Ticket No. 1
ANSWER:
IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE STATE STANDARD
To make the drawing more expressive and easier to read, it is made using different lines, the outline and purpose of which are established for all branches of industry and construction state standard.
When making drawings, lines of various thicknesses and styles are used. Each of them has its own purpose.
GOST 2303-80 establishes the outlines and main purposes of lines on drawings of all industries.
1. Solid thick - main line performed with a thickness designated by the letter S, ranging from 0.5 to 1.4 mm, depending on the complexity and size of the image in a given drawing, as well as on the format of the drawing. A solid thick line is used to depict the visible outline of an object. The selected thickness of the S line should be the same in this drawing.
2. Solid thin line used to display dimension and extension lines, hatching sections, contour lines of an overlaid section, and leader lines. The thickness of solid thin lines is taken to be 2-3 times thinner than the main lines.
3. Dashed line used to depict an invisible outline. The length of the strokes should be the same, from 2 to 8 mm. The distance between the strokes is taken from 1 to 2 mm. The thickness of the dashed line is 2-3 times thinner than the main line.
4. Dot-dash thin line used to depict axial and center lines, section lines, which are axes of symmetry for superimposed or offset sections. The length of the strokes must be the same and is selected depending on the size of the image from 5 to 30 mm. The distance between strokes is from 2 to 3 mm. The thickness of the dash-dotted line is from S/3 to S/2. The axial and center lines should protrude beyond the outline of the image by 2-5 mm and end with a stroke, not a dot.
5. Dot-dash with two dots thin line used to depict the fold line on developments. The length of the strokes is from 5 to 30 mm, and the distance between the strokes is from 4 to 6 mm. The thickness of this line is the same as that of a thin dash-dotted line, that is, from S/3 to S/2 mm.
6. Open line used to indicate a section line. Its thickness is selected in the range from S to 1 1/2 S, and the length of the strokes is from 8 to 20 mm.
7. Solid wavy line It is used mainly as a break line in cases where the image is not completely shown in the drawing. The thickness of such a line is from S/3 to S/2.
DRAWING LINES
In conclusion, the thickness of lines of the same type should be the same for all images in a given drawing.
Make axonometric images of flat figures.
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part.
I option II option
STAND STAND
TICKET No. 2
1. What are the rules for drawing design (format, frame, main inscription on drawings)
2. List the simplest geometric bodies
RULES FOR DESIGNING A DRAWING
(FORMAT, FRAME, BASIC LETTER ON DRAWINGS)
Drawings are made on sheets of certain sizes established by GOST. This makes them easier to store and creates other conveniences.
Sheet formats are determined by the dimensions of the outer frame (made with a thin line).
Each drawing has a frame that limits the drawing area. The frame is drawn with solid main lines: on three sides - at a distance of 5 mm from the outer frame, and on the left - at a distance of 20 mm; a wide strip is left for filing the drawing.
A format with side dimensions of 841x1189 mm, the area of which is 1 m 2, and other formats obtained by sequentially dividing them into two equal parts parallel to the smaller side of the corresponding format are taken as the main ones. The smaller format is usually A4 (Fig. 1), its dimensions are 210x297 mm. Most often you are in educational practice You will use A4 format. If necessary, it is allowed to use A5 format with side dimensions of 148x210 mm.
Each designation corresponds to a specific size of the main format. For example, the format. A3 corresponds to sheet size 297x420 mm.
Below are the designations and sizes of the main formats.
Format designation Format side size” mm
In addition to the main ones, it is allowed to use additional formats. They are obtained by enlarging the short sides of the main formats by an amount that is a multiple of the dimensions of the A4 format.
The main inscription containing information about the depicted product is placed on the drawings.
In the drawings, in the lower right corner there is a main inscription containing information about the depicted product. Its shape, dimensions and content are established by the standard. On educational school drawings, the main inscription is made in the form of a rectangle with sides 22x145 mm (Fig. 2a). A sample of the completed title block is shown in Fig. 2b 
Production drawings made on A4 sheets are placed only vertically, and the main inscription on them is only along the short side. On drawings of other formats, the title block can be placed along both the long and short sides.
