equipment and the qualifications of its specialists. There are three main sizes of this building material:

single (250 x 120 x 65 mm);
one and a half (250 x 120 x 88 mm);
double (250 x 120 x 140 mm);

European standard - 250 x 85 x 65 mm. The most popular products are German manufacturers. Russian clinker facing bricks occupy a small market share. Buyers have access to a wide range of colors of this material. Companies offer about a hundred shades created by adding mineral dyes to raw materials. Decorative properties combined with durability make clinker brick one of the most attractive materials for exterior and interior decoration.

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Dimensions and weight of clinker bricks

Clinker bricks are produced in several formats, ranging from standard to shapes and sizes atypical for building materials. This feature makes it possible to implement any design projects. At the same time, the material itself is not affordable, so you need to choose it carefully.

Basic standard dimensions of clinker bricks (length*width*height), cm:

24.0*11.5*7.1 (base);
25.0*12*6.5 (single);
25.0*8.5*6.5 (euro);
25.0*6.0*6.5 (half).

For production of non-standard sizes, some deviations are allowed. The weight of the CC can be in the range of 1.6 - 3.3 kg.

Read below about the durability of clinker brick (brick), its strength, service life and other properties.

The video below will tell you in more detail about the dimensions of clinker:

Specifications

CC has the following characteristics:

The compressive strength of clinker brick is about 250-350 kgf/cm2, which will differ depending on the brand;
Water absorption 5-6%;
The frost resistance of clinker bricks is 200 freeze-thaw cycles at 100% humidity;
Minimum density 1500 kg/m;
Number of voids up to 30%;
Specific gravity 2000-2100 kg/m3;
The average thermal conductivity is 1.15 W/Mk;
High fire safety. Exposure to fire does not lead to their destruction.
Service life 130-150 years.

The characteristics of clinker bricks say little to the common man, however, they are extremely important for a professional.

This video will tell you about the properties of clinker bricks:

Properties of CC

Due to the fact that the material is exposed to high temperatures during the production process, the result is clinker brick with increased strength and low water absorption coefficient. Its density allows it to withstand up to 1 t per 1 cm 2 without loss or change in structure. In addition, thanks to this property, the brick is resistant to fungus, bacteria and other destroyers.

High frost resistance is achieved as a result of the minimum number of pores that can absorb water. If we compare this material with concrete, then KK is many times greater in mechanical strength, abrasion resistance and durability.

Due to the fact that the clinker is fired at temperatures above 1800 0 C, the resulting finished product is extremely resistant to fire. With prolonged contact with it, the brick does not change its structure and integrity.

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What is clinker brick and what are its differences from other types

In accordance with GOST 530-2012, the product is described as durable and with exceptionally low moisture absorption, which provides it with excellent performance and decorative properties. The material can be used in aggressive environments and for finishing work and cladding of buildings.

The product has the shape of a regular parallelepiped with the dimensions specified by the current standard. The outer surface of clinker brick has a slightly rough texture, the color of which ranges from light yellow to dark brown. There are about a hundred shades in total, the formation of which is achieved by introducing special additives into the composition of the raw materials.

Clinker brick differs significantly from ordinary ceramic brick in the following ways:

When laying clinker bricks, masons use modified cement-sand mixtures. Such solutions have a minimum setting time, which makes it possible to reduce time standards during the construction of building structures. For decorative purposes, the seams between the blocks are embroidered and rubbed with cement compounds with the addition of a coloring pigment. This increases labor intensity technological process, but also significantly improve the appearance of the masonry.

Types of clinker bricks

Building material of this type is classified according to its intended purpose. The following types of clinker bricks are offered to the consumer:

Technical characteristics of clinker bricks

The production of this building material is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 530-2007 and 7484-78. The technical characteristics of clinker bricks are determined by its physical and chemical properties and internal structure. The product has high density and extremely low porosity, which provides it with low water absorption and excellent frost resistance.

Basic specifications clinker bricks are presented in the table:

Density of clinker brick

The high technical parameters of this building material are ensured by its composition and structure. The density of clinker bricks ranges from 1900 to 2100 kg/m 3, and such indicators are achieved by sintering mineral raw materials during the firing process. This allows the porosity of the products to be minimized, which in turn prevents moisture from penetrating inside.

