Weather is a global matter, so weather forecasters around the world work together: they approve uniform standards and exchange data. Weather forecasts concern large territories and, with all their desire, they cannot take into account the special climatic conditions of our kindergarten. That's why the promised rain so often falls through the cracks!
Therefore, in order to make our own forecasts, with the help of our parents, we created a weather site on our site. And with its creation, it became possible to get away from stereotypes in observation while walking and immerse children in the world of research and discovery. Here the children and I not only observe weather changes, but learn to use measuring instruments: thermometer, snowmeter, rain gauge (rain gauge), weather vane, compass, anemometer, nature calendar.
Instruments at the meteorological site are installed in in a certain order. So that they do not shade each other and do not interfere with the free exchange of air.
Sometimes it is difficult to explain the principle of operation of a particular device, so models that help the child understand how the measuring device works come to the aid of parents and teachers.
We will tell you step by step how to make a thermometer out of cardboard. Such a paper thermometer can be used not only when working at a weather station, but also in classes on familiarization with the outside world, REMP, and when keeping a weather calendar. You can also hang a hand-made cardboard thermometer on the wall in a child’s room. Thanks to the model, it will be easier for the child to understand what zero is, what negative and positive numbers mean, and to establish a connection between the instrument readings and changes in nature or in bodily sensations.
We will need:
- light cardboard or semi-cardboard; thick threads of red and white; needle with a large eye; ruler, automatic pen or bright felt-tip pen; pencil.
Completing of the work:
We cut out a strip of cardboard measuring 12x5 cm. We mark the scale with a pencil from – 35 degrees to +35 degrees Celsius, then trace it with a pen or felt-tip pen. If you have a printer, you can download an image of the scale from the Internet or create it yourself, and then print it on paper and stick the printout onto cardboard for durability. This model will be more aesthetically pleasing.
After explaining to your child how the device that measures air temperature works, you can play with him a game with moving a two-color thread, “What happens?” The red indicator is at the minus mark - the child can list what is happening in nature: “It’s cold outside, it’s snowing, the puddles are covered with ice, people are wearing warm jackets, hats, mittens,” etc. If the indicator is at a positive temperature, the child remembers what happens in nature when it’s warm.
For children's role-playing games "Home" and "Hospital", you can make a medical thermometer from cardboard with your own hands.
How to make a thermometer from cardboard?
On cardboard we draw a shape similar to the shape of a medical thermometer for measuring body temperature. We draw a scale with the corresponding temperature indicators.In the lower degree display, insert a red thread, into the upper degree display, insert a white thread. We also fasten the threads together and cut off the excess.
When the model of the medical thermometer is ready, it would be good to explain to the child what body temperature is in healthy people, what is in sick people, what “increased”, “high” and “low” temperature means. Now you can measure the temperature of all “sick” dolls, and also use a thermometer in games with girlfriends. Who knows, maybe in the future your little one will want to be a medical worker thanks to children's games?!
It is very good to make such models that promote mental development by involving the children themselves in the production. Crafts made with my own hands, especially delight little masters and encourage them to treat the objective world more responsibly and carefully.
Suggested for self-assembly Digital temperature meter allows you to measure temperature in real time in the range from zero to 99 degrees Celsius. The project is developed on the basis of a PIC16F1825 microcontroller, a CAT4016 driver for an LED display, a DS18200 temperature sensor and two 7-segment LED indicators with a common anode. This handy little thermometer consumes fairly little current and can operate with a 4.5 volt battery made up of 3 AA cells. The brightness of the display can be changed by changing the value of resistor R1.
Electronic thermometer - circuit diagram
Characteristics of an electronic thermometer
- Temperature range from 00 to 99 degrees
- Input power 4.5 - 5V DC
- Current consumption 20 mA
Despite the fact that now there is a tendency to use more economical LCDs as displays, in this device It makes sense to install large, bright LED indicators so that the readings can be seen from afar and even in the dark. Connection diagram external elements to the board shown above.
If you plan to use it as an outdoor thermometer, the device itself is mounted in a box with a network adapter inside the apartment, and the DS18200 temperature sensor is connected with a flexible cable. If you can’t look for controllers, you can assemble them using regular microcircuits. Firmware for microcontroller, original article in English and drawing printed circuit board Can
Making a thermometer at home will take some time, but the procedure itself is quite simple and straightforward. Build your own thermometer and test it to make sure it gives correct readings. If the thermometer is working properly, calibrate it before using it to measure temperature.
Steps
Part 1
creation of a thermometer-
Prepare the measuring solution. Fill the measuring container with water and rubbing alcohol in a 1:1 ratio. For color, add 4-8 drops of food coloring to the solution and gently stir the resulting mixture.
