How to tie boilers with different diameters. Gas heating boiler piping diagram and its elements. Additional energy sources for a private home: generators and uninterruptible power supplies

Almost all piping in this case consists of connecting the supply pipeline and return pipeline to the boiler.

When such piping of a gas heating boiler is implemented, the scheme will be working as soon as you hang the boiler on the wall and connect the heating system pipes to it. Of course, if you have a main gas supply or a gas holder installed.

If you have it installed, then bringing cold water to its second circuit tap water, you will receive hot water for domestic hot water at the outlet.

Piping diagram with a floor-mounted single-circuit gas boiler

What will be the wiring diagram for single-circuit? In fact, it will be identical to the one we discussed above. Only the boiler body will be “gutted” - all components will be outside and stand alone.

It turns out that the floor-standing housing will contain only two components from the list above:

1. Gas-burner.
2. Heat exchanger.

All other devices will be located in the boiler room itself - this is a safety group, expansion tank and a circulation pump.

And in the case of domestic hot water production, the role of the “second circuit” will be played by the BKN - indirect heating boiler.

That is, the system has become more “scattered”, but formally retained all the same parts as in the diagram with a double-circuit gas wall-mounted boiler.

All other attributes of heat-generating equipment - water mixing system and supply gas pipe with sensors and meters - are the same in any scheme. That is, they can, of course, be different and no longer depend on the type of boiler.

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Installation and piping of a gas boiler for heating a private house must be carried out in accordance with the rules prescribed in the regulatory documentation. Compliance with them is mandatory, since any gas-using equipment is a source of increased danger. The purpose of this article is to explain the essence of these rules, as well as to describe methods of connecting various heat generators and present the corresponding wiring diagrams.

General rules for installing gas equipment

A homeowner planning to install a gas boiler in his home should understand several general rules:

• building codes stipulate that gas-using equipment, including boilers, can only be installed if design documentation is available.
• technical conditions for the implementation of the project are issued by the organization that supplies natural gas, and it also carries out subsequent approval of the documentation;
• you can do the installation of the heating unit, as well as its connection to the heating system and chimney, with your own hands, but in accordance with design solutions;
• It is prohibited to independently supply a gas line to the combustion room and connect it to the boiler. This work must be performed by companies with special permission.

Note. Typically, the gas supply organization undertakes the entire complex of work on design, installation and connection to the main line.

Requirements for the premises for installing a gas boiler in a private house

The homeowner’s task is to decide in which room to place the boiler installation. Users often have questions about whether it is possible to install a gas boiler in a bathroom, toilet or other rooms. In this regard, building codes provide clear instructions according to which installation of a heat generator is allowed in the following places:

• in the kitchen, if the thermal power of the unit does not exceed 60 kW;
• in any separate room located near the outer wall of the building;
• in an external extension to the house;
• in a separate boiler room building.

For reference. IN Russian Federation all standards regarding the placement of gas boilers are prescribed in the document MDS 41-2.2000. In other countries former USSR operate their own regulations, but from the technical side they are practically no different from Russian ones.

It turns out that placing a heat generator in a bathroom or other living room is not allowed. If you plan to install a heating unit in the kitchen, then you must take into account that its height must be at least 2.5 m. Second requirement: the minimum volume of the room must be 15 m3 + 0.2 m3 for each kW of boiler power. For example, to install a 15 kW unit, you need a kitchen with a volume of 15 + 15 x 0.2 = 18 m3. In addition, a window and a supply grille built into the lower part of the entrance door are required. Its flow area is at least 0.025 m2.

Which gas boiler is allowed to be installed in a kitchen or other separate room - floor-mounted or wall-mounted - is not regulated by standards.

When placing thermal equipment in other separate rooms or extensions to them are subject to the same height requirements, and the minimum volume is limited to a fixed figure - 15 m3. In this case, the following distances must be maintained between the body of the floor-standing unit and the walls:

• from the edge of any part protruding from the front side to the wall - 1 m;
• if maintenance is necessary, passages at least 0.6 m wide are required on the sides;
• At the back you need to provide enough space for connecting the chimney and servicing it, that is, at least 0.6 m in width.

When installing a wall-mounted gas boiler, including inside a kitchen cabinet, the intervals shown in the diagram should be observed:

IN external wall The room needs a window opening to provide natural light. The glazing area is taken at the rate of 0.03 m2 for each cubic meter of boiler room volume. The partitions separating it from adjacent rooms must be fireproof and withstand the effects of flame in the event of a fire for 45 minutes.

A few words about supply and exhaust ventilation. Its task is to ensure that the air in the boiler room is replaced three times within 1 hour. In numbers, this is expressed as follows: the volume of the room is multiplied by 3, resulting in air flow in m3/hour. For operation of gas boilers with closed camera combustion is enough. But for heat generators that take combustion air directly from the room (open chamber), the consumption of this air should be added to the threefold exchange. Its meaning can be found from technical passport on the product.