As an exception, on training drawings in A4 format, the main inscription is allowed to be placed both along the long side and along the short side (Fig. 3).
Fig.3
Location of sections
Depending on the location, the sections are divided into extended and superimposed. Extended sections are called those that are located outside the contour of the images
Overlaid sections are called those that are located directly on the views
Exposed sections should be given preference over superimposed ones, since the latter darken the drawing and are inconvenient for drawing dimensions.
The contour of the extended section is outlined by a solid main line of the same thickness S as the visible contour of the image. The contour of the superimposed section is outlined with a solid thin line (from S/3 to S/2).
The superimposed section is placed in the place where the cutting plane passed, directly on the view itself to which it belongs, that is, as if superimposed on the image.
The extended section can be placed anywhere in the drawing field. It can be placed directly on the extension of the section line (Fig. 15).
Or away from this line. The extended section can be placed in a place intended for one of the types (see Fig. 13), as well as in the gap between parts of the same type (Fig. 16). For asymmetrical superimposed sections, the section line is drawn with arrows, but not with letters denote (Fig. 14).
Designation of sections
turned O, that is, A-AO.
TICKET No. 4
1. Tell us about the features of the drawing font
2. What is called a cut? How is it different from a section? List the types of cuts
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
Capital letters
Lower case
TICKET No. 5
1. Tell us about the features of the use and designation of scale in mechanical engineering and construction drawings
2. Define a local species and tell us about its purpose
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 6
1. Show the division of a circle into 3, 6, 12 equal parts using a compass, ruler and squares
2. Types of section designations in the drawing
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
Extended section.
The contour of the extended section is outlined with a solid thick line of the same thickness as the line adopted for the visible contour of the image. If the section is taken out, then, as a rule, an open line, two thick strokes, and arrows indicating the direction of view are drawn. WITH outside The arrows are marked with identical capital letters. Above the section the same letters are written through a dash with a thin line below. If the section is a symmetrical figure and is located on a continuation of the section line (dash-dotted), then no designations are applied.
Superimposed section.
The contour of the superimposed section is a solid thin line (S/2 – S/3), and the contour of the view at the location of the superimposed section is not interrupted. The superimposed section is usually not indicated. But if the section is not a symmetrical figure, open strokes and arrows are drawn, but letters are not applied.
Designation of sections
The position of the cutting plane is indicated in the drawing by a section line - an open line, which is drawn in the form of separate strokes that do not intersect the contour of the corresponding image. The thickness of the strokes is taken in the range from $ to 1 1/2 S, and their length from 8 to 20 mm. On the initial and final strokes, arrows are placed perpendicular to them, at a distance of 2-3 mm from the end of the stroke, indicating the direction of view. The same capital letter of the Russian alphabet is placed at the beginning and end of the section line. The letters are placed near the arrows indicating the direction of view from the outside, Fig. 12. An inscription is made above the section according to type A-A. If the section is in a gap between parts of the same type, then with a symmetrical figure the section line is not drawn4. The section can be positioned with a rotation, then to inscriptions A-A symbol must be added
turned O, that is, A-AO.
TICKET No. 7
1. Show techniques for constructing a pentagon and a decagon
2. Name the features of identifying a cut in an axonometric image
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 8
1. Conjugate obtuse, right and acute angles
2. What are detachable and permanent connections? Types of detachable connections
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 9
1. Name the main methods of projection. Give examples of central and rectangular projection in real life practice
2. List the rules for depicting threads in drawings (on the rod and in the hole)
1. Name the main methods of projection. Give examples of central and rectangular projection from life practice.
The image of objects in the drawings is obtained by projection.
Projection is the process of constructing an image of an object on a plane. The resulting image is called a projection of the object. The word “projection” itself is Latin and means “throwing forward, into the distance.” Something similar to a projection can be observed by examining the shadow cast by an object on the surface of a wall or floor when illuminated by a light source.
Let us take an arbitrary point A in space and some plane H at some point a, then:
Point A - the projected point of the object - is indicated in capital letters
Point a - projection of point A onto the rear plane H - is indicated in lowercase letters
H – projection plane
Straight A is the projected beam.