The high density of clinker bricks is the result of pre-compression of raw materials at the stage of its formation. In some cases, presses develop a force of up to 5,000 kg/cm2, which increases the block parameter such as compression resistance. This building material, used for the construction of foundations and plinths of buildings, experiences great pressure from walls and other structures without destruction.

Hollowness

In order to reduce the overall load on the foundations, unloaded elements of buildings are lightened as much as possible. In most cases, facing or facade clinker bricks are made hollow. For this purpose, through holes or recesses are made in the body of the product different shapes: They can be rectangular, cylindrical or cone-shaped. Voids in clinker bricks are formed at the pressing stage using special molds.

The hollowness of a product is characterized by a special parameter - a coefficient and is defined as the ratio of the total volume to the real one. For certain types of facade clinker bricks, this figure can reach 35–40%. Apart from purely decorative functions Such cladding is also a good heat-insulating layer, ensuring a reduction in energy losses through the walls.

Thermal conductivity

The performance characteristics of building materials are closely interrelated. The thermal conductivity coefficient of clinker bricks has the highest value among analogues. This indicator ranges from 0.8 to 1.16 W/m°C; for comparison, a solid block is 0.5 – 0.7 W/m°C, and a porous block is 0.22 W/m°C, warm ceramics and at all - 0.11 W/m°C.

The high thermal conductivity of clinker bricks is determined primarily by its density. It was possible to reduce this value somewhat only for hollow samples used for cladding buildings. Supporting structures: foundations and plinths built from this type of brick require additional insulation. This will help to significantly reduce losses through enclosing structures.

Moisture absorption

This parameter characterizes the ability of clinker bricks to absorb a certain amount of water. The dense internal structure of the material makes moisture absorption processes difficult. Low porosity of the product is achieved through pressing and firing at high temperatures, which leads to sintering of individual particles. The result is a mass with a small number of voids.

Clinker bricks, which have low moisture absorption characteristics, can be used for the construction of critical structures. Including those used in aggressive environments with high humidity. Products with glazed surfaces do not absorb water at all, which ensures their durability. This building material is not prone to efflorescence.

Frost resistance

Clinker bricks are able to effectively withstand fluctuations in air temperature up to extreme values. The material has excellent frost resistance; according to the standard, the product can withstand at least 75 cooling and heating cycles. This indicator is determined by high density and low moisture absorption coefficient.

This property of clinker brick is widely used in construction; the material is used in the construction of buildings in latitudes with cold climates. Bricks used for paving paths and sidewalks have maximum frost resistance. The material is in constant contact with moisture-saturated soil, which has a certain effect on it. However, experts note the durability of these landscape elements.

Fire resistance

The technology for the production of clinker bricks involves firing it at high temperatures. The structure of the material contains a significant proportion of refractory components, which provide excellent fire resistance. Tests show that the product can withstand temperatures of at least 1800 °C. Structures made from this material remain stable when exposed to fire without deformation or destruction.

Soundproofing properties

The high density of clinker bricks determines the low ability to attenuate acoustic vibrations in it. Accordingly, the soundproofing properties of this material are quite mediocre. In fact, the name of the product translated from German means “ringing”; these are the sounds that occur when striking it. Enclosing structures made of this material require additional sound insulation.

Vapor permeability

The internal structure of clinker bricks is characterized by extremely low porosity. This circumstance explains the low vapor permeability of the products. This indicator has a numerical expression in the form of a corresponding coefficient, which for these products ranges from 0.03 to 0.07 mg/(m h Pa). The low vapor permeability of façade brick finishing ensures the safety of enclosing structures from moisture. In interior spaces buildings made of this material require an effective ventilation system.

Environmental friendliness

Clinker bricks are made from natural minerals, and its production technology ensures the creation of a stable and dense structure. The products are highly environmentally friendly; during operation they do not emit volatile chemical compounds harmful to humans. Raw materials and finished products undergo mandatory testing for radioactivity. Manufacturers strictly adhere to the requirements of the current standard in this matter.

Dimensions and geometric accuracy

Clinker bricks are produced in accordance with standards that determine all of its main characteristics. Products are produced in three main standard sizes, which are designated by specialist builders as follows:

single - size 250×120×65 mm designation 1 NF;
one-and-a-half - dimensions 250×120×88 mm, marking 1.4 NF;
double - dimensions 250x120x140 mm designation 2.1 NF.