Is it possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment?

The difficulties associated with this event are not at all technical. In fact, the technical requirements for installing a gas boiler in an apartment are no different from the standards for a private house. We need a kitchen of the required volume that meets these requirements, in which it functions normally supply and exhaust ventilation. According to these indicators, most kitchens in apartments in multi-storey buildings are suitable for placing boilers.

Another thing is that the installation of individual heating requires obtaining permission from local governments. This can be difficult and sometimes impossible. In addition, the legislation of some countries of the former USSR directly prohibits the installation of individual heating using gas boilers. Hence the conclusion: theoretically it is possible to install a heat generator in an apartment, but in practice you may encounter problems with its legalization and connection to gas networks.

How to wire a heat generator

At its core gas boilers They are high-tech automated devices, so tying them is quite simple, even with your own hands. It consists of the following activities:

• connection to a water heating system;
• organization of removal of combustion products;
• connection to the DHW network if the unit is double-circuit.

Note. We do not consider connecting to the gas main, since it is impossible to do it yourself.

The easiest way is to tie the boiler wall type, it already has a built-in circulation pump, and sometimes it also has an expansion tank. You just need to hang the heat generator on the wall and connect the heating system pipes to it from below. They should be connected using American connections, installing shut-off valves in front of them. It is also necessary to install a strainer (dirt filter) on the return pipeline.

The connection to the chimney depends on the type of boiler. A unit with an open combustion chamber is connected to a vertical chimney pipe brought to the roof level. Turbocharged heat generators take air from outside, so they require a short horizontal chimney, called a coaxial one. It is laid directly through the wall to the street, although no one forbids bringing the pipe to the roof.

Attention! It is prohibited to connect a gas-fired boiler to the ventilation duct.

As for floor heating units that are not equipped with additional equipment, tying them up is somewhat more difficult. You need to buy and install a circulation pump, expansion tank and safety group. How to do this correctly is shown in the diagram:

With more complex system with several heating circuits, a piping method with a hydraulic separator is used, as shown below:

Piping diagram for a double-circuit gas boiler

It cannot be said that connecting a heat generator to a hot water supply network greatly complicates the entire process. Unlike a conventional boiler, the piping of a double-circuit boiler involves 2 additional pipelines, which must be connected to the corresponding pipes of the unit. So there are no special difficulties, you just need to spend more time. The correct connection of a heater with two heating circuits is shown in the diagram:

Note. It is assumed that the strainer is installed at the entrance of the water supply to the house.

Because the double-circuit boilers are not designed for intensive hot water supply, then it will be enough to lay a pipe to 2-3 main consumers in the house. In this case, you should not increase the diameter of this pipeline; be guided by the dimensions of the connecting pipe of the heat generator.

Conclusion

When installing and piping a natural gas boiler, you must not deviate from the requirements regulatory documents. Not only that, the very first inspection of the gas service will reveal violations and give an order to eliminate them. Failure to comply with the rules can endanger the health and life of your loved ones, as it can lead to consequences of varying severity.

Important! In the article we consider piping a heating boiler as work to connect it to a finished heating system. This means: radiators, pipes, underfloor heating circuits - everything is already installed, all that remains is to connect the boiler. When studying the issue, you may come across the fact that the boiler piping also includes the installation of all elements of the heating system. But this is wrong, since it is important to separate the heat generator (boiler) and the heat emitter (battery that gives off heat). Everything between them is the harness.

The boiler piping solves three problems:

1. Uniform heat distribution throughout the system.
2. Protecting the boiler from overheating, which can lead to equipment shutdown ( the best option) or explosion (worst option).
3. High-quality supply of hot water, if the boiler is .

Based on the type of installation complexity, heating boiler piping can be divided into complex and simple (conditionally). Simple piping includes a minimum set of instruments, devices, units and is performed, as a rule, for expensive boilers, which already have most of the protection elements and coolant distribution units built into them. Complex piping of the boiler (this is the same set of pipes in the photo) is carried out in the case of installing the simplest boiler, which, in fact, plays the role of a gas burner.

Note: In general, it can be argued that the cost of the boiler and its piping are inversely proportional: the more expensive the boiler, the simpler and cheaper it is to install; the cheaper the boiler, the more expensive and complex the piping scheme.

But this statement does not apply industrial facilities, where increased safety standards apply and a complete piping scheme, sometimes duplicating the already built-in functions of the heating boiler, must be carried out in any case to comply with acceptance standards.

This material does not discuss the piping of industrial boilers installed in large boiler houses that supply heat to individual neighborhoods or enterprises.

