Currently, business in the field Agriculture is a profitable investment. There are a number of reasons for this. Firstly, this is serious support from the state in the form of subsidies for lending or purchasing agricultural equipment, as well as tax breaks. Secondly, the constant increase in demand from the population wishing to purchase products Russian manufacturer. Thirdly, it is high margins and a quick opportunity to expand both within the country and abroad. Considering these factors, the payback period of the project is 21 months, the break-even point is 11 months.
To open a business for the production of wheat and potatoes, a staff of 23 people will be required. It is also necessary to find land to rent and build a hangar for storing products. The minimum land area should be 350 hectares, hangar - 1,200 m2.
The annual harvest of wheat is 1,330 tons, potatoes - 5,250 tons. Every year these crops replace each other, since planting closely related plants every year is prohibited. Therefore, when opening, you need to select several crops that will be the main ones for your production. Sowing of wheat must begin in September in order to get the first harvest in the summer and begin the first sales. This business has a pronounced seasonality for production work. The peak of work occurs in spring and summer periods. However, the products can be sold for a year if properly stored in a hangar. The average cost of selling 1 ton of wheat is 7,000 rubles, potatoes - 8,000 rubles. Thus financial indicators projects are as follows:
Initial investment amount - 12 740 000 rub
Average monthly profit - 918 591 rub
Payback period - 21 month
Break even - 11 months
Return on sales - 43%
2. Description of the business, product or service
Today, an increasing number of people want to consume locally produced products and support national producers. Considering that the cost of imported food products is increasing and demand is constantly growing, there are great opportunities for starting a business for growing wheat and potatoes. You can also grow the following grain crops: barley, rye, oats, etc.
You can open a similar business in the following parts of our country:
- Ural
- North Caucasus
- Central Black Earth
- West Siberian
- Povolzhsky
The proper territorial location of land is one of the most important factors determining the success of a business. It is also necessary to rent agricultural land. The minimum area must be 350 hectares. When choosing land, be sure to pay attention to its composition and study how it was previously used and what was grown on it. Land can be rented either through an auction organized by the city/district administration or from private owners. Based on the signing of the lease agreement, it is necessary to build a hangar for storing products on this site.
Also, to open agricultural production you will need the following equipment:
- sowing complex
- tractor (2 pcs.)
- harrow
- harvester
- peeler
Equipment can be purchased both new and used. Also, be sure to check the possibility of purchasing equipment on lease, which will significantly reduce opening costs.
It is also necessary to purchase wheat and potato seeds for the first sowing of the area. Next, use your own raw materials for growing. Be sure to take care of purchasing crop fertilizer. This is necessary for faster ripening and to combat diseases that may be in the ground.
In addition, when starting a crop growing business, you need to study legislative framework regulating this activity. Regulatory legal acts include:
- Land Code of the Russian Federation
- Federal Law-264 “On the development of agriculture”
- Federal Law-149 “On seed production”
- Federal Law-29 “On the quality and safety of food products”
- Orders of the Ministry of Agriculture
- Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation
- Regional regulations
By complying with these legal acts, your enterprise will meet all standards in the field of agriculture.
Thus, using modern technology, as well as high-quality personnel, your business will quickly take a leading position in the city/region and will receive constant profits.
3. Description of the sales market
The main factor determining the success of a crop production enterprise is the sale of the entire volume of the grown crop.
The main target audience of the production is producers of bakery, pasta and confectionery products. It can also be either flour milling enterprises or trading companies, which sells grain further for export. They can be located both in your region and in remote areas of the country. For of this business characterized by constant growth in demand.
Therefore, to build the most effective pricing policy It is necessary to constantly monitor prices on the market. Hedge the risks of price changes using financial instruments. Also, to increase the likelihood of selling the entire volume of grown wheat/potatoes, long-term supply contracts can be concluded.
The main consumers of potatoes are trading companies that wholesale products on the domestic market.
4. Sales and marketing
5. Production plan
6. Organizational structure
The full calculation of the payroll for 24 months, taking into account the bonus part and insurance contributions, is presented in the financial model.
7. Financial plan
The sales plan for 24 months, forecast of investment efficiency and calculation of economic indicators of the business are presented in the financial model.
8. Risk factors
When implementing this project, the main risks include:
Business form: LPH, Peasant Farm, Individual Entrepreneur
2.5-3 million rubles
Payback period: 1 year
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Business form: LLC, individual entrepreneur, peasant farm
Project implementation cost: from 4 million rubles
Payback period: 3-4 years
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Business plan for raising chickens and organizing a poultry farm
Currently, poultry farming occupies one of the key positions in the agronomic sector of the country. Breeding chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and even breeding ostriches today as a small business is very popular among rural and rural residents. First of all, the proposed business plan for breeding laying hens is intended for this category of blog readers.
The policy of import substitution creates favorable conditions for the development of farms. In addition, there are government support programs for young farmers. To receive such assistance, you must draw up a business plan farm with an analysis of this project.
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Services
In order to determine the services provided, you need to analyze the demand for a particular type of activity at the location of the farm. This will ensure higher demand for manufactured goods and a low level of competition. The choice also depends on the amount of land at the disposal of the entrepreneur and the possibility of placing buildings on the site. Large-scale projects are more profitable, but it is better to start small, gradually increasing production potential.
