Foundation waterproofing roll materials- the most effective and frequently used method of protecting the concrete base of buildings and structures from the destructive effects of moisture. The strength and durability of such an important product depends on the quality of waterproofing work. structural element like a foundation. Contrary to popular belief, it is not so difficult to do high-quality waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands. Videos of the entire process with step-by-step comments are freely available. Here we will consider information about the main waterproofing materials for the foundation and the technology for applying them to the surface.
Classification of rolled waterproofing materials
All waterproofing roll materials produced by modern construction industry, are usually divided into 3 main types:
- Rolled materials of adhesive type. They are strips of waterproof material with different compositions, rolled into rolls. Installation is carried out by sticking to the surface that needs to be protected using adhesive mastic or an adhesive layer already applied to the material. For quality protection Apply several layers overlapping. The most famous materials of this type are: roofing felt, glassine, glass insulation.
- Materials that are heated by a torch or construction hairdryer during installation. Waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials using the fusing method ensures very good adhesion to the protected surface. The softening effect of a special bitumen or polymer layer occurs with strong heating.
- Diffusion modern film membranes. This is a technologically advanced material, which, due to the special structure of its pores, is capable of not only protecting from external influence moisture, but also removes water vapor from inside the room. Thanks to this, a foundation waterproofed in this way retains strength and integrity for a very long time.
The first two types of roll materials are used for adhesive waterproofing. The technology of each material has its own nuances, but there are general rules for all of them.
Technology of adhesive waterproofing
From the name itself it is clear that such materials must be glued to the protected surface of the foundation. This is done in several steps:
Waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials of the pasted type has a low cost, but is often associated with the need to carry out “dirty work” and the use of open fire sources.
Types of membrane waterproofing materials
Waterproofing membranes were invented not so long ago. They are made from polymer materials using a special technology that provides excellent protection of the foundation from soil and surface waters. The installation technology makes this waterproofing very resistant to settlement and deformation of the foundation. Membrane materials are available for both vertical and horizontal waterproofing.
Vertical external walls foundations experience significant constant loads from the surrounding soil. For such surfaces, a profiled membrane is intended, which is capable of distributing the load evenly over the surface. WITH outside The material has spike-like protrusions that perfectly protect the membrane from pressure. Moisture accumulates on them, which flows freely into the drainage device.
Waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials with a smooth structure is carried out while protecting its horizontal surfaces. The smooth film does not allow water to rise through the capillaries of the soil to the base of the foundation.
Installation of films for vertical and horizontal waterproofing is carried out according to different technologies. The studded membrane is welded with a construction hairdryer to special metal-plastic guides fixed to the walls of the foundation. The smooth film is simply laid overlapping and then welded using hot air.
Waterproofing the foundation with roll materials: vertical method
Work on waterproofing the foundation using rolled membrane-type materials using the horizontal method is carried out in the following order:
- Careful preparation of the base plane. The foundation is cleaned of all types of contaminants and all protrusions and protruding pieces of reinforcement are polished. At heavily polluted that cannot be eliminated, geotextiles are glued to the foundation.
- Internal corners are reinforced with special tape or polymer mastic. In addition, you can install fillets on them.
- Every 1.5 m in length and 2 m in height, rondels are attached to the surface, which are necessary in order to weld the membrane sheet onto them with hot air.
- The material is cut to the size of the foundation. The margin for allowances is 10 cm.
- Using a construction hairdryer, the material is welded to the rondels at several points. To select the required temperature, you need to experiment. It is especially important to weld the joints with high quality. This must be done with a double seam every 20 mm.
Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing: video and description of the horizontal method
Horizontal waterproofing is installed to protect the lower surface of the foundation from groundwater. There are quite a lot of videos on how to do such foundation waterproofing with your own hands. However, it is worth examining the process in detail.