Wiring a wall-mounted boiler and water heater

What to buy and why

Elements of the heating boiler piping circuit in the maximum configuration include:

1. Expansion tank.
2. Pump.
3. 8 taps (two for pump, supply, return, and one for supply cold water and to the hot water outlet fitting).
4. Fittings (American nuts, couplings, angles, tees).
5. Mechanical filters (2 pieces) and a softener (1 at the cold water inlet to the boiler).
6. Gas tap and reducer (for gas boiler).
7. Relief valve (air vent).
8. Separate electrical input with automatic power cut-off (for any boilers that have an electrical part, as well as for pumps).
9. Measuring instruments.
10. Adapter from the boiler chimney to the house one (except for gas turbocharged ones - they have a chimney included).
11. In some cases, blower fans and smoke exhausters can be installed if required by the project.

Depending on the boiler and the selected heating system design, some elements may not be used.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the choice of pipe material. Plastic pipes are easy to install and are used everywhere. But sometimes project conditions require the use of steel pipes. Today this is due, in most cases, to the requirement of standards fire safety or fulfillment of technical requirements to ensure uninterrupted operation heating. If they exist, then you need to clarify where and what pipes you can use according to the project. For example, part of the circuit in the boiler room can be made of metal in the boiler room itself, and in residential/office premises switch to plastic. Or make all the piping metal, if this is heating a workshop or workshop and the project requires it.

Work order:

1. Boiler installation.
2. Plumbing work to connect the boiler to the heating system consists of: connecting the supply and return with installing a filter on the latter, installing a filter and softener for cold water inlet (for refilling the heating system), installing a hot water tap.
3. Installation and testing of pump operation.
4. Connecting a fuel source (gas, electricity)
5. Air valve installation.
6. Installation of expansion tank.
7. Installation of control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, thermocouples, pyrometers)
8. Modeling situations for the activation of emergency shutdown systems.
9. Full check of the operation of the heating system with installed boiler piping.
10. Acceptance of work.

Let's start tying the boiler

There are two heating schemes: gravity and forced. The first type is called gravitational because it uses simple laws of physics: due to the difference in the density of the heated and spent coolant, movement occurs along the circuit. The coolant returns to the boiler under the influence of its own weight, without the use of a pump. The creation of a gravitational circuit is not only the basis of all foundations, but also the basis on which the entire safety of the system is built. This rule should never be neglected.

Advantages:

1. Simplicity, which is the key to reliability.
2. Autonomy at work.
3. One of the cheapest strapping options.

Forced heating is when you insert a pump into your gravity circuit. They do this for a number of reasons:

• they want to save on the boiler and fuel: the boiler is small, the system is large, so the pump ensures pumping of the coolant to the very extreme point of the system, so that all of it evenly releases heat into the room;
• correct the operation of an incorrectly installed heating system - the circuit is not gravitational.

The pump circuit is reliable and provides consumer comfort. But the lack of electricity makes it useless.

Piping of floor-standing boilers for a powerful heating system

Initially: the boiler is installed as low as possible to the highest point of the heating system (therefore, in private houses installation in a pit is required).

Note: The lower the boiler is in relation to the radiators and pipes, the better - the safer.

Simple wiring of a solid fuel boiler

The coolant is always saturated with air. It is necessary to allow this air to accumulate and escape - for this purpose an expansion tank is made at the highest point of the system.

Today, many models have their own air vent (or explosion valve). In units without of this element the coolant supply pipe should go strictly vertically upward - this will save you from airing the boiler.

Preparing the boiler piping for finishing operations indoors

If the supply and return pipes exit at the bottom or side of the boiler, then there is an air vent system in the boiler. As a rule, it is found in all models of electric and gas boilers.

On the wiring diagrams (see. photo) you can find a lot of bends, pipe turns, various built-in elements (redundant filters, taps, valves). The master’s task is to reduce their number to the required minimum: there should be fewer bends, and even fewer turns and tees. The principle applies: than simpler system- the more reliable it is.

Solid fuel boilers are easy to connect, but

The combustion process in these boilers is not regulated. Because of this, a number of emergency situations are possible that need to be mitigated. The most common is a power outage, which can cause the pump to fail or stop. The solution is simple - creating additional emergency schemes, which include:

1. Gravity circuit.
2. Cold water supply.
3. Backup power supply for the pump.
4. Installation of a heat storage tank.
5. Additional emergency circuit.

Heating boilers can be of great benefit. But only if they are installed correctly and included in the heating system, taking into account all the nuances.

Peculiarities

If a heating apparatus can be likened to a heart heating system, then the boiler piping is vessels and peripheral organs.

When using such a system, the following actions are carried out:

• provided normal temperature in heating circuits;
• the air contained in the line is discharged;
• supported normal stock coolant;
• the uniform heating of heating devices is monitored;
• supports connecting various heating circuits and adjusting them to a particular temperature;
• increasing the efficiency of distribution of the resulting heat.

