Graphic and test work in the subject "Drawing" allow you to organize independent, individual and collective work in the classroom, taking into account the characteristics of the students.
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Starting control of drawing training in 8th grade (for 7th grade)
Last name, class:______________________________________________________________
- What is the subject of study in the subject "Drawing"? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- What does it stand for: E S K D?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Name the main lines of the drawing: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Write down the known dimensions of the drawing font and the angle of inclination of the letters for italic font type B: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Name the types of triangles: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Name the types of quadrilaterals: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- List the names of geometric bodies: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- Types of angles and their designation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- What is pairing? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7th grade
- On HORIZONTAL
- Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each
- into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts
7th grade
GRAPHIC DRAWING WORK
“Dividing a circle into equal parts” Task:
- On HORIZONTAL On a sheet of notebook located in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.
Line type: dash-dotted thin line.
- Start constructing circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
- Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each using a compass. Please note that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
- Divide the constructed circles from left to right using previously learned methods.into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Save auxiliary for constructing the line.
- As a result of the work done, you should get four regular polygons inscribed in circles.
7th grade
GRAPHIC DRAWING WORK
“Dividing a circle into equal parts” Task:
- On HORIZONTAL On a sheet of notebook located in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.
Line type: dash-dotted thin line.
- Start constructing circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
- Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each using a compass. Please note that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
- Divide the constructed circles from left to right using previously learned methods.into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Save auxiliary for constructing the line.
- As a result of the work done, you should get four regular polygons inscribed in circles.
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DRAWING - 7TH GRADE
_________________________________________
Graphic work on the topic “Drawing lines.
Working with drawing tools."
- Draw a square with a side of 15 cm in your workbook on a separate sheet of paper.
- Divide the square with a diagonal drawn from the lower left corner.
- In the resulting division areas, perform the following constructions:
A) in one area, draw horizontal lines at intervals of 1 cm.
B) in another area, draw vertical lines at intervals of 0.5 cm.
_______________________________________________________________
Test work on the topic “Subject “Drawing”. Blueprints"
- What does the subject "Drawing" study?
- What is a drawing called?
- List the drawing tools used in drawing lessons at school.
- List the areas of industry where drawings are used.
- What can be determined from a product drawing by “reading” it?
When answering questions, you should not rewrite the question itself.
You need to write its serial number and answer
_________________________________________________________
The work must be done clearly and accurately,
trying to draw all lines of the same thickness.
_______________________________________________________________
Workbook
Introduction to the Subject of Drawing
The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawings
Drawings in Rus' were made by “draftsmen”, a mention of which can be found in the “Pushkar Order” of Ivan IV.
Other images - drawings, were a bird's eye view of the structure.
At the end of the 12th century. In Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are indicated. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.
The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. Currently, the drawing has become the main document business communication in science, technology, manufacturing, design, construction.
It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Which you will meet while studying the subject "Drawing"
Types of graphic images
Exercise: label the names of the images.
The concept of GOST standards. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.
Exercise 1
Graphic work No. 1
"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines"
Examples of work performed
Test tasks to graphic work No. 1
Option #1.
1. What designation according to GOST has a format of size 210x297:
a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?
2. What is the thickness of the dash-dot line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 0.8 mm:
a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?
______________________________________________________________
Option #2.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. Where in the drawing is the main inscription located:
a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?
2. How much should the axial and center lines extend beyond the contour of the image:
a) 3...5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?
Option #3.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What arrangement of A4 format is allowed by GOST:
A) vertical; b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?
2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 1 mm:
a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?
Option number 4.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:
a) left, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom – 10 mm, right – 25 mm; c) left – 20 mm, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each?
2. What type of line are the axial and center lines made in the drawings:
a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?
Option #5.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What are the dimensions of the A4 format according to GOST:
a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?
2. Depending on which line the thickness of the drawing lines is selected:
a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?
Fonts (GOST 2304-81)
Font types:
Font sizes:
Practical tasks:
Calculations of drawing font parameters
Test tasks
Option #1.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What value is taken as the font size:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) height of capital letter; c) the height of the spaces between the lines?
Option #2.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of the capital letter of rift No. 5:
a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?
Option #3.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of lowercase letters that have protruding elements? c, d, b, r, f:
a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of a lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of the capital letter?
Option number 4.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Are uppercase and lowercase letters different in writing? A, E, T, G, I:
a) differ; b) do not differ; c) differ in spelling individual elements?
Option #5.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What does the height of the numbers of a drawing font correspond to:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?