Since the film bears colossal loads from the entire monolith, the base must be prepared very well. A sand cushion is placed at the bottom of the foundation trench, which is carefully compacted and leveled. Its thickness can reach 10 cm. Geotextile with a density of 400 g/m2 is placed on the pillow, overlapping with an allowance of 15 cm, which is welded with a hot air stream. A membrane with an overlap of 10 cm is already laid on the geotextile.
On top of the hydro insulating material another layer of geotextile is laid, the density of which is 500 g/m2. It will compensate for the load and provide additional protection from damage. A polyethylene film 200 microns thick is additionally laid on top. This will prevent the concrete from leaking towards the waterproofing layer. After this, the foundation monolith is poured. At this point, do-it-yourself horizontal waterproofing of the foundation can be considered complete. A video of this technology allows you to clearly see all the nuances of the process.
High-quality waterproofing of the foundation with rolled materials ensures its reliable and long-term operation, which affects the durability and safety of the entire building.
In the process of completing the foundation of the house, very important point, which you simply cannot do without, is the protection of the base from moisture, which can come both during rains and during snow melting or from groundwater. This will ensure a long service life of not only the foundation, but also the house as a whole. Most often, roll materials are used for waterproofing, of which there are many varieties today. They will be discussed in this article and how to properly waterproof a foundation with rolled materials.
Types of rolled waterproofing materials
As mentioned above, today there are several types of rolled materials that are successfully used for waterproofing not only the foundation, but also other surfaces. So among them several main groups can be distinguished:
- Pasting materials. This is the most popular and affordable type of waterproofing. These include the well-known roofing felt, glassine and stekloizol. The technology for applying them to the surface is quite simple; special mastics or glue are used for this, but we will go into more detail a little further.
- Weldable materials. This type of material is a roll material that is fused to the surface because it contains a bitumen or polymer layer that is heated during the installation process.
- Diffusion film membranes. This type of material is expensive, but it not only protects the foundation from the outside, but also allows vapors to be removed from inside the building.
Each type of material protects the foundation well from high humidity, however, they all differ in price and the choice depends only on your financial situation.
Advantages of using roll materials for waterproofing
Among the advantages of roll materials, it can be noted that they are accessible to almost all segments of the population and do not have too high a price. In addition, the quality of waterproofing is no different from more expensive materials.
Surface preparation before applying waterproofing
Regardless of what type of roll material will be used to insulate the surface, it is necessary to properly prepare the surface on which it will be applied, otherwise it may lead to undesirable consequences. So to do this you need to do the following:
- The surface must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of debris, dirt, paint, mold or mildew.
- On concrete base You need to screed to make the surface as smooth as possible. The thickness of the screed usually does not exceed about 3-5 cm.
- All sharp corners and edges must be rounded, otherwise this may lead to damage to the materials.
When preparatory work completed, you can safely begin laying insulation according to the technology of the selected material.
Technology for laying adhesive and built-up waterproofing
To perform waterproofing with adhesive or weld-on waterproofing, you must adhere to the following steps:
- The surface must be treated with a special primer.
- Next, a layer of mastic or varnish is applied over the primer to obtain good adhesion between the surface and the material.
- Next, the insulating material is laid: the lining material is laid in several layers, and the joints are coated with mastic, and the surfaced one is fused in one layer with a gas torch.
- After the waterproofing material has been laid, it must be additionally coated with mastic or varnish.
- Upon completion of the work, a protective layer is installed, that is, they lay brick, concrete, or perform thermal insulation of the foundation.
- Next, you can install drainage and fill the foundation, or make a blind area.
Membrane waterproofing installation technology
This type of material is relatively new, and the technology for its installation differs significantly from the use of adhesive or weld-on materials, but it is quite simple. Membrane insulation is different high quality protection and resistance to foundation shrinkage.
Depending on the direction of waterproofing, different materials will be used. So, to arrange the vertical walls of the foundation surface, it is necessary to use a profiled membrane, which has protrusions in the form of spikes on one side. It allows you to evenly distribute pressure over the surface of the foundation, and also condenses moisture on its outer studded side, which easily flows into the drainage thanks to loose fit soil. For a horizontal surface, it is necessary to use a smooth membrane that will not allow moisture to rise through the pores of the concrete.
