It is difficult to overestimate the benefits of regular and competent visits to the bathhouse or sauna. Having the opportunity to steam in the confines of your own home is an invaluable opportunity. If you are planning construction, or are already the proud owner of a bathhouse or sauna, then our impressive selection with hundreds of design projects for creating decoration in a steam room may be useful to you.
Choosing a material for finishing a bath or sauna
If we talk about the most common set of rooms inside a bathhouse or sauna, then this list is usually small:
- hallway and dressing room;
- restroom;
- shower room and/or room with swimming pool;
- steam room
Of course, some rooms may be missing or be multifunctional spaces. For example, one room can combine a locker room, a relaxation area and a segment with a shower stall. The more rooms there are in the bathhouse, the more options and methods for creating finishing can be used to create the design that is most suitable for the microclimate of the room. It is important to create not easily reliable protection for surfaces, but also a special atmosphere of rest and relaxation, which is one of the reasons for going to a bathhouse or sauna. So, a bathhouse can have several rooms or just one space, but what remains unchanged is that without a steam room this space loses all meaning. This publication will be devoted to the design of this difficult but very important room.
Considering the special microclimate that prevails in the steam room, the main stage in creating the finishing can be considered the choice of the right material. The facing material must have the following qualities:
- resistance to temperature changes and hot air;
- resistance to high humidity;
- hygiene;
- strength and durability;
- absence of toxic substances released during high temperatures Oh;
- resistance to the formation and spread of fungus;
- excellent aesthetic qualities;
- nice texture.
As a rule, lining is used to finish the surfaces inside the steam room. It is best to choose the following raw materials for this safe and aesthetically attractive material:
- cedar;
- Linden;
- larch.
To cover the surfaces of the dressing room (the room preceding the steam room), you can use pine lining. By combining wood of different shades, you can create some variety in the decoration of a bathhouse or sauna.
Creating flooring in a steam room
The first step in creating the finishing for the steam room and dressing room is the design of the floor covering. For a steam room, it would be best to raise the level of the floors slightly - this measure will help retain heat in small room(protection from drafts). The flooring can be made from the following materials:
- ceramic (porcelain) tiles;
- figurative board;
- tongue and groove board.
Even in steam rooms designed for very high temperatures on the floor surface, it does not rise above 30-35 degrees. Therefore, the rough layer of flooring can be made from:
- concrete;
- clay;
- land.
The main task of the correct floor covering is to ensure safety and quickly remove moisture from the steam room (floors are made with slight slope for quick removal of liquid). Therefore, the rough level of the floor covering must be covered:
- stopper;
- fiber mat;
- tiles;
- boardwalk;
- sanded board.
If you choose the method of arranging a floor covering using wood, then this will not be difficult to do: first, brick columns are laid on the rough level, on which the logs will be located, and the prepared boards are mounted on them.
Considering that the floor in the steam room does not experience serious loads, the size of the logs can be chosen from 20x20 to 25x25 cm in increments close to the meta. For flooring in a bathhouse or sauna, it is better to use a shaped, tongue-and-groove board. It is better to choose boards with a thickness of 30 cm. Absolutely all material for creating finishing in a bathhouse or sauna must be treated with an antiseptic compound before installation to prevent the formation and spread of fungus.
If ceramic tiles are used as the top layer of the floor covering, the sequence of actions will be as follows:
- creating a floor screed, it is necessary to achieve a perfectly flat surface;
- styling floor tiles using special glue;
- treatment of seams with moisture-resistant grout.
Ceramic tiles on the steam room floor are an excellent opportunity to protect the surface from high humidity and temperature changes, as well as create a durable and easy-to-clean coating. But from the point of view of the danger of sliding on the surface, tiles are not the best option for a steam room. Therefore, low panels or wooden grates are usually laid on top of the porcelain stoneware covering, which must be taken out into the fresh air to dry after each visit to the steam room.
Decorating the walls in the steam room using wooden lining
It is not without reason that the most popular material for covering surfaces in steam rooms is lining. With its help, you can not only create a reliable and durable design for a steam room, but also insulate the room. Lining has many advantages:
- environmental friendliness (the material does not emit toxic substances even at very high temperatures);
- excellent ventilation for all other building and finishing materials;
- high aesthetic qualities;
- with the help of such cladding you can hide the architectural imperfections of the room;
- no condensation forms on the surface, which means there is no predisposition to the formation and spread of fungus;
- clapboard cladding is able to “breathe”;
- polished surfaces are pleasant to the touch.
Creating a sheathing
Linden lining has the optimal combination of price and quality. This is the most popular material for finishing steam rooms and dressing rooms in Russian baths and saunas. The algorithm for creating cladding from clapboard is simple. The preparatory stage includes the following actions:
- first it is necessary to adapt the material to the microclimate of the steam room; for this, the lining is brought into the room;
- if the walls of the steam room have differences, then they must be leveled using slats;
- joints and cracks must be caulked;
- installation of the sheathing begins with fastening the sheathing of slats with a pitch of about 50 cm from each other;
- in order to mount the sheathing evenly, it is necessary to attach a thread to the outermost bars, which will serve as a guide for the rest of the products;
- After completing the preparation of the frame, it is coated with an antiseptic
- if the walls are perfectly smooth, then you can do without lathing and fix the finishing material directly to the wall.
