Thermal plaster. New product – warm plaster. Is it really that warm? Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation compounds

Warm plaster appeared on the sales market not so long ago. But for some jobs it will simply not be replaceable.

Today we will look at warm plasters, you will learn their use and instructions on the rules of application will be given. Also in the video in this article you can see the range of products offered and you will be able to make the right choice.

Types of warm plaster are divided according to the options for using the components.

By looking we can see the following:

The basis of one of the types of warm plaster is expanded vermiculite, which is a mineral additive obtained as a result of special heat treatment of rock of volcanic origin. Vermiculite fillers have antiseptic properties and can be used both outdoors and indoors.
The basis of the following type of heat-insulating plaster is paper, sawdust, clay and cement. This composition does not allow its use outside buildings, but is excellent for indoor use.

Attention: This type of plaster can be used to cover any type of surface, including wood. Much attention must be paid to drying the surface. During the 2 weeks when it dries, it is necessary to ensure active ventilation of the room, otherwise mold or, even worse, fungus may appear on its surface.

The next type of warm plaster is made on the basis of foamed polystyrene foam granules. In addition to it, the composition of the plaster includes cement, lime and a number of other additives and fillers.

A mixture based on polystyrene foam granules is very popular, so this article will describe its main technical characteristics in more detail.

This type of plaster is used:

For thermal insulation and decorative finishing of facades.
For plastering windows and door slopes.
Additional insulation of walls when using well masonry.
How additional element insulation and sound insulation.
For finishing interior spaces, with additional sound and heat insulation effect.
For insulation of engineering structures intended for supply cold water and sewerage systems.
For carrying out work on insulation of floors and ceilings of buildings and structures.

To understand how effective warm plaster is, it is necessary to compare it with other insulating compounds and materials.

Thermal insulating plaster mixture

Such a good thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster was achieved due to its rare composition. Warm plasters use materials with low thermal conductivity instead of sand.

The composition of warm plaster consists of:

Polystyrene foam granules.
Expanded vermiculite.
Sawdust.
Perlite (perlite sand).
Expanded clay chips.
Pumice crumbs or powder.

Warm plaster, which is based on polystyrene foam granules, is very popular. This is due to the fact that it is cheaper, but has good performance parameters, and can be used both inside and outside buildings.

In addition to polystyrene foam granules, it contains:

Plasticizers.
Lime.
Supplements
Cement.

Warm plaster, based on polystyrene foam granules, has the following technical characteristics:

Specific gravity: 200-300kg per cubic meter.
Heat transfer coefficient – 0.065 W/mS.
Water absorption coefficient – 70%.
Fire safety group - G1.

Attention: On sale you can also find warm plasters based on sawdust, paper, clay and cement. This type of plaster is called internal, since its use outside is not possible due to its high hygroscopicity.

In addition, such plaster requires a long time to dry, as well as good ventilation during this period, otherwise fungus may develop in it. In addition to these types, plasters based on vermiculite, processed using a special technology, are available for sale.

Advantages and disadvantages

Widespread heat-soundproofing plaster, which is based on sawdust or polystyrene foam granules, has a number of advantages:

Simplicity and speed of application of the product to building surfaces.
Full compatibility with all types of surfaces, including wood.
The surface does not form cold bridges.
The surface of warm plaster is not damaged by rodents.
Ecologically safe product. Teplover plaster video will tell you about this.
It is based on components of natural origin.
Retains its basic characteristics under any operating conditions.
It is not a spreader of fungal diseases and mold.
Does not contain harmful substances.
Its price is higher than cement compositions and it is quite difficult to prepare it yourself, but its quality is beyond doubt.

Despite the large list of advantages, such plasters have their disadvantages:

This type of plaster involves applying a layer of finishing putty or plaster on top of the plaster layer.
The need to cover a much larger layer than when using traditional insulation systems.
Quite a high cost, especially for those types of plasters that do not require a finishing layer.
Impossibility of applying a layer thicker than 2.5 cm in one go.
It has shown its effectiveness in plastering window and door slopes, and in filling small defects such as sinkholes, cracks or delaminations. ordinary plaster, and also as insulation internal surfaces residential premises, where the thickness of the insulating layer plays an important role.