There are other types of products: clinker bricks, the dimensions of which are 250x85x65 mm, are called “Euro” and are labeled as 0.7 NF. In addition to those mentioned above, they also have a modular single block with a size of 288x138x65 mm, designated as 1.3 NF. Partial products are also produced, which are named by fractional parts: “three quarters”, “half” and “quarter”.

The accuracy of manufacturing clinker bricks is strictly regulated by the requirements of the standard. Permissible deviations in length should not exceed 4 mm, in width - 3 mm, in thickness - 2 mm. Products must have the shape of a regular parallelepiped with a maximum divergence of parallel edges of no more than 3 mm along maximum size. The largest deviation from the plane on any side is 3 mm.

15502 0

A fairly new building material, widely used, has increased strength indicators. Clinker bricks were “accidentally” produced at brick factories before. If the firing technology in the furnace was violated, the temperature increased and the sand turned into glass. The brick lost its shape, became heavy and waterproof. The defect was used during the repair of dirt roads. Modern technology has made it possible to accurately maintain the annealing temperature; the material does not lose its shape, but acquires new properties. The annealing temperature reaches +1300°C. The temperature in the furnace during annealing of classic brick is within +800°C.

The color of clinker bricks depends on natural impurities in clay and sand or is created by adding mineral dyes during the molding of wet blanks. Due to the heterogeneity of the composition of the source material, even on one pallet the shade of bricks is slightly different. When facing buildings with clinker bricks, it is necessary to mix bricks from at least three pallets. If this is not done, then large areas with various stains may appear on the plane of the wall.

Knowledge of not only the positive, but also the negative properties of clinker bricks will make it possible to take optimal solution on its use. Technical specifications, requirements for physical characteristics, resistance to aggressive chemical compounds and linear dimensions are prescribed in the provisions of GOST 530–2012.

GOST 530-2012. CERAMIC BRICK AND STONE. File for download

To make clinker, “lean clay” is used, the main difference of which is the increased percentage of quartz sand. To improve properties, basaltic volcanic rocks can be added. Volcanic basalt is a natural glass. As we have already mentioned, color is determined by natural ingredients or mineral additives. The second production technology significantly increases the cost of products, but makes them attractive and makes it possible to create a wide range of uniform color solutions.

Table of physical characteristics of several types of clinker materials

Indicator name
Thermal conductivity, W/m2×°С	1,17	1,16	1,15
Density kg/m3	2000	1900	2000
Number of complete freezing/thaw cycles	200	100	300
Maximum percentage of moisture absorption %	6	4	≤ 6
Vapor permeability, mg/(m×h×Pa)	0,07	0,05	0,03
Resistance to acids, %	95	95	95

Prices for different types of clinker bricks

Clinker brick

Positive qualities of clinker bricks

High resistance to compression and bending. In terms of this indicator, the material is at least twice as good as ordinary brick. Builders use clinker to construct load-bearing architectural elements.
Low moisture absorption. Due to this characteristic, clinker brick can be used as a material for laying plinths, for external structures without the need for protection from precipitation. Ordinary brick can absorb up to 25% moisture by dry weight. A large amount of moisture destroys the structure of the brick during freezing.
High resistance to mechanical damage. The surface of the brick does not lose its original properties throughout the entire period of operation. The cladding does not require any maintenance, it is not washed or painted, and the surfaces are not plastered.
Low porosity. In addition to water resistance, low porosity prevents the appearance of moss on the front surface. The front surface has almost no microscopic pores, dust does not accumulate in them and mosses do not grow. Plant roots quickly destroy red brick; special measures must be taken to protect it. Clinker facades much easier and cheaper to maintain in its original form.

Unfortunately, the material also has significant disadvantages.

Objective data of physical and operational indicators clinker brick, a description of not only its advantages, but also its disadvantages will serve as initial data when choosing a material for cladding buildings for various purposes. In addition, developers will have the opportunity to compare the price with the benefits received.

Standard sizes of single brick (1 NF) are 250×120×65 mm, one-and-a-half (2NF) 250×120×88 mm, double (2.1 NF) 250×120×140 mm. But there are manufacturers who set their own technical specifications (TS) for their products; therefore, not all building materials have standard sizes.