Insulation and waterproofing of walls
In parallel with the creation of finishing for the surfaces of a bathhouse or sauna, the issue of insulating the room is also being resolved. In some cases, it makes sense to use mineral insulation, which is placed under the sheathing of wooden slats. But it all depends on the material used to create the load-bearing walls in the building. If the building is made of concrete blocks or stone, then it is better to do without insulation, otherwise you will subsequently have to solve the problem of poor quality and insufficient ventilation.
The second issue, which is resolved together with the implementation of surface finishing, is the creation of waterproofing of the room, because we need to protect all the load-bearing structures of the building. Previously, aluminum foil was the most popular material for waterproofing; these days it has been replaced by a modern analogue - vapor barrier film.
Installation of lining
After completing all preparatory processes, you can begin directly covering the walls and ceiling of the steam room. It is necessary to select fasteners that can withstand high humidity and temperature changes. Ordinary nails will not work - they can rust from moisture and heat up when exposed to high temperatures - touching a wall with hot nail heads can lead to burns.
The lining can be mounted both vertically and horizontally - it all depends on the size of the room and the height of the ceiling. The lining elements are pre-cut to the required lengths and then attached to the prepared sheathing (or directly to the wall, if it has a perfectly flat surface). It is necessary that the lining fits snugly in corner connections. Also, it is necessary to use a building level to create a not only reliable, but also aesthetic finishing steam room rooms.
Laying the lining starts from the corner. Staples and clamps are used as fastening elements. To finish the ceiling, you can use the same material as for cladding the walls. But it is important to understand that the highest temperature in the room will be under the ceiling; it is necessary to use lining made from wood species containing the least amount of resin (drops falling can leave a burn on the body). The covering of surfaces near the stove is usually made of refractory bricks or ceramic tiles.
In custody
All wooden elements intended for use in the steam room (benches, benches, stools, stands, holders) must be properly processed. Careful sanding and treatment with wax mastic will help reduce the swelling of wood from hot and wet steam, the appearance and spread of microorganisms on the surface of furniture and decorative elements.
Sauna and bathhouse are a combination of words reminiscent of a kinder surprise or two in one. There is only one difference.
People who are tired of their whining and are not liked are sent to the bathhouse, and those who are liked and pleasant are invited to the sauna. There is some truth in the joke, although it is difficult not to agree that the bathhouse and sauna are healing remedies that have been proven over centuries, delivering true and unique pleasure to the soul and body.
Why has the construction and finishing of saunas on private plots and even in apartments of multi-storey buildings become popular and relevant? Why for many who want to buy finished buildings and viewing photo and video offers in printed publications and on the Internet, the presence of a sauna or bathhouse is a decisive factor in the decision.
A sauna can be installed in any apartment - in Stalinist, Khrushchev and later buildings, not to mention your own home. The minimum required area of a sauna designed for two people is 1.5-2 m².
Measure your bathroom and make sure it can easily fit into a standard room. There are two alternatives for finishing the sauna in a house or apartment with your own hands or a team of specialists.
During construction new apartment or at home, it is possible to immediately decide on the place where the sauna will be located. The difficulty arises where the bathroom has already been renovated some distant years and the walls are tiled.
You shouldn’t be upset, because there are instructions for performing work in a small room:
- Need naked concrete walls, so tiles and old trim are completely removed.
- The sauna floor can be made of planks, but this option is more applicable in your own home. In the bathroom it is preferable to lay it out tiles.
Attention: Tiled floors are laid before the construction or decoration of walls, before, and not after.
Cost estimate for a sauna set
The question always comes down to the cost of construction, repairs, alterations, and restoration. A simple list of necessary materials for arranging a small sauna on an area of 1.5 x 2 m² will allow you to get a clear picture; if you have a large surface, then the calculations are not difficult to do yourself.
So:
- Finishing the inside of a sauna begins with the purchase of a fire-retardant board or panel for shielding the stoves of saunas, baths, and fireplaces. The fastening is carried out in close proximity to the fuel elements.
The stove belongs to fireproof materials with an operating temperature range of 80-150ᵒС and a maximum temperature of 400ᵒС. When heated, it does not emit toxic or harmful components; environmentally friendly components are used for production, which include fiber cement, lime filler, reinforced with cellulose fiber.
The material is not susceptible to fungal diseases and mold. When moisture gets in, the strength does not decrease and the size of the panel does not change, which allows them to be installed end-to-end.
The cost depends on the manufacturers and quality, starting from 700 rubles. - Finishing a sauna and bathhouse is not complete without foil, there is no need to list its properties, they are known to everyone, it will cost 1150 rubles for a sauna.
- Mineral wool is one of the cheapest materials - 1,700 rubles.
- Heat-resistant cable, primer and diffuser another 1000 rubles.
- The most expensive items in the estimate are an electric furnace from 14,000, lining 7,000, and the purchase of a door 7,000 rubles.
- The rest of the purchases - lamp, lampshade, ladle, thermometer, hygrometer, lounger mat - will fit into 4000-5000 rubles
You can make simple mathematical calculations and determine the cost of a small sauna, which will cost 37,000-40,000 rubles, provided self-execution works Contact a specialized team of craftsmen and the price will increase by the amount paid for the work performed.
Installation of a sauna in a bath
The steam room can be located anywhere indoors, where it is dry and there are no drafts, in an apartment it is a bathroom, in a private house it can be an extension or a separate room.
So:
- Before starting the main work on arranging the sauna, the interior finishing is done, and in order to avoid fire hazards, a copper cable is laid.
- The walls are completely treated with the proposed anti-fungal disinfectants.
- A frame made of wooden slats is attached to the concrete walls and ceiling, which forms the basis of the future sauna.