- Note that adding food coloring does not change the solution's response to temperature changes. The dye only facilitates the reading of the device, making it easier to observe the column of liquid in the thermometer tube.
- You can omit the alcohol by using just water, but a mixture of equal parts water and rubbing alcohol reacts more quickly to temperature changes than water.
- When determining the required volume of solution, be guided by the volume of the bottle you are using. You will need enough liquid to completely fill the bottle, plus a small amount more.
-
Pour the measuring solution into a clean bottle. Fill the bottle to the brim with the solution. Finally, you can use a pipette, adding the last drops of the colored liquid until it fills the bottle to the very edges.
- You can use either a glass or plastic bottle.
- Try not to let the solution overflow from the bottle.
- You can create a thermometer without filling the bottle with measuring liquid to the very brim. However, in this case, the design of the device must be such that when it expands, the solution enters the measuring tube, and does not fill the space of the bottle that remains free. However, filling the bottle all the way will ensure that the liquid reacts more quickly to temperature changes.
-
Insert a thin glass or plastic tube into the neck of the bottle and secure it. Do this carefully and slowly so that the liquid does not overflow the edges of the bottle. Leave at least 10 cm (4 inches) of tubing on top of the bottle, making sure that the bottom end of the tubing does not reach the bottom of the container. Secure the tube with molding clay, covering the neck of the bottle with it.
- The neck of the bottle should be hermetically sealed with clay. In this case, it is best if there is no air left in the bottle, that is, it will be completely filled with liquid.
- If you don't have molding clay, use melted wax or clay.
- Sealing the bottle tightly plays a big role. The tight cap prevents the solution from leaking out of the bottle when heated, causing all the excess expanded liquid to flow into the tube.
-
Attach a strip of white construction paper to the side of the tube. Place the paper on the back of the tube, securing it with tape.
- The paper strip is optional, but it will make it easier for you to monitor the fluid level in the tube. Additionally, if you then want to calibrate your thermometer to accurately measure temperature, you can mark the paper strip to indicate specific temperatures.
-
Add measuring solution into the tube. Carefully add a few drops of solution to the top of the tube using a pipette. Allow the liquid to rise in the tube to a height of 5 cm (2 inches) above the neck of the bottle.
- Adding a few drops of solution to the tube will make it easier to monitor the level as it changes as the temperature rises or falls.
-
Add one drop to the tube vegetable oil. Do this with great care using a pipette. And remember - just one drop.
- Vegetable oil will not mix with the solution, remaining on its surface in the tube.
- Adding vegetable oil will prevent evaporation of the measuring mixture. As a result, the thermometer will last much longer and provide accurate results once calibrated.
-
Inspect the completed thermometer. After assembling the device, test it several times before using it for measurements to ensure that you have not made any mistakes in its manufacture.
- Feel the bottle. Make sure there is no liquid leaking out of it.
- Inspect the layer of clay on the neck of the bottle and make sure it seals the container tightly.
- Check the tube and the paper attached to it to ensure that they are securely attached and will not move when you use the thermometer.
Part 2
thermometer test-
Place the thermometer in a container of ice water. Fill a small bowl cold water and put some ice in it. Wait for the water to cool, then carefully place the thermometer bottle into this bowl. Make sure the liquid level in the thermometer tube is clearly visible.
- When placed in cold water The liquid level in the thermometer tube should drop.
- Matter consists of atoms and molecules in continuous motion. The energy of this movement is called kinetic energy. As the temperature decreases, the movement of particles of matter slows down and their kinetic energy decreases.
- When using a thermometer, temperature, that is, the kinetic energy of the particles of the medium, is transferred to the particles of the liquid used in the device. In other words, the measuring liquid of the thermometer acquires a temperature environment, and as a result you can determine this temperature.
- When cooled, the particles of the measuring fluid slow down and the distance between them decreases. As a result, the solution contracts and the liquid level in the thermometer tube drops.
-
Place the thermometer in a container of hot water. Dial hot water from the tap or heat it on the stove without bringing it to a boil. Carefully lower the thermometer into the hot water, observing the level of liquid in its tube.
- Please note that you should wait until the liquid in the thermometer bottle warms up to room temperature after you have removed the bottle from the ice water. Do not put it in hot water immediately after taking it out of ice, since such a sharp change in temperature may crack the bottle, especially if it is glass.
- When the measuring liquid is heated, it will rise up in the thermometer tube.
- As already noted, particles of matter accelerate their movement when heated. When the high temperature of the water is transferred to the measuring solution, the particles of the latter accelerate their movement and the average distance between them increases. This causes the liquid to expand and its level to rise in the thermometer tube.
-
Test the thermometer's performance in other environments. Test it in environments with different temperatures. Observe how the level of the measuring liquid in the tube drops as low temperatures and increases at high.