Types of heating systems

Such various aspects cannot be implemented equally in all existing heating systems. Connecting a double-circuit gas boiler requires, in particular, that both circuits should not operate in parallel. Therefore in wall-mounted version boilers are always tied the same way. The use of natural water circulation is unacceptable. A number of models are even equipped with a special built-in pump; if not, you will have to use an external system.

The classic approach involves upward movement of the coolant through the initial pipeline. Then the water or antifreeze is distributed through risers, equipped with devices that prevent the circuit from breaking into separate parts. The heating of the room is controlled by radiators, which are equipped with a choke and several jumpers. The second sector of the supply line is equipped with a valve that stops the flow of water; the top of the expansion tank is supplemented with an air vent. To return the coolant to the boiler, a downstream supply line is used.

The inclusion of a floor-standing boiler in the system is somewhat different, but the installation of a circulation pump remains a mandatory requirement. The advantage of automated systems is greater ease of operation and increased comfort. It is possible to provide a clearly defined temperature for specific rooms.

When choosing wall diagram strapping has such weak points as:

• increased technical complexity of execution;
• significant cost of components;
• the need to constantly balance parts;
• high service fee.

The work can be made somewhat easier by using primary-secondary rings. This reduces the number technical systems monitoring the heating effect. But on each ring you will have to install a separate pump. Only this condition makes it possible to make the coolant supply truly uniform for all consumers. Only contacting specialized organizations will help you get the job done correctly.

In some cases, boilers are supplemented with a heat accumulator. The storage tank must be connected in parallel to the circuit. The optimal place for the reservoir is the gap from the boiler to the heat-consuming devices, that is, radiators or heated floors. If you have a storage tank, it is not necessary to connect a system with forced water circulation. However, this means that you will have to install pipes of increased diameter, because only they ensure reliable movement of liquid along the entire line.

Recommended when choosing pumping circuit install several pumps at once. One is located from the boiler to the battery, and the other is on the distribution line after the heat exchanger or on the line where the coolant outflows. This technique allows you to reduce the accumulation of condensate in the boiler. In addition, the heat exchange between the hot water in the heating device and the home radiators is improved.

Theoretically, natural circulation can provide the same efficiency, but in practice it will require the most accurate calculations and scrupulous execution.

Moreover, adding a heat accumulator only aggravates the matter, since the energy stored in it, if it is directed in the wrong place, can even reduce the efficiency of heating. And this is not only discomfort, but also additional costs for fuel or electricity. Therefore, no matter how much you would like to get rid of the choice of a circulation pump, it is not recommended to do so. Not even all professionals are able to prepare a heating system with the necessary characteristics.

A safety group must be installed in any type of harness, which includes the following elements:

• a valve that quickly relieves excessive pressure;
• a pressure gauge that allows you to control pressure;
• an air vent that relieves circuits of accumulating plugs.

Important: safety devices must be installed first and no exceptions to this rule are allowed.

Even just one faucet or valve will cause many problems.

Next, a tee is usually installed in the circuit with a heat accumulator, creating a small boiler circle. It is designed to solve the most important problem - increasing the temperature of the water entering the boiler from the return pipes. The valve is directly connected to a heat sensor placed before the return circuit enters the boiler. If the returning coolant is cold, the valve opens 100%, the water is flowing only along the shortest route. It does not enter the storage tank at all. But it's worth it thermal sensor send a signal that the return circuit has warmed up to +60 degrees, and the valve automatically closes. This does not happen too quickly to avoid jerks in the functioning of the system.

As the water heats up, its passage into the battery increases, and more goes to the batteries. Therefore, the passage of fluid along the shortened route is reduced. The thermostat located inside the valve permanently closes the short-circuit once the chilled water flow reaches an acceptable temperature. If there was no such protection, a large volume of water coming back would be cold, since the boiler does not physically have time to warm everything up. Prolonged contact of the heat generator input with a cold flow provokes the formation of condensation, which negatively affects the condition of the metal casing. Gradually it is undermined, weakened and can fail just by the end of the first heating period.

From the three-way mixing valve to the return entry point there are several more devices. The circulation pump on a shortened heating circuit must be independent from the main pumping unit. The so-called expanzomat is located even closer to the boiler itself. Literally translated, this “mysterious” word means just an expansion tank. Please note: the launch of the expansion tank is carried out strictly through taps or valves; this is the only way to ensure painless replacement, maintenance or repair if necessary.

Next, when the branching node of the short segment is passed, the supply pipe is driven into the top of the accumulator. A pipe leads from the tank to the return circle, which is connected to a valve with three strokes. This allows you to close the loop line from the boiler to the storage tank. Following the tank, another valve with three strokes is mounted at the inlet into the radiator flow.