- Mineral wool is placed on the frame, acting as insulation, and covered with foil on top, which serves as a heat reflector.
- The ceiling and walls of the sauna are covered with clapboard.
This is the algorithm for constructing a sauna in brief.
What you need to pay attention to when performing this work:
- The sufficient height of the frame is 2 meters.
- The frame bars are pressed well against the wall, and they are tied at five levels.
- The markings are made on foil, where 5 horizontal lines are marked with chalk.
- The first line is located at a height of 3 cm from the floor, the second - 60 cm, the third 100 cm. The fifth line is measured from above, 5 cm from the ceiling, and the fourth will be the middle between the third and fifth.
- The frame is attached through pre-made special holes, strictly along the lines through the insulation.
- The pitch between the holes is 50-70 cm, the holes are plugged with wooden plugs and nylon dowels.
It is known that the interior decoration of a sauna cannot do without the heart of the room, an electric stove. The stove is installed on the wall to save space.
Attention: The oven must be factory-made and must have an automatic shut-off.
The sauna door always opens outward and should not have any latches or locks. It can be made from special tempered glass, looks very stylish and luxurious.
Dry steam in a sauna gives very low humidity, however, there is a lot of moisture there, so ventilation should be in order. The role of the supply vent can be played by the gap under the door, but the exhaust vent is mounted in the corner farthest from the stove.
The lighting in the sauna is done in such a way that moisture cannot penetrate to the source of electricity. Lamps must be resistant to high temperature and humidity, they are covered with special caps or lampshades, and are not mounted on the ceiling, but mounted in the walls. It is prohibited to install the lamp directly above the heater.
All that remains is to arrange the bath accessories in their places and the sauna in the apartment is ready.
Building a bathhouse is only half the job. After construction is completed, it is necessary to begin finishing. Interior decoration performs not only an aesthetic function. It includes a whole range of functions to protect walls, floors, and ceilings. It is also necessary to make bath furniture to complete the interior of the room. You can invite a team of specialists to carry out the work. However, if you have the desire and some knowledge in this area, you can do everything yourself. In the article we will tell you how to make the interior decoration of a bathhouse with your own hands, show photos and video instructions.
Interior decoration begins with the choice of material. Most often wood is used for this. But not everyone wood material will do. This is especially true if we are talking about a steam room, where there will always be high temperatures and high humidity.
Some materials emit substances hazardous to health at high temperatures.
- Pine. Pine wood releases resins at high temperatures. These substances can be hazardous to the health of people who take steam baths. Therefore, under no circumstances should you use pine boards.
- Fiberboard and chipboard. These materials release toxins and can cause poisoning. In addition, they swell.
- Linoleum. It is not used for the same reason. It releases harmful substances, rots and collapses.
What cannot be used in the steam room is perfect for the dressing room and rest room. It is best to decorate the dressing room with pine. Wood will add a pleasant aroma to the room and give you the opportunity to enjoy a real Russian bathhouse.
Lining made of linden and larch is best suited for finishing a steam room.
It is better to use larch for the steam room. This is a very durable material that will serve long years. It is not destroyed by high temperatures and humidity. Another a good option for the steam room - linden.
It is better to use wood in the form of lining. The panels are easy to install, “breathe”, and can be simply replaced. Lining is an ideal finishing material, especially considering that there will be a heat-insulating layer under the finishing.
Finishing process
Before you do the interior decoration of the bathhouse, you need to understand the intricacies of the process. Wood finishing and brick bath produced almost identically.
Work starts from the bottom up: from the floor to the ceiling.
- First the floor is laid. It is not recommended to use oak boards here; they slip a lot. It's better to apply edged board larches. It is better to raise the floor in the steam room by ten centimeters to ensure heat retention.
- The shelf must be raised above the oven level by 10-15 cm.
- After this you need to sheathe the walls. The lining is installed on the sheathing.
- When the walls are decorated, you can start working on the ceiling.
- The finishing is complete, now we need to start installing various equipment and furniture for the bathhouse. All this can be bought.
Advantages
Linden lining is a fairly expensive material. However, it is the best choice for finishing the steam room. Linden lining has a number of advantages, it:
- resistant to moisture and temperatures;
- "breathes";
- looks aesthetically pleasing;
- durable;
- smells nice.
Lining
- Before starting work, the surfaces must be carefully leveled. If they are uneven, the lining will turn out to be “waves”.
- The material must be brought and left for one or two days to adapt to the microclimate.
- The work begins with the installation of slatted sheathing. To do this, you will need slats, which must be installed at a distance of 70 cm from each other. The outermost slats are attached first. The work uses a plumb line and level. Self-tapping screws must be galvanized or stainless, because ordinary ones will very quickly collapse from corrosion. If the walls in the room are perfectly smooth, then you can try installing lining without sheathing. It is attached with screws or special brackets directly to the wall. However, if there is no confidence in the evenness of the walls, then it is better not to risk it.
- After installing the sheathing, you can begin installing the lining. This is a very simple process, even a beginner can do it. The work is carried out using fasteners that are resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. This is the most easy way for novice craftsmen who are interested in how to decorate the inside of a bathhouse without special knowledge.
The need for vapor barrier
A bathhouse is a place where there is always high humidity. However, a number of materials are well ventilated. The question naturally arises: is it necessary to install a vapor barrier here? It all depends on what materials were used in the construction of the structure and in its finishing.