Graphic work No. 2
"Drawing of a flat part"
Cards - tasks
1 option
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Geometric constructions
Dividing a circle into 5 and 10 parts
Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts
Dividing a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts
Dividing a segment into 9 parts
Fixing the material
Based on these types, build a third one. Scale 1:1
Option #1
Option No. 2
Option #3
Option No. 4
Fixing the material
Write your answers in your workbook:
Option #1
Option No. 2
Practical work No. 3
"Modeling from a drawing."
Directions for use
To make a cardboard model, first cut out its blank. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece from the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) the cutouts. Cut them along the outlined contour. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw a line at the bending point. outside lines with some sharp object.
The wire for modeling must be soft and of arbitrary length (10 – 20 mm).
Fixing the material
Option No. 1 Option No. 2
Fixing the material
In your workbook, draw a drawing of the part in 3 views. Apply dimensions.
Option No. 3 Option No. 4
Fixing the material
Working with cards
Fixing the material
Using colored pencils, complete the task on the card.
Amount (increase)
Clipping
Reinforcement task
Oval -
Algorithm for constructing an oval
1. Construct an isometric projection of a square - rhombus ABCD
2. Let us denote the points of intersection of the circle and the square 1 2 3 4
3. From the top of the rhombus (D) draw a straight line to point 4 (3). We obtain segment D4, which will be equal to the radius R arcs
4. Let's draw an arc that will connect points 3 and 4.
5. At the intersection of segment B2 and AC, we obtain point O1.
When the segment D4 and AC intersect, we obtain point O2.
6. From the resulting centers O1 and O2 we will draw arcs R1 that will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.
Fixing the material
Complete a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are shown in Fig. 62
Graphic work No. 9
Part sketch and technical drawing
1. What is called sketch?
Fixing the material
Exercise tasks
Practical work No. 7
"Reading Blueprints"
Graphic dictation
“Drawing and technical drawing of a part based on a verbal description”
Option #1
Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a larger base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole runs vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.
Overall height parts 30 mm.
The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, length 70 mm, width 50 mm.
The second parallelepiped has a length of 50 mm and a width of 40 mm.
The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, height 10 mm; diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.
Note:
Option No. 2
Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) face of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is through hole prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 65 mm, width 40 mm.
Half-cylinder height 15 mm, base R 20 mm.
The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.
Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. The hole is located at a distance of 15 mm from the right edge of the support.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 3
Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with its large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole runs along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 65 mm.
The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.
The height of the cone is 50 mm, the lower base is Ǿ 50 mm, the upper base is Ǿ 30 mm.
The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, height 40 mm.
The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 4
Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the lower cylinder is 15 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm.
The base of the second cylinder is Ǿ 45 mm.
Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.
The upper part of the hole is Ǿ 30 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 5
Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 100 mm, width 50 mm.
Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.
Hole diameters are 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 6
Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.
Cube edge 60 mm.
The depth of the semi-conical hole is 35 mm, the upper base is 40 mm, the bottom is 20 mm.
The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 7
Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The cone with its large base is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. In the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped there are two prismatic cutouts. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 15 mm is drilled along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, length 90 mm, width 55 mm.
The diameters of the cone bases are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).
The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, width 10 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 8
Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the body there are two conical tides. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.
The total height of the part is 59 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, length 90 mm, width 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.
The height of the cones is 7 mm, the base is Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 9
Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axis. A through hole runs along the axis: at the top it is prismatic in shape with a square base, and then cylindrical in shape.
The total height of the part is 50 mm.
The height of the lower cylinder is 10 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm. The diameter of the base of the second cylinder is 30 mm.
The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.
The base side of the prismatic hole is 10 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Graphic work No. 11
“Drawing and visual representation of the part”
Using the axonometric projection, construct a drawing of the part in required quantity species on a scale of 1:1. Add dimensions.
Graphic work No. 10
“Sketch of a part with design elements”
Draw a drawing of a part from which parts have been removed according to the markings applied. The projection direction for constructing the main view is indicated by an arrow.
Graphic work No. 8
“Drawing of a part with transformation of its shape”
General concept to transform the form. Relationship between drawing and markings
Graphic work
Making a drawing of an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)
Complete the technical drawing of the part, making, instead of the protrusions marked with arrows, notches of the same shape and size in the same place.
Assignment for logical thinking
Topic “Design of drawings”
Crossword "Projection"
1.The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.
2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.
3. Cube face.
4. The image obtained during projection.
5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120° to each other.
6. In Greek, this word means “double dimension.”
7. Side view of a person or object.
8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.