The technology for laying these types of membranes is as follows:
- The profiled membrane is fixed using special metal elements with PVC coating. They are fixed to the foundation walls, after which the membrane is fixed to them using a special construction heat gun.
- The smooth membrane is laid on the foundation with an overlap, and the joints are welded using the same construction hair dryer.
Technology for horizontal foundation waterproofing
Horizontal insulation is performed in the following sequence:
- First of all, it is necessary to prepare the surface and carry out all the necessary preparatory work. So, if the membrane is to be laid to protect against underground groundwater, then it should be laid on a prepared sand backfill. To do this, the surface is leveled and covered with sand.
- Next, it is necessary to lay a layer of geotextile on the sand so that the overlap of the material at the joints is about 15 cm.
- Then the membrane film is laid. The film joints should be about 10 cm, and their welding should be carried out using a semi-automatic welding mechanism or a hand-held heat gun.
- After laying the membrane, it is necessary to check the quality of the seams, and if everything is in order, then an additional layer of geotextile is laid on top of it. Waterproofing is checked as follows: the film is punctured in one place and air is pumped under the film using a special compressor. The air pressure should be maintained for approximately 20 minutes, otherwise it is necessary to look for a poor-quality seam using soapy water, after which it is additionally glued and checked again.
- Finally, a polyethylene film (200 microns) is laid and covered with a concrete or cement screed. This is done in order to prevent the penetration of concrete into the geotextile and reduce the chance of damage to the waterproofing during seasonal ground movements.
Technology for vertical waterproofing of foundations
Vertical waterproofing differs from horizontal and is performed as follows:
- The surface of the foundation is cleaned of all contaminants, all cracks, grooves, pits, etc. are removed, grease, foam, and other materials are removed. Protruding reinforcement is cut down and ground.
- Next, install the dumbbells on internal corners or they perform reinforcement using waterproofing tape or polymer mastic.
- Then the rondels are fixed at a distance of 1-1.5 m along the horizontal length and 2 m along the vertical length from each other.
- The next step is to cut the rolled materials, taking into account allowances of about 10 cm.
- The rolled material is fixed to the rondels using spot welding with a hot air gun.
- Finally, the surface of the smooth material is glued with geotextile using contact glue. This must be done to protect the material from possible damage. When using a profiled membrane, it does not require additional protection.
Thus, we can summarize that roll waterproofing for foundations is still most often used, but membrane waterproofing is becoming increasingly popular because it is durable, waterproof and resistant to mechanical loads.
IKOPAL ULTRANAP is a multilayer bitumen-polymer roll material. SBS-modified bitumen binder is applied to a base with reinforcing polyester non-woven fiber. The bottom layer is a low-melting polymer film, which simplifies the installation of the waterproofing sheet. Fine-grained quartz coating on top. There is a plastic film along the edge of the top and bottom, which prevents the material from sticking together.
IKOPAL ULTRANAP is used for waterproofing underground and buried structures for various purposes, external insulation of wells, hydraulic structures, storm sewer, foundations, including shallow strip foundations, etc. Protects the structure at different depths of groundwater, prevents the penetration of capillary moisture. Can be successfully used in combination with coating waterproofing.
Material structure
The bitumen-polymer membrane IKOPAL ULTRANAP is suitable for use in all climatic zones of Russia. The service life exceeds 30 years.
Physical and technical characteristics
| The value of the indicator according to specifications | |
|---|---|
| Width, mm | 1000 |
| Length, m | 10 |
| Weight 1 m², kg | 5 |
| Tensile tensile strength, N, not less | 900 (11301) |
| Heat resistance for 2 hours, at temperature, °C, not less | 110 |
| Flexibility on a beam with a rounded radius of 25 mm at a temperature of °C, not higher | -30 |
| Binder brittleness temperature according to Fraas, °C, not higher | -40 |
| Waterproof pressure: - 0.2 MPa for 24 hours; - 0.5 MPa for 6 hours |
no signs of water penetration |
| Water absorption by mass, no more | 1 (0,03*) |
(*) - results of tests of materials in the branch of OJSC TsNIIS Research Center "Tunnels and Subways".
