Growing indoor and garden plants, including flowers, is a popular activity among many gardeners and flower growers. Among the many green spaces, the Chinese rose has become widespread. Thanks to the variety of types of this flower, everyone can choose the best option for their home and garden. Having become familiar with the peculiarities of cultivating a plant, caring for it will not take much effort and time.
Hibiscus (Chinese rose) - description
Hibiscus, also known as Chinese rose, is a popular crop among many gardeners. The plant is an excellent option for those who are just starting to garden and grow indoor and garden flowers. A distinctive feature of the flower is its unpretentiousness and ease of cultivation. This species has many representatives that differ in the shape of flowers and leaf blades, size, color, as well as a number of other indicators.
Depending on the species, hibiscus can be either annual in the form of single flowers or perennial shrubs, which can decorate any garden. In nature, the Chinese rose reaches 20 m in height and 3–5 m in width. An important feature of the plant is its resistance to negative natural influences, including sub-zero temperatures. IN winter time Hibiscus can tolerate frosts down to -20˚C. The only thing you need is to organize a film shelter.
In nature, hibiscus can reach 20 m in height and 3–5 m in width.
Where does the name “flower of death” come from?
Hibiscus, despite its apparent simplicity and unpretentiousness, is endowed with some features due to which it is called the “flower of death.” To understand why this plant deserves its name, you need to turn to ancient European signs:
- If a Chinese rose blooms during a period uncharacteristic for this process, then it is believed that someone in the house will soon die. To avoid this, the plant must be immediately disposed of, or, more precisely, burned.
- Hibiscus negatively affects the health and life of its owner. That is why it is not recommended to install a flower in the bedroom. It is believed that after the death of the owner of the plant, the Chinese rose blooms powerfully and profusely. This is explained by accumulated energy.
- If the flower has dropped all its leaves, this indicates that the residents of the house need to go to the hospital. Thus, hibiscus warns that someone in the household has health problems.
- The Chinese rose helps to attract men to unmarried girls. However, at the same time, the flower drives the male sex out of the house. This suggests that the girl can’t expect happiness.
- If hibiscus appears in a house where an established married couple lives, then the plant becomes a source of discord and unrest and, as a result, people will be unhappy. The “flower of death” is used to make a crown of celibacy. However, history is silent about who is doing this and how.
Such contradictory signs exist regarding hibiscus. If in Europe a flower is an indicator of family well-being, then, for example, in Malaysia they are proud of this plant: in the country there is a whole park with Chinese roses. Among Haitians, the so-called “flower of death” is considered a symbol of the island: hibiscus is usually given to tourists.
Video: why hibiscus is called the “flower of death”
In addition to negative signs, there are also positive ones:
- Regular flowering Chinese rose speaks of family well-being, joyful events are possible.
- Hibiscus is a friendly plant: it has a good effect on weak and fading indoor crops. Plus, the plant has a beneficial effect on the air in the room, making it healthier and creating an atmosphere of comfort.
- The blooming of the Chinese rose is a good sign for negotiations. It is recommended to install a flowerpot with hibiscus in the manager’s office or in a service area. Plants with red flowers should be avoided.
If you are not confused by the above negative signs, and you are not afraid of possible attacks on your family, then before you have hibiscus in your home, you need to become more familiar with its types.
Types of hibiscus and their characteristics
Various sources indicate that hibiscus has about 150–300 species. Let's look at the most common varieties in more detail.
Hybrid hibiscus (Hibiscus hybridus)
In Russia, this type of Chinese rose is most widespread. It can be grown not only in the garden, but also at home. The variety was bred by Soviet breeder Fedor Rusanov about 70 years ago. The following varieties were selected as mother material: bright red, marsh and armed. From the original crops, hybrid hibiscus received resistance to low temperatures and large scarlet flowers, the size of which reaches 18–25 cm. Flowering occurs in August and continues until the onset of frost.
At the garden hibiscus root system persists, but the stems die. At the end of spring, the plant produces sprouts that stretch up to 2 meters and are subsequently covered with leaves. The appearance of large flowers should be expected in the second year after planting. The color range is very diverse - from white to dark red. Flowers are regular and double. After the inflorescences fade, they turn into capsules with seeds, which, as they ripen, acquire a brown color, after which they dry out. This type of hibiscus does not require any close attention or care. Therefore, the plant is suitable for beginner gardeners.
Hybrid hibiscus is most popular in Russia. This species can be grown both in the garden and at home.