The most profitable services provided by farming:
- sale of vegetables and fruits;
- sale of agricultural crops;
- sale of meat;
- milk sales;
- sale of eggs;
- sale of cheese.
Additional services include the sale of:
- skins;
- wool;
- down and feathers;
- manure;
- young animals
You can consider the following types of services provided:
- farm tour;
- processing of production products;
- cafe with farm products.
Relevance
The relevance of agricultural development in Russia is as follows:
- the demand for environmentally friendly products is constantly growing;
- governmental support;
- improvement of the legislative framework;
- farming is a highly profitable business.
Activities
The farm carries out the following types of activities according to OKVED:
- 01.1 Growing annual crops;
- 01.2 Growing perennial crops;
- 01.45 Sheep and goat breeding;
- 01.46 Pig breeding;
- 01.47 Breeding poultry.
In practice, it is more efficient to form household farms in the form of mixed subsidiary farming. Maintaining mixed farming will allow you to expand the range of final products and minimize the risks of seasonality, which will also increase your potential profit.
Poultry farming
Poultry farming requires much less time and money than other types of livestock farming. When implementing this area of activity, it will be possible to use fewer workers.
Eggs and chicken are those products that are always in the refrigerator of any of our compatriots. In addition, breeding birds does not require too large areas.
Birds for rearing:
- laying hens;
- broiler chickens;
- geese;
- ducks;
- quail;
- guinea fowl;
- turkeys
To open a small poultry farm you will need a room of about 400 square meters. m. It should be adjacent to an area for walking birds (at least 200 sq. m.).
The Ministry of Agriculture standards state that walking areas must have fences (in relation to the height and size of the birds) and drains. It is recommended to walk the birds different types separately, so you will need to make additional partitions inside the pasture.
Poultry house requirements:
- It is best to make a poultry farm from wood or brick.
- The floor should be covered with a thick layer of sawdust.
- The premises should be divided into areas where, like in a pasture, there will be different kinds birds.
- Each area of the poultry farm should have a separate feeder and drinker.
- According to the norms on one square meter three adults or 10 chicks must live. The calculation is given for chickens. Geese need 1 sq. m. for each adult, turkeys - twice as much as chickens.
- The room should be well ventilated, but at the same time be heated to a temperature not lower than +25 degrees.
Learn more about what you need to start a farming business in poultry farming from the channel “Main farming portal FARMER. RU".
Pig farming
Almost the most profitable idea for entrepreneurs who decide to make money in the meat business, there will be a pig farm. If you have 2–5 million rubles, you can open a modern high-tech farm with a livestock of 100 pigs. In this case, all necessary components will be included in the diet. The demand for pork in our country is higher than for other types of meat due to its lower price.
To raise pigs you will need a warm and ventilated pigsty. For small quantity heads, you can assemble a room from scrap materials: boards, chopped wood. But do not forget that pigs are curious animals, so when they grow up, they will dig tunnels and easily break walls. The capital pigsty is located on strip foundation made of brick or gas blocks.
During construction, the following standards are taken into account:
- wall height at doorways– 2-2.3 m;
- height in stalls – at least 1.3 m;
- for one adult sow – 3–4 sq. m;
- per boar – 4–5 sq. m.
Young animals can be kept together in one pen. When they reach 6 months, the piglets are divided into 2–3 heads in one pen. Adult animals are seated because they are cocky and can injure each other. That is, for 10 adult individuals you need to prepare a pigsty with an area of at least 40 square meters. m. The price of construction and insulation of walls depends on the region.
The pigsty must be divided wooden partitions. The light is not very bright, since excess lighting makes the animals aggressive. Window openings– no more than 13% of the total wall area. Places are equipped with drinking bowls and feeders. For the first time, you can make drinking bowls and feeders with your own hands. A separate walking area is being built. It is equipped with a roof and fenced with a wooden fence.
The channel “Rabbits Rule!” will talk about the organization.
Sheep breeding
Developing a business related to sheep farming has certain advantages. They consist not only of a stable income, but also of constant demand for farm products. At the same time, the products include not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep’s cheese.
Another advantage is that any room is suitable for keeping animals; you can build it yourself. The sheepfold needs less constant cleaning (this is the advantage of ungulates over birds or, say, rabbits). But in order for your livestock to winter well, it is important to insulate the sheepfold. It is necessary to purchase space for sheep walking taking into account the further increase in the number of animals (an average of 20 sheep per hectare).
Requirements for the sheepfold:
- Floors that are too soft can lead to foot problems in animals. The optimal covering is a layer of earth + a thin layer of straw.
- Drafts must be avoided, so there should be no gaps in the room. The air temperature in the sheepfold in winter should not be below minus 12–15 degrees.
- It is better to avoid bumps in the path of the sheep to avoid broken legs.
- In the premises where sheep are kept, drinking bowls must be designed for a volume of at least 10 liters per head.
The cost of one breeding sheep of the common Romanov breed starts at 5 thousand rubles. The cost of a stud ram can be double or even triple that. On average, one ram covers up to 40–50 sheep, but practice shows that it is better to provide two flocks of 20 sheep each than one of 40.