Preparation of the insulated surface and roll waterproofing
The surface on which the material will be laid must be cleared of debris, dust, soil, and ensure that it is level and well-dried. If there are cracks, potholes and other irregularities, they need to be repaired. It is also necessary to eliminate protruding parts, for example, reinforcement cage.
Note! Installation of IKOPAL ULTRANAP bitumen-polymer materials on open areas cannot be carried out in any precipitation.
When installing waterproofing using the fusion method, it is important to remove all contaminants from the insulated surface of the foundation (for example, oil stains, cement laitance). For this you can use sandblasting, after which it is necessary to remove dust from the surface.
Before starting work, the polymer membrane must be rolled out and allowed to rest for several hours to level. Also remove the protective anti-adhesive material from the roll material. plastic film. For high-quality installation, before carrying out work in the cold season, the membrane must first be kept at a temperature of about 15°C for 24 hours and rewound.
Waterproofing with IKOPAL ULTRANAP roll materials in the underground part of buildings is carried out:
- Method loose laying.
- By fusing method.
- A combination of free laying and fusing.
Waterproofing by free-laying method
Advice. When installing using the free-laying method on foundation slab It is recommended to first lay a layer of geotextile fabric with a surface density of 300 g/m². Geotextiles are laid with an overlap of 100 cm along all edges. On vertical surfaces, the top edge is mechanically secured.
For free lay installation you will need:
- Hot air welding machine or gas torch - for welding seams.
- Seaming machine - for processing longitudinal overlap seams.
- Stitching roller - for processing end overlap seams.
The procedure for carrying out work on horizontal surfaces:
- Lay the membrane with an overlap of 10 cm. Joints along the length should be offset by 1 m from adjacent rolls.
- Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welder, then roll them.
- To seal the seams on top, it is recommended to fuse IKOPAL bandage tape and also roll it.
The procedure for carrying out work on vertical surfaces:
- Lay the waterproofing in successive rows from bottom to top, rolling out the sheet vertically. The overlap along the edges of the canvases is 10 cm.
- At a distance of 5 cm from the top edge, mechanically secure the rolled bitumen-polymer membrane with a metal strip with dimensions 4 x 40 x 600 mm. Secure the strip with self-tapping screws or dowel nails in increments of up to 25 cm.
- Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welding machine, from bottom to top, rolling with a roller.
- Install the next highest row of waterproofing sheet with an overlap of 20 cm on the previous one. Move adjacent rows of fabric so that there are no cross-shaped joints.
- If the canvas is laid on a vertical surface higher than 3.5 m, then it must be additionally secured with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails) every 3-3.5 m.
- To eliminate leaks on the mounting metal strips, fuse a bandage tape with an overlap of 10 cm, rolling it with a roller.
- To seal the seams, also fuse bandage tape onto them, rolling it with a roller as necessary.
- Secure the material above ground level to the wall of the building with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails). Apply bandage tape to the metal strip that overlaps the wall to prevent moisture penetration. Roll it with a roller.
The bitumen-polymer membrane can also be laid using the free method for additional waterproofing of the blind area. Crushed stone and a sand cushion are poured onto the membrane, on which any coating is then laid.
Carrying out work using the fusion method
Advice. Before fusing the ULTRANAP roll material onto the insulated surface, it is recommended to apply a primer. Fusing should begin after it has completely dried.
When fusing rolled waterproofing for the foundation, you will need a gas burner.
Work order:
- Fuse the fabric with an overlap of 10 cm. The joints along the length of the rolled material should be staggered with an offset of adjacent rolls by 1 m.