9. The image on the profile projection plane is a view...
Rebus on the topic “View”
Rebus
Crossword "Axonometry"
Vertically:
1. Translated from French"front view".
2. The concept in drawing of what the projection of a point or object is obtained on.
3. The boundary between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.
4. Geometric body.
5. Drawing tool.
6. Translated from Latin language"throw, throw forward."
7. Geometric body.
8. The science of graphic images.
9. Unit of measurement.
10. Translated from Greek language"double dimension".
11. Translated from French as “side view”.
12. In the drawing, “she” can be thick, thin, wavy, etc.
Technical Dictionary drawing
Term | Definition of a term or concept | |
Axonometry | ||
Algorithm | ||
Analysis geometric shape subject | ||
Boss | ||
Shoulder | ||
Shaft | ||
Vertex | ||
View | ||
Main view | ||
Additional view | ||
Local view | ||
Screw | ||
Sleeve | ||
Dimensions | ||
screw | ||
Fillet | ||
Geometric body | ||
Horizontal | ||
Ready room | ||
Edge | ||
Dividing a circle | ||
Division of a segment | ||
Diameter | ||
ESKD | ||
Drawing tools | ||
Tracing paper | ||
Pencil | ||
Drawing Layout | ||
Construction | ||
Circuit | ||
Cone | ||
Pattern curves | ||
Circular curves | ||
Pattern | ||
Rulers | ||
Line - leader | ||
Extension line | ||
Transition line | ||
Dimensional line | ||
Solid line | ||
Dashed line | ||
Dashed line | ||
Lyska | ||
Scale | ||
Monge method | ||
Polyhedron | ||
Polygon | ||
Modeling | ||
Main inscription | ||
Applying dimensions | ||
Drawing outline | ||
Break | ||
Oval | ||
Ovoid | ||
Circle | ||
Circle in axonometric projection | ||
Ornament | ||
Axonometric axes | ||
Axis of rotation | ||
Projection axis | ||
Axis of symmetry | ||
Hole | ||
Groove | ||
Keyway | ||
Parallelepiped | ||
Pyramid | ||
Projection plane | ||
Prism | ||
Axonometric projections | ||
Projection | ||
Isometric rectangular projection | ||
Frontal dimetric oblique projection | ||
Projection | ||
Groove | ||
Scan | ||
Size | ||
Overall dimensions | ||
Structural dimensions | ||
Coordinating sizes | ||
Part element dimensions | ||
Gap | ||
Drawing frame | ||
Edge | ||
Technical drawing | ||
Symmetry | ||
Pairing | ||
Standard | ||
Standardization | ||
Arrows | ||
Scheme | ||
Thor | ||
Mating point | ||
Protractor | ||
Squares | ||
Simplifications and conventions | ||
Chamfer | ||
Drawing formats | ||
Frontal | ||
Projection Center | ||
Pairing Center | ||
Cylinder | ||
Compass | ||
Drawing | ||
Working drawing | ||
Drawing | ||
Dimensional number | ||
Reading the drawing | ||
Washer | ||
Ball | ||
Slot | ||
Engraving | ||
Font | ||
Hatching Hatching in axonometry | ||
Ellipse | ||
Sketch | ||
Workbook
Practical and graphic work on drawing
The notebook was developed by Anna Aleksandrovna Nesterova, teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine art, teacher of the Municipal Budget Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk”
Introduction to the Subject of Drawing
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.
Graphic work№1
Drawing fonts
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Drawing fonts”
Efremovskaya average comprehensive school
Educational field Technology
Subject Drawing
Graphic works
Completed
Student's name
Checked
Teacher's name
2013-2014 academic year
Graphic work№2
Dividing a circle into equal parts
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Dividing a circle into equal parts”
I-variant – into 3 parts
Option II – 5 parts
ІІІ-option – for 6 parts
ІY-version – for 8 parts
Graphic work№ 5
Target
I-option
Roller Steel 45
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
Option II
Target : check your knowledge on the topic “Sections”
Finger Steel 50
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
ІІІ-option
Target: check your knowledge on the topic “Sections”
Draw a sketch of the part on a sheet of A4 paper using a visual image. Reveal transverse shape cross-section details. Label it if necessary. Add dimensions.
Roller Steel 45
Graphic work№ 5
Drawing of parts with sections
ІY-variant
Target : check your knowledge on the topic “Sections”
Draw a sketch of the part on a sheet of A4 paper using a visual image. Reveal the cross-sectional shape of the part. Label it if necessary. Add dimensions.
Axle Steel St.5
Graphic work№ 6
Drawing of parts with cuts
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Cuts”
1st option
Draw a sketch of the part on a sheet of A4 paper using a visual image. Make a cut on the product
2nd option
Graphic work№ 7
Drawing threaded connections
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Connections”
Content: Draw a drawing of the connection of two parts using threaded products. Option 1Graphic work№ 8
Content: Execute. (Composition of the assembly unit:1 - sponge;2 - spring;3 - screw.) Option 1Drawing of a part from life or according to an assembly drawing
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Assembly drawing”
Executesketch of the part according to the assembly drawing. (Composition of the assembly unit:1 - rod;2 - frame;3 - lid.)
Option 2Graphic work№ 8
Drawing of a part from life or according to an assembly drawing
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Assembly drawing”
Executesketch of the part according to the assembly drawing. (Composition of the assembly unit:1 - flange;2 - a tube.)
Option 3Graphic work№ 9
Part drawing according to sketch
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Purpose and execution of sketches”
Contents: Draw one part Option 1Option 3 |
|
Graphic work№ 10
Drawing of the plan and facade of the building
Purpose: to check the assimilation of knowledge on the topic “Elements of construction and topographical drawing”
Reading a drawing involves imagining the three-dimensional shape of an object from flat images and determining its dimensions. It is recommended to carry out this work in the following sequence:
- Read the title block of the drawing. From it you can find out the name of the part, the name of the material from which it is made, the scale of the images and other information.
- Determine what types of parts are given in the drawing, which of them is the main one.
- Consider the types in relation to each other and try to determine the shape of the part with all the details. This task is helped by analyzing the images and data in the drawing. Having imagined the geometric shape of each part of the part from the drawing, they mentally combine them into a single whole.
- Determine the dimensions of the part and its elements from the drawing. Let's give an example of reading a drawing of a part (first, questions about the drawing are given, and then answers to them).
Questions for the drawing (Fig. 143. The questions are compiled in the sequence corresponding in the correct order reading drawings)
- What is the name of the part?
- What material is it made from?
- What scale is the drawing made at?
- What types does the drawing contain?
- Describe general shape details.
- What are the overall dimensions of the parts and the dimensions of the individual parts?
Rice. 143. Part drawing
Answers to questions about the drawing (see Fig. 143).
![](https://i0.wp.com/tepka.ru/Cherchenie_7-8/144.gif)
Read the drawing in Figure 145.
Rice. 145. Exercise task
Questions about the drawing
- What is the name of the part?
- What material is it made from?
- What types are shown in the drawing?
- The combination of which geometric bodies determines the shape of the part?
- What parts of the part are shown in the main view by two circles with a diameter of 10?
- What elements are represented by circles with a diameter of 18 and why are they drawn in the main view with dashed lines?
- What are the overall dimensions of the part?
Practical work No. 7. 1. Oral reading drawings
As instructed by the teacher, read one of the drawings in Figure 146. Write down the answers to the questions in your notebook.
Rice. 146. Assignments for practical work No. 7
Questions for reading blueprints
- What is the name of the part? What material is it made from?
- What scale is indicated in the drawing?
- Which images convey the shape of the part?
- What geometric bodies combine to form its shape?
- Describe the shape of the part.
- What are the overall dimensions? What is the size of the geometric bodies that form the shape of the part?
2. Solving fun problems
![](https://i0.wp.com/tepka.ru/Cherchenie_7-8/147.gif)
Rice. 148. Exercise tasks
Graphic work No. 8. Drawing an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)
![](https://i1.wp.com/tepka.ru/Cherchenie_7-8/149.gif)
Rice. 151. Tasks for graphic work No. 8
Directions for work. Complete tasks 1-4, as preparatory ones, in your workbook, task 5, as the main one, on an A4 sheet. Complete the images while maintaining the proportions of the subject; do not apply dimensions.
WorkbookPractical and graphic work on drawing
The notebook was developed by Anna Aleksandrovna Nesterova, teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine art, teacher of the Municipal Budget Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk”
Introduction to the Subject of Drawing
The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawings
Drawings in Rus' were made by “draftsmen”, a mention of which can be found in the “Pushkar Order” of Ivan IV.
Other images - drawings, were a bird's eye view of the structure.
At the end of the 12th century. In Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are indicated. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.
The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. Currently, the drawing has become the main document of business communication in science, technology, production, design, and construction.
It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Which you will meet while studying the subject"Drawing"
Types of graphic images
Exercise: label the names of the images.
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.
From the history
An iron compass was found in France in a Gallic mound from the 1st century AD. In the ashes that covered Pompeii nineteen centuries ago, archaeologists also discovered many bronze compasses.
IN Ancient Rus' A circular pattern of small regular circles was widespread. A steel compass cutter was found during excavations in Novgorod the Great.
Pencil got its name from the merger of two Turkic words:punishment – black and tash - stone. In the 16th century, the British discovered graphite deposits. Fragile pens were placed in an elegant frame made of reed or mahogany, and only at the end of the 18th century, the Czech J. Garmut proposed making writing rods from a mixture of crushed graphite and clay. The writing rods were called “kohinoor” - “having no equal.”
Protractor - a tool for measuring degrees and drawing angles, made of tin or plastic.
Pattern - a thin plate with curved edges, used for drawing curved (pattern) lines that cannot be drawn using a compass.
Word eraser , it turns out, comes from the abbreviated word “gummy elastic”, which translates asrubber.
Ready room – a set of drawing tools and accessories placed in a case.
Fixing the material:
According to the teacher's instructions, students draw vertical, horizontal and inclined lines, as well as circles, in a workbook, using drawing tools.
The concept of GOST standards. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.
Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4D/Z:
Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, format fA4 (without font)
Learn:
Ideas about GOSTs, ESKD, formats, title block
Be able to:
Determine the thickness, style, type of lines when creating graphic images, design the format.
Exercise 1
Graphic work No. 1
"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines"
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova p. 20, accessories, fA4D/Z:
Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, graph paper.
Learn:
Rules for drawing up, stages of work on the drawing.
Be able to:
Carefully and rationally work with drawing tools. Follow the rules for drawing up drawings and drawing lines.
Examples of work performed
Test tasks for graphic work No. 1
Option #1.
What designation according to GOST has a format of size 210x297:
a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?
2. What is the thickness of the dash-dot line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 0.8 mm:
a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?
______________________________________________________________
Option #2.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Where in the drawing is the main inscription located?
a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?
2. How much should the axial and center lines extend beyond the contour of the image:
a) 3...5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?
Option #3.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What arrangement of A4 format is allowed by GOST:
A) vertical; b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?
2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 1 mm:
a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?
Option number 4.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:
a) left, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom – 10 mm, right – 25 mm; c) left – 20 mm, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each?
2. What type of line are the axial and center lines made in the drawings:
a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?
Option #5.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What are the dimensions of the A4 format according to GOST:
a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?
2. Depending on which line the thickness of the drawing lines is selected:
a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?
Fonts (GOST 2304-81)
Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, graph paper.D/Z:
Notebook, textbook §2.4 pp. 23-24, graph paper.
Learn:
Drawing font, main inscription of the drawing.
Be able to:
Use a font when designing a drawing
Font types:
Font sizes:
Practical tasks:
Calculations of drawing font parameters
Relates.size
Size in mm
3.5
Height
capital letters
3.5
Height
lowercase letters
0.7 h
2.5
3.5
Letter spacing
0.2 h
0.7
0.1
1.4
2.0
2.8
Minimum distance between line bases
1.7 h
6.0
8.5
12.0
17.0
24.0
Minimum distance between words
0.6 h
2.1
3.0
4.2
6.0
8.4
Letter thickness
0.1 h
0.35
0.5
0.7
0.1
1.4
Test tasks
Option #1.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What value is taken as the font size:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) height of capital letter; c) the height of the spaces between the lines?
Option #2.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of the capital letter of rift No. 5:
a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?
Option #3.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What is the height of lowercase letters that have protruding elements?c, d, b, r, f:
a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of a lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of the capital letter?
Option number 4.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Are uppercase and lowercase letters different in writing?A, E, T, G, I:
a) differ; b) do not differ; c) do they differ in the spelling of individual elements?
Option #5.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What does the height of the numbers of a drawing font correspond to:
a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?
Applying dimensions. Scale
Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories.D/Z:
Notebook, textbook §2.5-2.6, fA4 (vertical)
Learn:
Rules for applying dimensions
Linear
Corner
Numbers on drawings
R signs, diameter, square
Be able to:
Apply sizing rules. Read the dimensions on the drawings. Use the scale correctly
The sizes are:
Signs that are used when applying dimensions:
L –
R –
Ǿ -
Exercise:
Apply dimensions
Scale –
Test tasks
Option #1.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
1. What length of the object should be indicated on the drawing if it is 1250 mm and the image scale is 1:10:
a) 125: b) 1250; c) 12.5?
2. Which letter should be placed before the dimension number when indicating the thickness of the part:
a) R; b)L; V)S?
Option #2.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
The drawing is set to a scale of 2:1. How will the linear dimensions of the image relate to the linear dimensions of the projected object:
a) the image is larger than the actual size of the object; b) the image corresponds to the actual size of the object; c) is the image smaller than the actual size of the object?
Option #3.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
What scale is preferable for drawing a part:
a) increase; b) decrease; c) natural?
2. What does the R sign in front of the size number mean:
a) circumference; b) diameter of a circle; c) radius of the circle?
Option number 4.
Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.
Which option corresponds to the scale of reduction:
a) M 1:2; b) M 1:1; c) M 2:1?
2. What is the minimum distance between the image outline and the dimension line:
a) 5 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 10 mm?
Exercise to consolidate the material
(work with colored pencil)
Graphic work No. 2
"Drawing of a flat part"
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4 (vertical)D/Z:
Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass)
Learn:
Rules for applying dimensions, drawing design (fonts, lines).
Be able to:
Carry out a drawing, apply the rules for drawing dimensions, use drawing tools.
Cards - tasks
1 option
2 option
3 option
4 option
Pairings. Geometric constructions
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass).D/Z:
Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compasses), fA4, §15.2 -15.3 Fig. 137
Learn:
Rules for constructing parallel and perpendicular lines, conjugating angles, two parallel lines, a straight line and a circle, and dividing a circle into equal parts, constructing regular polygons.
Be able to:
Perform geometric constructions using drawing tools. Read the drawing.
Pairing –
Consolidation of the studied material:
Make a drawing of a door key
Conjugation of blunt, acute and right angles
Geometric constructions
Dividing a circle into 5 and 10 parts
Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts
Dividing a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts
Dividing a segment into 9 parts
Projection. Projection method. Projecting onto one projection plane
D/Z:
Accessories, 2 matchboxes, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova pp. 31-34 read.
Learn:
Projection Basics. Concepts: center, perpendicular, parallel
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of an object, display on a plane.
Obtaining images on 2 projection planes.
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 pp. 37-38.
Learn:
Rules for depicting a figure on a mutually perpendicular plane. Basics of the rectangular projection method.
Be able to:
Be able to construct projections on 2 projection planes.
Exercise:
Make models from matchboxes as shown in Fig. 56 a. Compare the model drawings you made with their visual images. Make your own one or two models from two or three boxes and complete their drawings.
Practical task:
Using a visual image, construct a horizontal projection. Add dimensions.
Review task:
Obtaining images on 3 projection planes
D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 -5 pp. 37-38 fig. 51.
Learn:
The order of projection on 3 planes. Number of types used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.
Be able to:
Draw a simple shape. Select the number of types. Read a drawing of a simple shape.
Construct the third type of part frontally on the chalkboard
Fixing the material
Practical work:
Based on these types, build a third one. Scale 1:1
Option #1
Option No. 2
Option #3
Option No. 4
Location of species. Local species. Tasks for drawing up drawings from isolated images
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, tracing paper.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §5 fig. 55-56, scissors, glue, wire, matchboxes, colored paper.
Learn:
The order of projection on the plane. Number of types used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.
Be able to:
Make a drawing of a simple form, choosing the required number of types in accordance with GOSTs. Read a drawing of a simple shape.
View –
What's called local species?
Fixing the material
Write your answers in your workbook:
Option #1
Option No. 2
Practical work No. 3
"Modeling from a drawing."
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, wire or cardboard, matchboxes, glue, etc.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova
Learn:
Methods of modeling from a drawing.
Be able to:
Directions for use
To make a cardboard model, first cut out its blank. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece from the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) the cutouts. Cut them along the outlined contour. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw lines on the outside of the bend with some sharp object.
The wire for modeling must be soft and of arbitrary length (10 – 20 mm).
The order of constructing images in drawings
tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paperD/Z:
§13, f A4, colored pencils, accessories.
Learn:
Be able to:
Construct cuts and sections, perform technical drawings of elements.
Fixing the material
Exercise:
Option No. 1 Option No. 2
Fixing the material
Exercise:
In your workbook, draw a drawing of the part in 3 views. Apply dimensions.
Option No. 3 Option No. 4
Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. Bodies of rotation. Group of geometric bodies
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §10, 11, 16, colored pencils.
Learn:
Rules for making drawings of geometric bodies.
Sequence of reading a group of geometric bodies.
Be able to:
Fixing the material
Working with cards
Fixing the material
Using colored pencils, complete the task on the card.
Geometric shape analysis -
Drawing of a part according to these two types
tools,D/Z:
f A4, tools
Learn:
Be able to:
Analyze drawings, give an accurate verbal description of the object depicted in the drawing.
Obtaining axonometric projections of plane figures
Repeat paragraph 7-7.2; complete the construction of table 1.
Equipment for students:
textbook "Drawing" ed. Botvinnikova A.D., workbook, drawing accessories.
Square in dimetric projection
Exercise:
Construct a square in isometric projection
Triangle in dimetry Triangle in isometry
Hexagon in dimetry and isometry
Exercise:
Construct a hexagon in isometric projection
Exercise:
Axonometric projections volumetric bodies
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, notebook, instruments.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova page 49 table No. 2, §7-8.
Learn:
Rules for constructing axonometric projections. Methods for constructing a volumetric part in isometry.
Be able to:
Construct images in axonometry starting from flat figures lying at the base of the part. Learn to analyze the resulting images.
Review task:
Construct a geometric figure on a horizontal projection plane.
Amount (increase)
Clipping
Reinforcement task
Axonometric projection of a part with cylindrical elements
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 7-8.
Learn:
Rules for constructing a part with a curved surface. The general concept of “axonometry of a part”.
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of the part and the resulting image.
Ellipse –
Oval -
Algorithm for constructing an oval
1. Let's construct an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD
2. Let us denote the points of intersection of the circle and the square 1 2 3 4
3. From the top of the rhombus ( D ) draw a straight line to the point 4 (3). We get the segment D 4, which will be equal to the arc radius R .
4. Let's draw an arc that connects the points 3 And 4 .
5. When crossing a segment AT 2 And AC we get a point O1.
When crossing a line D 4 And AC we get a point O2.
6. From the received centers O1 And O2 let's draw arcs R 1 , which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.
Consolidating new material
! work in the workbook
Exercise:
Make isometric projections of the circle parallel to the frontal and profile projection planes.
Drawing and visual representation of the part
F A4, tools, textbookD/Z:
§12, tracing paper
Learn:
ZUN
Be able to:
Analyze the shape of the part, build 3 types of parts and apply dimensions.
Technical drawing
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova§9, accessories, notebook.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 9
Learn:
Rules for making technical drawings and techniques for making parts.
Be able to:
Perform axonometric projections depicting flat figures. Perform technical drawing.
Technical drawing –
Hatching methods:
Fixing the material
Complete a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are shown in Fig. 62
Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object
Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, colored pencils.D/Z:
Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §12, fA4, colored pencils.
Learn:
Methods for selecting a point on a plane. Principles of constructing edges and faces.
Be able to:
Construct projections of points and faces.
? Problem
What is a rib?
What is the top of an object?
What is the edge of an object?
Projection of a point
Practical work:
Arrange letter designations projections
points on the part drawing, marked in the visual image.
IN)
Graphic work No. 9
Part sketch and technical drawing
D/Z:
Tools, graph paper, fA4, § 18
Learn:
What is a sketch? Sketch rules
Be able to:
Complete the sketch in the required number of types. Draw according to the sketch.
What's calledsketch ?
Fixing the material
Exercise tasks
Applying dimensions taking into account the shape of the object
tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper.D/Z:
Rice. 113 (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9)
Learn:
General rule drawing dimensions on the drawing.
Be able to:
Repetition and consolidation of the material covered.
Oral exercise
Practical work:
Cutouts and slices on geometric bodies
Parts elements
SLOT - a groove in the form of a slot or groove on machine parts. For example, a slot in the head of a screw or screw into which the end of a screwdriver is inserted when screwing it in.
GROOVE - an oblong depression or hole on the surface of a part, limited on the sides by parallel planes.
LYSKA – a flat cut on one or both sides of cylindrical, conical or spherical sections of a part. Flats are designed to grip wrench and etc.
GROWTH - this is an annular groove on the rod, technologically necessary for the exit of a threaded tool during the manufacture of a part or for other purposes.
KEYWAY GROOVE - a slot in the form of a groove, which serves to install a key, which transmits rotation from the shaft to the bushing and vice versa.
CENTER HOLE - an element of a part that serves to reduce its mass, supply lubricant to rubbing surfaces, connect parts, etc. The holes can be through or blind.
CHAMFER – turning a cylindrical edge of a part onto a truncated cone.
Exercise: Instead of numbers, write the names of the part elements
Exercise: Perform an axonometric projection of the part
Practical work No. 7
"Reading Blueprints"
Textbook, notebook, sheet.D/Z:
Graph paper, §17
Learn:
Master the methods of constructing 3 types, analyze the geometric shape of an object, know the names of the elements of a part.
Be able to:
Analyze the drawing, determine dimensions, give an accurate verbal description
Graphic dictation
“Drawing and technical drawing of a part based on a verbal description”
Format (notebook), toolsD/Z:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Rules for sketching
Be able to:
Determine the necessary and sufficient number of types for a given part. Select the main view. Dimension.
Option #1
Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a larger base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole runs vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.
The total height of the part is 30 mm.
The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, length 70 mm, width 50 mm.
The second parallelepiped has a length of 50 mm and a width of 40 mm.
The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, height 10 mm; diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.
Note:
Option No. 2
Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) face of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is a through hole of a prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 65 mm, width 40 mm.
Half-cylinder height 15 mm, baseR 20 mm.
The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.
Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. The hole is located at a distance of 15 mm from the right edge of the support.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 3
Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with its large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole runs along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 65 mm.
The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.
The height of the cone is 50 mm, the lower base is Ǿ 50 mm, the upper base is Ǿ 30 mm.
The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, height 40 mm.
The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 4
Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the lower cylinder is 15 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm.
The base of the second cylinder is Ǿ 45 mm.
Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.
The upper part of the hole is Ǿ 30 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 5
Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 100 mm, width 50 mm.
Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.
Hole diameters are 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 6
Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.
Cube edge 60 mm.
The depth of the semi-conical hole is 35 mm, the upper base is 40 mm, the bottom is 20 mm.
The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 7
Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The cone with its large base is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. In the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped there are two prismatic cutouts. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 15 mm is drilled along the axis of the cone.
The total height of the part is 60 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, length 90 mm, width 55 mm.
The diameters of the cone bases are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).
The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, width 10 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 8
Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the body there are two conical tides. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.
The total height of the part is 59 mm.
The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, length 90 mm, width 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.
The height of the cones is 7 mm, the base is Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Option No. 9
Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axis. A through hole runs along the axis: at the top it is prismatic in shape with a square base, and then cylindrical in shape.
The total height of the part is 50 mm.
The height of the lower cylinder is 10 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm. The diameter of the base of the second cylinder is 30 mm.
The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.
The base side of the prismatic hole is 10 mm.
Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.
Test
Graphic work No. 11
“Drawing and visual representation of the part”
A3 format, toolsD/Z:
Tools, notebook, textbook.
Exercise:
Using the axonometric projection, construct a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1:1. Add dimensions.
Graphic work No. 10
“Sketch of a part with design elements”
tools, textbook, graph paperD/Z:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Sketch rules
Be able to:
Make a sketch and put the dimensions correctly
Exercise:
Draw a drawing of a part from which parts have been removed according to the markings applied. The projection direction for constructing the main view is indicated by an arrow.
Graphic work No. 8
"Part drawing c transforming its form"
tools, fA4, textbook
D/Z:
Tools, graph paper.
Learn:
Be able to:
Execute drawing
General concept of shape transformation. Relationship between drawing and markings
Textbook, notebook, graph paper, suppliesD/Z:
Textbook pic. 151 (get to know each other), fA4
Learn:
Be able to:
Analyze the form. Draw the drawing in orthogonal rectangular projection.
Graphic work
Making a drawing of an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)
Exercise:
Complete the technical drawing of the part, making, instead of the protrusions marked with arrows, notches of the same shape and size in the same place.
Logical thinking task
Subject "Design of drawings"
Subject "Drawing tools and accessories"
Crossword "Projection"
1.The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.
2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.
3. Cube face.
4. The image obtained during projection.
5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120° to each other.
6. In Greek, this word means “double dimension.”
7. Side view of a person or object.
8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.
9. The image on the profile projection plane is a view...
Rebus on the topic "View"
Rebus
Subject "Developments of geometric bodies"
Crossword "Axonometry"
Vertically:
Translated from French as “front view”.
The concept in drawing on which the projection of a point or object is obtained.
The boundary between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.
Geometric body.
Drawing tool.
Translated from Latin, “throw, throw forward.”
Geometric body.
The science of graphic images.
Unit of measurement.
Translated from Greek “double dimension”.
Translated from French as “side view”.
In the drawing, “she” can be thick, thin, wavy, etc.
Technical Dictionary of Drawing
AxonometryAlgorithm
Analysis of the geometric shape of an object
Boss
Shoulder
Shaft
Vertex
View
Main view
Viewadditional
Local view
Screw
Sleeve
Dimensions
screw
Fillet
Geometric body
Horizontal
Ready room
Edge
Dividing a circle
Division of a segment
Diameter
ESKD
Drawing tools
Tracing paper
Pencil
Drawing Layout
Construction
Circuit
Cone
Pattern curves
Circular curves
Pattern
Rulers
Line - leader
Extension line
Transition line
Dimensional line
Solid line
Dashed line
Dashed line
Lyska
Scale
Monge method
Polyhedron
Polygon
Modeling
Main inscription
Applying dimensions
Drawing outline
Break
Oval
Ovoid
Circle
Circlein axonometric projection
Ornament
Axonometric axes
Axis of rotation
Projection axis
Axis of symmetry
Hole
Groove
Keyway
Parallelepiped
Pyramid
Projection plane
Prism
Axonometric projections
Projection
Isometric rectangular projection
Frontal dimetric oblique projection
Projection
Groove
Scan
Size
Overall dimensions
Structural dimensions
Coordinating sizes
Dimensionspart element
Gap
Drawing frame
Edge
Drawingtechnical
Symmetry
Pairing
Standard
Standardization
Arrows
Scheme
Thor
Mating point
Protractor
Squares
Simplifications and conventions
Chamfer
Drawing formats
Frontal
Projection Center
Pairing Center
Cylinder
Compass
Drawing
Working drawing
Drawing
Dimensional number
Reading the drawing
Washer
Ball
Slot
Engraving
Font
Hatching
Hatching in axonometry
Ellipse
Sketch