Channel “Almasbek. “Or Kazak bai bolsyn.” provides information about sheep farming.
Agricultural crops
The process of cultivating and growing grain crops is closely related to animal husbandry. After all, the final product of this industry, along with its use in the food industry, serves as feed for animals and birds. Cereals are the main ingredients of any feed. In addition, plant products are actively used in pharmaceuticals, textile industry and perfumes.
When planning a business, first of all, you need to decide on the specific grain crop that is supposed to be grown:
- wheat;
- corn;
- oats;
- sunflower;
- buckwheat;
- barley, etc.
Depending on the selected agricultural crop, a technological process is planned, including:
- features of soil cultivation;
- methods of sowing seeds;
- timing and technology of harvesting;
- types of fertilizers used;
- ways to protect plants from harmful insects and diseases.
The “Technical” channel was filmed on how to minimize drought when growing crops.
Growing vegetables and fruits
In addition to cereals and grain crops, entrepreneurs may be interested in floriculture, growing vegetables and berries. These directions have great prospects, and seasonality factors can be reduced through the construction of greenhouses and greenhouses. Such a business will be especially profitable in winter, when the price for fresh vegetables increases significantly.
Gardening and viticulture is a fairly promising and profitable type of business. Unlike other areas, investments in such projects pay off for quite a long time. A period of 3 years is required depending on the type of trees chosen. However, over time you get stable business with insignificant expenses for its maintenance. It is necessary to choose ways to protect the crop from the unwanted effects of insects and crop diseases.
It should be remembered that automation of the growing process in a positive way affects farm productivity, thereby increasing business profitability.
Fruits and berries to grow:
- apples;
- pears;
- strawberry;
- cherry;
- cherries;
- watermelons;
- apricots;
- plums;
- melons
Vegetables to grow:
- cucumbers;
- tomatoes;
- potato;
- carrot;
- beet;
- pepper;
- eggplant.
Greens to grow:
- parsley;
- dill;
- garlic.
Requirements for greenhouses:
- light transmission - frame elements should not be too wide;
- the soil under the greenhouse must be stable at any time of the year;
- It is not recommended to install greenhouses in areas that are flooded in the spring.
The linvideo zp channel will talk about growing vegetables in industrial scale.
Market description and analysis
Organizing a business should begin by assessing the business idea according to the following criteria:
- characterize the target audience;
- determine the competitiveness of your project;
- analyze the share and dynamics of the selected market segment.
The characteristics of farms in Russia are as follows:
- There is an increased demand among the population for agricultural products, which currently exceeds supply.
- Import substitution policies minimize competition from foreign suppliers.
- The volume of farm products produced by local farms is very low.
- Over the past ten years, Russian farms have significantly lost their position in the market.
- The introduction of sanctions led to the formation of unfilled niches and an increase in the range of unmet needs of the population.
- High profitability determines the attractiveness of this business for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs.
- The main difficulty for the successful functioning of domestic farmers is the sale of their products to intermediaries low prices and lack of independent entry into the market.
The target audience
The target audience of farms is divided into two segments:
- B2B - purchase of products by legal entities for the purpose of further processing or resale. The most active buyers are regional and federal retail chains.
- B2C - purchase of products directly by the consumer. These are mainly working people aged 25–45 years.
Competitive advantages
The main competitive advantages of farming:
- flexible pricing policy;
- environmental friendliness of products;
- quality of agricultural products;
- efficiency of delivery;
- branded packaging.
Advertising campaign
- Logo development and corporate identity from scratch.
- Naming (name of the farm).
- Slogan development.
- Designation and formation of philosophy and mission.
Minifarms are a business where the main means of informing potential clients are recommendations regular customers. Therefore, it is especially important to monitor product quality. You can place advertisements in stores, markets and other crowded places.
Other channels for product promotion:
- local media;
- creation of a website on the Internet;
- social network;
- distribution of booklets with products to restaurants and cafes;
- billboards, banners.
Sales channels
Possible product sales channels:
- Participation in exhibitions and thematic events. Typically, only interested buyers gather at such events, so a competent presentation of your goods will help you get profitable contracts with buyers.
- Participation in state, regional and commercial tenders. A somewhat expensive option. The winner of the tender is determined on a competitive basis. However, this is one of best options searching for a reliable and profitable buyer for large volumes of goods.
- Sales on wholesale markets. An option to arrange supplies to supermarkets, hypermarkets, and other stores. Cooperation with them will ensure long-term, constant and profitable sales of products.
- Registration on the electronic marketing platform for agricultural products. For example, at the state one - Rosagrotorg. Russian Federation or regional - Saratovagro.
- Selling through online platforms is convenient, inexpensive and fast. Buyers can always find the nearest supplier.
- Membership in a marketing agricultural consumer cooperative. A kind of association of farmers that allows them to jointly sell produced goods.
Governmental support
In Russia it is used " Government program development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013–2020.”
In order to support beginning agricultural producers, the following activities are carried out:
- provision of subsidies;
- distribution of grants for various purposes;
- holding competitions;
- conducting consultations.
To participate in the program, you must have the status of a beginning farmer, and the farm must meet the parameters of a microenterprise. Beginning farmer - citizen Russian Federation of working age who have an agricultural education or have at least 3 years of experience in agriculture. He is the head of a peasant farm and a registered individual entrepreneur.