To connect the pipe connecting other parts to the return channel, a plumbing tee is used.

But these solutions are acceptable unchanged only for feeding the radiator system with heat. Things are different when working with heated floors. When installing boilers that are not of the condensing type, you will have to install a unit of pumps and mixers. There is no other way to balance the temperature regime of the boiler and heated floor. But a special heating needle will not be needed; you can install pipes with a cross-section of 25 mm.

In some cases you have to use a hydraulic gun. A similar device is installed by default in most modern heating systems. But even if an old boiler is installed, which is connected without using a hydraulic arrow, the situation can be corrected. For self-made arrows can be used just a regular piece heating pipe. And if it is not there, then the accompanying documents reflect what it should be and how installation is carried out.

Please note: the most powerful pumps installed to push water through pipes are almost always already equipped with a hydraulic separator.

Quite popular boilers long burning on solid fuel again differ from all the options already described. Crucial right choice places where the heater will be installed.

When designing its location and piping contour, one should be guided by such fundamental considerations as:

• comfort of use;
• Free access;
• safety;
• compliance with basic technological standards.

Typically, long-burning boilers are connected on both sides. To connect the return circuit to them, tees of the required connecting diameter are often used. It is useful to use the same nut that is usually used for bends. Such fasteners minimize the risk of leakage at the junction of the tee and the heater. Transitions with an outer diameter of 2 inches and an internal thread of 1 inch are screwed to the tees (this is called a fitting).

To make it possible to cut off the wings separately, ball valves are used. Thanks to them, the heating system becomes flexible. You can even repair or change parts one at a time without stopping the heating as a whole. Moreover, it becomes possible to use only one circulation pump if the second one suddenly breaks down. The additional expansion tank must be of a closed design; it is connected to the return stroke.

To connect the supply from the boiler to the pumping complex, handicraft manifolds are often used. But this does not mean that you can make them thoughtlessly. The most convenient collectors are those with disassembled contacts of the “American” type. They are very easy to repair, change or customize.

It is very useful to supplement any piping for any boiler with dirt filters, which will have a positive effect on the service life of the equipment.

Often boilers are installed for the purpose of feeding DHW circuit. If a dual-circuit natural gas device is chosen for this purpose, 5 fittings cut from the outside come from below it.

They are designed to provide the following:

• passage of hot water into the heating main;
• direction of the heated coolant towards consumers;
• boiler connection with gas line;
• entry of cold flow;
• return of water (this is the order recognized by engineers as the optimal solution).

But it also happens that you need to piping an automatic single-circuit boiler. Its peculiarity is that you will have to adjust the heating control by adjusting the burner flame. But the system will be simpler; you can almost always get by with wiring in accordance with the instructions in the boiler passport. Usually only two fittings are used: water flows in one at a time, and leaves the heater through the other. Only some versions also have a connection to indirect heating boilers.

A three-way valve helps connect these mechanisms. It must be installed and configured in such a way that heating the liquid in the storage tank has the highest priority for the system. As soon as the meter detects that the water there has cooled, it gives a command to redirect the heated flow. During the summer months the boiler stops completely, which avoids rapid damage from contact with tap water increased rigidity. Installation with two pumps is allowed, when the heating and water lines are connected in parallel (the latter through the boiler).

Elements

The specific filling greatly depends not only on the type of boiler and additional equipment, not only from the discharge of liquid into one or two circuits. For example, the wiring diagram for a two-story house has its own nuances.

The key element - the boiler itself - is calculated primarily taking into account such parameters as:

• total area and volume of heated rooms;
• weather pattern and wind conditions of the area;
• the presence of windows, their sizes and tightness, the quality of thermal protection;
• type of roof, degree of insulation, presence or absence of an attic;
• thermal insulation of walls, floors and ceilings;
• main construction material.

If a non-freezing liquid is chosen as a coolant, you will have to install the most powerful pumps and increase the cross-section of the pipelines. Otherwise, the heat flow into the house and the heating rate will not satisfy the residents. Since antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, you will have to be more careful when using polypropylene and rubber parts. Moreover, this reagent is also harmful to cast iron and non-ferrous metals. Therefore, in most cases it is necessary to install steel stainless steel pipes and radiators.

The batteries themselves can have varying levels of heat output. This depends on their size and the material used. To increase the length or shorten it, sections are added or removed accordingly. A faucet designed by Mayevsky and a thermostatic valve help to achieve a uniform flow of heat over the entire surface of the radiator. Since you may need to Maintenance, it is useful to install a shut-off valve.