This is a modern building material that can become an alternative to traditional types of coatings. Based on its main characteristics, warm plaster is superior in many respects to many well-known and popular examples.

Method of applying warm plaster

Since the application instructions are almost standard, you can apply this type of plaster yourself without involving specialists.

The plastering technology consists of the following stages:

Everyone is getting ready necessary materials and tools, such as spatulas of various sizes, a trowel, usually a construction mixer and level, utensils for mixing plaster, metal beacons.
The surface is prepared for plastering: dirt and dust are removed and, if necessary, trimmed.
The walls are primed if specified in the instructions for use of this type of plaster.
The plaster mixture is mixed. To do this, pour the entire contents of the bag into a container, add water and stir with a construction mixer. After this, the mixture should infuse for 5 minutes.
Metal beacons are installed on the surface. They must be installed strictly vertically and in the same plane.
The prepared warm plaster is applied to the wall using a trowel, and it is leveled using the rule, which should rest against the beacons. Excess solution is removed and reused. The plaster layer must have a thickness of no more than 2.5 cm. If more plaster is required, this should be done no less than after 4 hours.

Attention: When applying a layer thicker than 2.5 cm, the freshly applied plaster may slip or completely fall off the surface.

If, after the beacons have been placed, it turns out that the layer of plaster can be more than 2.5 cm in places, then first apply a layer without leveling. This layer may be thinner than 2.5 cm and this is absolutely normal.
Thermal insulating plaster based on expanded polystyrene foam granules is not intended for decorative processing walls, since it has low mechanical strength. Therefore, on top of this type of plaster it is imperative to apply a protective layer that has good performance mechanical strength. This property of this plaster must be taken into account when using this type of plaster.
Considering the fact that it costs quite a bit, calculations should be carried out very accurately, especially for cold regions, where preference should be given to more serious insulation technologies, when a layer of warm plaster of 50 mm can hardly be dispensed with.

Attention: Another thing is a combined approach, when serious thermal insulation measures are carried out outside the building, then warm plaster can also be used from inside the building.

Do-it-yourself warm plaster is generally not applied. But look at the photo and you will see that it is completely indispensable for insulating windows and doors. Although the decision is up to you.

To give the building additional thermal insulation, warm plaster is used - a material based on cement and composite materials: expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, pumice powder, expanded polystyrene, etc. Depending on the type of such fillers, it can be used for both exterior and interior decoration.

Purpose

Although the thermal insulation properties of this material are higher than those of ordinary plaster, it cannot replace the full insulation of a house with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene, but it will be a good addition.

facade insulation;
heat and soundproofing material for finishing interior and exterior walls;
insulation of balconies, verandas, door and window slopes, stairwells, etc.;
sealing floor joints, cracks and cracks;
heat insulator for well masonry;
material for finishing works indoors;
insulation of water supply pipes;
thermal insulation of floors and ceilings.

How much more effectively does such a coating retain heat? Let's compare the main indicators - thermal conductivity coefficients: for simple cement-sand plaster it is 0.93 W/m °C. And for cement-expanded polystyrene (Knauf Grünband) it is already 0.35 W/m °C, which is almost three times lower! U gypsum plaster with filler, the thermal conductivity will be even lower, about 0.25 W/m °C.

Types of thermal insulation solutions

The main difference between warm plaster and regular plaster is the replacement of sand in the mixture with more voluminous heat-insulating components. Such mixtures may differ not only in composition, but also in application methods and technical and operational characteristics. We list the main types of such fillers:

The thermal insulation properties of this material will largely depend on the correctness of the work and compliance with the proportions when mixing. If all conditions are met, you can get not only insulated walls, but also additional sound insulation. In general, plastering with these mixtures does not differ from usual, so no special skills are required from the master.

Warm plaster for interior work- an innovative product in the field of thermal insulation of premises.

This type of material is used for finishing facades and rooms. Some manufacturers also offer universal mixtures.