If the lining is installed, and the bathhouse itself is wooden, then the vapor barrier may be unnecessary. The walls already “breathe” perfectly. IN brick structures You will most likely have to install a vapor barrier. However, if the design provides good ventilation, you can do without it. The issue of installing a vapor barrier is individual, and only a specialist can solve it.
Tile
Tiles - inexpensive and practical material. True, it is better not to use it in the steam room, but in the washing room and dressing room it will be just right. This material does not need to be replaced for a long period of time. The tile is not destroyed by moisture and high temperatures, it does not rot and does not require maintenance.
There are several varieties of bath tiles, but there are two main types.
- Glazed (enameled).
- Non-enamelled.
For a bath, the ideal choice would be a glazed type of tile. This material is the most resistant to various influences. Non-enamelled tiles do not tolerate temperature changes that occur constantly in a bathhouse.
When choosing tiles, it is better to choose those samples that have a rough surface. This will prevent slips and falls.
When leaning on a wall, it is better to be sure that it will not cause you to slip. Therefore, not only the tiles on the floor should be rough, but also the tiles on the walls.
You also need to pay attention to what kind of base the tiles have. It's better if it's smooth. A porous base can cause the spread of fungus.
As for the shape, the tiles are produced both traditionally in squares and rectangles, and in stars. Found among varieties and complex designs. For a beginner, it is better to take rectangular tiles, as they are very easy to install.
When purchasing, you need to know exactly how much material is needed. In this case, you need to buy 5-10% more tiles than required. After all, this is a very brittle material.
- First, the tiles are soaked in water for several minutes. This technique will save the craftsman a decent amount of glue. The fact is that dry tiles will absorb glue, but wet tiles will not.
- Laying tiles begins from the most visible corner in the room. In order to determine it, you need to look at the interior of the bathhouse from the entrance.
- Tile adhesive is applied to the surface. After the tile is placed in place, you need to hammer its edges with a mallet. To apply the glue you will need a special comb spatula.
- Separator crosses must be installed between the tiles.
- When the glue is completely dry, all that remains is to rub the seams.
The tiles look great both on the floor and on the walls. The tiled mosaic looks especially beautiful. In some cases, the tiles need to be cut. It's not very difficult if you have a cutting tool. After completing the work, all that remains is to choose furniture for the bathhouse.
The article will be useful to those who plan to independently complete the interior decoration of bath rooms. Detailed step by step instructions with photos will help to produce cladding and cladding with high quality and in compliance with construction technologies.
A classic Russian bathhouse necessarily contains such rooms as:
- steam room;
- washing;
- vestibule (locker room).
If the area allows, modern buildings will be equipped with a separate recreation room, a billiard room, a swimming pool, a veranda, a barbecue area and even a full kitchen.
Despite fashion trends, the basic requirements for the bath remain unchanged:
- the steam room requires persistent hot steam,
- in the washing room there are non-slip floors and the possibility of convenient bathing procedures,
- In general, the premises have a comfortable microclimate and an aesthetically pleasing environment.
The functionality of bath rooms largely depends on the correct finishing. Even if your structure is built from rounded logs, and the walls from the inside look beautiful and aesthetically pleasing, it is recommended to carry out interior finishing of the bathhouse, as this will significantly extend its service life.
Each room has a number of features that must be taken into account when choosing materials and cladding methods.
Steam room
When decorating a steam room, the following nuances must be taken into account:
- sudden temperature changes, the upper limit of which can reach 120˚C;
- the presence of hot steam emitted in a powerful and concentrated stream;
- high humidity.
A universal cladding option for a steam room is a cladding board, which must have the following properties:
- do not absorb moisture;
- have a low heat capacity, therefore, do not heat up from high temperatures and contribute to the rapid heating of the steam room;
- have a pleasant color and smell, and do not release resin when heated;
- protect walls from rot and mold, help purify the air.
Of all the variety of linings, panels made of linden, aspen, cedar or African abashi wood are suitable for use in a steam room. When choosing a cladding material, pay attention to the quality of the wood - well-dried and hewn, without knots or nicks on the surface, it will serve reliably for many years.
The lining in the steam room is not treated with varnish, paint or antiseptic. These substances are toxic and, when heated, can negate all the benefits of bath procedures.
Before covering The cheapest material for these purposes is mineral wool, which is what is most often used for finishing. Often used insulation such as basalt wool. It is more durable, as it is not subject to damage from high temperatures. However, cork agglomerate is considered the best insulation for baths. It is anti-allergenic, not susceptible to rotting, burning and fungus.
The floor in the steam room is made warm, non-slippery and pleasant for walking with bare feet.
Prices for lining
Video - Interior of the steam room
Wash room
IN washing department Usually they not only rinse the body, here you can relax after a hot steam room, have a relaxing massage, apply products to care for your face, body or hair. The convenience of the premises for carrying out various procedures must be taken care of already at the stage of construction and subsequent finishing.
The washing area is lined either ceramic tiles, or a tree. Moreover, if deciduous varieties of lining were used in the steam room, then in the washing room they give preference to coniferous species - larch, spruce or pine. The resin they contain has moisture-repellent properties and protects materials from rotting.
Particular attention is paid to the floor; it should not be slippery or cold. It is preferable to fill the base in the washing room with concrete, on which tiles are laid. Although it is also possible wooden version floor.
To prevent slipping on a wet surface, it is recommended to install removable flooring on the tiles. wooden joists. They should be dried after completing the bath procedures.