The European standard (0.7 NF) has dimensions of 250x85x65 mm. Non-full-size types “quarter”, “half”, “three-quarters” are produced. Clinker modular block(1.3 NF) has dimensions of 288x138x65 mm. During calculations required quantity materials, keep this information in mind. Dimensional deviations cannot exceed ±4 mm in length, ±3 mm in width and ±2 mm in thickness. Non-parallelism of planes and edges cannot exceed ±3 mm. The newer the equipment and the more responsible the manufacturer’s employees, the more accurate the output dimensions. Do not try to purchase products from the cheap segment; in the end, the savings will turn into losses.

Technology of cladding buildings with clinker bricks

We have already mentioned that for clinker bricks, the requirements for cement-sand mortar differ from the standard ones; only an experienced mason can prepare the mass. Only he knows how much to reduce the amount of water, taking into account the weather and the location of the masonry. Otherwise, the thickness of the seams and the degree of adhesion will be compromised, and this has an extremely negative effect on the appearance and stability of the lined wall.

Buildings can be clad both during the construction of walls and after its completion. In addition, during cladding, additional insulation of the facade is possible.

We will provide step-by-step instructions for all types of work and consider each technology separately. Let's talk about possible errors inexperienced masons.

Cladding of buildings without insulation

The method is most often used during the repair of old structures that have satisfactory heat saving indicators. General Tips for all types of cladding - the solution should have a viscosity slightly higher than for masonry with ordinary red bricks, add more cement to it, use only river sand without clay.

For facing work, you will need a mason's spirit level, a mason's hammer-pick, a tape measure, metal square rods with a side of 6–10 mm, a trowel, and special tools for internal and or external jointing.

You can purchase plastic or metal devices at a hardware store to level the thickness of the seams. We will tell you below how to work with them, what their advantages and disadvantages are.

Prices for building levels

Construction levels

And one last thing. The requirements for the quality of masonry during cladding are much higher than when laying walls. Accordingly, these works can only be performed by those craftsmen who have considerable practical experience as a mason.

Step 1. Checking the condition of the foundation and load-bearing walls. A very important point, treat this procedure with great responsibility; it is very difficult, and in some cases impossible, to correct errors discovered during cladding; you will have to disassemble the finished cladding. How to check and what to pay attention to?

Step 2. Lay out the first row of facing bricks without mortar. Start from one of the corners and work your way to the opposite one. If the last brick in the corner protrudes too much or, conversely, its length is not enough to cover it, then try moving the entire row to the left or right. If you can’t find the optimal position, you’ll have to cut the brick. Measure the length with a tape measure, make the cut as even as possible. You need to have as many of these cut bricks as there are rows of cladding. You can prepare several pieces at once, or you can measure and cut each one separately as needed. We will tell you how to cover door and window openings below. Laying the first row is a very important point, you need to dwell on it separately.

Practical advice. In order to make the problem area less noticeable, when laying, use not one very short brick, but several with a difference in length of no more than a centimeter.

You will have to cut several bricks, which complicates the cladding process a little. But the problem is solved at a professional level and becomes invisible. And one more note. You will find out the specific width of the seam only after the tape has been completely laid out around the perimeter. Start fitting with eight millimeters, and later, after laying out and shifting the bricks, you will find out the exact width of the seam. Taking this data into account, select the sizes of metal rods for cladding.

Step 3. Prepare a cement-sand mortar. We have already mentioned that clinker does not absorb water, so make the solution somewhat thicker. If the cladding is laid from bricks of non-standard width, then every 4-5 rows you need to stop working for a day or two to allow the mortar to harden. This doesn't mean that construction works stop altogether, just move on to finishing the next wall and so on around the perimeter of the house.

Important. Be sure to sift the sand for the solution or buy clean sand from warehouses. Small pebbles will create problems during laying; you will have to remove the laid brick and remove the pebble. Otherwise, the seam will be uneven, and this should absolutely not be allowed.

Prepare all the tools, they should be at hand. Do not make a lot of mortar; cladding is done much slower than laying walls. During this time, the solution will be able to harden or separate into fractions. Both the first and second require additional effort to restore its properties. You need to start facing from the corners of the building.

Laying corners

A very important and responsible moment. The entire cladding will then be leveled at the corners; any mistake can be critical.