The composition of the solutions differs and depends on the scope of application and the required properties.

What is warm plaster? Its composition

This type of finishing material has recently appeared on the markets. Warm plaster combines thermal insulation and leveling properties.

The new building material is made on the basis of cement or gypsum with the addition of additional elements:

foam glass or foamed silicon;
pumice powder;
sawdust;
perlite;
foamed vermiculite;
granulated polystyrene foam.

Gypsum warm plaster is suitable for leveling walls and ceilings in interior spaces. Cement compositions are used for both interior and exterior work.

The characteristics and properties of the additives are described in the table below.

Material	Properties
Sawdust	Ecologically pure material. One of the most affordable in the price segment. You can mix warm plaster yourself with sawdust. Low level thermal insulation.
Foam glass	Made from quartz sand. Suitable for use in rooms with high humidity. Low thermal insulation.
Vermiculite	The basis for the production of the material is mica. Fireproof, not afraid of fungi and resistant to mechanical damage. The only drawback- absorbs moisture well.
Expanded polystyrene	Low cost. Disadvantage: it is flammable and releases toxins when burned. High level thermal insulation.
Perlite	Environmentally friendly volcanic glass material. Perlite mixtures are easy to process and install. It is fire resistant and prevents the spread of germs and bacteria. High level of thermal insulation.

The market today offers thermal insulation types of mixtures from different manufacturers. Among domestic solutions, they prefer Mishka, Umka UB-21, and Teplon solutions. Imported compounds are much more expensive, but they also differ in quality. Craftsmen pay attention to warm plaster for interior work Knauf Grundband. It is more often used to level the facade, but the cement base allows you to plaster the interior as well.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal insulation compounds

Mixtures of this type have gained the favor of masters due to a number of undeniable advantages:

high level of adhesion to any materials, including wood and drywall;
good sound insulation;
the material can be used as insulation to prevent the appearance of cold bridges, and also as an independent thermal insulation composition;
the mixtures are environmentally friendly, with the exception of those containing polystyrene foam;
the weight of the composition is much less than conventional plasters;
mixtures with the addition of perlite, vermiculite and foam glass have a high fire resistance class, and warm plasters with polystyrene foam are prone to internal combustion when exposed to high external temperatures;
easy to apply because the main binders are gypsum or cement;
the layer of warm plaster has high strength;
the mixtures are resistant to frost, temperature changes, mold, fungi and rodents.

Despite the impressive list of advantages, such compositions also have a number of negative characteristics:

the need to reinforce the surface when applying a layer thicker than 2.5-3 cm;
high weight if plaster is used as insulation;
low moisture resistance, which requires surface treatment decorative materials with additional moisture protection;
Heat-insulating plasters, of course, help retain heat, but they should not be treated like other insulation materials.

Review of mixture manufacturers

Paladium Palaplaster-207 - sound and heat insulating plaster. Most often, this type of mixture is used as a rough ball for painting or wallpapering. The main binding element is cement, and the additive is foam glass. The solution is ready for decorative finishing 3-4 days after application to the surface.

ThermoUm is a universal warm plaster for finishing work indoors and outdoors. The mixture will completely harden within 28 days, after which it will be suitable for finishing. Long service life is achieved by the ability of the material to repel moisture accumulated between the wall and the mortar ball.

UMKA UB-21 is suitable for outdoor use as it can withstand more than 30 freezing cycles. The thermal insulation mixture is made on the basis of lime and cement interspersed with foam glass granules. When installing reinforcing mesh, the thickness of this type of coating can reach 10 cm. After complete drying, the plaster needs finishing.

DeLux Teplolux - warm plaster with the addition of granulated foam glass. The composition is based on cement, which makes the mixture universal. After drying, the surface can be painted or decorated with any finishing materials. The period for complete hardening of the coating is 28 days.

Knauf Grönband is one of the most popular thermal insulation solutions among craftsmen. Warm plaster for interior work Knauf - is produced on the basis of cement, therefore it is also suitable for facade work. The filler in this mixture is polystyrene foam. After drying, the layer becomes textured and moisture resistant. Plaster can be painted. The solution is applied with a special machine or manually. The price of warm plaster for interior work of the Knauf brand is quite high, but justified by the properties and characteristics of the material.