During planting for a hybrid species, it is better to choose sunny plot, protected from the influence of northern winds and shade. Any type of soil for the plant is suitable, but it is still better to plant in drained black soil. The flower tolerates moderate frosts and lack of moisture quite well. For successful wintering the root system should be covered with a mulch layer or foliage. Reproduction of this species of hibiscus is carried out in several ways: by dividing the root system, cuttings and scion.
In the case of growing indoor specimens, you should choose well-lit places, but without direct sunlight. Otherwise, the plant may get burned. The optimal location in the house will be the eastern and western sides. IN summer period The pot with the plant is taken out into the fresh air, trying to avoid exposure to precipitation and drafts. As daylight hours decrease, hibiscus needs additional lighting. With a lack of light, inflorescences may not appear at all.
At home, during the growing season for a hybrid rose, it is necessary to provide a temperature of +20˚С, and in autumn and winter this figure is reduced to +16˚С. At lower temperatures, the plant may lose its leaves, which will be a reason to prune it. It is usually produced for the purpose of formation or rejuvenation. In this case, shoots are removed from the hibiscus to a level of 8–15 cm from the soil. If the plant is replanted or the soil is changed, pruning must be carried out. After this, the pot with the flower is placed in a cool place, the amount of watering is reduced, thereby ensuring peace for the culture. With the appearance of new shoots, spraying and watering are increased, and for better growth, sprouts are periodically pinched off.
Swamp hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos)
Swamp hibiscus can be grown both at home and in the garden, but the flower has earned the greatest popularity among lovers of indoor plants due to its brightness. The root system of this species is quite powerful and well developed. This is explained by the fact that in natural conditions the plant reaches a height of 3 m and forms a well-developed crown. The leaves of the swamp hibiscus have glossy surface and heart-shaped.
The culture is characterized by a long flowering period, which begins with the arrival of spring and lasts until mid-autumn. The flowers stand out for their brightness and variety of shades: bright red, purple, lilac. They reach 15 cm in diameter. Flowering after blooming lasts only one day: in the evening the flowers wither and fall off. After falling, a fruit is formed with a capsule containing seeds inside.
Swamp hibiscus stands out for its brightness. The plant has a long flowering period, which lasts from spring to autumn
To ensure long and abundant flowering, swamp hibiscus must be provided sunlight and constant moisture of the soil, which should have a slightly acidic reaction. If the plant is located in the shade, the green mass will increase to the detriment of flowering. This type of Chinese rose does not react in any way to a lack of fertilizer, which is its distinctive feature. However, an oversaturation of nutrients in the soil immediately affects the decorativeness of the plant. The best option For bush care, mineral (phosphorus-potassium) and organic fertilizers are used.
Syrian hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus)
Syrian hibiscus is most widespread in street landscaping. The plant is endowed with beautiful double flower shapes and good frost resistance. Despite this, for example, in the Moscow region, wintering hibiscus should be accompanied by additional shelter. With the arrival of spring, when the average daily air temperature reaches +12–15˚С, the first shoots will appear. After the crop leaves the dormant state, about three months should pass before flowering, which is determined by the biology of the plant. Admire beautiful flowers It will be possible from August until the onset of frost. Then the leaves and stems will begin to turn yellow, and the crop will prepare for winter.
To speed up the development of Syrian hibiscus in spring period, a small greenhouse is built over a group of plants, which just needs to be covered with film. In this case, the soil will warm up noticeably faster, which will contribute to an earlier growing season. Quite often, the type of Chinese rose in question is grown in containers, which is especially typical for the northern regions and middle zone. Containers can be buried in the ground or installed directly on its surface. When buds form on the crop, the plant cannot be turned or moved. When creating conditions for flower development, timely pruning and applying necessary fertilizers, hibiscus can be kept in a container for about 20 years.
Syrian hibiscus is widely used for street landscaping. The plant has beautiful double flowers and is characterized by good frost resistance
Hibiscus arnottianus
This type of hibiscus is distinguished by its medicinal properties. The aerial part of the plant is used to prepare a decoction, which is used as a laxative and also to purify the blood. The Arnotti hibiscus is native to Hawaii, from where it has spread to many countries around the world. In temperate climates, the flower is grown as an annual.
A distinctive feature of this species is its tall stems, which sometimes reach 10 m, as well as fragrant flowers, capable of developing up to 10 cm in diameter. The petals are endowed with purple or scarlet veins, which match the tone of the pistil. If we take into account that in nature the Arnotti hibiscus grew among tall trees, then in the garden plot you need to take care of creating the most approximate conditions.