Heating radiators are installed strictly along the perimeter of the heated room - below the window sills and next to front door. Optimal results are achieved by using steel pipes without seams or polypropylene pipes. The lower the internal hydraulic resistance, the more efficient the system will operate. Any two-story houses it is necessary to heat using expansion tanks. Since long, intricate circuits inevitably have a lot of pressure inside, only periodic release of the expanding liquid into the reservoir maintains stable operation of the system. The situation is excluded when, due to a pressure surge, the water rapidly boils and damages the pipes themselves and their connections.

Closed heating systems involve installing the tank on the return circuit pipe up to the suction pipe of the pump. The tank itself is raised to a minimum height of 1 m. The diameters of the components are always selected individually.

In addition to the listed products, the following can be installed:

• filters for water and gas;
• collectors;
• check valves;
• safety valves;
• air valves and a number of other components.

Installation

Even the simplest piping, which is done by hand, requires a competent choice of pipes. Products as simple and beloved by many people as polypropylene pipes also need to be used correctly. The ease of operation should not be misleading, although you only need to use a soldering iron. It is allowed to use PN25 pipes, which are reinforced from the inside with aluminum foil.

You purchased a new heating unit, intending to install it yourself and connect it to the heating network of a private home. Installation and piping of the boiler is carried out different ways, depending on the energy carrier used, the type of piping and the presence of additional equipment:

• buffer capacity;
• indirect heating boiler;
• second heat generator.

To help you properly connect the boiler to the heating system with your own hands, we suggest considering existing options connection, then select the appropriate circuit.

Options for piping gas heaters

Strict regulatory requirements apply to the installation and connection of gas boilers:

• the ceiling height of the combustion room is not lower than 2 m, the minimum volume is 8 m³ with equipment power up to 60 kW;
• in the boiler room, supply and exhaust ventilation is required (three times air exchange + additional inflow for combustion), a window is required in the kitchen;
• before attaching the wall-mounted model of the heat generator wooden structure must be protected with a sheet of metal;
• the minimum width of the passage on the front side of the unit is 1 m, the side passage is 60 cm, the distance from the wall to the body is 3 cm;
• the length of the horizontal supply to the main chimney is a maximum of 3 m, the diameter of the pipe is equal to or greater than the cross-section of the heater outlet pipe.

Note. Compliance with these requirements is controlled by the gas supplier company, which gives permission to connect the water heating device to the main line. When installing an autonomous system, the mounted fuel supply system is handed over to the appropriate service for operation.

There are no strict requirements for connecting a gas boiler to a water heating system; the circuit must ensure efficient and safe operation of the unit. Control services do not check the correct connection to radiators or underfloor heating (HF) in a private house; the responsibility lies entirely with the performer of the work.

Connecting a wall-mounted boiler

It is much easier to tie a suspended model of a gas heat generator than a floor-standing one. These units are ready-made boiler rooms in miniature, equipped with the necessary equipment:

• circulation pump;
• expansion tank;
• a safety group consisting of a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic float air vent;
• double-circuit versions are equipped with an additional or combined bithermal heat exchanger that heats water for domestic hot water needs.

Wall-mounted mini-boiler room with a closed combustion chamber and forced air supply from a fan

Reference. Single-circuit “wall units” are often equipped with a special pipe for connection to the heating coil storage boiler. An electric three-way valve installed inside the housing switches heating/DHW modes at the command of the controller receiving thermostat signals.

For normal operation and ease of maintenance of the wall heater, observe the following rules:

Typical piping of a wall-mounted version of a boiler with two circuits - heating and DHW

Communications to the heat generator can be carried out using any plastic pipes– soldered from polypropylene, assembled from metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene. There is no threat of emergency overheating to these pipelines. Above is a typical wiring diagram for a gas double-circuit boiler with a radiator network, hot water supply and water supply.

Note. All suspended heaters - atmospheric, turbocharged, condensing - are designed to work with the system closed type. For a heating network with natural water circulation, you will need a floor-standing, non-volatile boiler.

A single-circuit unit is connected according to a similar scheme, but without water supplies. Read more about correct connection"Wall" is narrated in the video.

IN country cottages large area(over 200 m²) with 3-6 heating circuits, a hydraulic arrow is installed or a scheme of primary/secondary rings is assembled, described at the end of this publication.

Connection to an indirect heating boiler

If the wall heat generator is equipped with a connection pipe storage tank, then the piping is performed according to the previous diagram, only 1 joint with a ball valve is added. Since cheap versions of boilers do not have such a fitting (and a switching valve inside), use the diagram shown in the drawing below.

To connect a simple single-circuit heater with a stationary DHW boiler, purchase a three-way solenoid valve and mechanical thermostat with an immersion sensor inserted inside the corresponding tank sleeve. How does this connection work:

1. Heating priority is always on the boiler side. While the temperature sensor does not record enough high temperature container (adjusted manually), all the coolant is directed to the heating coil.
2. When the water reaches the required temperature, the overhead sensor will notify the boiler controller, which will start the valve servomotor and switch the coolant flow to the radiators or underfloor heating circuits.
3. As water is drawn from the container or cools naturally, the temperature of the water in the tank decreases. The thermocouple signals the electronic unit of the boiler, the valve again transfers the coolant to the boiler.