Basic parameters of a starting peasant farm:
- the share attributable to a legal entity that is not a small and medium-sized enterprise does not exceed 25 percent;
- the average number of employees is no more than 100 people for small enterprises and 15 people for micro-enterprises;
- revenue excluding taxes should not exceed the maximum values that are established annually.
Additional conditions for participation in the program:
- Peasant farms registered no more three years back;
- commercial products are sold for at least 30 thousand rubles. in a year;
- the head of the peasant farm is a citizen of the Russian Federation living in rural areas at least a year;
- A peasant farm can participate in each of the Program activities only once.
The video shows step by step how to obtain land for farming. Filmed by the channel Mikhalev Sergey - business coach.
Step-by-step opening instructions
After defining target audience and market analysis, the following steps should be taken:
- Compose detailed business plan farm or purchase a ready-made sample.
- Prepare documents for opening a mini-farm.
- Find appropriate place for an enterprise.
- Purchase equipment and inventory.
- Determine the need to hire personnel.
- Purchase animals, seedlings.
- Start your own bissnes.
Documentation
A peasant farm (peasant farm) is a form of business ownership associated with agricultural activities. A peasant farm can be opened by one person or a group of people connected by joint farming or family ties. The number of participants is limited to five citizens.
A peasant farm is not a legal entity, and its head is recognized as an entrepreneur in accordance with the law. To carry out this type of activity you must be a legally competent adult. In this case, the citizenship of the entrepreneur does not matter. Registration is carried out simply by contacting the tax authorities at the place of residence of the manager.
To register a mini farm with the tax service, you will need the following documents:
- application for registration of a peasant farm;
- receipt of payment of state duty;
- entrepreneur's passport (original and copy);
- a document indicating the place of residence of the entrepreneur;
- agreement to create a farm (for several persons).
The registration procedure will take no more than five working days from the date of submission of the package of documents. The registration authority will submit the following documents:
- certificate of state registration;
- a document confirming registration with the tax office;
- extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs.
An entrepreneur can also receive an information letter from the State Statistics Committee.
It is recommended that when submitting documents for registration, you follow the procedure for switching to the Unified Agricultural Tax regime. The unified agricultural tax is calculated taking into account VAT, income and property taxes. This is the most suitable option for the farmer, since he will have to pay no more than 6% of the profit received. Payment is made once every six months, and reporting is submitted once a year.
Equipment and inventory
The choice of equipment depends on the type of farm.
Equipment and supplies for sheep breeding (flock of 100 heads):
Poultry breeding equipment:
Equipment for greenhouses:
Pig breeding equipment:
Photo gallery
Chick brooder Heat and pregnancy detector Incubator Feather plucking machine Hoof shears Lamb castration tongs Greenhouse 200 sq. m Grain crusher
Staff
Depending on the size of the farm, it may require wage-earners. In addition, the peasant farm must have a veterinarian/agronomist on its staff (this is determined by the activity profile) and an accountant. They may be family members or invited part-time professionals.
Financial plan
Whatever direction of home farming a businessman chooses, he will still need initial capital. can be opened by carefully planning the size of the investment and forecasting income.
Features of the financial plan:
- a pig farm opens;
- number of goals - 200–250;
- form of ownership - peasant farm with unified agricultural tax (tax is 6% on net profit).
How much does it cost to open?
Costings.
Regular expenses
Fixed farm expenses.
Income
Activities that bring in the most income on the farm.
Calendar plan
Schedule planning for opening a mini-farm.
| Stage | 1 month | 2 months | 3 months | 4 months | 5 months | 6 months | 7 months | 8 months |
| Market analysis | + | + | ||||||
| Preparation of a business plan | + | |||||||
| Preparation of a package of documents | + | |||||||
| Acquisition and registration of land | + | |||||||
| Construction of premises for keeping animals | + | |||||||
| Greenhouse installation | + | |||||||
| Summing up communications | + | |||||||
| Purchase of agricultural machinery | + | |||||||
| Purchasing and completing inventory | + | |||||||
| Creation of feed reserves | + | |||||||
| Purchase of young animals and seedlings, seeds | + | |||||||
| Recruitment | + | |||||||
| Opening | + |
Risks and payback
Choosing agriculture as the basis for implementation entrepreneurial activity, it is worth considering all the risks:
- Insects can interfere with crop production natural conditions and disasters. Not in all cases, their consequences can be quickly eliminated without causing significant losses. This risk can be minimized if you regularly consult with an experienced agronomist and independently gain knowledge on growing plants.
- When choosing livestock farming, it is worth considering the likelihood of diseases that can affect the entire livestock and require its complete destruction. A veterinarian will help here, who should be regularly invited for preventive examination of the livestock.
- Power and water interruptions. The risk is quite high. To neutralize it, you should take care of the presence backup sources electricity and water supply.
- Poor quality seedlings, young growth. You can minimize the risk by carefully choosing suppliers and breeders.
- Rising feed prices. You cannot skimp on the quality of animal nutrition. This risk can be neutralized by developing own production fodder supply (growing crops and vegetables).