To provide full development plants, when planting, well-drained black soil is used. Periodically you will need to feed the bush with organic and mineral substances. At the end of autumn, the rhizomes are transplanted to maintain the culture at home. Gardeners who grow this variety resort to some trickery - they keep the plant in a large container, which they take outside for the summer and take it indoors for the winter. Hibiscus propagation is carried out only by cuttings, which is due to climatic conditions: in our latitudes the seeds do not ripen.
Hibiscus Arnotti stands out for its medicinal properties: a decoction is prepared from the aerial part, which is used to cleanse the blood
Hibiscus divaricatus
Hibiscus splayed is an evergreen shrub reaching a height of 2.5 m. The plant is native to Australia. This flower has an erect trunk with prickly branches, which is distinguished by its strength, has uneven bark and low-lying branches with large foliage. The culture is characterized by a yellow color with a crimson base.
The hibiscus got its name from the unique shape of its crown: the branches first diverge from the trunk at a right angle, and then head upward. Flower lovers are attracted to this species by its exotic inflorescences. The main method of propagation is cuttings, since it is quite difficult to propagate this shrub with seeds. Only young plants need care, while adults are unpretentious.
Hibiscus splayed is an evergreen shrub that reaches a height of 2.5 m. The trunk of the plant is erect with thorny branches
Chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
The Chinese hibiscus (Chinese rose) is native to Southeast Asia. This species is valued for its beautiful appearance, fairly fast growth and easy care. As the plant develops, it acquires a lush crown, which allows it to be installed in spacious rooms, winter gardens, etc. Chinese hibiscus is an evergreen crop. At home, it reaches 1.2 m in height. Having provided good care, the crop blooms with fairly large flowers with a diameter of 12 cm.
Chinese rose has flowers various shapes and color: you can find both simple and double, red, white, yellow. There are also varieties that have variegated foliage. Hibiscus blooms for a long time and quite abundantly, as a rule, from the beginning of spring to the end of autumn. However, the flowers themselves remain on the plant for no more than two days. In the summer, it is better to move the crop to garden plot, while protecting it from winds and direct sun.
The Chinese rose has a beautiful appearance, rapid growth and simple care
Photo gallery: types of hibiscus
The stems of the Hawaiian hibiscus bush grow to a level of 30–50 cm. The leaves have a glossy surface, slightly oblong, slightly curved, reminiscent of a dwarf ficus 
Variable hibiscus got its name from the ability of flowers to change the color of their petals as they ripen. 
Hibiscus caili is a medium-sized bush with straight powerful stems that stretch upward and wide up to 1–2 meters 
Sour hibiscus is a luxurious perennial subshrub, popular in tropical and subtropical climates. Can survive mild winters with frosts no more than -8˚С 
Variegated hibiscus - this species differs from others in its ragged, uneven serration and the presence of leaves on one stem different sections 
Hibiscus brittle is a perennial, an evergreen and very dense bush with a widely branched crown. 
Hugel's hibiscus is a tall bush up to 4 m with bright green fleecy leaves divided into 3–5 segments 
Edible hibiscus - perennial, which in our latitudes is cultivated as an annual. Externally it is a shrub up to 2 m tall, dwarf varieties up to 50 cm
Garden hibiscus - adaptation period after purchase
As when purchasing any other plant, we immediately evaluate appearance hibiscus and make sure that the flower is healthy, we see what color its flowers will be. However, the most important point is to look at the root system. If the plant is sold in containers, then getting it out of the container is not difficult: just lightly knock on the walls of the pot and pull the stem. After extracting the culture, we can see white healthy roots. After purchase, the plant does not need any additional measures and you can safely start planting it on the site or in a pot of suitable size.
Planting - nuances of the procedure, requirements for soil and planting site
Garden hibiscus does not require much labor both during planting and during care. To plant a plant, it is important to choose the right place: the area should be sunny and without drafts. Before planting, the place is prepared: the soil must be well-drained, for which sand and peat are added to it. The soil can be of the following composition: soil, peat, sand in a ratio of 2:4:1. In a positive way the introduction of organic matter has an effect. In addition, for hibiscus it is worth using soil with a slightly acidic reaction. After preparing the soil mixture, proceed to landing pit. In most cases, the plant is transplanted from a pot in which it was grown from cuttings or seeds. The dimensions of the pit must be larger than the previous capacity. Before planting a Chinese rose, water the hole and wait until all the water is absorbed. Now you can start planting. The plant is carefully removed from the pot and lowered vertically into the ground. In the southern regions, some of the roots can be left above the surface of the ground, but in the northern regions, on the contrary, the plant is buried. The planting time for hibiscus is early spring. The garden Chinese rose practically does not need replanting. If such a need nevertheless arises, then the procedure is also performed in early spring.