If the unit does not have a “brains” - an electronics unit, the drive is connected using the TT boiler method

Reference. A heat generator, correctly selected in terms of power, heats the hot water tank in 15-25 minutes. The burner operates at maximum mode.

Schemes for floor heat generator

The main difference between the piping of a stationary boiler and a wall-mounted one is the addition of auxiliary elements that are not initially included in its design:

• circulation pump - set it to supply or return, there is no difference;
• For trouble-free removal of the pump, we provide 2 taps on the sides;
• expansion membrane tank we connect to the return line, we also install cut-off valves on the supply line;
• immediately at the outlet of the heater we install a separate safety group without any taps.

We use the remaining parts of the piping - taps, mud traps - according to the diagram. We immediately decided to show the connection of a double-circuit floor-standing unit, so as not to make several identical pictures.

The pump can be installed both in the supply and return pipelines

Comment. There are floor-standing boilers of imported origin (for example, Protherm), equipped like wall-mounted units - an expansion tank, a pump, a safety valve and even a built-in boiler. Such heat generators are connected in a similar way to hanging boilers and can only operate in a closed system with excess coolant pressure.

Protozoa floor models with automation are not included in the house electrical network and are connected to a gravity (gravity) water heating system according to a similar scheme. What is the difference:

• diameter of connected lines – 40…50 mm (internal);
• pipes are brought to the unit with a slope of 3-5 mm per 1 meter of length;
• an open type expansion tank is used, installed in highest point– on the supply riser;
• the auxiliary pump is mounted on the bypass along with a sump tank and shut-off valves.

On main lines you will have to use large diameter taps - DN40 or DN50

It makes no sense to install a security group in an open system - overpressure in the network is zero, the pressure gauge will not show anything, and the relief valve will never work. The air vent is also useless - bubbles escape into the atmosphere through the expansion tank during the filling process.

If it is necessary to connect TP circuits and radiators to an attached unit, the system is divided into 2 branches. The distribution manifold for underfloor heating is connected to one, and the radiator network to the second.

In a buiding small area TP circuits can operate without mixing unit and an additional pump - the temperature in the loops is maintained by RTL thermal heads

How to tie solid fuel boilers

The connection diagram for a wood-burning heat generator is designed to solve 3 problems (in addition to supplying the batteries with coolant):

1. Preventing overheating and boiling of the TT boiler.
2. Protection against cold return copious discharge condensation inside the firebox.
3. Work with maximum efficiency, that is, in the mode of full combustion and high heat transfer.

Note. For units with a cast iron heat exchanger, protection against temperature shock, leading to cracking of sections, is important. The phenomenon occurs in a closed system when water circulation stops due to a power outage. After supplying electricity, the cooled coolant sharply cools the cast iron, resulting in cracks.

The presented wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler with a three-way mixing valve allows you to protect yourself from condensation in the furnace and bring the heat generator into operation maximum efficiency. How it works:

1. While the system and heater are not warmed up, the pump drives water through the small boiler circuit, since the three-way valve is closed on the radiator side.
2. When the coolant heats up to 55-60 degrees, the valve set to the specified temperature begins to mix in water from the cold “return”. Heating network country house gradually warms up.
3. When the maximum temperature is reached, the valve completely closes the bypass, all water from the TT boiler goes into the system.
4. A pump installed on the return line pumps water through the jacket of the unit, preventing the latter from overheating and boiling. If you put the pump on supply, the chamber with the impeller can fill with steam, pumping will stop and the boiler is guaranteed to boil.

The principle of heating using a three-way valve is used for piping any solid fuel heat generators - pyrolysis, pellet, direct and long-term combustion. The exception is gravity distribution, where the water moves too slowly and does not provoke condensation. The valve will create high hydraulic resistance, preventing gravity flow.

If the manufacturer has equipped the solid fuel unit with a water circuit, the coil can be used for emergency cooling in case of overheating. Please note: the fuse on the safety group is triggered by pressure, not temperature, and therefore is not always able to protect the boiler.

A proven solution is to connect the DHW coil to the water supply through a special thermal relief valve, as shown in the diagram. The element will be triggered by a temperature sensor and at the right moment will pass a large volume of cold water through the heat exchanger.

Using the Buffer Capacity

The best way to increase the efficiency of a TT boiler is to connect it to heating through a buffer tank. At the inlet of the heat accumulator we assemble a proven circuit with a three-way mixer, at the outlet we install a second valve that maintains the required temperature in the batteries. Circulation in the heating network is ensured by a second pump.