Step 1. Place a layer of mortar about 1 cm thick on the foundation tape; if the unevenness of the tape is alarming, then the thickness of the mortar can be increased to two centimeters. In the future, due to this, it is possible to maintain the horizontal position of the first lower row of cladding without any problems.

Step 2. The height of the corner should be approximately 4-5 bricks. To do this, the first row must be 4 bricks long, all subsequent rows must be half a brick shorter. Place the first row of the corner, constantly monitor its position horizontally and vertically with a level. To level the position, lightly tap the surface of the bricks with a hammer or trowel handle. The thickness of the seam at the junction of the ends of the brick can be controlled with homemade or purchased devices. We will tell you what they are and how to work with them throughout the article.

Step 3. Carefully continue to pull the corner up, check its position again along all planes. Monitor the thickness of the seams using special devices.

Using the same algorithm, lay the second corner of the wall. If the cladding technology requires it, then all corners of the building can be done at once. How many there will be depends on architectural features buildings. Next, you can begin cladding the wall surfaces.

Practical advice. If you do not have enough experience, be sure to use various devices to control the thickness of the seam. You can make the devices yourself or buy them at a factory-made store.

Homemade seam thickness control devices

To create a seam of the same thickness, squares, hexagons or wire rod of appropriate sizes are used. For a horizontal seam, rods approximately 50 cm long are needed, a vertical seam is controlled by rods approximately 15 cm long. The main condition for all rods is that they must be as even as possible. The thickness is selected taking into account the required dimensions of the seam; during cladding it is recommended to be approximately eight millimeters. Before starting cladding, stretch the rope between the corners along the level of the front surface, making sure that it does not sag. It controls the position of the bricks. For each new row you need to raise the rope at the corners. When the height of the cladding is equal to the height of the corners, start laying new corners of the same height. We will tell you later when and how to unstitch the seams. How to use the devices?

Step 1. Start laying a horizontal seam, prepare a container with mass, a trowel and a rod.

Step 2. Place a long rod on a row of bricks; it should lie on about three bricks at a time. The outer edge of the rod should be in line with the edge of the bricks.

Step 3. Using a trowel, place the mass on bricks slightly thicker than the thickness of the rod.

Step 4. Level the layer of mass. At the same time, hold the trowel at a slight angle. One side should slide along the rod, and the other should level the mass. The thickness of the mass on the opposite side may be slightly greater than the height of the rod, but in no case less. The fact is that you can level the horizontal position by lightly tapping a hammer on the rising part of the brick. If it lies below the horizontal level, you will have to remove it and re-apply the solution.

Step 5. Lean the short rod against the end of the brick, align its position with the angle.

Step 6. Apply cement-sand mortar and level it. Also level with a margin of thickness on the opposite side of the brick.

Step 7 Place the brick in place and adjust its position. Use a skein or trowel for this.

Step 8 When the length of the horizontal rod is not enough, remove it and put it in a new place. If the rod is smooth and even, then you can not completely remove it, but stretch it along the seam. With minimal skill, this technology significantly speeds up the laying - you won’t have to sand the seams or this work will be much easier.

Practical advice. Start cladding the house from the wall opposite the facade. If there are minor mistakes, no one will pay attention to them. And further. While working, you will be able to gain practical experience in masonry, and this is very important. You can be sure that you will lay each row much faster, it will turn out smoother and more beautiful.

Factory fixtures

We recommend using a plastic mason's set. It consists of two accessories: for horizontal seams and for vertical seams. The set allows you to make mortar of uniform thickness on bricks, increases the speed of cladding and has a positive effect on quality. Additionally, the position of the bricks in each row is controlled; they are automatically aligned along one line. Disadvantages - it is impossible to adjust the thickness of the seam depending on the layout of the first row. Another drawback is that the short length of the device for horizontal seams makes the work somewhat more complicated.

Important. Purchase devices for the size of clinker bricks.

How to use plastic devices?

Step 1. Place the device on the bricks, apply the mortar and level its surface with a trowel, remove excess.

Step 2. Move the plastic frame to the free space and repeat the operation. Continue placing the mixture onto three to four bricks. As the template moves, the back side will evenly remove excess mortar and level the surface.

Step 3. Place the first brick in place and lightly tap it on the surface and press it down a little until the mass begins to squeeze out. If you have experience, then there is no need to check the position with a level. Do such checks after several rows; if problems are discovered, correct them in several steps.