- Lay the second layer similarly to the first, with offset overlaps relative to the seams of the first layer.
- When installing on vertical surfaces, fuse from bottom to top, excluding cross-shaped joints. If necessary, secure the waterproofing sheet with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails). To seal metal strips, fuse banding tape over them with an overlap of 10 cm.
- Secure the material above ground level to the wall of the building with edge strips or metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails).
Note! When properly fusing rolled waterproofing (or when welding seams), the bitumen mass should flow out evenly 5-10 mm along the edge of the sheet.
Waterproofing the underground part of buildings and structures
Depending on the specifics of the pit fencing device underground part buildings and structures can be waterproofed using the free-laying method of bitumen-polymer membrane:
- With fastening to the walls of the building - to create a water barrier if the wall is not adjacent to the enclosing structure of the pit, as well as in pits with slopes with a slope.
- With fastening to the enclosing structure - if the wall is adjacent to the enclosing structure of the pit.
In 50% of cases, it is used to protect foundations from ground and storm drains. roll waterproofing several types. Materials stick to the surface foundation with a layer of self-adhesive, onto mastics or directed onto it by melting the bitumen base. Mechanical methods fastenings are present in membranes, which are used less often in foundation work than in roofing work.
How effective is adhesive waterproofing?
Previously used roofing felt, roofing felt, and other cardboard-based materials have too little service life during underground operation. They gave way to rolls based on polyester and fiberglass. The main advantage in comparison with coating materials is 100% compliance with operating conditions:
When using coating mastics, each such layer will have to be created additionally, spending extra money. Materials with a self-adhesive bottom layer are more expensive, so developers prefer to glue the rolls with mastic or fuse them with an applied bitumen layer - renting a burner is cheaper.
The service life of adhesive waterproofing is a maximum of 30 years, after which the protection must be restored. However, in combination with mastics, primers, and penetrating compounds, the protective carpet will last more than 50 years.
Types of roll materials
The common name for adhesive waterproofing has become the name of roll materials hydroisol. Within this category foundation waterproofing classified according to the following criteria:
Different manufacturers produce for foundation multilayer roll materials with different properties. For example, Technoelast has a 30-year service life (six times longer than roofing felt) and has several modifications. For underground reinforced concrete structures, the Technoelast Standard weld-on type option with a budget cost is usually used.
Roll waterproofing Uniflex has a shorter lifespan (within 25 years) and consists of five layers:
The manufacturer uses large, small granite chips, which increases the price to 130 rubles/m2, which is three times higher than the budget Bikrost K with the same abrasive protection. The TechnoNIKOL company produces adhesive materials for foundation several categories. Unlike Bikrost with a 10-year resource, the developer can choose Uniflex on a fiberglass base with 30 summer term services.
Foundation roll waterproofing technology
Since in most cases the welding method is used, initial stage you need to buy/rent propane, gas burner, without which heating of the mastic or bitumen layer is impossible. Then you should decide on the amount of material of each type:
- in places where radon escapes, foil is used foundation waterproofing
- When backfilling with crushed stone or rocky soil, it is necessary to use rolls of coarse abrasive chips
- for reinforced reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, materials based on fiberglass or polyester fabric should be used
Roll waterproofing should be purchased taking into account overlap, launch (from sole to side faces plates, tapes, from the side surfaces to the top edge). The polyester base is more elastic, inert to aggressive substances, unlike fiberglass, costs less, and is not afraid of negative temperatures.
Preparation
For poured into formwork foundation characterized by sagging, shells, and depressions on the outer edges of slabs, pillars, and ribbons. Unlike coating materials, rolls cannot create a film carpet under these conditions. Therefore, all irregularities are pre-smoothed (cracks, holes are puttied, bumps are ground down). 
Many underground structures contain expansion joints. They are filled with sealant. To improve adhesion, concrete is primed with a primer or diluted mastic. This increases the roughness of the tape and the adhesion of the hydraulic barrier to the base. To increase the overhaul period, a single-layer coating of the foundation with mastic is recommended.