For hibiscus in the garden, select a well-lit area where the plant will not be exposed to drafts
Care: watering, fertilizing, pruning
When watering hibiscus, do not overwater the plant. The next moistening is carried out only after the top layer of soil dries. However, you should not overdry the soil. It is best to adhere to this rule: water abundantly, but not too often. As for air humidity, for a garden flower some special requirements No. If hibiscus is grown in a container, then for the winter it is transferred to a room where periodic spraying is carried out.
When watering, hibiscus should not be over-watered: you need to wait until the top layer of soil dries
Proper feeding of the Chinese rose will be reflected in the form lush flowering. Since the plant responds well to fertile soil, during the season it is fed every 2 weeks. In May, potassium fertilizers are applied, which will have a positive effect on the formation of buds and flowering, and during the summer more phosphorus fertilizers are added, thereby gradually preparing the plant for winter.
No less important in the care process is the procedure for pruning garden hibiscus. A sanitary event is carried out in the spring, when diseased, damaged and old branches are removed. Sometimes pruning is carried out with the aim of forming a crown, but such measures are resorted to after the trunk has become sufficiently strong. Many gardeners also perform anti-aging pruning, in which old branches are completely removed and young branches are shortened by 1/3 of their length.
Houseplant - adaptation after the store
After purchasing a hibiscus in a store, they bring it home and carefully inspect the stems and leaves on both sides for pests and signs of disease. The plant is carefully removed from the container and the roots are examined to see if there are any root worms or rot. Hibiscus are usually sold in plastic pots, so removing the flower from the container and returning it to its place is not difficult.
If the slightest signs of diseases or the presence of pests are noticed, such as spots, dots, uneven yellowing of leaf plates, cobwebs, then you should resort to preventive measures and treat the plant with special means. In this case, insecticides are used to control pests, and fungicides are used to combat fungi and diseases.
Transplanting into a pot
The issue of replanting hibiscus after purchase is controversial. The thing is that such plants are brought to us, as a rule, from Holland. The manufacturer initially does everything possible to ensure that the crop blooms and leaves have a rich green color, and the root system was well developed. Peat is used as soil, which contains a large amount of fertilizers and various growth stimulants. If a plant is abruptly transplanted into less nutritious soil, there is a high probability of its death.
After purchase, it is advisable to replant homemade hibiscus using the transshipment method, which avoids injury to the root system and promotes rapid establishment in a new location.
If a decision is made to transplant hibiscus immediately after purchase, then the procedure is performed only by transshipment. You need to understand that transplantation and transshipment are several different ways. Replanting involves a complete change of soil exposing the root system, which can lead to damage. During transshipment, the roots of the plants are preserved in the old earthen coma, and the risk of damage to them is minimized. It is transshipment that is considered the more preferable option for any flowers. As for replanting, it must be done if the plant becomes ill, pests appear in the soil, roots rot, or if the soil is incorrectly selected.
Now let’s look directly at the process of transplanting hibiscus, for which you will need the following:
- flower pot;
- expanded clay;
- priming;
- water room temperature, pre-settled;
- The diameter of the plastic film is 10–15 centimeters larger than the pot.
Before replanting, water the plant first, which will allow you to remove the flower from the pot without damage. After this, using sharp knife shorten the branches, thus forming a compact bush. If desired, you can try to root the resulting cuttings or use them as grafting material. Dry branches that only spoil the appearance of the hibiscus must be removed. As a result, the plant adapts faster in the new container. The pot should not be too large. A container larger than the previous one by 4–5 cm in diameter is quite sufficient.
After preparing everything necessary, we replant the crop in this order:
- Add a layer of expanded clay to the bottom of the pot. The material will serve as drainage and protect the root system from rotting in case of heavy watering.
A layer of expanded clay is poured onto the bottom of the pot to create a drainage layer.
- Pour some earth and charcoal into a new container.
Filling a new container a small amount soil and charcoal
- Rocking from side to side and lightly tapping the sides of the pot, remove the hibiscus from its original container.
To remove hibiscus from the pot, you need to knock on the walls of the container and remove the plant by shaking it from side to side.
- We place the flower together with a lump of earth in a new flowerpot and make sure that the plant sag slightly in it. This will make it possible to add fresh soil after planting.
Installing the Chinese rose in new pot and lightly pressing down, which will allow you to add fresh soil
- Carefully fill the lump with the rhizome with soil, while lightly pressing it into the pot to give the plant stability. Alternatively, you can use a wooden stick to which the hibiscus is tied as a support. Leveling the plant will also prevent the pot from tilting and prevent it from falling off the windowsill.