Wood flooring on tiled floor- photo
Tambour, locker room, rest room
Along with the washing room and steam room, high air humidity is maintained in the remaining bath rooms. Here you can use both deciduous and conifers wood for finishing. The following materials are also used:
The combination is common in such rooms various types finishing, for example, wooden lining, tiles and natural stone.
Prices for porcelain tiles
porcelain tiles
Video - Shower and relaxation room in a bathhouse made of thermoolha
Ceiling decoration in the bathhouse
During operation, the ceiling is exposed to the aggressive effects of hot steam and high humidity. It is important to protect the floors with vapor and heat insulation to prevent damage to the materials. Aluminum foil or a construction membrane is often used for these purposes. They are equally effective at ensuring they are sealed.
For vapor barrier, do not use foil with cotton wool glued on it. It is much thinner and less convenient when carrying out cladding work. Also, do not use foil with polypropylene foam attached. It is toxic when heated, so it is not suitable for use in bath rooms.
It is important to carefully seal all joints with aluminum tape. If during the process of attaching the material you inadvertently damaged it, immediately seal this place, then you may forget to do this and the vapor barrier will be damaged.
In the steam room you need to lay out a hole for the pipe. It is equipped with a box made of thin sheet of stainless steel, which is filled with expanded clay.
The ceiling above the stove is additionally insulated steel sheet, which protects the wood from excessive heat.
Step-by-step instructions for installing lining on the ceiling
Step 1. Slats with a cross-section of 2*4 cm are sewn onto the ceiling with a lathing pitch of 40-45 cm. In the places where the frame is attached, it is necessary to provide gaps for ventilation of at least 10 mm.
Step 2. The slats are placed horizontally on the walls, the direction is perpendicular to the lining.
Step 3. Wooden panels begin to be attached from one of the walls. The groove of the first plank is directed outward and the tenon of the next one is driven into it. It can be the other way around, there is no fundamental difference.
On a note! When installing, use pads and a mallet to avoid damaging the material.
Step 4. The planks can be fixed with special clamps; they are attached to the rail with nails or screws. But the simplest and most convenient way is to use a construction stapler. It reliably fixes the lining and significantly reduces installation time.
Step 5. Gaps from the walls of 2-2.5 cm are left on the sides. This provides additional ventilation and prevents deformation of the finishing material. The gaps are subsequently hidden by the baseboard.
The first and final panels are nailed with nails with a small head. They are hammered at an angle, the head is completely driven into the wood using a hammer.
It is important to ensure the verticality of the slats, which is checked after installing each panel using a level. Instead, you can use a simple construction meter. IN in this case you measure the distance from the wall to the edge installed panels on one side and the other.
If there is a discrepancy in measurements, the lining is carefully tapped to the required level. To do this, use a small piece of the same panel, which is inserted into the groove and a mallet (or hammer).
The panels are also trimmed in the following way: a wooden overlay is fixed, under which a pointed sliver is carefully hammered.
The walls in the steam room are decorated with wood. In other rooms you can use tiles or stone.
Wall decoration with clapboard
Basic installation equipment wood panels on walls is no different from attaching them to the ceiling.
Step 1. We fill it horizontally along the entire perimeter thick timber– every 80-100 cm.
Step 2. We install mineral wool insulation. We cut the insulation to the required sizes with a sharp knife. We lay it between the beams without compacting it.
Step 3. We lay a vapor barrier and carefully seal all joints with aluminum tape.
Note! Carefully monitor the quality of insulation in the corners.
Step 4. To provide ventilation gap, fill the remote rail. Sheathing is always performed at an angle of 90 degrees to the lining strips. Thus, if you plan to place the panels vertically, the sheathing is nailed horizontally.
First, frame vertical slats are installed at the corners of the wall, the accuracy of their fastening is controlled by a plumb line. To evenly arrange the horizontal slats, you can pull the cords at the top and bottom of the frame slats, that is, near the floor and above the ceiling.
The next strip is inserted after 40-50 cm, and then the remaining strips are attached around the perimeter, with the same step. Constantly check the evenness of the installation with a level or plumb line.
Step 5. Doors and windows are lined with separate bars.
Step 6. Let's start attaching the panels.
When covering walls in bath rooms, it is recommended to mount the lining vertically, starting from one of the corners. This will ensure that moisture quickly drains onto the floor, without trapping it in the grooves of the panels.
If you decide to do horizontal finishing, then lay the boards with the tongue facing up so that moisture does not accumulate in the grooves. With this option, start fastening the boards from the ceiling, and not from the floor. The lathing is nailed vertically.
Wooden panels are fastened using clamps, regular nails, or a construction stapler. When using nails or self-tapping screws, they should be inserted at an angle of 45 degrees, with the head completely buried in the wood.
Be sure to leave 2-3 cm gaps when attaching the lining from the ceiling and floor for ventilation.
Often the lining has to be trimmed. For these purposes, use a saw with small teeth or an electric jigsaw.
Before attaching the last rail, it is trimmed to the right size and attached to the sheathing. On the first panel next wall cut off the ridge and install it flush against the last batten of the first wall. Corner trimming requires special precision. The main thing here is to determine the required angle and draw a cut line before sawing. Adjacent angles The panels should fit end to end, without gaps.
Prices for vapor barrier
vapor barrier
Video - Finishing a bathhouse with clapboard
Insulating the oven from the wall
Special attention must be paid to insulating the stove from the wall. For these purposes, you can use one of the following options:
- stainless steel - attached directly to the wall behind the stove;
- mineralite - heat-resistant boards made in Finland, consisting of cement, mineral fillers and reinforcing fiber. 2 sheets are attached if the stove is located in close proximity to the wall. When the stove is located at a distance of more than 40 cm, it is sufficient to use one sheet of mineralite.;
- heat-resistant kaolin clay tiles, for example from Russian company"Terracotta";
- profile iron is the most cost-effective insulation option;
- red solid brick– laid out between the wall and the stove to the base of the pipe. If desired, you can insulate the entire space up to the ceiling.
Minerite prices
Wall tiling
Often the walls in the washing department or in rest rooms are finished with moisture-resistant ceramic tiles. It is made from environmentally friendly, non-toxic materials that are safe for health when heated, do not absorb moisture and give a beautiful and modern look room.
Step-by-step instructions for laying tiles on walls in a bath include preparatory stage and cladding.
1) Preparation
If the walls are brick or cinder block, then they are cleaned of dirt and dust, rough plastering is done, and unevenness is leveled with mortar.
Wooden walls cover waterproofing material- roofing felt or roofing felt. It is nailed down with a construction stapler, and a fine mesh net is sewn on top. Finishing preparatory work applying cement mortar, which completely covers the metal mesh.
A perfectly flat wooden beam is nailed at floor level, from which it will begin fine finishing. You can use a metal UD profile, which is mounted level along the wall.
To control vertical rows, use a regular plumb line or laser level.
2) Laying tiles
To attach the tiles, you can use either a self-prepared solution of cement and sand (in a ratio of 1/5) or ready-made glue. It is more convenient to use industrial glue intended for baths; it can withstand large temperature changes and high humidity.
Before starting work, the tiles are immersed in a container of water and left until all the air comes out of it. This will provide better adhesion to the solution.
Start facing from below, from the attached level.
It is important to lay out the first row perfectly evenly, since the quality of all subsequent cladding will depend on it.
Using a notched trowel, apply the adhesive to the back of the tile or directly to the wall. The tile is pressed against the wall, the glue should protrude slightly beyond its edges. To ensure that the square sits perfectly straight, align it with a rubber hammer.
Keep an eye on the gap between the rows of tiles; it should be the same along the entire length and height. To do this, when adjacent rows are laid out, plastic crosses are placed in the gaps in the corners of the tiles.
After 2 days the glue will dry completely and you can remove the level.
The gaps between the rows are filled with grout, which matches the color of the cladding. It dries in 11-12 hours.
The final stage is cleaning the walls from grout residues and other contaminants. The tiles are thoroughly washed and wiped dry.
Tiles create a lot of space for creative expression. It can be laid out in even rows, offset or diagonally. For beginners, the simplest and fastest option is recommended, when the squares are located exactly on top of each other.
The running drawing looks like this.
Laying tiles in a “running start”
Facing diagonally.
To create complex tile combinations various colors, it is recommended to first lay out the drawing on the floor, then mark the diagram on the wall, and only then proceed with finishing.
Prices for heat-resistant tile adhesive
heat resistant tile adhesive
Video - The principle of laying tiles
Wall cladding with terracotta flagstone
Heat-resistant terracotta tiles are a popular solution in bath rooms. It is moisture resistant and durable, withstands high temperatures and allows you to create original and beautiful design walls
The technology for laying it is somewhat different from facing conventional thin ceramic tiles. Terracotta is a heavier material and requires special glue or mastic.
Below are step-by-step instructions for tiling with terracotta flagstone.
- Apply mastic to the flagstone in a thick, thick layer. More adhesive is required than when laying lighter tiles.
- Press it against the wall and level it.
- We install the remaining slabs.
- For even joints, we lay pieces of drywall between the slabs.
- When laying parallel rows, do not forget to check the horizon with a level.
- After 10 hours, the seams can be filled. To do this, we use a special wide-joint heat-resistant grout. We dilute it with water and beat with a construction mixer until it has a homogeneous consistency. Properly prepared mass resembles thick sour cream.
- We free the structure from the plasterboard squares.
- Fill a construction gun with grout. We cut the nose of the gun at an angle of 60 degrees, the hole should be 8-10 mm.
- Fill the gaps between the slabs with grout. The squeezed-out mass should not go beyond the level of the cladding, nor should it fall on the front side of the slabs.
Be careful when handling the gun. If the mastic does get on decorative surface, do not try to wipe it off right away. Wait 2 hours, then scrape off the dried compound without rubbing it.
- The grout is distributed along the seam in any direction convenient for you. You can first go through the horizontal joints, then along the vertical ones, or vice versa.
- After 2 hours we begin decorative stitching. This will give a finished, finished look to the cladding.
- For jointing, you can use a simple screwdriver with a working surface width of 7-8 mm or a rigid wire ring.
- Finally, put on clean gloves and run your index finger along all the seams.
Bathroom floor finishing
If the floor is made of wood, then it does not require any additional finishing.
Start facing from the corner. Unlike wall decoration, an ideal horizon is not created on the floor, i.e. the tile is located at a slight slope towards the drain hole.
Before applying the solution, mark the location of the squares on the floor using a level.
- Cement mortar is poured onto the concrete.
- Level with a spatula.
- The surface is covered according to the size of the tile; in this case, two rows are laid out simultaneously.
- The serrated side of the spatula creates a pattern on the mortar for better adhesion of the cladding surface.
- Lay out rows of tiles. Using a rubber hammer and level, set the desired slope and level it. Please note that for the first row, the tiles do not need to be pre-immersed in water. The rest of the base is covered with soaked cladding.
Photo - laying tiles on the floor
- In the corners, the tiles are cut to the required dimensions. To do this, marks are made on the tiles and followed by a tile cutter.
- Identical plastic crosses are inserted into the gaps.
- After a couple of days, the seams can be filled with grout.
On independent finishing Baths take a lot of effort and time. It is necessary to solve a number of important problems - what material to choose, how to attach it correctly, how to ensure safety during operation and create a cozy and harmonious atmosphere in the premises. The recommendations and step-by-step instructions given in the article will help you cope with the task and, after completing all the work, enjoy a good and complete rest during bath procedures.
Tile on the floor - photo
Video - How to lay tiles on a wooden floor in a bathhouse
Regular visits to the sauna bring a boost of vigor and health. Increasingly, owners of personal plots take into account the construction of a sauna or bathhouse when planning the area. The size of this structure depends on the desires and capabilities of the owner. Apartment saunas occupy a minimum of space; country saunas can be located on two floors with a terrace. Let's consider various options for arranging a home sauna.
photos
Peculiarities
The dry steam of the sauna heats up to 100-110 degrees Celsius; staying there for a long time is contraindicated, so long breaks of 25-30 minutes are required between entering the steam room. To follow all recommendations for taking a sauna, the following premises are required: a steam room, a shower or a swimming pool and a relaxation room. Each of these rooms has its own finishing features. The size of these rooms may also vary. The location of the sauna in the form of a separate building or cabin in a city apartment affects the choice of design.
A sauna in a city apartment is a miniature steam room, made according to all the canons of a steam room, but heated by electricity. There is no need to install a chimney here; the entire room is occupied only by benches. A shower bar is located in close proximity. The entire complex occupies no more than a couple of meters of space. The material for finishing the sauna in the apartment is chosen to be lightweight so that the load on the supporting structures of the house does not change. High demands are placed on environmental performance - in a small area it is easier to afford finishing with linden or cedar, which are considered the best varieties wood for saunas.
A sauna in a separate building made of brick, aerated concrete or logs or built into a private mansion allows you to equip a complex of spacious rooms. The choice of finishing materials is expanding, as for separate bathhouse We make our own calculations of load-bearing structures, taking into account the finishing. The room contains a stove with a chimney running on solid fuel or gas, which is an element general design. A shower room or a swimming pool also affects the visual perception of the property. The rest room is furnished with furniture, sofas, armchairs, massage table or accessories for cosmetic procedures.
Each of these rooms must have its own temperature and humidity conditions. This should be taken into account when selecting finishes. There are options uniform design the entire complex with the same finishing material, for example, tiles. It is better to choose the covering of walls, floors and ceilings in different functional areas according to technical parameters, but in the same style direction.
The internal lining must be resistant to high humidity, be non-flammable and not emit harmful compounds at high temperatures. Materials for a sauna are preferred to be durable, have good performance, easy to clean, and have a high level of hygiene.
The finish should be non-slip, without sharp protrusions, with a pleasant texture. Great importance is attached to aesthetic qualities.
When arranging a sauna, compliance with the rules comes first fire safety. Hot parts of the stove and chimney should not come into contact with wood trim. Combinations of wood and brick or ceramic tiles are used here. Stainless steel linings or decorative stone. The insulation should be 50 centimeters above the stove body, and the chimney pipe should be covered with expanded clay in the ceiling.
All sauna rooms are equipped ventilation systems to provide access to fresh air and remove excess moisture. It is advisable to use dim lighting for better relaxation, but sufficient for good visibility. High temperatures cause a person’s consciousness to slow down and become unfocused, so moving around the room should be comfortable. The active movement area is not cluttered, leaving enough space for bath procedures.
Varnishing or painting surfaces in the steam room is not allowed due to harmful emissions from hot air. Wooden parts treated with oil or wax and special compounds against rotting and mold. Decoration Materials Light colors are preferable, as this visually enlarges the space and adds light. The glazing looks beautiful. The decor of the steam room is minimal, but the relaxation room is decorated with artistic accessories according to the chosen style.
Materials
The traditional material for finishing a sauna made of timber is natural wood. It is resistant to high temperatures and does not burn when touched, which is important for arranging benches in a steam room. Has moisture-resistant flexibility. The elastic structure of wood does not deform from exposure to moisture. This material environmentally friendly, and when heated, it releases healing essential oils.
The beautiful structure of wood fibers has high aesthetic qualities. In first place in terms of performance properties, the beauty of light pinkish wood without knots, with smooth surface there is an African oak - abash. This is a fairly expensive and valuable type of wood. A sauna made of abasha will last for many years with this durable, crack-free, moisture-resistant coating. Due to its high cost, abash can be used to make beds and benches in the steam room, and the rest of the cladding can be made from other types of wood of an affordable price category.
Popular finishing materials are hardwood lumber - linden, alder, aspen. In addition to the aesthetic appearance and pleasant color of the wood, these tree species have healing properties. When heated, healing essential oils are released. Hardwood is heat-resistant, does not form cracks, and is moisture resistant. The price range belongs to the middle segment.
The optimal species for finishing a sauna are cedar and larch. Durable, with beautiful design Cedar and larch wood fibers do not require additional decor. High resistance to moisture and heat resistance make them indispensable for the steam room of a sauna. By healing properties essential oils are not inferior to linden. If all the above-mentioned wood species are used for cladding walls and ceilings, then larch is also suitable for flooring as the most durable moisture-resistant material.