- Difficulties with selling products. It is necessary to establish distribution channels in advance.
Many branches of agriculture do not require significant expenses, and their payback occurs within a year.
Farming is a business aimed at growing crop or livestock products and their further sale. This is a popular type of production, attractive due to its accessibility for private entrepreneurs.
The industry has high level competition and poses significant risks. Considering that most of the market has already been captured, first of all, it is worth taking care of product distribution channels. A good, but costly solution would be to open own store for direct deliveries and sales of goods.
The development of farming as a small business is strongly stimulated by the state through financial support and simplification of the system for obtaining all the necessary decisions.
Drawing up a competent business plan and consciously conducting production can make farming a profitable business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid to take risks in such an ambiguous niche.
The idea of creating your own farm
Creating your own farm is a type of business available to everyone. Even the lack of initial capital will not be a problem: with a well-drafted business plan, it is quite possible to take out a loan at a favorable interest rate or even find a good sponsor interested in a quality product.
Economists consider farming a profitable type of small business. But, due to technical progress In recent decades, some of these types of farms have closed, giving way to the emerging monopolists in the form of distributors of genetically modified products. The existence of a lot of competition in this industry discourages many inexperienced entrepreneurs. Despite this, a natural, high-quality product will always find its buyer.
There are several possible sectors for farming development:
- Plant growing.
- grain crops;
- fruits;
- vegetables;
- greenery.
- Livestock:
- cattle breeding;
- poultry farming;
- fish farming;
- beekeeping.
It is not necessary to choose one specific direction. Many industries coexist perfectly in the complex. Thus, animal products can become fertilizer for plants, and plants can become feed for livestock. It all depends only on the size of the territory and the initial capital of the founder of the farm.
Business plan development
Having decided on the niche of your production, it is time to create a business plan. The planning stage is the foundation of future income: it allows you to assess business prospects, calculate the necessary costs and payback, and prevent possible risks.
The development of a business plan includes:
- A resume that describes the idea of opening a farm, selects a niche, and sets clear production goals.
- Studying competitive market and demand for products.
- Description of production infrastructure, area and assets.
- Sources or availability of initial capital.
- Summary of financial expenses.
- Sales channels.
- Calculation of profitability and plans for further development.
- Risk assessment.
Regarding risk assessment, there are many possible “force majeure” events in farming. These could be sudden disasters, epidemics, problems with weather conditions or insects. You must always be prepared for unplanned expenses, saving part of the funds received in the appropriate fund.
Some novice entrepreneurs strive to make their business plan as optimistic as possible and evaluate possible production only in ideal utopian conditions. The content of the business plan must be reliable, and calculations can be made in two versions at once: optimistic (usual average conditions) and pessimistic (fulfillment of possible risks and termination of financing). In the current unstable economy, it is necessary to use the most current prices.
Obtaining territory for a farm and collecting the necessary documents
Unlike a personal subsidiary plot, a peasant farm (large subsidiary farm) has a number of privileges for the sale of products, but for this it is subject to mandatory control by sanitary and epidemiological services.
Opening your own peasant farm begins with choosing a territory for production. There are several criteria for a suitable location:
- convenient road junction;
- proximity to the place of sale (city, warehouse, etc.);
- ecologically clean area.
Citizens of Russia have the right to receive a farm plot for free if they express a desire to engage in agriculture. To do this, you must submit a corresponding application to the local government authority.
Depending on the chosen direction, additional conditions will be required: large fields nearby for cattle breeding, a pond for waterfowl, or the presence of flower stalks for bees.
To officially obtain the status of a farm with the possibility of selling products, you must go through the following stages:
- Payment of state fees to government bodies.
- Certification of the registration application by a notary.
- Submitting documents to the tax authority.
- Collection of registration documents.
- Registration in the relevant funds.
- Obtaining statistics codes from the State Statistics Service.
- Opening a current account.
During the registration process different stages The following documents will be needed:
- passport (original document and several notarized copies);
- documents confirming registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (application for state registration, receipt of payment of state duty tax, etc.).
- application for state registration of a farm in accordance with form No. P21002;
- permission from fire, sanitary and other services depending on the chosen niche.
Farm arrangement and personnel selection
After a long time preparatory stages planning, choosing a territory and registering a farm, the time has come to begin the actual arrangement of the place.
Farming includes:
- Utility buildings;
- Reclamation structures;
- Agricultural machinery and equipment;
- Vehicles;
- Inventory for farming activities.
Depending on the chosen niches, different preparation will be required.
- Cattle. Breeding cattle will require feed supply devices, dispensers, manure removal machines, and breast pumps. It will be mandatory to hire a butcher and build a slaughterhouse. It is advisable to purchase specialized Vehicle for transportation of products.
- Beekeeping. Construction required winter greenhouse for bees. Providing them with a sufficient number of hives. If there are no flower stalks nearby, plant fields. Purchase of special clothing and equipment for working with bees.
- Poultry farming. Will require the construction of a poultry house, perches, walking area, additional heating to maintain constant temperature and increase egg production of laying hens.
- Plant growing. It is necessary to purchase various vehicles and equipment for sowing, watering and harvesting. Requires a granary.
Almost any livestock farm will require the construction of warehouses equipped with a refrigeration system.