The projection center is the point from which the projection is made.
The object of projection is the object being depicted.
There are central and parallel projection.
With central projection, all projecting rays come from one point - the projection center, located at a certain distance from the projection plane.
The central projection is often called perspective. Examples of central projection are photographs, film frames, shadows cast by the rays of an electric light bulb, etc. Central projections are used when drawing from life, in construction drawing. In mechanical engineering drawings, central projections are not used.
With parallel projection, all projecting rays are parallel to each other. An example of a parallel projection can be considered the conditionally solar shadows of objects.
It is easier to construct an image of objects in a parallel projection than in a central one. In drawing, such projections are used as visual images. With parallel projection, all rays fall on the projection plane at the same angle. If this angle is acute, then the projection is called oblique; if the angle is 90°, the projection is called rectangular.
Rectangular projection is basic. Drawings in the rectangular projection system have a number of advantages. They provide more complete information about the shape and size of an object.
TICKET No. 10
1. Name the types of drawing and their corresponding projections
2. Tell us about the similarities and differences between assembly and working drawings
3. Using two given views, construct a third view or draw the missing lines in the drawing. Complete a technical drawing of the part
ANSWER:
TICKET No. 11
1. What is axonometric projection? What types of axonometric projection are used for visual image object?
2. Identify the difference between a mechanical engineering drawing and a construction drawing
TICKET No. 12
1. Tell us about the features of technical drawing. How does it differ from an axonometric image?
2. List the basic requirements for choosing methods for depicting parts in the drawing. Selecting the main view. Determining the necessary and sufficient number of images to identify the structural shape of the part
3. Complete the front view with missing lines. Perform an isometric view of the part
Ticket No. 1
1. List the main lines of the drawing. Indicate the features of their outline in accordance with the state standard
2. Make axonometric images of flat figures (optional)
3. Based on two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
ANSWER:
BASIC LINES OF THE DRAWING, FEATURES OF THEIR DRAWING IN
GOST 2.303-68* (ST SEV 1178-78) establish the outlines and main purposes of lines on the drawings of all industries and construction (Table 1).
The thickness of the solid main line should be 0.5..1.4 mm, depending on the size and complexity of the image, as well as the format of the drawing. The thickness of the lines should be the same for all images in a given drawing, drawn to the same scale. The length of strokes in dashed and dash-dotted lines is selected depending on the size of the image. The strokes in the line and the spaces between them must be the same length.
Dash-dotted lines must begin, intersect, and end with dashes. The dash-dot lines used as center lines are replaced with solid thin lines if the diameter of the circle or the dimensions of other geometric shapes in the image less than 12 mm (Fig. 2.6).
Examples of using lines are shown in Fig. 2.7 and 2.8, a, e. When performing training drawings, it must be taken into account that from correct application lines according to their purpose, the right choice Their thickness, quality execution of dashed and dash-dotted lines largely determine the ease of use of the drawing, its suitability for reprography (making copies) and microfilming.
When tracing, the main lines (visible contour lines) should be given a thickness of 0.8...1.0, dashed lines (invisible contour lines) - 0.4...0.5, the rest - 0.25...0, 3 mm. You need to learn to distinguish the thickness of the lines with an accuracy of 0.1..0.15 mm. Take a closer look at the scale of the ruler of drawing instruments (Fig. 2.9). According to the standard, the thickness of the strokes on them is 0.1 mm. Thicker (up to 0.2 mm) strokes on the scales of gauges, squares and measuring rulers, which also allows you to get a real idea of the length of a millimeter. It is better to give an open line a thickness equal to 1.5 s rather than s.
In Fig. Figure 2.10 shows cases of correct and incorrect application of dashed lines.
The distance between any two parallel lines should not be less than 0.8 mm, and better - 1.00 mm (see Fig. 2.5).
In Russia, the first office of the Rehau company was opened more than twenty years ago, and the first production of German windows in the Russian Federation began in 2002. Now selling and installing plastic structures Dozens, or even hundreds of organizations in many Russian regions are engaged in Rehau profiles.
It is worth noting that Rehau windows there are the most various types, intended for different rooms. Below we will highlight the most popular lines of window profiles, which will help you make the right choice.
Main series of Rehau profiles:
1) Basic Design – modern profile, the system depth of the box is sixty millimeters. It is suitable for construction work with the usual requirements.
2) Thermo-Design – the depth of the box of this window profile is sixty millimeters. It was developed by the company for site construction.
3) Basic-Design with a wide frame - they perfectly retain heat indoors and are used both in the construction of new buildings and in the reconstruction of old houses.
4) Brilliant-Design - a beautiful profile, the depth of which varies from seventy to eighty millimeters. It is intended for rooms designed in modern or high-tech style. Thanks to the large depth of the profile, windows can be installed on top floors high-rise buildings
5) Sib-Design - warm windows with a depth of seventy millimeters, intended for installation in the northern regions of Russia, including Siberia. They perfectly retain heat in rooms even in 30-degree frosts.
6) Euro-Design is comparatively new system with three chambers and a depth of sixty millimeters. Her distinctive feature considered an affordable price.
7) Delight-Design - a unique profile that can transmit ten percent more light from the sun than other Rehau windows. An excellent option for those who prefer to illuminate rooms sunlight, not artificial.
8) BLITZ - the latest profile with three cameras, which has good parameters and is aimed at attracting new customers for whom the main choice factor is price. The fact is that these windows are relatively inexpensive.
9) Geneo - a recently released profile, created using the high-tech material Rau Fipro. Currently, it has the highest energy saving parameters in its category.
The main elements of any drawing are lines. To make the drawing more expressive and easier to read, it is made using different lines, the outline and purpose of which for all branches of industry and construction are established by the state standard.
The images of objects in the drawing are a combination of different types of lines.
It is recommended to first draw each drawing using solid thin lines. After checking the correctness of the shape, dimensions, as well as the layout of the resulting image and removing all auxiliary lines, the drawing is outlined with lines of various styles and thicknesses according to GOST 3456 - 59. Each of these lines has its own purpose.
Solid thick main line accepted for the original. Its thickness S should be selected in the range from 0.6 to 1.5 mm. It is selected depending on the size and complexity of the image, format and purpose of the drawing. Based on the thickness of the solid thick main line, the thickness of the remaining lines is selected, provided that for each type of line within one drawing in all images it will be the same.
RULES FOR DESIGNING A DRAWING
(FORMAT, FRAME, BASIC LETTER ON DRAWINGS)
Drawings are made on sheets of certain sizes established by GOST. This makes them easier to store and creates other conveniences.
Sheet formats are determined by the dimensions of the outer frame (made with a thin line).
Each drawing has a frame that limits the drawing area. The frame is drawn with solid main lines: on three sides - at a distance of 5 mm from the outer frame, and on the left - at a distance of 20 mm; a wide strip is left for filing the drawing.
A format with side dimensions of 841x1189 mm, the area of which is 1 m 2, and other formats obtained by sequentially dividing them into two equal parts parallel to the smaller side of the corresponding format are taken as the main ones. The smaller format is usually A4 (Fig. 1), its dimensions are 210x297 mm. Most often you will use the A4 format in educational practice. If necessary, it is allowed to use A5 format with side dimensions of 148x210 mm.
Each designation corresponds to a specific size of the main format. For example, the format. A3 corresponds to sheet size 297x420 mm.
Below are the designations and sizes of the main formats.
Format designation Format side size” mm
In addition to the main ones, the use of additional formats is allowed. They are obtained by enlarging the short sides of the main formats by an amount that is a multiple of the dimensions of the A4 format.
The main inscription containing information about the depicted product is placed on the drawings.
In the drawings, in the lower right corner there is a main inscription containing information about the depicted product. Its shape, dimensions and content are established by the standard. On educational school drawings, the main inscription is made in the form of a rectangle with sides 22x145 mm (Fig. 2a). A sample of the completed title block is shown in Fig. 2b
Production drawings made on A4 sheets are placed only vertically, and the main inscription on them is only along the short side. On drawings of other formats, the title block can be placed along both the long and short sides.