- Note how the liquid level in the thermometer tube changes when placed in a cold or hot environment.
- You can place the thermometer in the refrigerator, on a lighted sunlight window sill, threshold of a house on a warm and cold day, shady place in the garden, cellar, garage, in the attic of the house.
Children between the ages of 5 and 8 can already be taught about different dimensions. It is during this period that the child develops a concept of such a phenomenon as temperature, and he can already be introduced to various devices and measuring instruments, for example, a thermometer, scales, clocks, protractors and rulers. At the same time, the child remembers not only how to measure, but also in what units it should be done. At this age, children can already consciously use certain concepts. In order for the child to better understand how a particular device works, parents can make a toy model from available materials. So, how to make a thermometer from cardboard?
What is it for
A similar paper product can be used in the classroom and at home. A homemade cardboard thermometer will not break, even if a child drops it. In addition, such a model of a measuring device will help teach children to determine temperature and solve various problems. Very often, cardboard thermometers are used to conduct classes on keeping a weather calendar. In addition, the paper measuring device can be hung on the wall in the children's room. This will help your child better understand what zero, negative and positive numbers are. As a result, it will be easier for your child to establish a connection between changes in the weather outside the window and the readings of the measuring device.
What is needed for this
Making a thermometer out of cardboard with your own hands is not that difficult. This does not require great experience. So, to make a paper measuring device you will need:
It’s better to prepare all the components in advance so that you don’t have to look for anything later.
Making a blank
After this, make a marking on a strip of cardboard that will represent a scale: from “minus” 35 to “plus” 35 °C. Be sure to circle all the numbers and lines with a bright felt-tip pen or ballpoint pen. Take cardboard and mark a strip 5 centimeters wide and 12 centimeters long with a simple pencil. Carefully cut it out.
To make a more accurate cardboard thermometer with your own hands, you can use a printer. To do this, simply draw with special programs scale with all marks. Select all numbers bright color so that they are more noticeable. Print the finished scale on a printer. It is worth noting that such a model of a measuring device will look more aesthetically pleasing.
Creating a thermometer column
In order for the thermometer to work and show the temperature, it is necessary to create a column of mercury. To do this, take a red and white thread. Link them together. Then take a sewing needle and thread a red thread through it. Pierce the thermometer scale at the very top. WITH reverse side cardboard, pull out the tip of the thread. After this, thread a white thread into the needle and pierce the scale at the very bottom. On the back of your measuring device, connect the ends of the threads, making a strong knot. As a result, the thread can be moved.
Games with a paper thermometer
You made a paper thermometer with your own hands and now you don’t know what to do with it next. There are many games that allow you to introduce your child to the device. First, explain to your child how a thermometer works. Move the threads so that the red one is above zero. After this, invite your child to speculate about what happens in nature at this temperature. For example, the sun is shining, people are wearing light clothes, it is very hot. When the red thread is below the zero mark, tell your child what is happening to nature. For example, water freezes, everything becomes covered in ice, snow falls, and so on.
How to make a medical thermometer from cardboard
All children love to play role-playing games. For the “hospital” you can also make a thermometer from cardboard with your own hands. To do this you will need: paper, pencil, pen or felt-tip pen, thread and needle.
To begin, take a sheet of cardboard and draw the outlines of the future thermometer on it. Carefully cut out the blank and draw a scale on it. It should be the same as on a real thermometer. 
Take two threads. One should be red and the other white. Connect them. Thread a red thread into the lowest mark of the scale, and a white thread into the upper one. Connect the ends to the back of the thermometer and trim off any excess.
The operating principle of this model is quite simple. The thread can be moved. Red color shows body temperature. By moving the thread you can change the indicator.
How to play with a cardboard medical thermometer
After you finish making a thermometer from cardboard, first of all explain to your child what it is for and how to use the measuring device correctly. Also tell him about what the body temperature is in a healthy and sick person. Teach your child how to place a thermometer correctly. Explain to him what increased and decreased body temperature means. Perhaps in the future your child will want to become a doctor thanks to this game. Teach your child how to properly use the measuring device. At the same time, you can tell us why a real thermometer is dangerous.
Most the best option training is the joint production of a thermometer. In the process, you can tell your child what it is, what it is for, how to use it correctly, and also in what units temperature is measured.
Finally
As you can see, anyone can make a thermometer from cardboard with their own hands. The whole process takes a little time. The result is perfect fit For clear example and teaching children. In addition, manufacturing a thermometer requires minimal costs. So, now you know how to make a thermometer from cardboard. But this is not enough. You also need to know how to use it correctly. It is worth noting that such paper models measuring instruments contribute to the mental development of children. Be sure to involve your child in making a cardboard thermometer. After all, children like handmade crafts more. In addition, it encourages them to treat things more carefully.