In parallel with the equipment of the farm territory, the search, selection and hiring of personnel must take place.
For any type of storage facility you will need:
- manager;
- accountant;
- vet;
- technician;
- specialized workers;
- drivers.
The number of personnel depends on both the type of production and its volume. For example, beekeeping will require almost 10 times more people to maintain hives than to maintain a similar volume of production chicken eggs.
The main part of any livestock farming will be the hiring of a competent and educated livestock specialist, under whose leadership production processes will be ensured.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a veterinarian. He not only monitors the health of animals, but also controls vaccination, reports to the relevant services and is directly involved in the appearance of new animals (deliveries or participates in the purchase of new livestock).
The purchase of animals or plants, as well as the necessary feed, becomes the last stage setting up your own farm. For these purposes, only trusted suppliers who have all the necessary necessary documents and permissions.
Animal husbandry and sanitary and epidemiological surveillance
Good living conditions are the basis for successfully running a business related to farming in any direction. If in the case of crop production, we're talking about already about storing the finished product for its further transportation and sale, then livestock farming requires a more scrupulous approach to the issue of maintenance.
The living conditions of animals determine, first of all, their growth and, as a result, productivity (the amount of milk, meat or wool for cattle, eggs for chickens, honey for bees or fluff for rabbits). Second important factor, which is directly dependent on the conditions of detention is reproductive function livestock The better the animals feel, the healthier they are and, accordingly, the larger and more often the farmer’s livestock increases.
In addition, nutrition, microclimatic conditions and care have a direct impact on the well-being of each animal.
Feeding livestock should be as balanced as possible. At the moment, there are two types of feed: dry and wet. Most farms prefer the first. This is not only more profitable from a financial point of view, but also due to sanitary and hygienic standards. A herd of 300 animals will require about 35 tons of feed.
In addition to the main food, multivitamin complexes and supplements must be included in the diet of livestock.
Equally important is constant access to clean drinking water. Pregnant and sick individuals should receive special attention.
In addition to feeding, some types of animals require the creation of a certain microclimate. In a room specially equipped for a barn, not only a comfortable temperature must be maintained, but also an appropriate level of air humidity.
The shed must be insulated from drafts, but provided with good air circulation.
We should not forget about lighting. For example, for high productivity of chickens, long daylight hours are necessary, but too much light can become stressful for laying hens and have the opposite effect. Likewise, the presence of strong noise can lead to a drop in egg production.
Farms of any type are subject to close sanitary and epidemiological control.
- Preventive control. Carried out at the stage of registration of a farm. The compliance of the territory and equipment with the relevant standards is determined. The technological process, rules for personnel, future conditions for keeping animals, etc. are approved. The conclusion of the preventive control will be the receipt of permission.
- Current control. It is carried out in the immediate production process through scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Finding any violations may result in administrative liability or even temporary suspension production processes and sale of products for the period until the farm corrects its mistakes.
Sales channels
The sale of finished products is the main stage of farming, on which all the profit received depends. The most favorable development of the event will be the conclusion of an agreement for the supply of products for a large network. Depending on the chosen niche and form of production (individual entrepreneur or LLC), it is possible to use various wholesale and retail sales channels.
The main ways of selling products can be:
- weekend fairs;
- market;
- own retail store;
- non-chain partner stores;
- resellers;
- public catering.
As additional sales channels, it is also worth considering farm participation in seasonal exhibitions, government tenders, and membership in an agricultural consumer cooperative.
In addition to standard distribution channels, one should not forget about technological progress. At the moment, there are several large platforms on the Internet for selling agricultural products directly to customers. These can be either small retail orders or large wholesale orders on an ongoing basis.
Calculation of financial indicators
The financial calculations of a farm depend on many factors: the scope of industries, the size and type of production, the equipment used and the initial capital. approximate cost the start of the project for a herd of 40 heads will be 3 million rubles, which includes:
- Acquisition of territory - 100,000 rubles.
- Costs for Construction Materials- 120,000 rub.
- Purchase of transport and equipment - RUB 1,000,000.
- Purchase of young animals - 600,000 rubles.
- Connection of communications - 100,000 rubles.
- Purchase of feed for the first six months - 450,000 rubles.
- Expenses for wages employees for the first six months - 300,000 rubles.
- Insurance deductions (30%) - 90,000 rubles.
- Other expenses - 200,000 rubles.
Entrepreneurs who have connected their business with farming can count on reducing the cost of government contributions due to the transition to a single agricultural tax.
According to experienced farmers, the main cost per year is feed (up to 40%). That is, by increasing start-up costs for the parallel development of crop production and creating your own source of feed, it is possible to achieve higher business profitability.
Having calculated the economic indicators of the project with the successful sale of products, we can talk about a profitability of 35% and a payback of the project in 3 years.
The opening of modern farms is alternative option already existing large-scale collective farms in matters of supplying agricultural products to cities.
This article will discuss the nuances of running such a business.
Pros and cons of business
This activity as a branch of business occupies one of the leading positions among types of entrepreneurial activity and has certain prospects in the future. This is explained by specific advantages - they are associated with the widespread passion for healthy eating and eating only natural products, which creates an increased demand for them among all consumer groups: from mothers with infants to pensioners.