Balancing valve on the return line is needed to adjust the performance of the pumps

What we gain thanks to the thermal accumulator:

• the boiler burns at maximum and reaches the declared efficiency, fuel is used efficiently;
• the likelihood of overheating is sharply reduced since the unit dumps excess heat into a buffer tank;
• the heat accumulator plays the role of a hydraulic arrow; several heating branches can be connected to the tank, for example, radiators of the 1st and 2nd floors, floor heating circuits;
• a fully heated tank maintains the operation of the system for a long time when the wood in the boiler firebox has burned out.

Note. Factory heat accumulators are often equipped with electric heaters - heating elements, which maintain the water temperature in the upper zone of the tank. How to make a connection between the heater and the tank, watch the video:

TT boiler and storage water heater

In order to load an “indirect” boiler using a wood-burning heat generator, you need to embed the latter into the boiler circuit, as shown in the picture. Let's explain the functions individual elements scheme:

• check valves prevent the coolant from flowing in the other direction along the circuits;
• the second pump (it is enough to take a low-power model 25/40) provides circulation through the spiral heat exchanger of the water heater;
• the thermostat turns off this pump when the boiler reaches the set temperature;
• An additional air vent prevents the supply line from becoming aired, which will be above the standard safety group.

In a similar way, you can connect the boiler to any boiler that is not equipped with an electronic control unit.

Electric and diesel heat generators

Connecting a diesel fuel boiler to the radiator system is identical to piping gas-using installations. Reason: a diesel unit operates on a similar principle - an electronically controlled burner heats the heat exchanger with a flame, maintaining the set coolant temperature.

Electric boilers, in which the water is heated by heating elements, an induction core, or through the electrolysis of salts, are also connected directly to the heating. Automation located in an electrical cabinet connected to the network according to the electrical diagram provided is responsible for maintaining temperature and safety. Other connection options are shown in a separate publication on heating boilers.

Wall-mounted mini-boiler rooms equipped with tubular heaters are intended only for closed systems heating. To work with gravity wiring, you will need an electrode or induction unit, which is tied according to the standard scheme:

If you look at it, you don’t need a bypass here - the boiler won’t work without electricity either

Systems with two boilers

If it is necessary to organize heating of the coolant in closed scheme from two heat generators, use the principle of parallel connection. Let us explain the algorithm for the joint operation of two boilers - electric and solid fuel (the piping is shown in the figure):

1. The main heat source is a TT boiler connected in a standard way through a three-way valve. To prevent flows from looping in the other direction, a check valve is installed on each branch.
2. When a stack of firewood burns out, the air in the house begins to cool. The temperature drop is detected by the room thermostat and starts the electric boiler with a pump.
3. A decrease in the temperature in the supply line of the TT boiler to 50-55 °C causes the overhead thermostat to turn off the circulation pump of the solid fuel circuit.
4. After the next loading of firewood, the supply pipe heats up, the temperature sensor starts the pump and heating priority returns to the solid fuel unit. The room thermostat no longer turns on the electric boiler because the air temperature does not drop.

It is also necessary to install a safety group at the output of the electric boiler; it is not shown in the figure.

Important point. The above-described piping option can be used for any pair of boilers. When installing a wall heater, a second pump is not installed.

Two heat generators, for example, gas and electric, are easily connected through a heat accumulator. The turning on and stopping of both boilers can be organized in various ways - by the temperature of the water in the tank, by time using a timer. Check valves not needed here.

If it is necessary to dock 2-3 units of thermal power equipment with several heating circuits, it is better to assemble a diagram of the primary / secondary rings. The principle is as follows: all heat sources and consumers with their pumps are connected to a common ring made of a pipe of increased diameter Ø26...40 mm (depending on the number of branches). Circulation inside the ring is provided by a separate pump.

The order of equipment installation matters: the water heater receives the hottest coolant, followed by the batteries, and finally the TP (along the water flow)

In a system with natural coolant movement, two boilers are also combined in parallel. Here it is important to withstand slopes of pipes Ø40...50 mm, and also to avoid sharp turns, using bends at an angle of 45° or bends with a large bend radius.

The water diverges along two parallel branches with boilers. But the unit that is currently turned on will make it move by gravity; the pump starts at the request of the owner

Advice. Serial connection 2 units have the right to life, but it is better not to use such a harness. Water heated in the first boiler will pass through the cold heat exchanger of the second and will certainly lose some of the heat.

Conclusion

Describing the options for piping boilers, we listed simple methods available for self-installation. But remember: the chosen scheme still needs to be tied to your specific conditions. Somewhere there is not enough space to place the equipment or the pipes are installed inconveniently; for some, the boiler is located right next to the buffer tank. Therefore, before assembly, we recommend consulting with an experienced plumber or design engineer.