First sheet
To roll waterproofing was used economically, it is necessary to draw a vertical line along one edge of the sheet. Pasting is carried out in the following order:
The result should be even layer without bubbles, scuffs, punctures due to irregularities in the reinforced concrete structure.
Pasting the foundation
All subsequent sheets are attached to the foundation in the same order with an overlap of 10 cm. To save material, it is allowed to use pieces left over from cutting the rolls. The transverse overlap when extending is twice as large (20 cm), the top sheet should lie on the bottom to prevent pressure leaks.
Foundation waterproofing produced in two layers at a low level of groundwater level, in 3 - 4 layers at pressure groundwater, the possibility of a seasonal increase in the level. Recommended for tape warps external thermal insulation. For this, sheets of extruded polystyrene XPS are used, glued on top of the waterproofing. This layer is at the same time a mechanical protection of the waterproofing carpet from ground movements. 
Insulating the blind area will prevent heaving of the soil under the base of the building. It is produced before backfilling to reduce labor costs at the stage of façade finishing. Expanded polystyrene sheets are laid at the level of the bottom of the shallow tape or at the -40 cm mark when using a buried tape. This allows you to avoid freezing of the ground around the cottage.
Nuances of adhesive waterproofing
The most effective is comprehensive waterproofing, which includes protection of the foundation base. Therefore, activities of this type begin at the stage of manufacturing the foundation cushion:
The transverse joint when extending the length of the roll is made with an overlap of at least 20 cm, the longitudinal overlap is half as much (10 cm) to save material. On vertical walls strip foundation all work is carried out upward:
- pasting in horizontal rows begins from the ground to ensure the top overlap of the next row
- vertical panels are also glued from the bottom, so that in case of extension, the seam is closed from above with the next piece
Mechanical protection against shear and damage is provided by a layer of geotextile. Preventative repairs after 10 – 50 years, depending on waterproofing technology and operating conditions. Interfacing with other types of waterproofing is carried out in the following ways:
To drain groundwater from the foundation strip and slabs, drains are laid around the perimeter, connected into a closed system with a common slope for gravity flow. They should lie at the level of the sole, flush with the foundation pad. The filling of the pit sinuses after hydro- and thermal insulation of the perimeter is carried out with non-metallic materials, which are guaranteed to be free of heaving forces.
The given technology for choosing, gluing the foundation with rolls waterproofing materials universal for all types of underground structures. When using rolls with a self-adhesive layer, labor costs are reduced, but the construction budget increases. Without a waterproof barrier, the service life of the foundation is reduced by 30–50%, depending on the reinforcement.
Rolled waterproofing for foundations
Roll waterproofing technology for foundations In 50% of cases, roll waterproofing of several types is used to protect foundations from ground and storm drains. Materials are glued
TechnoNIKOL roll waterproofing for foundations is a baseless bitumen-polymer material. The waterproofing is protected on top by a polymer film, and on the bottom by an anti-adhesive film. With help of this material perform moisture protection for the foundations of buildings with unused premises or technical floors, in sandy soils with low groundwater levels. During normal fusion, bitumen waterproofing emits combustion products. But with TechnoNIKOL foundation material it is possible to work even in indoors Thanks to the self-adhesive side: no hot work or adhesive mastics are needed.
With this material, TechnoNIKOL roll floor waterproofing is also purchased to create interfloor waterproofing.
Advantages:
- self-adhesive;
- laid in one layer;
- has a long service life;
- quickly installed;
- absolutely waterproof;
- has a thick protective film, which prevents the material from sticking together in the roll.
Packaging and storage
TechnoNIKOL roll waterproofing for foundations, sold in our online store at a competitive price, is sold in rolls, packed in a cardboard factory box. Products should be stored in one row in a closed warehouse or under a canopy. During storage, the material must be protected from moisture, sun and stored away from heat sources. Permissible temperature storage from -35 to +35°C.