Making warm plaster yourself

Since the cost of professional thermal insulation mixtures is quite high, many craftsmen prefer to mix warm plaster for interior work with their own hands.

Step-by-step guide to preparing the mixture yourself:

In a bucket or construction trough you need to mix sand (1 part), cement (3 parts), porous additives (4 parts), discussed above, and a plasticizer. As the latter, it is allowed to use PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g per 10 liters of mixture.
The entire solution must be thoroughly mixed with water using a mixer.
The consistency of the mixture should be like thick sour cream or semolina. If the plaster is thicker than necessary, add water; if it is thinner, add a cement-sand mixture and porous additives.
After the last mixing, the solution must be allowed to brew for 15-20 minutes.

Warm plaster application technology

Important! First of all, you need to take care of temperature conditions in the room where heat-insulating plaster will be applied. Operating temperature from +5 to +25 ℃.

Next, you need to remove the old plaster mortar, finishing and dust. Before applying the heat-insulating mixture, the wall must be primed. This will improve the adhesion of the material to the base.

After the primer has dried, warm plaster is mixed. It is important to use it within 2 hours after mixing, because after that it loses its properties.

To achieve an even application, you should use special beacons and pull the plaster along them.

Using a spatula, trowel and rule, the first layer of plaster is applied. Its thickness should not be more than 20 mm. The next ball can be applied after 4 hours.

The next day, the evenness must be checked using the rule. If there are gaps, they need to be leveled. Next, the surface is sanded using sandpaper and sandpapers with different fractions.

After 3-4 weeks, if there are no defects, decorative finishing can be applied to the wall.

When leveling large area For walls, it is better to use the machine method of applying warm plaster.

When putting on a fur coat in winter, we don’t forget about a sweater or vest. Something similar happens to our houses when, instead of the usual finishing, thermal insulating plaster is used, which makes the house cooler in hot weather and warmer in cold weather.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New Construction Materials, performing a specific task, are also being developed in the field of building decoration. The main purpose of using heat-insulating plaster is to ensure thermal conductivity of no more than 0.175 W/m-K at bulk density up to 500 kg/m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be an analogue of classic facade insulation, that is, it should be sufficiently strong, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing fillers that conduct heat well with components that have low thermal conductivity. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions replaced:

expanded vermiculite;
foam glass;
sawdust;
straw cutting;
perlite, etc.

The result was different kinds warm plasters that meet the specified requirements, which differ according to the area of use:

warm plaster for interior work;
heat-insulating facade (for external use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, as a result, heat and sound insulating plaster appeared. This type of finish serves as both an acoustic and thermal barrier.

Thermal insulating compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.

Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent drying cracks. Manufacturers use proprietary plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making a composition with your own hands, detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in construction stores, microfiber.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

In order to reduce heat loss, they are used in construction various materials: mineral wool, polystyrene foam, etc. They are laid on the walls outside.

Compared with such home protection, warm compounds have the following advantages:

simple application that a beginner can handle;
the material is highly plastic, it can be sealed hard to reach places structures;
no surface leveling required;
no special fastening is needed; surface wetting is practiced to improve adhesion;
the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at corners and to repair cracks;
a high adhesion rate allows the composition to be applied even to a metal base;
the material is microporous, which makes it breathable and helps dry the walls;
fire safety of most compositions;
an additional benefit is good sound insulation of the insulated room;
resistance to biological damage;
the coating is frost-resistant, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
environmental friendliness;
use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reducing the polluting load on nature);
does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV rays;
thin layer application gives additional insulation when using mineral wool and other insulation materials.