Inexperienced entrepreneurs may think that opening a new farm is not only promising, but also more than simple. However, in practice, such an event is associated not only with the requirement of having experience in running a business in a similar field, but also with significant difficulties that may arise in the development of the economy.
In addition, this type of business is associated with some risks that may arise during its development. These include:
- seasonality of activity;
- lack or instability of demand for products;
- high competition;
- reduction in income of potential consumers;
- increase in prices for supplies of raw materials and materials;
- increase in the cost of renting large agricultural equipment.
Therefore, to reduce the likelihood of these risks occurring, as well as to successfully develop a business, it is necessary to draw up a business plan. It will gradually plan activities for opening a farm, list ways to reduce risks, and also calculate and analyze the main economic indicators of the project - revenue, start-up capital and payback periods.
What is needed to open a farm?
The first thing to do when writing a business plan is it is necessary to decide on the direction of business development. Modern farms can operate in various directions, among which the following sectors are the most popular:
- Breeding domestic animals and birds. Products produced in in this case There can be not only meat and offal, but also wool, skins, feathers, eggs, milk, etc.
- Growing agricultural crops (cereals, industrial crops, melons and others).
- Growing vegetables and fruits.
- Other activities, including beekeeping, fishing, mushroom cultivation, growing herbs and so on.
Most farms are created on the basis of existing households located in rural areas. This circumstance makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of the start-up investment for equipping the farm, since initially such formations were built taking into account the chosen direction of development.
In addition, many households have at their disposal (owned or leased) land developed for agricultural needs. By newly created farms, such lands can be used for growing crops or for developing pastures for grazing livestock.
When creating a farm, it must be registered, for which an organizational and legal form must be chosen.
Most often she is chosen peasant farm (peasant farm). Its features are the absence of the need for education legal entity, as well as the possibility of including all family members in the farm. In this case, it is necessary to elect the head of the farm, which can be any person from the family who has reached the age of majority.
Next, it is necessary to resolve taxation issues, for which the peasant farm must be registered with the tax authorities. You should know that farms pay single agricultural tax.
An individual entrepreneur - the head of a peasant farm must be registered in Pension Fund, and also receive a letter from Rosstat about the assignment of statistics codes. In addition, the farm must have its own current account opened in the selected bank.
To open a farm, you need start-up capital. In this case, part of the funds can be borrowed from the bank. To do this, you need to provide a well-written business plan with transparent tracking of financial flows. It is advisable to contact banks or private financial institutions focused on issuing loans specifically to agricultural organizations, since other banks simply may not understand the peculiarities of organizing activities set out in the business plan.
Some farms may qualify for financial business support from the state, but only farms whose activities are included in the agro-industrial complex development program can benefit from such assistance.
Chicken breeding
Chicken meat is one of the most popular all over the world, not only due to its high taste characteristics, but also its lower cost compared to pork, beef and other types of meat. And we don’t even need to mention the popularity of chicken eggs, since they are included in almost all modern dishes. That is why raising chickens is a business that can bring stable, tangible income.
The most successful location for such a business is the territory country house, preferably owned by an entrepreneur. When opening a chicken farm, you must rely on the following key points organization of this business:
- Choosing a bird breed. According to modern classification, chicken breeds are divided into egg breeds (bred specifically for laying eggs), meat breeds (bred for the purpose of producing meat) and meat-egg breeds (bred for complex production of products).
When choosing a specific breed, an entrepreneur should focus on the availability own experience and set goals. When choosing a specific breed, it is necessary to find out all the features of keeping birds, including such indicators as the air temperature in the chicken coop and the level of light. - Number of chickens kept on the farm. This indicator affects other conditions for organizing a business - the volume of feed purchases, the number of farm workers, the size of the chicken coop, the walking area, etc.
- Chicken coop equipment. It is naive to believe that a chicken farm involves the construction of only a chicken coop. Additionally, it must be equipped various techniques and installations - trays with food, drinking bowls, air humidity meters, temperature meters, etc.
- Careful monitoring of the birds' condition. Careful monitoring of chickens after purchase is required to prevent the risk of chickens falling. appearance, plumage condition, shedding level and beak pallor.
- Bird walking. The place and time for walking chickens should be carefully thought out, and walking should mainly be carried out in warm period year and daylight hours. Since chickens look for food for themselves while walking, it must be provided in the form of worms, feed and corn.
The estimated payback period for such a business is about 8 months, which characterizes the direction as highly profitable.
Pig farming
Pig breeding is one of the most profitable species commercial activities in the field of livestock farming. In doing business in this direction Special attention should be devoted to the marketing of breeding young animals. In order for the initial investment to pay off, it is necessary to sell 2-3 generations of animals. The choice of feeding method for pigs (dry or liquid) depends on the preferences of the breeder himself.
The conditions of the premises in which animals will be kept also affect their healthy development. Building a building from scratch is quite expensive and unprofitable for starting a new business. Therefore, it is recommended to find an empty farm and then rent or buy it. After this, repairs must be made to the room, all the required networks must be connected - ventilation, electricity and water supply.
It should be remembered that what better room equipped, and the entire process of raising animals is automated, the less it will be necessary to hire workers to monitor the maintenance of pigs. However, you simply cannot do without such vacancies as livestock technician, veterinarian, manager-administrator and accountant.