Step 4. Place the smaller tool against the end of the laid brick, throw on the mass and level it. Place the next brick, move it a little towards the one already lying before you start squeezing out the mass.

Experienced craftsmen do not use such devices, but this measure will help beginners get their hands on it. We have already mentioned that the specific width of the solution can only be determined after laying out the first row. Depending on how it lies, the thickness of the seam changes, and the device has fixed parameters, this is a drawback.

How to make jumpers

For jumpers, you can use metal corners or rods. If the corner has dimensions of 100x100 mm, then you can put one, if the shelves are smaller, then take two, one on each side of the brick. The number of rods depends on the diameter, but in any case there cannot be less than two. The diameter of the rods cannot exceed the thickness of the seam.

The metal should be cleaned of rust and covered with a high-quality primer; after finishing the cladding, the surface will be painted in the desired color. The length of the lintel stop on each side of the opening is at least 15 cm. You should not use lintels that are too thick for two reasons. Firstly, the elements should support the weight only until the solution hardens, after which the load on them is minimal. Secondly, too thick lintels are then difficult to make invisible, and this spoils the appearance of the building.

Joining seams

An important point: the complexity depends on the correctness of the chosen time. You can find advice to do the seams 3-4 days after finishing the work. Do not take such recommendations into account; they are given by those who have never done anything with their own hands. After 3–4 days cement mortar completely hardens, you will have to scratch the surface with great effort to level the seam. When exactly to start jointing depends on the speed of the masonry. The more practical experience, the more bricks you will have time to lay. Focuses on the state of the solution. As soon as it begins to resemble soft plasticine, start aligning the seams.

The jointing can be:

concave or convex. The most complex species, embroidering can only be done with a relatively fresh solution. The convex part of the mortar should lie in the same plane as the bricks;
straight with recess or undercut. The first one is most often used due to its simplicity and versatility. The second one is used only the most experienced craftsmen on brick High Quality. Requires great practical skills, the plane of the jointing must exactly coincide with the plane of the facing bricks;
single-cut or double-cut. It is rarely used, mostly for decorative architectural elements.

Tools for stitching can be purchased in stores or made from any available materials, such as metal, plastic or wood.

Practical advice. The width of any type of joint should be slightly less than the thickness of the seam. The fact is that it will never be possible to achieve ideal thickness parameters over the entire area of the house; there will be areas several millimeters wider or narrower. The device must pass along all lines without jamming.

The most difficult method of jointing is use of special colored decorative mixtures. Let's look at it in detail.

Step 1. Using a jointer and a metal brush, clean the seams from the mortar to a depth of approximately 8–10 millimeters; use a hard-bristled brush to remove dust and remaining mortar.

Step 2. E If the seams are completely dry, it is recommended to moisten them with water. Use spray bottles or watering hoses for this.

Important. If dirty streaks appear on the front surface of the cladding, wash them off immediately or wipe with a clean cloth.

Step 3. Prepare a special solution for jointing; it is sold in construction stores. There is no opportunity to purchase - make it yourself. To do this, mix dry sand with cement in a 3:1 ratio and add mineral dye of the desired color. Mix everything thoroughly. Prepare the dry solution for the whole house at once and with a reserve. Then, as needed, dilute it with water in portions and use it for jointing.

Step 4. Take the desired jointing and gradually fill the gap between the rows of bricks with it. Level and remove excess at the same time. If the solution gets on the front of the brick, remove it with a slightly damp cloth or foam rubber. The mortar is pressed in with sufficient force, otherwise the new jointing will fall off and fall out of the seams.

The work is long and uninteresting, but the result always justifies the effort.

How to do simultaneous insulation

Today, a number of legislative acts have been adopted to ensure that buildings for various purposes comply with energy efficiency standards. Do it without using modern technologies and thermal insulation materials is almost impossible. For example, for the middle zone of the Russian Federation the thickness brick wall must be at least 120 cm, and the thickness of the wooden frame must be within 50 cm. Only such walls meet heat conservation standards.

No one will build houses with such thick walls; the solution is to use effective insulation. The most commonly used are mineral wool (pressed or rolled) and polystyrene foam. It is recommended to do insulation at the same time as wall cladding.