Warm compositions have their disadvantages:

the compositions are more expensive than insulation materials (taking into account the reduction in the cost of work and the reduction in costs for related materials, such as mesh, the cost is comparable);
the increased dead weight of the coating with the additional load from absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
necessary protective covering, since porosity promotes rapid absorption of moisture (compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene do not have this disadvantage);
compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (only indoors);
The insulation layer is thick, so it takes a long time to dry;
some fillers are flammable (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To make such a calculation, use SNiP 02/23/2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster is the ability of a material to conduct heat. If the room temperature is higher than the street temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat “leaves” outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, thermal conductivity of the wall material, the difference between street and home temperatures, and other parameters. To quantitatively express the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster (how much it can conduct thermal radiation through an area of 1 m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W/(m*°C)) is as follows:

cement with sand – 0.93;
cement-lime with sand – 0.87;
lime with sand – 0.81;
clay with sand – 0.69;
gypsum – 0.35;
clay with sawdust – 0.29;
gypsum with perlite – 0.23;
cement with perlite – 0.3.

The coefficient λ =1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m. If this figure is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 = 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1°C, but 6°C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.

To determine the thermal resistance, use the formula R = d/λ, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.

For example, thermal resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

R=0.51/0.3=1.7 (m2*°K)/W.

From the table for external walls, take the standard value of their heat transfer resistance for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is equal to 3.28 (m2*K)/W, which means design resistance foam concrete in Moscow is not enough for the wall of a house. And for Sochi (1.79) too.

With thickness d

R=d/ λ or d=R* λ

Using this formula we calculate d = Ra* λ = 1.58 * 0.23 = 0.363 m or 363 mm. We are not satisfied with a plaster coating of such thickness, so using insulation would be optimal.

For Sochi d= (1.79-1.7)*0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. IN in this case For the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.

Areas of application of warm plaster

Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for exterior work. It is used to insulate plinths, floors and ceilings, seal cracks, insulate sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, it is used as insulation for garages and other auxiliary buildings.

The following varieties are produced according to application:

finishing compositions
for rough finishing.

Types of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Thermal insulation compositions are classified by the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as by the type of insulating filler.

Straw based

The material used for a long time is insulating plaster made of clay with straw grain. Straw in clay coating acts as reinforcement and creates voids.

As a result, the plaster coating can be thicker without delamination or cracking. It is applied as a rough layer on the wall over shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before application, the walls are moistened or sprayed with clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main advantage is a favorable microclimate and low cost.

Sawdust based plaster

Sawdust has long been used for home insulation. They covered the rubble and ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for coating walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beam, since the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust is 0.06 – 0.07 W/(m2 °C), and wood – 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to polystyrene foam.

Compositions with sawdust can have different mineral base– clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 parts of gypsum, 1 part of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a cell diameter of 5 mm.

Polystyrene as filler

A type of polystyrene foam - polystyrene foam - is used for various purposes, for example as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, pillows for sleeping. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, and is not food for microorganisms. Applicable in cement screeds for insulating floors (1:4:4 - cement/polystyrene granules/sand), and also as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) laid under the screed.

Plaster mixtures with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. They are produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.

Plaster mixture with the addition of foam glass

Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm plasters for facades. Such compositions are easy to install, retain heat well, and do not get wet.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

When volcanic lava frozen on the ground comes into contact with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous round granules similar to pearls. Due to this, the hydroxide received the name pearlite. The granules have high porosity, which reaches 40%, and are capable of absorbing water 4 times more than their own weight (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). For plaster composition (external and internal use) expanded perlite is more often used.

The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, consisting of small exfoliated scales of brown-golden color. When heated, vermiculite swells and fills with air. Used in lightweight concrete compositions and warm plaster mixtures. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, so they need finishing plastering.