Pine is the most available material on the domestic market, has little resistance to moisture. When heated, resins form unsightly streaks on the surface of the wood. This material is best used in the design of a rest room. Wooden finishing materials are produced in the form of lining with various profiles.
Cladding the walls and ceiling with a block house is an excellent imitation of a log house made from solid logs. For benches and canopies, use an edged board with a thickness of at least 4 centimeters with a rectangular profile. The ceiling is covered with clapboard with a rectangular or cylindrical profile. The floor is made of tongue and groove boards.
Facing a natural stone or brick will add solidity to the sauna. The combination of stone and wood is considered classic. The stove-heater and some walls of the steam and washing compartments, made of stone or brick, have a noble appearance. Stone is the most durable material, it does not burn, does not deform from water. Can be used for a rest room fake diamond, according to its aesthetic qualities and operational characteristics it is not inferior to its natural analogue, and sometimes surpasses it.
Not all types of stone are suitable for a steam room, only jadeite, soapstone, and coil are preferred. This type of finish perfectly accumulates heat and retains optimal heat for a long time. temperature regime in the steam room. The beautiful grainy texture of the stone will decorate the walls of the room. The coil has high aesthetic qualities; its layered structure has healing properties.
The organization of lighting will add refined features interior saunas.
Practical finish sauna walls and floors with ceramic tiles – good decision for shower and swimming pool. The tiles resist moisture well and have good fire-resistant properties. This is the most convenient and hygienic material. Variety of tile decor, size, color palette, special anti-slip textures allow you to choose the desired design option. Imitation of luxury marble, granite or oriental mosaic details will add a stylish touch to the sauna.
A budget option finishing – plastic panels. They are distinguished by ease of installation and variety of designs. Plastic resists moisture well. It is easy to keep clean, just wash it with regular detergents. The disadvantage is low heat resistance, susceptibility to mold and short service life in high humidity conditions. Plastic trim used for the rest room and ceiling in the shower.
Style and design
The design and choice of finishing materials depends on the overall design of the sauna. Small steam rooms should be styled in one key. Today, a dry steam room is becoming a necessity in the intense rhythm of city life. Modern technologies make it possible to install a sauna in a city apartment. It becomes part of a small space with the help of glass partitions and elements of the overall design of the living room in a minimalist style.
Miniature sauna cabins are often placed in the bathroom, then its design is selected accordingly. The Scandinavian style of the entire room is perfectly suited for a sauna decorated with natural wood. The light tone of the walls and white plumbing harmoniously combine with the yellowish color of the wood. Lightweight glass shower structures do not clutter up the room and make bathing procedures convenient. A plain floor made of large porcelain tiles unifies the space, big windows allow you to admire nature and create a bright, pleasant interior.
The open space of the loft is not divided into separate rooms. Glass partitions conditionally separate the sauna, bathroom and bedroom. The technology of all components and ultra-modern equipment give futuristic features to the entire interior. The sauna, located at the back of the room, becomes an element of the decor. This emphasizes its convenience for regular use.
With all the advantages of an apartment sauna, nothing compares to a bathhouse in a country house. Here you can give free rein to your imagination and decorate the house to your liking. A small bathhouse made of round logs is designed in a traditional rural style. Small windows with wooden platbands, a wide solid table top and a brick stove will add rural charm. To create dry steam, the steam room is insulated with durable wooden door, the washing room occupies the middle room, entrance area forms a locker room combined with a rest room.
The furnishings in the rest room are stylized as rustic - stable benches, a table with a samovar, and a chest are installed. The walls are decorated with peasant household items. Brooms on the walls, wooden buckets in the washroom, simple lamps with light bulbs in the yellow part of the spectrum. Unique traditions national culture are manifested in the deliberate roughness of finishing materials; modern technological equipment is hidden behind traditional rural decor.
Inside
Spacious saunas in a private house have several rooms, each of which can be decorated in a specific style. The steam room inside can be decorated in high-tech style. LED colored lighting will give the interior a futuristic feel. The smooth lines of the benches model the space in an unusual way. The simplicity of the decor is compensated by the concept of lighting and curved walls.
Restroom
In terms of its functions, the relaxation room can serve as a regular locker room or a place for drinking tea after bath procedures. Modern comfortable lounges are decorated like living rooms and are complemented by a cooking area, TV, and billiard table. Finishing materials here are not exposed to intense moisture or heat, but still must be hygienic, easy to care for, and have good decorative qualities. In between visits to the steam room, most of the time is spent in the relaxation room. It should be pleasant to be here, so the walls and windows are decorated in a certain style.
A popular finishing option is chalet style. The rest room should have large windows with a beautiful landscape. The walls are lined with materials from natural wood or they are plastered and painted in a single light color, decorated with hunting trophies or paintings with hunting scenes. The floor is made of tongue and groove boards or ceramic granite tiles. The firebox of the stove is designed in the form of a fireplace and leads into the rest room.
The use of color to highlight looks beautiful structural elements V Scandinavian style. The lighting beautifully models the space. Wooden elements Wall cladding is combined with stone, which gives solidity to the room. The live fire of the stove becomes an attractive center of relaxation. The floor needs finishing granite tiles, which repeats the colors and texture of the wall finishing stone.
Shower room
The shower room is the most vulnerable room in terms of moisture resistance, so the use of tiles, stone, glass, and metal would be optimal here. Pool shower equipment has become popular. It is traditionally finished with tiles. In the shower room, lighting plays an important role in decorating the space. Soft light on multi-level ceiling imitates the reflection of water, creating the effect of depth.