In this direction profitability is estimated at 25%, accordingly, starting investments can pay off in about 4-5 years.
Sheep breeding
Developing a business related to sheep farming has certain advantages. They consist not only of a stable income, but also of constant demand for farm products. At the same time, the products include not only meat, but also wool, as well as sheep’s cheese.
This direction has the advantage that a business can be started literally with the acquisition of a few heads, and in the future, as the farm develops and establishes operations, the number of animals can be increased.
It will be quite problematic to engage in sheep farming within the city limits, which is why the vast majority of such farms are located in rural areas. Another advantage is that any room, even unheated one, is suitable for keeping animals. It is necessary to purchase space for sheep walking taking into account the further increase in the number of sheep.
Despite the fact that the profitability of the sheep farming business is is only 10-15%, with a competent approach to business and drawing up a clearly structured business plan, the farm can pay for itself in 1-1.5 years.
Growing crops
Among the variety of activities, grain crops are rapidly gaining popularity. Moreover, not only traditional varieties (rye and wheat), but also modern crops bred through selective selection are actively grown.
According to the latest statistical data, the volume of harvested grain increases annually, which characterizes this area of agricultural business as quite promising. An important advantage is the significant support from the state, which in many ways allows us to solve the problem of finding start-up capital.
However, it can be difficult for a newly created farm to grow agricultural crops in a developed competitive environment. That is why it is necessary to draw up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features of this activity.
When planning a business, you first need to decide on the specific grain crop that you intend to grow. Further planning of everything will be based on this choice. technological process, including aspects such as:
- features of soil cultivation;
- methods of sowing seeds;
- timing and technology of harvesting;
- types of fertilizers used;
- methods of protecting plants from harmful insects and diseases, etc.
Subject to a well-written business plan, rational use funds received from the state and full adherence to the planned plan in commercial activities, the business of growing grain crops is able to pay off in less than 18 months.
Growing vegetables/fruits
Opening an agricultural farm to grow vegetables or fruits also applies to promising directions business development due to the widespread passion for eating only natural products. And, since potential consumers do not fully trust the quality of agricultural products grown by state collective farms, opening private farms may well become a promising business that brings a stable income. Moreover, according to experts, prices for these products will only rise in the future, and demand will not only not decrease, but may even increase.
Like any other area of business development, this activity requires drawing up a competent business plan that takes into account all the features and capabilities of the entrepreneur himself. The first step in the business plan should be to determine what kind of crop is supposed to be grown, taking into account the regional characteristics of the territory where the farm will be opened. That is, you need to decide which crops are suitable for growing in the climate of a particular region and which are not.
Also, one of two methods of growing vegetables/fruits must be chosen, namely growing in greenhouses or open ground . Methods must be selected to protect the crop from the unwanted effects of insects and crop diseases.
It should be remembered that automation of the growing process has a positive effect on farm productivity, thereby increasing the profitability of the business.
When opening a farm to grow vegetables or fruits, you should remember to obtain quality certificates for your products, which has a positive effect on your success in finding distribution channels and forming regular customers for your products. With skillful business management, investments in opening a farm can pay off in less than a year.
Product markets
Establishing stable distribution channels for grown products is essential for successful farming. To search for channels, a preliminary analysis of the situation on the local market of agricultural products must be carried out. During this analysis, the development of business in a given region is assessed, the level of competition is determined and the level of demand for products is calculated.
At the same time, it is important to determine the directions for searching for sales channels, they can be:
- Organizations working in the catering sector - cafes, restaurants, canteens at factories and industrial enterprises, public catering places at educational, office and other organizations.
- Organizations directly involved food industry– meat and bakery plants, enterprises for the production of pasta and cereals, organizations for the production of confectionery products, etc.
- Wholesale and retail trade enterprises.
It should be remembered that one of the the most important conditions A successful search for distribution channels is the competitiveness of farm products, as well as an appropriate level of quality at reasonable prices.
If the farm's products meet the requirements, then they can be sold by self-sale in food markets (both retail and wholesale). 
Costs and payback periods
The amount of costs associated with organizing a peasant farm largely depends on the initial conditions of the business. For example, if a peasant farm is created on the basis of an already existing household, then the size of the starting investment will be significantly smaller, since land and outbuildings will already be available.
A different situation arises if the farm is created from scratch. At the same time, the amount of starting capital may also differ depending on the chosen direction of business development, the cost of renting a plot, the price of purchasing animals or plants, and other things.
If we take average figures, then in total it will take approximately 5-6 million rubles to open a peasant farm.
The profitability of the business also depends on what direction the farm’s activities have been chosen. For example, if the farm is planned to be developed in the field of pig breeding, then the initial investment will pay off in approximately 4-5 years. If the peasant farm works in the direction of breeding chickens, then the business will begin to make a profit after 8 months due to the high demand for the products.
Thus, when planning to open a farm, first of all, it is necessary to determine the direction for its development, find out the features of farming in this area and draw up a structured business plan that determines the entire further organization of the business, taking into account the maximum reduction in the likelihood of risks.
Video about organizing farms
The video discusses the question of where to start a business in this direction:
