Wood is a living material. Its structure is rarely uniform. The structure of a tree is influenced by the weather and the environment in which it grew. This greatly complicates processing in general and, in particular, milling wood. After all, just one wrong movement is enough, and a complex jewelry-calculated trajectory of the working tool can cause irreparable damage to the finished product.
It is also important to remember: the wood for milling must be specially prepared. After all, if the inner layers have a different moisture content than the outer ones, the finished product will certainly become cracked and warped over time. When performing milling, including from customer materials, we encourage you to take a responsible approach to the selection of workpieces. If you doubt the quality of the workpiece, it is better to consult with us or purchase the material with our help.
Moreover, only experienced master is able to correctly select the tool, its sharpening, feed speed and force, depending on the properties of a particular workpiece, the presence of knots and knots, and the direction of the fibers.
3D wood milling to order
3D wood milling allows you to obtain almost any details and decorative elements. So, for example, using milling you can decorate flight of stairs carved wooden posts, balusters. Or create a unique office interior using carved ornaments of cornices, trims and wall panels. Previously, such delights were available only to representatives of the aristocracy, but now, thanks to modern technologies and the high skill of the carvers, careful selection of equipment and technological parameters, all you have to do is voice your wishes and choose the design of the future product. Of course, even today the price for milling wood remains considerable, but representatives of the middle class, and, moreover, any enterprise, can afford such products.
Wood milling price
We would really like to immediately announce the final price to each customer on the pages of the website or by phone, but, unfortunately, wood milling is not a serial product, or even a one-piece one, but a rather complex service. Therefore, the price for milling wood consists of many parameters: the type of wood, the geometric configuration of the workpiece and the final part, the desired design (and, therefore, the amount of work and the required accuracy). All actions performed by both the operator and the machine require certain resources, and therefore have their own cost. Call or write to us: once we receive the basic information, we will be able to calculate the exact amount. For now we can report that the price of milling wood on a machine depends largely on the processing time: from 1000 rub. in an hour operation of a milling machine.
Artistic wood milling
One of the areas of 3D wood processing is the creation of relief paintings and bas-reliefs. To produce paintings using the milling method, the most various breeds wood, not only the familiar oak, ash, beech, linden, but also exotic ones. They undergo special training, after which relief paintings appear on them through filigree milling of the surface.
The sizes of such paintings, thanks to the invisible gluing method, are limited only by the wishes and capabilities of the client himself. The painting can be made on any subject that interests you: from pastoral landscapes to relief copies classical works, from paintings inspired by Renaissance artists to modern abstract art. 3D wood milling also allows you to create full-fledged sculptures. A huge database will be at your disposal finished projects in a variety of directions. In addition, you can always create your own unique project based on an individual sketch. Our designers and carvers will help you with this.
Necessary equipment.
Approximate income plan for a mini carpentry business
Organization of a medium-scale wooden products manufacturing business.
Additional tools.
Decoration wood is one of the most ancient crafts known in the world. We, in Russia, attach particular importance to this craft. Many wood products are decorated and designed using this particular craft.
The development of the art of artistic woodworking in Russia was influenced by the development of the state itself, and cultural development people. Therefore, the history of the promotion of wood crafts is divided into several main periods.
Very few original monuments of ancient Russian art from the 9th-16th centuries have reached us. But based on ancient manuscripts, paintings, and information from guests who visited ancient Kyiv and Veliky Novgorod, they testify that even then artistic treatment the tree definitely occupied a high position in the life of the state and the people.
They built houses from wood, made furniture, dishes, city fortifications, workshops, outbuildings, ships, sleighs, pavements, water pipelines, machines and machines, tools and tools, children's toys and the like. All this was decorated with geometric patterns carved on them. Particularly in demand was the manufacture of spoons made of ash, maple, and birch, on the tips of which various ornaments were carved; one of the most popular was wicker.
The 15th century brought liberation from oppression to the inhabitants of Rus' Tatar-Mongol yoke and base centralized state, the center of which was Moscow. Subsequently, folk arts, including artistic woodworking, gained freedom. Creative people were given free rein in their craft. It was at this time that the greatest wood craft artists lived Ancient Rus': Theophanes the Greek, Andrei Rublev, Dionysius, who stood out for the integrity and harmony of their works.
Masterpieces of decorative and applied art of the 15th century became objects of imitation for a generation of many masters. An example is the iconostasis; if you pay attention, they have wicker patterns and gilding, which was inherent in the iconostasis of artists of the 15th century.
A special place worth noting is wooden interiors and wood products. While in a room from wooden interior it feels like you are one step closer to harmony with nature. Your soul becomes calm and you feel more energetic. Wood not only brings you closer to nature, but also adds sophistication and sophistication to your home, especially the various hewn geometric patterns, in the details of which craftsmen leave a piece of their soul.
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Implementation of a mini carpentry business.
First, you need to study the markets, visit exhibitions, wood industry fairs, in order to know what type of products are in demand by buyers. After collecting information, create a business plan for your carpentry workshop that can lead you to success.
To create a workshop you need: a dry, bright room measuring 50 square meters with ceilings up to 4 meters high. Electricity is also required. Then start collecting documents necessary for tax and fire safety services.
Necessary equipment.
The next step is to collect necessary materials and purchasing machines for production. According to your wishes, you can either buy all the necessary equipment in full, or 50/50. Make half yourself using online drawings, and buy the other half. There is no point in saving on materials and equipment, because half the quality of your products depends on this. In short, you will need tools such as a circular or miter saw, a jointer, a planer, power tools: a drill, a milling cutter, as well as sets of hand tools: chisels, mallets, hacksaws.
Before purchasing equipment, you should consider everything carefully. What exactly will you produce, what tools and machines are needed for this, in order to avoid unnecessary expenses on unnecessary equipment. It is also important not to forget about the people who will work with you, or for you. It is best to look not only for masters of their craft, but also creative people who will put their soul into your products. If your product is original, the demand for it will never fall and it will bring a stable income.
What kind of wood products should be made?
Wood products have their own character, which gives not only the apartment, but also the same office coziness and harmony. Therefore, the choice of products is very large, from door handles to furniture of different categories. An entrepreneur in a carpentry business has a wide range of choices, the main thing is not to make a mistake.
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There is a sea of wooden products, including souvenirs, talismans, toys, amulets - these are some of those that are popular among buyers. Especially the “Knock on Wood” charm. Its design is quite simple. Take a birch log with a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 10 cm, cut into two lengthwise, and stripped of the bark. A wooden figurine of the spirit is placed at the bottom of the log, or the image of the spirit itself is carved. People say that by knocking on such a talisman you can contact the spirits of the tree, who will give you protection from evil forces and wickedness.
Do not apply varnish to such a talisman; they decorate it with pieces of birch bark. The specialty of the manufacturer of such amulets is the so-called knocking on wood instruction. People believe in all sorts of superstitions, so by printing instructions for communicating with spirits on your amulet, you will attract the attention of buyers. This product costs about 300 rubles.
By using the cheapest slab material, you can make benches, tables, stools for cottages, and decorate them with various geometric patterns. At the moment, such things are in demand and are quite well valued in Moscow.
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The most ordinary bench made of slab costs about 2,500 rubles, and adding some kind of ornament to it can be customized for 3,500 rubles. IN summer time you can make and sell 25 pieces per month. Coasters for hot food cost 25-40 rubles, and those made from polished sections cost up to 100 rubles, napkin holders from 150 rubles, but good original bread bins can cost up to 1000 rubles.
Expenses and income for a mini business.
Business plan expenses will include the following items:
. -rent the premises up to $200 if you don’t have your own;
. -room lighting up to $10-20;
. -materials up to 300 dollars. USA.
. -tools – $2500
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To open a small mini carpentry workshop you will need about $3170. With a business efficiency of 23%, net profit will be from $1000 per month, and the payback period will be up to 4 months. You should get your carpentry business up and running by the beginning of the construction season.
Approximate income plan for a mini carpentry business.
Subject to your premises:
Let's say your mini workshop produces the simplest carpentry- doors. A master with no experience will be able to make 10-12 doors per month. To do this, you need to purchase 1.5-2 cubic meters of wood. The cost will be $270-360.
Price per door $120-130. $120*10 doors = $1200 income. Net income: $1200 - $270 = $930. Here the capabilities of a craftsman without experience are highlighted, since usually in a month a carpentry workshop with one employee manages to make large volumes.
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Organization of a medium-scale wooden products manufacturing business.
The production system of window and door blocks can be divided into the following stages:
1. cutting lumber, checking its quality;
2. creation and processing of blanks;
3. assembly of the structure;
4. sanding the product and applying coatings.
For each above-mentioned stage, you can buy a separate machine or choose a woodworking center that can perform all the above-mentioned points. You can also kill two birds with one stone, that is, purchase a multifunctional unit that can combine several functions and work for 2-3 workshops at the same time.
When purchasing such installations, you also save space in your premises, because one installation takes up less space than two or three, but includes the same functions. An example of such an installation is the D 300 machine, which can perform the functions of several types, such as: thicknesser, milling, grinding, planing shops.
Additional tools.
For high-quality and consistent work of your carpentry shop, you need to buy the following tools:
Minimum plumbing tool kit;
. drill;
. screwdriver;
. jigsaw;
. Sander;
. moisture meter;
. roulette;
. calipers;
. electric plane;
. circular saws mains powered;
. tool for applying coloring and antiseptic substances;
. fan with bags for organizing sawdust removal.
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A small carpentry workshop can be set up on an area of 60 m2. Space savings can be achieved by combining all equipment in a woodworking center. To achieve success in business, it is necessary to hire at least two professional carpenters, and also in the first stages of publishing, the director must be personally present at the manufacturing processes of the products.
Feasibility study.
Capital investments (in rubles):
. purchase necessary equipment- 184,000 rub.
. expenses for tools - 85,000 rubles.
. transportation costs - 50,000 rubles.
. purchase of raw materials - 400,000 rubles.
. registration of a business in the form of an individual entrepreneur - 21,000 rubles;
. other expenses (payment work force) - 15,000 rub.
Total investment in business: RUB 755,000.
A sketch is created separately for each future product. First, this is done by hand, not on the scale of the future product. This is a sketch by eye, in which the author develops the idea for the product itself. After which he coordinates this with the director of the enterprise, if this development is liked, then another drawing is created, already to scale, directly according to which future products will be made.
The designed product is depicted in three views from above, front and side. If necessary, make a section of the part. If the part model is very complex, then it is divided into parts and each part is depicted separately. Each part receives its own number, under which it is included in its specification. All drawings are made on paper, in pencil, so that if necessary, it is easy to correct a mistake, or introduce some kind of amendment or modification.
Most use special paper- graph paper. This is paper that is divided into cells to make it easier to calculate the scale and draw to scale.
Together with the sketch, they think through the manufacturing system for this product. Exactly what materials will be needed, what machines will be needed for this development, what tools will be used in the process of creating this product, the costs are calculated. They calculate everything down to the last nail in order to avoid shortages of some materials in the future, and naturally so that production is organized.
Also during this period, the craftsmen are preparing the place of work. Choose a workshop that is more convenient in size and will correspond to the size of the product. Choose convenient location drawings, placement of materials in the workshop from which future products will be manufactured. Provide the master with free access to the machine, as well as tools. Provide it convenient conditions for work. Then the manufacturing system and design of the future product are checked again in order to avoid damage to quality and various failures during the manufacturing process.
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A summer cottage is a place where you can relax in the shade of trees, grow your favorite vegetables and herbs, admire flowers and harvest every year. And a summer cottage is a wonderful opportunity to realize your creative abilities and work on fresh air. More on initial stage– landscape development garden plot, you can add some zest and decorate the area garden figures. You can make a sculpture out of wood yourself if you are armed with necessary tool, materials and get acquainted with recommendations for creating sculptures from wood.
Before you get started, you should familiarize yourself with the rules for choosing shapes for your garden plot.
What you need to know:
- The figurine (one or more) must “fit” into the design of the garden. If it causes contradiction, then you should not expect harmony, even if the sculptures look very nice.
- If you doubt whether the sculptures will look harmonious, then make a model of your summer cottage from paper and cut out figures from cardboard. Place them in a place that suits you. If you don't like how the sculpture looks, you can move it or swap the pieces. This visualization will help you decide on the choice of location.
- There is no need to pile up several massive figures in a small area. This will only complicate the perception. It is better to install 1-2 figures to decorate the area and achieve harmony with nature.
- It is not at all necessary that the sculpture occupy a central position. It is better to place several small wooden sculptures that will harmonize with the plants. The placement of one wooden sculpture in the garden is not excluded, but then it is advisable to decorate it with others decorative elements – climbing plants, wattle or arch.
Wood sculpture photo:
Material for creating sculpture
To create garden sculptures with your own hands, you can use different material: stone, gypsum, cement, polyurethane foam. But the most suitable and flexible material for garden sculptures is wood. Since this natural material You can take it anywhere, but it’s better to go into the forest and find a suitable tree there. For large sculptures, it is better to take a massive log. For small figures, large branches or small logs are suitable.
Before taking natural material with you, carefully inspect the wood - there should be no traces of mold, rot, or insect holes on it. It is better to leave such natural material in the forest, since a sculpture made of wood will not last long.
If you are planning to make a small figurine from wood, then first you need to prepare the material - rinse it with water and separate the bark. Don’t rush to send debris, bark and even wood chips to a landfill - this material can be used for decoration decorative compositions or will be needed when finishing a wooden sculpture.
As you work, you will be left with a large amount of fine shavings and sawdust - this auxiliary material useful for repair work and restoration of wooden sculptures as a natural filler for cracks and holes. It is necessary to mix sawdust with the varnish until the mass becomes viscous and immediately fill the holes. There is no need to make putty that is too thick or, conversely, thin, as it will be inconvenient to work with such material.
It is better to dry the prepared material in a dry, warm place (you can bring it into the house) and wrap it in polyethylene. This way you can protect the wood from deformation and cracks.
During operation, it is advisable to immediately collect waste in a separate container and also store it in a dry place.
- apple tree;
- cypress;
- birch;
- hazel (hazelnut);
Woods such as boxwood and rosewood (especially black) are difficult to work with, so it is best for a beginner to work with softwoods. In rare cases, wood carvers will recommend that beginners work with hardwood, as imprecise movements on the surface will not be as noticeable. But if you “spoil” soft material, then all inaccurate movements will be visible at a glance.
Required tool:
Where to start
You have prepared the material, the sharpened tool is also lying nearby, you can get started. But first you need to start with a pencil and a piece of paper. Don't be lazy, make a sketch of your sculpture.
It is not necessary to have the talent of an artist to transfer a model of a future figurine onto paper. Draw the outlines and main details of the sculpture. Now you can transfer the contours to the workpiece itself. This is what all wood carvers do. In some cases, you can replace a simple pencil with a marker to draw a clear contour line. And that's not all - in the preparation process, after creating a sketch, make a plasticine copy of your garden sculpture made of wood. Then you need to build a diagram in several projections. If you find this difficult, skip this step. Wood carvers often do without even a sketch, since it is easier for them to immediately cut a figure out of wood than to draw its exact copy on paper.
DIY wooden sculpture
1st stage
We proceed to rough processing and “drawing” of the basic shape of the figure. First you need to define the “legs” and the base. Use a medium-tooth saw to cut the workpiece. Hold the tool perpendicular to the center of the workpiece.
If you end up with an uneven cut, you can then carefully trim it. Take this stage very seriously, as the result will depend on it.
Now mark the center of the workpiece and draw auxiliary lines. Use a square to check the markings are correct. During the work, these lines will not be visible, as they will gradually be cut off.
This part of the work is best done with the following set of tools:
- tape measure;
- ruler;
- square;
- caliper.
If you are making a large sculpture out of wood, then it is better to use a bright marker instead of a pencil, since it does not wear out as quickly as a pencil.
2nd stage
At this stage, it is necessary to roughly process the workpiece using an ax, and small parts can be cut out with an adze. During work, it is better not to go deeper, but to leave a supply of material so that later you can refine and make amendments. Use measuring tools while working.
First, the part that requires the most attention is cut out, and then the lines are restored and the strokes are drawn. For example, if your sculpture will be made in the form of a bear or other large animal, then start working from the head, gradually carving wood from top to bottom.
Look at this photo to understand how it works:
To complete this part of the job you will need the following tools:
- hand saw (fine or medium teeth);
- half hatchet for carpentry;
- semicircular and straight adze.
3rd stage
Cutting out the four sides of the figure. At first glance you might think this challenging task, but everything is extremely simple - you need to use a carpenter’s tool to “draw” and separate the masses - the torso, arms and legs. At this stage, you should not round the workpiece yet. This part of the work can be done with large chisels.
4th stage
You will end up with an angular workpiece - now you need to trim it and make a relief without small parts. It is important to “revive” the future figure and not miss the main points. It is too early to detail and round out a wooden sculpture. To work, you need to use a set of small chisels and jamb knives.
5th stage
Finally, you can start the most interesting part - detailing and rounding the sculpture. You can remove the edges and work on small details - drapery, facial features, animal fur. Try to draw as little as possible with a pencil on the figure, as it will remain and can only be removed with fine-grained sandpaper. Entrust this important part of the work to the following tools: blunt knives, scalpels and cutters.
When the work is completed, you need to sand the figure with emery cloth and apply thin layer sunflower oil. In some cases, wood sculptors advise boiling the carved figurine in oil. When heated, the vegetable oil will begin to polymerize and wooden surface will be resistant to moisture and dirt. This advice only applies to small wooden sculptures.
Using the same principle, you can carve animal sculptures from wood:
Wood sculpture processing
Depending on the coating material, there are several ways to finish the sculpture.
Let's take a closer look at each method:
- Using stain. Light wood species: linden, birch and maple need tinting. Can be achieved a certain color different ways, including natural ones. For example, use aniline dyes, or you can prepare the stain yourself.
How to prepare stain:
- iodine Take a small one a plastic cup and fill halfway with water. Add 3-5 drops of iodine and stir. Try on white paper what shade you get - if it’s too saturated, you can dilute it with water, if it’s weak, add iodine. If you cover the product with one layer, you will get a beautiful “honey” shade, and if you apply 3-4 layers, you will get an ocher color;
- brown stain is prepared from water and potassium permanganate crystals according to the same principle;
- To prepare a stain using alcohol, prepare coffee (instant), you can take the cheapest one. Pour 1 tbsp into a plastic cup. coffee and add the same amount of boiling water. Pour alcohol (half a glass) and stir. This stain is useful for covering 3D carvings; it is not suitable for raised surfaces.
- Varnish coating. There are several types of wood varnishes: oil based, nitro and pentaphthalic varnishes. The main condition when buying varnish is to take only colorless ones. Store-bought varnishes are very thick, so they need to be diluted with solvents to a consistency such as water. Oil varnish can only be diluted with turpentine, and nitro varnish with acetone. To find out which solvent you need to dilute your varnish, look at the label - manufacturers give detailed recommendations. A small wooden figurine can be completely “bathed” in varnish, and a large wooden sculpture can be covered with a brush.
- Viscous and hard woods, such as pear, apple and birch, can be treated with oil. Cooking the figurines is very simple: pour oil into a pan, put it on the fire and after 5 minutes, when it heats up, lower the craft. It will float in oil. If you have a lot of small figures, then it is better to cook them separately. The oil must be changed to fresh one every time, otherwise it may catch fire. The duration of processing of the product depends on the desired shade; when the figurine begins to darken, it can be removed. Oiled figurines are sanded and polished.
1. THE ART OF WOOD CARVING. DECORATION OF ROOMS AND INTERIOR OBJECTS WITH HOMEMADE FLOWERS
Once upon a time in Rus' there was such a type of handicraft as wood carving , was one of the most widespread craft trends. Today the art of artistic processing wood blanks is gaining popularity again in our country. Moreover, if previously it was mainly men who were engaged in this decorative and applied craft, now many women also make jewelry and crafts from wood with their own hands. Fortunately there is big choice tools with which you can easily and accurately apply carvings, cut out individual parts and solid figures from wood. Convenient models special jamb knives, cutters, chisels and chisels allow you to quickly and efficiently process wooden workpieces, create your own beautiful flowers, animal figurines, interior decorations.
Recently, some interior designers have begun to use handmade wooden flowers for decorating platbands, stairs, furniture , walls (in the form of panels or compositions within frames), as well as individual crafts in the form of flower bouquets , carved from wood.
It is quite difficult to make various volumetric and geometric crafts from hardwood trees, and this work is mainly carried out by experienced professionals who are fluent in wood carving techniques. But from such soft trees as linden or wild apple trees, cutting out flowers and various figures is not so difficult. Even a novice master after several lessons in processing techniques wooden blanks can make an elegant rose with his own hands , large sunflower or other flower. 
There is a very simple way to make petals from shavings (from under a pencil sharpener) of branches, and then make cute roses out of them. Even a child can cope with such work. Below you will find a master class on making such flowers from wood with your own hands at home. You can do it with your child stylish topiary from such roses that will decorate the interior of a children's room.
What wood carving tools will you need when making flowers (photo):
Stages of making flowers and other wood crafts with your own hands:
Preparatory stage.
As in any business, first an idea is born, a plan appears. You must clearly imagine in your mind what the fully created craft will look like.
After this, you need to make sketches with a pencil on a sheet of paper. If the flower is not very complex and detailed, then you can limit yourself to a schematic sketch in several projections. And if the figure carved from wood is complex, then try to draw a sketch on a sheet of paper indicating all the main proportions;
Modeling a flower model.
Now you can make a model of the craft, guided by sketches or sketches. Many craftsmen at this stage additionally draw a diagram in 2 or 3 projections. You will need drawing paper, pencil, polymer clay or plasticine, flexible copper wire for forming a frame, stacks;
Rough cutting of a piece of wood.
We saw the wood with a saw with a medium tooth perpendicular to the central axis. Through the center of symmetry we draw 2 lines perpendicular to each other. First, we remove excess from the projection that requires deep processing;
Cutting a figure on 4 sides.
We cut out the shape of the craft along the side, front and back edges, focusing on its outline, which is applied to the workpiece according to the created sketches;
Cutting a figure into 8 sides.
We cut off the corners of the formed blanks. There are 8 faces in total. At this stage, it is important to take into account the relief of the future flower, pruning narrower on convex areas, and wider on concave and sloping areas;
Detailing of wood crafts, rounding.
Now tools such as jamb knives, chisels with different curves, and cerasis will be used.
We work on small details, remove unnecessary edges, give shape to the flower petals;
Sanding.
The ideal option is to use a drill with attachments made of different sandpaper for sanding wooden crafts. If you are processing the surface of a wooden craft with your own hands, then choose fine-grain sandpaper on a fabric base (corundum or glass);
Decoration of a carved wood flower.
Treatment by special means and finishing of the product is necessary to protect against external influence environment. Finishing the flower from wood helps to emphasize the creative intent of the master.
Tips for beginners:
√ do not choose soft wood species if you plan to carve a craft with big amount small parts and perform fine carvings;
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large flowers (roses, chrysanthemums, lilies) are best made from tree species such as wild apple and linden;
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If you are a novice craftsman, then first learn how to cut a triangle out of wood using a jamb knife. Knowing how to cut out even just this shape, you will be able to make simple wooden crafts with your own hands. If you have already learned how to process wood well different instruments, then try cutting a simple volumetric or geometric figure;
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To protect wood, various impregnations and varnish are often used. But if you coat wooden crafts with these products, the surface may turn yellow and become less expressive. Therefore, it is best to use wax to treat and protect the structure of carved wood.
2. HOW TO MAKE A TOPIARY WITH WOOD ROSES WITH YOUR OWN HANDS
Step-by-step master class. This is a cute tree of happiness Even a child can make it with his own hands. Flowers to decorate the tree are made using a regular pencil sharpener. You can use branches of any tree as material (but not too old and brittle).
photo instructions
3. MASTER CLASSES ON MAKING WOOD CRAFTS WITH YOUR OWN HANDS
Master class No. 1:
HOW TO CUT A BEAUTIFUL VOLUME FLOWER FROM WOOD TO DECORATE INTERIOR OBJECTS. STEP-BY-STEP LESSON FOR BEGINNERS. SCHOOLCHILDREN CAN ALSO MAKE THIS CRAFT AT A WORK LESSON IN THE WORKSHOP, WHERE THERE ARE TOOLS SUITABLE FOR CREATIVE WORK.
Master class No. 2:
ORIGINAL WOOD CRAFTS FOR INTERIOR DECORATION. WE CUT GEOMETRIC FIGURES FROM A LOCK OF SOFT WOOD WITH OUR OWN HANDS (YOU CAN TAKE WILLOW) AND COLLECT FROM THEM A FLOWER IN THE FORM OF A SUNFLOWER. YOU CAN DO A LITTLE WORK ON THE CRAFT AND TURN IT INTO A SUN WITH A FACE.
Master class No. 3:
LEARNING WOOD CARVING. THIS PHOTO INSTRUCTION WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLE OF CUTING A FIGURE FROM WOOD AND PROCESSING THE EDGES.
Master class No. 4:
Currently with high development industry, it is almost impossible to find an object or product that cannot be bought. Of course, the resulting item will fully meet the highest requirements, but it will lose the special individuality and uniqueness that wooden products made by hand can give.
Stages and tools for work
Let's decide what might be needed to make wooden products self made. The most important thing is the material from which the craft will be made. All logs are prepared using a special method, for this they are dried to 15% humidity, but experts say that the most the best option- this is 8-9%. It is important not to forget that wood differs in its strength and structure depending on the type.
To process the product you will need a mounting table or workbench. Next, be sure to purchase electric tool- milling cutter, a circular saw And Grinder, as well as chiselling and jointer.
It will also come in handy hand tool, which includes all kinds of planes, chisels, and hacksaws. In order to apply a design to a product, you can acquire drills and engravers.
Drawings of wooden products are also needed in order to understand what the finished object will look like. It is advisable to develop sketches yourself or borrow them from more experienced craftsmen.
Connecting products on sliding grooves
This is one of the simplest and most common types of fastening, so it is recommended for beginners. You will need to cut out identical and straight strips, the width of which will be the same as the thickness of the workpiece, then insert these parts into each other.
Prepare two pieces of plywood or wood in the shape of a rectangle. Cut grooves in the middle, the length of which is equal to half the workpiece. The width of such fastening should be the same as the width of the part. The result is a strong and stable cross. If you cut grooves at the corners, you will be able to create a strong corner shape. You can assemble four blanks in this way and get an excellent frame for a box or rectangular shape for crafts. This connection is also perfect for creating round things, for example, a mill or turbine wheel; making souvenirs and children's toys; furniture production.
Wood polishing steps
Primer. It is performed using a tampon wrapped in thin cloth and soaked in varnish, which is applied to the product in different directions and impregnates it. This procedure is done in order to fill the smallest pores and cracks in the base of the tree. After drying, the surface is treated with fine-grained sandpaper, and then the coating is applied again in two layers one after the other. After drying, the product should be treated with last time, diluting it one to one with polish. The prepared item is kept in a closed closet for two days.
Polishing. To do this, use a polish, before working with which the swab is moistened with a small amount vegetable oil. It is brought from the side, and the composition is distributed in smooth circular movements. All processes are carried out in three stages, and after each application the surface is sanded with fine sandpaper and then cleaned of dust. If you do everything correctly, then after the last layer dries you will get a slight gloss.
Polishing. This is carried out so that the surface acquires mirror shine. After all the layers have dried well after polishing, the base is lightly treated with the finest sandpaper, which is pre-moistened in oil. Then it is applied to the tampon a small amount of polish, and the surface is rubbed with the composition until shiny. In order to improve the strength characteristics of a wooden product, this procedure is repeated several times. On last stage The surface is wiped with a soft cloth soaked in water.
Aged wood effect
In order for wooden products created with your own hands to become exclusive, an aging effect is used, which can be achieved in three ways.
The chemical method is suitable only for hardwoods, since they contain tannins. To do this, the surface must be covered ammonia, after which it will darken and acquire a characteristic gray tint.
Using the thermal method, you can age any breed. Initially, the surface is treated with stain, and then singed with a soldering iron until a natural textured pattern appears on it. Then the carbon deposits are removed with a brush. Everything is varnished.
The mechanical method (often called branching) is best suited for coniferous species. For this method, you will need a metal brush, which needs to cut through the wood fibers - remove the soft layers, after which hard fibers will appear, which will give the material an aged look. Using this procedure, you can hide small defects that appear during the work process. At the last stage, everything is covered with varnish or paint.
Finishing technology
Created with your own hands, after production they are covered with paint. Thanks to this, they will be especially beautiful and practical. This is done using a swab or soft brush. Small surfaces, as well as wooden carvings, are best painted with thin watercolor brushes.
Before use, the stain is slightly diluted, after which it is easily applied in several layers, the number of which will depend on the required color. Since all parts of wood absorb paint differently, it is impossible to coat the product in one go. After each stage, the parts must be completely dried, then you need to walk a little over the surface with sandpaper, remove dust and apply the next layer.
Care
In order for wooden products created with your own hands to look beautiful, they need special care. Steam and moisture easily penetrate inside, but evaporate just as easily. To protect the coating, it is best to use decorative wax. Humidity will not harm products that are coated with such a composition. It is applied with a brush in several stages. This layer will provide excellent protection against minor mechanical damage. To apply, you will need a cloth swab, with which the wax is rubbed with wide movements in the direction of the wood texture. To dry, the product must be kept for one night at a temperature of +20°C.