Expanded clay granules (crumbs) are produced by firing some low-melting types of clay. When fired, light granules that conduct little heat are formed. different sizes. For warm facade plaster granules up to 5 mm in diameter are used.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To make a truly heat-insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:

It is important to properly prepare the base.
To mix the dry mixture (SS), take the amount of water according to the instructions.
In a large container, mix the entire volume contained in the package with water, so it is guaranteed that each portion will contain the required proportion of components.
The SS is poured into the poured water, being careful not to create dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at low speed (areas close to the sides and bottom are treated). Then give the solution 5 minutes to “ripen” and stir for another 2 – 3 minutes.
Work quickly, trying to use up all the solution before the end of its life. A solution that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
Work is carried out at temperatures above +5°C, below +30°C. Drafts, direct exposure sun rays and rain are not allowed. During facade work, a canopy is made.
Before plastering, turn off the power to sockets and switches.
Use safety glasses to protect your eyes.
Used beacons are removed after applying the solution. You cannot leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold powerful plaster coating on the wall.
The insulating layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If greater thickness is required, apply several layers intermittently to dry. The surface of the overlapping layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands

Commercially available CCs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Craftsmen prefer to create warm plaster solutions with their own hands. All components can be purchased for almost nothing. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Suitable also liquid soap, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 spoons per 20 liters of mixture. You can purchase a hydrophobizing agent in the store (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for thermal insulation compositions.

Recipe 1. Mixture for facades:

1 part – cement from M400;
1 part – foamed polystyrene 1 – 3 mm;
3 parts perlite;
50 g – polypropylene fiber;
plasticizer (add according to instructions).

Mix the dry ingredients and add enough water so that the solution has a paste-like consistency and does not run off the trowel.

Recipe 2. Indoor mixture:

1 part – white cement M400;
4 parts – filler (vermiculite or perlite);
50 g/bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from perlite-sand mixture:

1 volume part of cement;
1 part sand;
4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for premises and facades):

1 part – cement;
2 parts – paper pulp, soaked into porridge;
3 parts – sawdust;
water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:

1 part sawdust;
10 – 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
Water.

Lime is a strong biocidal agent that is not attacked by rodents, mold and mildew. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, since mixing produces a lot of heat. The solution has short term life, so you need to work it out quickly. The dry ingredients are mixed, then cement or other binder is added (if desired). Water is added last.

Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):

1 hour – clay;
2h. – sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors the proportion is 1:10. The solution has no shelf life, as water is simply added if necessary.

Video about preparing and applying warm plaster

Preparatory work

First of all, the wall must be properly prepared. The surface is cleaned of old peeling coating, dust-free and coated with primer. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Disinfect areas of mold and rot. Repairs cracks and potholes. On wooden surfaces shingles are nailed or a mesh is attached. Beacons are installed along the plumb line.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

Finish coating

The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
The mortar is applied in a layer of up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed over. If the coating thickness is large, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (without trying to make them smooth) using a grater.
When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.
When the entire volume between the beacons is filled, the surface of the top layer is leveled by the rule.
After the top layer has set, the beacons are removed and the remaining grooves are filled with solution.
After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

As a rule, the manufacturer on the packaging reports the average consumption of a centimeter layer of the composition per 1 m2. The mixture consumption is calculated based on the planned thickness of the plaster coating. The following consumption indicators correspond to standard volumes:

for 1 m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm you will need 10 - 14 kg;
the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 – 25 kg.

Work on the reinforcing layer

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal strengthening of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building before its shrinkage is complete. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part of it is made of brick. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced. It is carried out using plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied to the ceilings and walls, then the mesh is laid out and recessed. On the facade walls on top of the insulation, the reinforcement work is slightly different. First, the solution is applied in strokes, then the mesh is attached, and then plastered. They work with spatulas and polishers. When the layer is dry, on top of it in the usual way apply the next one.

Manufacturers and prices

The list of companies and the thermal insulation mixtures they produce is long. Popular ones:

Umka UB-21 (Ecotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, which requires finishing. With reinforcement, up to 10 cm is applied. Other insulating mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with expanded polystyrene. The permissible layer is up to 30 mm.
Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not require finishing.
Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. You can't do without finishing.
The Teplolux DeLuxe cement mixture retains heat using foam glass. It is also not final.
Thermo Um is universal - used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

Prices vary. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mixture ranges from 11 to 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its use allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in the premises. For the southern regions it is - great option insulation of houses.