We fill up the resulting voids between the walls and the rhizome soil mixture pressing a hibiscus into a pot
- We moisten the soil generously and cover the container above the surface of the earth with film for 2 days, which will ensure better survival and recovery after the procedure. Then we remove the film and grow the plant under normal conditions, placing the flowerpot in sunny place and by ensuring regular watering and fresh air supply.
After planting, water the hibiscus well and cover the pot with film for 2 days.
After transplanting the plant, you should not immediately expose it to bright sunlight. It is better to protect the hibiscus from direct sunlight for several days, which will prevent additional stress and excess moisture consumption. In addition, after transplantation you should not immediately start feeding. Adding additional nutrients can be done no earlier than 1–2 weeks after transplantation.
Soil for hibiscus
An important role when transplanting hibiscus is played by the correct soil mixture, which should be characterized by a neutral reaction, be loose and nutritious. For Chinese roses, the optimal soil composition is as follows:
- 2 parts leaf soil;
- 2 parts of turf land;
- 2 parts humus;
- 1 part sand;
- 0.5 parts wood ash.
The following soil mixture option is also possible:
- 2 parts peat;
- 1 part humus;
- 1 part of the land from the garden;
- 0.5 parts of washed sand.
Since peat, as a rule, is highly acidic, for every 2 liters of soil mixture you should add 0.5 cups of wood ash and 1 tbsp. l. complete mineral fertilizer.
Nuances of care: fertilizer, fertilizing, temperature, watering
Hibiscus is a fast-growing and unpretentious plants. If you create favorable conditions, the flower will reward you not only with good development, but also with abundant flowering. Caring for hibiscus is not difficult and even a beginner can do it. One of the basic rules of care is good lighting. A young Chinese rose is placed on the western or eastern side, and adult plants are placed in close proximity to the window. It is not recommended to place the crop on the north side, as it will stretch out and lose its attractiveness.
Concerning temperature regime, then the plant does not like too high values. It is necessary to create comfortable conditions with a moderate temperature within +20–22˚С. IN winter period Hibiscus should “rest” in a cool place at +14–16˚С. If you do not provide it with a period of rest, the flowering will not be so abundant.
Chinese rose is a moisture-loving plant. In summer, watering should be plentiful, but the top layer of soil should be allowed to dry out. When moistening, you must ensure that the entire soil lump is saturated. 10–20 minutes after watering, excess water is poured out of the pan. With the arrival of autumn, the frequency of watering is reduced: after the soil surface has dried, you should wait 2-3 days. In winter, the frequency of watering directly depends on the temperature. With cooler conditions, moisturizing is done less frequently.
Hibiscus is a moisture-loving plant, so watering, especially in summer, should be plentiful.
Important for the plant is high humidity, which should not be forgotten and taken care of in a timely manner. During the flowering period, spraying should be carried out carefully, avoiding water getting on the buds and the flowers themselves. If the air in the room is dry, you should use humidifiers, place the flowerpot in a tray with a special filler, and spray the air around the hibiscus.
The plant is fed regularly, but the amount of nutrients should be moderate. In spring, preparations with a high content of potassium and phosphorus are used as fertilizers. The plant especially needs additional nutrition during the flowering period. For these purposes, complex mineral fertilizers, for example, Kemira Lux. To stimulate the ovary more buds, we can recommend such products as Athlete, Gilea, Master. Fertilize the Chinese rose at the root. Regarding replanting hibiscus, the following can be noted: in the first 4 years, the plant is replanted every year, and as growth slows down, the event is carried out once every 2-3 years.
Video: how to care for hibiscus at home
Reproduction of Chinese roses - methods, their description
Hibiscus reproduces well and does not require creation special conditions for the growth and development of young plants. The flower can be propagated in several ways:
- cuttings;
- seeds;
- dividing the bush.
Cutting method
Hibiscus uses this method of propagation in the summer, cutting cuttings from young shoots: they should have several buds. To process the cut, use Kornevin or another root formation stimulator, after which planting material placed in a 1:1 peat-sand mixture. The cuttings need to be provided with a temperature of about +23˚С. Rooting should be expected a month after planting. Transplantation of cuttings with roots is carried out in a fertile soil mixture containing sand and humus, after which abundant watering is carried out.
Hibiscus cuttings are carried out in the summer, for which material is cut from young shoots
Seed method
Before planting Chinese rose seeds, they are pre-soaked in a growth stimulator, usually for a day. For sowing, use the same soil mixture as for cuttings. The seeds are placed at a distance of 5–7 mm from each other. Then the planting container is covered with film, thereby providing a favorable microclimate. It would not be superfluous to organize lower heating of the soil. The crops are periodically ventilated and moistened. The temperature should not fall below +25˚С. As soon as the first leaves appear, the young plants are picked.