Step 1. Decide on the type and size of insulation. We will look at an example of using pressed mineral wool 6 cm thick and 60 cm high.

Step 2. Using the method described above, bring the height of the cladding to the level of 8 rows, the height will be approximately 60 cm. Specific values depend on the thickness of the seam and the size of the clinker facing brick.

Step 3. Buy thermal insulation material. When purchasing, pay attention to density and the possibility of shrinkage. The fact is that the sheets will lie vertically on top of each other; under the influence of gravity they should not deform or sag.

Step 4. Lower the thermal insulation board into the gap between the load-bearing wall and the cladding; the distance between the cladding and the insulation should be approximately two centimeters. Through them will happen natural ventilation space.

Prices for mineral wool

Mineral wool

Ventilation in the air space between the insulation and the cladding is provided by vents; they can be made with special grilles inserted into the cladding or by not filling some vertical joints with cement-sand mass. The second option looks better in appearance, but is less effective. Which ventilation method to choose depends only on the preferences of the developer and the material used for the load-bearing walls. If you choose a seam arrangement of vents, then they should be every three meters in height and every meter in width in a checkerboard pattern.

Step 5. To ensure a gap between the insulation and the cladding, use flexible connections. They consist of a fiberglass rod and wide spacer washers. Placed on brickwork and press the insulation to the load-bearing wall. Use at least three ties for each mat.

Methods for fixing cladding to load-bearing walls

There are two opinions among professionals about strengthening rows of cladding. Some argue that the masonry in the corners is securely tied and no additional work There is no need to do anything to increase its stability. Others, on the contrary, insist on mandatory fixation. We believe that fixation never hurts and can bring a lot of benefits. In addition, time does not play an important role in the cladding process. Make a commitment and live in peace in your home.

The cladding is attached in several ways.

Using construction fittings. Use reinforcement with a diameter within 5 mm; there is no need for anything thicker, as it is difficult to work with. Use a pobedit-tipped drill to make holes up to 10 cm deep in the wall, drill at an angle to the plane of approximately 45°. This position prevents the reinforcement from being pulled out during loading. Advantages of using construction reinforcement: high reliability, the ability to adjust the length of the rod depending on the features load-bearing wall and cladding. Disadvantages: each rod must be aligned with the plane of the facing bricks; it should not protrude beyond the seams.

Using perforated profiles. Such profiles are sold in stores and are used during installation suspended ceilings or covering walls with plasterboard. Advantages - the plates bend without problems under the right angle, which makes it possible to install clamps on the entire wall even before the start of facing the building with clinker bricks, and then precisely adjust their position. Disadvantages - the cost is slightly higher than that of building reinforcement.

It is recommended to strengthen the wall after 5–7 rows; specific distances should take into account the characteristics of the load-bearing wall and cladding. If there are many window openings, then metal clamps must be installed between each of them. This is especially true when window frames are fixed to the cladding.

The brick doesn't hold up. There are three reasons. The first is that the solution is too liquid. The second is that the solution is too thick. Third - the brick is laid very unevenly the first time; to level the position you have to tap it several times. different sides. During shifts, the mortar peels off from the plane of the brick, dries out a little, and the adhesion sharply weakens. Remove the old grout and apply new grout.

Non-professionals try to adjust the position of bricks with an accuracy of tenths of a millimeter. There is no need to do this, we have already mentioned that frequent movements reduce the adhesion force. For any masonry, deviation from the tensioned rope of ±1 mm is acceptable. It is completely invisible to the eye.

After finishing the laying of the cladding, stains remain on the surface. This is a consequence of untimely cleaning of the cladding from the trapped solution. Clean it with a damp cloth immediately after you find it, do not leave it for later. Do not let the solution harden completely.

Handle the brick with one hand only, and always hold the trowel in the other. Once you put the brick in place, straighten it with the handle of a trowel. The faster you perform this operation, the stronger the masonry.

If the solution settles quickly, add cement and stir. If it hardens quickly, there is not enough sand. Constantly monitor the consistency. Do not leave the solution for your lunch break. Diluting it with water is not a problem, the problem is that the cement will lose its original properties. And this should not be allowed when facing walls with clinker bricks. It already has a lower adhesion coefficient with mortar compared to red brick.

Size of silicate brick: parameters and features of the material Grouting of brickwork joints