And why. Nuances of preparing and using the solution

Despite the emergence of a sufficient number of gypsum analogues, cement plaster mixture remains one of the most popular materials for interior and exterior finishing. With many advantages, cement-sand plaster has high thermal conductivity, based on the minimum number of air pores in the hardened mass. A variety called warm plaster has lower thermal conductivity and is resistant to cracking, so it is considered the best option for those who want to level the walls and insulate them at the same time. Users of the FORUMHOUSE portal actively use plasters with reduced thermal conductivity and share their experience with everyone.

What kind of plaster is called warm
Preparation of the solution
Application of warm plaster

What kind of plaster is called warm

A typical plaster mixture - cement binder and sand, gives a coating with a density of about 1800 kg/mᶟ and a thermal conductivity of about 1.2 W/(m*C). Warm plaster (WP) consists of a cement binder and filler, which forms air pores in the monolith, reducing density and thermal conductivity. If cement is usually used as a binder, then there is a wide choice of fillers:

Perlite is obsidian hydroxide, formed when lava hardened on the ground comes into contact with water. The nuclei resulting from hydration resemble rounded pearls - pearls, for which the breed got its name. It is characterized by high porosity (up to 40%) and the ability to absorb liquid in quantities exceeding its own weight (up to 400%). To prepare plaster, expanded perlite (perlite sand) is usually used - small granules of a white or light gray hue.

Vermiculite is one of the minerals of the hydromica group, which is small layered flakes of brown-golden color. Like perlite, when heated it can swell, filling with air. In this form it is used in various industries, including construction, for the preparation of lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixtures.

Expanded clay chips - produced from special types of low-melting clays, by firing in rotating at a certain angle melting furnaces. This is a fine fraction with a granule size of up to 5 mm, sometimes called expanded clay sand. It is characterized by lightness, airiness, minimal thermal conductivity and the round shape of the granules.

Sawdust is a waste product from the wood industry; small fractions are used for plasters, providing porosity to the composition, but not disturbing its structure and maintaining the homogeneity of the mass.

EPS - expanded polystyrene granules are used not only for the manufacture of slabs or bulk insulation, but also as a binder in ready-made or home-made plaster mixtures. If perlite and vermiculite are natural substances, PPS is the result of activity chemical industry and is inferior to natural “colleagues” in terms of durability, biological and fire resistance. However, it copes with its assigned functions quite well - it makes the plaster porous and reduces its thermal conductivity.

In addition to the binder, filler and liquid, various modifiers are added to the plaster - to increase the elasticity of the mixture, to increase the service life, to prevent the formation of cracks during drying. Manufacturers of dry mixes add various branded water repellents and plasticizers. At homemade cooking plasters introduce microfiber, ready-made modifiers sold in construction stores, various detergents (liquid soap, dishwashing liquid) or PVA glue.

The coating obtained as a result of applying a warm plaster composition is not inferior to traditional cement-sand analogs in terms of adhesion to the base (adheses well to the wall) and strength.

Any finish can be applied to it decorative coating. This article will help you choose the right one. At the same time, it has low thermal conductivity - on average, 0.13 - 0.9 W/(m*C), and a density from 200 to 800 kg/mᶟ (depending on the filler). When using warm plaster, the load on the base is significantly reduced, and it is easier to work with the solution - per 1 m² of wall you will need to “master” less weight of the material at all stages.

What filler is usually added to homemade warm plaster?

Private developers use both the most affordable TS - based on sawdust, as well as perlite or with PPS granules. Vermiculite compositions are rare due to the high cost of the filler - it is several times more expensive than perlite. Yes and with ready-made mixtures famous brands Not every craftsman who chooses as plaster is able to make friends warm variety. This is explained, again, by cost - buying a ready-made dry mixture will raise the price per square meter by two to three times. If you buy components separately, these indicators are reduced to a level accessible to almost everyone interested. Calculations from our users confirm the theory.

Sektor FORUMHOUSE Member

The price of factory-made warm plaster is astronomical, compared to a homemade mixture. There are approximately 25 bags per 1 mᶟ, weighing 23 kg each (for example, take BIRSST T-2). It turns out that a cube, or 575 kg, will cost 15,825 rubles. Material consumption: 7 - 8 kg of dry mixture per 1 m² - with a solution layer thickness of 10 mm, with a thickness of 4 cm, we get approximately 19 m², or 833 rubles per square.