To propagate hibiscus by seeds, planting material is soaked in a growth stimulator for a day.
Dividing the bush
The essence of this hibiscus propagation method is as follows:
- The bush is completely dug out of the ground.
- Using a sharp knife, divide the plant's root system into parts.
- Planting is done in the same way as when planting in open ground.
Video: propagation of hibiscus by cuttings
Plant diseases and pests
Since garden and indoor hibiscus are exposed to the same diseases and pests, we will consider measures to combat them in the summary table.
Table: diseases and pests of hibiscus, control measures
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
| The plant sheds leaves and buds. |
|
|
| Hibiscus leaves turn yellow and pale, the stems become elongated. | Insufficient lighting. | In autumn and winter, additionally illuminate the plant for 2–3 hours. At other times of the year, the rose is moved to a place with sufficient light. Elongated shoots are cut or pinched. |
| The tips of the leaves dry out, the foliage gradually curls. | Low air humidity. | The plant should be sprayed more often and the air in the immediate vicinity should be humidified by any possible means. |
| The foliage fades and turns yellow. | The plant lacks iron or uses hard water for watering. | To return green leaves use the “Emerald” product, and use settled water for watering. |
| Hibiscus doesn't bloom. | Most likely, the regime that the plant needs is not followed. | You should combine good lighting, tight containers, mineral fertilizing and anti-aging pruning. |
| On back side sticky drops appeared on the leaf plates. | Make sure there are no pests on the rose. If none are found, then this condition is normal. | If pests are found, use an insecticide, for example Fitoverm, to control. |
| The foliage becomes light, yellow, and white spots form on it. | This disease is chlorosis. The carriers are mites and aphids. | Mostly weak plants get sick, so feed the hibiscus and treat with Fitoverm every 3-4 days. For preventive purposes, the leaves are sprayed with iron chelate. |
| The upper part of the leaves becomes covered with a white coating and will gradually acquire a brown tint. | Powdery mildew disease | Leaves with plaque are removed, and the plant is sprinkled with sulfur powder or treated with Fundazol or Bayleton. |
| There are yellowish dots and spots on the leaves, sometimes there is a white cobweb | The plant is affected by spider mites. | The flower is sprayed with insecticides such as Derris or Fitoverm. A comfortable environment for mites to reproduce is dry air, so the plant should be sprayed more often. To fight, you can use an ultraviolet lamp. |
| Young leaves and shoots wither and curl up. If you look closely, you can see insects. | There are aphids on hibiscus. | Treat the plant with preparations such as Decis, Fitoverm, Intra-vir. |
| Brown bumps appeared on the stem and bottom of the leaves | Scale insect, false scale insect. | The pest is removed manually. Then the hibiscus is sprayed with insecticide. The procedure is repeated until the pest is completely eliminated. |
Video: secrets of abundant hibiscus flowering
In the spring, at the height of the dacha season, at a time when the sale of rose seedlings and garden plants begins in the markets, we often see unremarkable-looking seedlings, which, according to sellers, are called “hibiscus”. Many flower growers know Hibiscus as a houseplant - the Chinese rose, and this confuses them, because it is sold as a garden flower, like hydrangeas, roses and other garden flower crops. This shouldn’t be surprising at all - it really sells garden hibiscus, which is called "Syrian Hibiscus".
Today in nature there are about 200 species of different hibiscus, all of them grow in tropical climates and, unfortunately, cannot survive in ours at all. It can feel quite well in a temperate climate, of course, provided that it is insulated and covered for the winter in the same way as is usually done with garden roses. If the climate where it is planted has fairly warm winters, there is an almost 100% guarantee that the flower will take root and delight you with its unusually beautiful blooms every summer.
Garden hibiscus requires a lot of care. The main condition for planting it in the soil is good lighting. The flower does not like shade; only with a sufficient amount of ultraviolet light will the flower delight you with lush blooms in the garden. Syrian hibiscus goes well with any variety of roses. It grows no more than 1.5 meters in height and has a fairly compact shape. Hibiscus is considered the perfect plant for a rose garden or rock garden.
Hibiscus also looks very good as a single plant when decorating the landscape of a site. If you live in a warm climate, plant lavender bushes around it. It is very beautiful, and the aroma of lavender will protect the Syrian hibiscus from insects. There are 2 types of this plant: double and non-double varieties. When purchasing a plant, it is worth remembering that terry varieties tolerate winter better and are more frost-resistant.