As an exception, on training drawings in A4 format, the main inscription is allowed to be placed both along the long side and along the short side (Fig. 3).
Fig.3
Location of sections
Depending on the location, the sections are divided into extended and superimposed. Extended sections are called those that are located outside the contour of the images
Overlaid sections are called those that are located directly on the views
Exposed sections should be given preference over superimposed ones, since the latter darken the drawing and are inconvenient for drawing dimensions.
The contour of the extended section is outlined by a solid main line of the same thickness S as the visible contour of the image. The contour of the superimposed section is outlined with a solid thin line (from S/3 to S/2).
The superimposed section is placed in the place where the cutting plane passed, directly on the view itself to which it belongs, that is, as if superimposed on the image.
The extended section can be placed anywhere in the drawing field. It can be placed directly on the extension of the section line (Fig. 15).
Or away from this line. The extended section can be placed in a place intended for one of the types (see Fig. 13), as well as in the gap between parts of the same type (Fig. 16). For asymmetrical superimposed sections, the section line is drawn with arrows, but not with letters denote (Fig. 14).
Designation of sections
turned O, that is, A-AO.
TICKET No. 4
1. Tell us about the features of the drawing font
2. What is called a cut? How is it different from a section? List the types of cuts
Capital letters
Lower case
TICKET No. 5
1. Tell us about the features of the use and designation of scale in mechanical engineering and construction drawings
2. Define a local species and tell us about its purpose
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 6
1. Show the division of a circle into 3, 6, 12 equal parts using a compass, ruler and squares
2. Types of section designations in the drawing
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
Extended section.
The contour of the extended section is outlined with a solid thick line of the same thickness as the line adopted for the visible contour of the image. If the section is taken out, then, as a rule, an open line, two thick strokes, and arrows indicating the direction of view are drawn. The same capital letters are applied on the outside of the arrows. Above the section the same letters are written through a dash with a thin line below. If the section is a symmetrical figure and is located on a continuation of the section line (dash-dotted), then no designations are applied.
Superimposed section.
The contour of the superimposed section is a solid thin line (S/2 – S/3), and the contour of the view at the location of the superimposed section is not interrupted. The superimposed section is usually not indicated. But if the section is not a symmetrical figure, open strokes and arrows are drawn, but letters are not applied.
Designation of sections
The position of the cutting plane is indicated in the drawing by a section line - an open line, which is drawn in the form of separate strokes that do not intersect the contour of the corresponding image. The thickness of the strokes is taken in the range from $ to 1 1/2 S, and their length from 8 to 20 mm. On the initial and final strokes, arrows are placed perpendicular to them, at a distance of 2-3 mm from the end of the stroke, indicating the direction of view. The same capital letter of the Russian alphabet is placed at the beginning and end of the section line. The letters are placed next to the arrows indicating the direction of view from the outside, Fig. 12. An inscription of type AA is made above the section. If the section is in a gap between parts of the same type, then with a symmetrical figure the section line is not drawn4. The section can be positioned with a rotation, then the symbol should be added to the inscription A-A
turned O, that is, A-AO.
TICKET No. 7
1. Show techniques for constructing a pentagon and a decagon
2. Name the features of identifying a cut in an axonometric image
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 8
1. Conjugate obtuse, right and acute angles
2. What are detachable and permanent connections? Types of detachable connections
3. Based on the two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
TICKET No. 9
1. Name the main methods of projection. Give examples of central and rectangular projection in real life practice
2. List the rules for depicting threads in drawings (on the rod and in the hole)
1. Name the main methods of projection. Give examples of central and rectangular projection from life practice.
The image of objects in the drawings is obtained by projection.
Projection is the process of constructing an image of an object on a plane. The resulting image is called a projection of the object. The word “projection” itself is Latin and means “throwing forward, into the distance.” Something similar to a projection can be observed by examining the shadow cast by an object on the surface of a wall or floor when illuminated by a light source.
Let us take an arbitrary point A in space and some plane H at some point a, then:
Point A - the projected point of the object - is indicated in capital letters
Point a - projection of point A onto the rear plane H - is indicated in lowercase letters
H – projection plane
Straight A is the projected beam.
The projection center is the point from which the projection is made.
The object of projection is the object being depicted.
There are central and parallel projection.
With central projection, all projecting rays come from one point - the projection center, located at a certain distance from the projection plane.
The central projection is often called perspective. Examples of central projection are photographs, film frames, shadows cast by the rays of an electric light bulb, etc. Central projections are used when drawing from life, in construction drawing. In mechanical engineering drawings, central projections are not used.
With parallel projection, all projecting rays are parallel to each other. An example of a parallel projection can be considered the conditionally solar shadows of objects.
It is easier to construct an image of objects in a parallel projection than in a central one. In drawing, such projections are used as visual images. With parallel projection, all rays fall on the projection plane at the same angle. If this angle is acute, then the projection is called oblique; if the angle is 90°, the projection is called rectangular.
Rectangular projection is basic. Drawings in the rectangular projection system have a number of advantages. They provide more complete information about the shape and size of an object.
TICKET No. 10
1. Name the types of drawing and their corresponding projections
2. Tell us about the similarities and differences between assembly and working drawings
3. Using two given views, construct a third view or draw the missing lines in the drawing. Complete a technical drawing of the part
ANSWER:
TICKET No. 11
1. What is axonometric projection? What types of axonometric projection are used to visually depict an object?
2. Identify the difference between a mechanical engineering drawing and a construction drawing
TICKET No. 12
1. Tell us about the features of technical drawing. How does it differ from an axonometric image?
2. List the basic requirements for choosing methods for depicting parts in the drawing. Selecting the main view. Determining the necessary and sufficient number of images to identify the structural shape of the part
3. Complete the front view with missing lines. Perform an isometric view of the part
Ticket No. 1
1. List the main lines of the drawing. Indicate the features of their outline in accordance with the state standard
2. Make axonometric images of flat figures (optional)
3. Based on two given views, construct a third view using the necessary cuts. Complete a technical drawing of the part
ANSWER:
BASIC LINES OF THE DRAWING, FEATURES OF THEIR DRAWING IN
Drawings are made in accordance with GOST 2.303 - 68
HTML table code, examples
| Name | Typeface | Thickness lines, mm | main purpose |
| Solid thick (main) | s = 0.5...1.4 | Visible contour lines; visible transition lines; section contour lines; (outgoing and incoming; included in the section) |
|
| Solid thin |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Extension and dimension lines; Contour lines of the superimposed section; hatch lines; leader lines, leader line shelves; imaginary transition lines; lines to depict borders details (furnishings); extension limit lines elements. |
| Solid wavy |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Image break line species demarcation lines and cut. |
| Line |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Invisible contour line invisible contour transition lines. |
| Dash-dotted thin |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Centerlines and lines of symmetry |
| Dot-dash with two dots |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Fold lines on flat patterns lines to depict parts products in extreme or intermediate positions; lines for the scan image, combined with the view. |
| Solid thin with kinks |  |
from S/3 to s/2 | Long break lines. |
| Dash-dotted thickened | |
from S/2 to (2/3)S | Lines indicating surfaces subject to heat treatment or coating; lines for element images, located in front of the secant plane (“superimposed projection”). |
It is necessary to strive to ensure that the outline drawing lines of the same type was the same for all drawing images
Line strokes drawing lines must touch the visible contour lines.
When there is a sudden change in the direction of the line drawing lines the strokes must touch each other.
Dash-dotted drawing lines should intersect with long strokes. GOST 2.303 - 68* establishes the outlines and main purposes of lines in drawings of all industries and construction (table) The thickness of a solid thick main line S should be 0.5...1.4 mm, depending on the size and complexity of the image, as well as on the format of the drawing. The chosen line thicknesses should be the same for all images in a given drawing.
When making educational drawings, it is necessary to take into account that the ease of use of the drawing largely depends on the correct use of lines for their purpose, the correct choice of their thickness, and the high-quality execution of dashed and dash-dotted lines.
The strokes of the dash-dotted line must be the same length. The spaces between strokes are also left the same. Dashed and dotted lines end with dashes. The center of the circle is in all cases determined by the intersection of the strokes.