How much will a square cost? homemade mixture, also calculated based on my own experience.

Yura52 Member of FORUMHOUSE

For 5 m² of 1.5 cm thick plaster it takes a bag of cement, three bags of perlite and a plasticizer, if C3, then inexpensive. Total, approximately 500 rubles - 100 rubles per square. When the layer is increased to 3-4 cm, it still turns out much cheaper than the factory one.

In many ways, the choice between a purchased compound and a home-made one depends on the expected volume of work - a room of several dozen square meters can be plastered with a factory-made mixture, the difference is noticeable, but not fundamental. When we're talking about about hundreds square meters or tens of cubic, the savings cover both the time spent on experiments with proportions and any other costs.

Preparation of the solution

Typical cement to perlite ratios range from 1/3 to 1/7.

Such a large spread is explained by the versatility of the mixture - it is used for interior and exterior decoration of the most different reasons. The ability for adhesion and other physical and technical characteristics of surfaces differ, and parameters such as humidity and temperature are different in each specific case. The skill of the performer also plays a role: if a pro is able to work out almost any batch, then a beginner, faced with a complex consistency, will most likely “screw up” the solution.

In addition to perlite, sand, lime, and microfiber can be added to the mix to increase the strength of the resulting surface and reduce the likelihood of cracking. When using a ready-made plasticizer, the proportions are maintained according to the instructions; if PVA is used, for each liter of mixing liquid - 50 ml of glue. To prevent the solution from flowing over the surface, its consistency should resemble thick sour cream. Achieving ideal proportions only based on standard recipes is almost impossible. Adhering to the basic recommendations, you will have to try different “variations on a theme” until you find the most suitable one for a particular situation.

Motorist believes that to obtain warm plaster it is enough to simply replace the proportion of sand, in whole or in part, with perlite. Using the example of his friend, he was convinced of the effectiveness of a solution consisting of part cement, two parts sand and two perlite; the friend did not use foaming agents; the plaster lay down normally and holds up perfectly. The only difference between regular and warm solution- the latter needs to be kneaded dryer, after a few minutes the filler will release the absorbed moisture and the consistency will be “what the doctor ordered.”

Village and people Member of FORUMHOUSE

I did the plastering 2 years ago, we don’t live in the house yet, nothing is cracked, there is no heating in winter. The ratio of perlite M-75 and cement M 500 by volume was 7:1, plus fiberglass (about 10-12), plus the foaming agent Tsemaplast (lime substitute). Fiber fiber was thrown according to the volume according to the instructions, and cemaplast - in proportion to the cement.

Samurai Jack I chose warm plaster and decided to do it myself, experimentally selecting a composition suitable for my conditions. The ratio of cement and perlite ranges from 1/4 to 1/8 by volume, slaked lime is required at the rate of 0.5 parts by weight of cement. Also adding polypropylene fiber to the plaster, but only polypropylene, since glass fiber is destroyed in the alkaline environment of cement. Dishwashing detergents performed well as a foaming agent - approximately 0.1% of the weight of cement.

Sector in practice I received the following costs:

Perlite – 60 liter bag;
Cement – 19 kg;
Water – 19 liters;
Fiber - according to instructions.

Among the three perlite fractions sold, Sektor advises taking medium-sized granules (pictured in the center).

The solution is mixed in a concrete mixer or manually, but using a construction mixer, the dry components are mixed together, fiber and liquid additives are mixed into water. The resulting liquid is added to the dry mixture and mixed until smooth. After hardening, a large number of air pores form in the solution.

Application of warm plaster

Working with a solution based on perlite is practically no different from the technology of plastering CPS - the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, and, if necessary, primed with impregnations deep penetration, moisten before applying the solution. It is not recommended to try to sketch and completely level a layer more than 1.5-2 cm thick in one approach. It is better to divide the process into two stages, first sketching a rough layer, strengthening the beacons on it, and then sketching the finishing layer and leveling it along the beacons.