Syrian hibiscus does not require special soil. It does well in the same area you traditionally plant roses on. It must be permeable and sufficiently nutritious.
The flower is usually watered moderately, since it does not need intensive watering and may even disappear because of this. But you also need to monitor the rate at which the soil dries out, because in the summer in hot climates, the flower may need daily watering. During the period of active growth and flowering (June-September), this garden crop needs periodic feeding with garden fertilizers, which have a high phosphorus content. Typically, Syrian hibiscus is topped up once every two weeks. And so that winter does not become stressful for the plant, it is fed with potassium fertilizer in the fall.
If you are starting this plant for the first time, it is better to purchase ready-made, strong seedlings with a steadily developed root system. Especially if you want to grow Syrian hibiscus in a cold climate. The plant will take root over the summer, get stronger, you will prepare it for winter, and it will survive it safely. Despite the fact that the plant is mainly propagated by seedlings cuttings, there is another option for growing this garden culture- from seeds. They are planted in the soil in the spring, when there are no longer night frosts and the earth has warmed up sufficiently.
If you decide to grow a flower from a cutting, do it better in the summer. To do this, place the cuttings in a container filled with water (it is better to close it from direct sunlight, since the root system will break through in the water). And when you see that the roots have appeared, you can safely replant it in a pot with soil, which you can take from your garden or buy prepared soil in a special store. With the arrival of cold weather, the pot with the seedling is brought into the house, and in the spring it is already quite ready to be planted in open ground.
To achieve abundant flowering, it is necessary not only to properly grow and feed the plant, but also to prune it. Hibiscus forms buds on young shoots, therefore, the more there are, the more abundant the flowering will be. In order for the plant to produce fresh shoots, it is pruned 3-4 times a year. The flower tolerates pruning well and responds positively to it. Usually pruned at the end of winter, before the flower begins its period of active growth. The plant is also pruned not only to create lush flowering, but also to form a decorative shape for the bush.
In the southern regions, where hibiscus has the most suitable conditions and it is found everywhere, you can see various flowering compositions in the form of a cube, ball, pyramid, etc. Due to the compactness of the flower, everyone has the opportunity to plant it on their balcony, terrace or in winter garden. And not just in the flower garden.
A distinctive feature of hibiscus is that the lifespan of its flowers is very short, but despite this, a new one quickly opens in place of the previous one. This is not something to be afraid of. It’s worse when the flowers begin to dry out excessively; in this case, the flower most likely does not have enough watering and is in dry soil.
If you really want to have this flower, but live in a harsh climate, you can plant it, but during the winter you will have to dig it up and put it in the basement or in the house until spring. At good care Syrian hibiscus can continue to bloom in your home throughout the winter. Hibiscus is a perennial plant and can survive without replanting for up to 20 years.
The plant belongs to the mallow family and is represented by a huge variety of species (about 300). Natural habitat is the tropical zone of America, Africa and Asia. In nature, the genus Hibiscus occurs in the form of shrubs and trees. Some subspecies are perennial or annual herbs.
Hibiscus classification
From a cultivation point of view, two groups are considered:
- indoor plants - a prominent representative is the Chinese rose;
- garden forms - the most common is the Syrian hibiscus.
IN wildlife Hibiscus found in temperate climates:
- trifoliate (northern) - a herbaceous annual whose leaves are used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of diaphoretics;
- hemp (kenaf) - grown as an agricultural crop for the production of fiber and technical oils.
Hybrid forms attract attention with their large petals and variety of colors. Flowers are used to prepare drinks with a pronounced antispasmodic effect. Hibiscus tea has amazing properties - a hot drink increases blood pressure, a cold drink has hypotensive properties.
Garden forms of hibiscus
In the territory former USSR Only two types of hibiscus are common in nature:
- Hibiscus syriacus (Syrian) - southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range;
- Hibiscus trionum (northern, trifoliate) - Far East of the Russian Federation, Crimea.
Wintering species such as Syrian or tree hibiscus are suitable for growing in garden conditions.
The coat of arms of Korea depicts beautiful flower- This is a hibiscus (mugunghwa), which is a symbol of the state. The graceful plant is sung in a hymn - in poetic form, Koreans thank the magical flower for giving the country of rivers and mountains pristine beauty.
Hibiscus tree or Syrian
Tree hibiscus blooms for six months or more, but each flower lasts only a day ( hybrid species- 2-3 days). New buds immediately bloom to replace the withered petals. The plant blooms in early July and renews its flower stalks until mid-autumn.
From a botanical point of view, the Syrian rose is a deciduous shrub. In the temperate climate of the middle zone, the height of the bush does not exceed 2 m, although in natural conditions tree-like forms reach 5 m. Large (up to 10 cm) leaves are oval or ovoid have a bright green color. The flowers are arranged singly, very large, reaching up to 27-30 cm in diameter. Double or simple inflorescences cover almost the entire spectrum of shades, and can be two- or three-colored.
Planting and growing garden forms
Tree hibiscus can be propagated by any means - from sowing seeds to directly dividing the bush. When starting to get acquainted with the plant, purchase ready-made seedlings from a well-established nursery. This way you will protect yourself from negative consequences related to possible diseases and the presence of pest larvae.
Planting hibiscus by dividing the bush
- choose a bright, draft-free place;
- use well-loosened fertile soil;
- At the bottom of the pit, lay drainage at least 10 cm thick (sand, washed crushed stone, gravel);
- straighten the roots and fill the hole with soil so that the root collar is at soil level.
To prevent aphids, plant lavender bushes near the hibiscus.
The plant is moisture-loving, but it cannot be flooded. Ample weekly watering is recommended, and in dry weather - 2-3 times a week.
Growing hibiscus from seeds
From seeds you can also grow a full-fledged specimen of the tree-like form of the Asian beauty, but you should prepare for the fact that this process will take a lot of time. Seeds are sown in winter - in January-February:
- prepare a bowl with peat-sand soil mixture;
- pre-soak the seeds in any stimulant for a day;
- Cover the container with polyethylene or glass.
Seeds are planted to a depth of 0.7-1 cm. The first shoots appear in 2-3 weeks, subject to the temperature regime (+25-27°C), regular ventilation and moisture. As soon as the first pair of true leaves appear, transplant the seedlings into separate pots.
In May, transfer the seedlings to the ground. In warm climates, hibiscus obtained from seeds can begin flowering 2-3 years after planting, in temperate climates - 3-4 years.
Propagation by seeds has its positive and negative sides. A plant grown from seeds has stable reactions to sudden weather fluctuations and is immune to disease. Those at risk are varietal characteristics- a new plant most often will not have complete resemblance to its ancestor.
Hibiscus cuttings
Cuttings - simple and inexpensive way reproduction. Hibiscus grown from green cuttings fully matches the hybrid form of the donor.
In the spring (during the formation of buds) or at the end of September (when the growth of annual shoots ends), cuttings up to 15-20 cm long are cut.
4-6 buds are left at the bottom and the sprout is placed in a mixture of peat and sand (the ratio is equal). Root formation lasts about 3 weeks, then the plant is planted in a pot.
It is better for a young seedling to overwinter the first year in a warm room, especially if it is an autumn cutting. On permanent place Hibiscus are replanted in the spring. Over the summer, the new resident of your garden will gain strength and will be able to spend the winter comfortably.
How garden hibiscus overwinters
How to insulate hibiscus for the winter:
- after flowering, prune the plant;
- water generously at the root;
- after a week, cover the bush with light turf soil with added sand;
- With the onset of the first frosts, insulate completely.
We insulate hibiscus plantings before winter
Insulation is carried out in several ways:
- Young plants are bent to the ground, sprinkled with sawdust, leaves or special covering material. Lay on top plastic film, which is pressed to the ground with pegs or stones.
- Standard forms remain in a vertical position. A wooden or wire frame and wrapped with covering material. Spruce branches or straw are tied on top of the shelter.
In winter, rodents love to climb into such warm houses. To prevent damage to the plant, place ears of grain soaked in poison inside the hut, or place mousetraps.
Galina Yurchenko, expert
During the winter, carefully monitor temperature fluctuations - during early spring thaws, hibiscus must be ventilated.
Reanimation of hibiscus in spring
The plant has a hard time coming out after wintering, but there is one secret that will help quickly bring it back to life:
- first warm days remove the insulation from the hibiscus and cover flower light greenhouse;
- in the middle of the day, ventilate the bush for 15 minutes at intervals of 1-2 hours;
- remove the film gradually as the shoots grow.
In two to three weeks, your Hawaiian beauty will gain strength and reward you with lush blooms.
Pruning and shaping hibiscus
There is a point of view according to which it is not recommended to prune hibiscus in the first years after planting. This is incorrect because flowers appear only on young shoots. The more often old branches are removed, the more the bush gives to young shoots. To enhance flowering, regular annual pruning is performed before sap flow begins.
Decorative pruning is carried out with the aim of forming a bush. In the photo, the hibiscus flower looks like a small multi-colored tree. The procedure for forming a braided stem:
- plant three varieties of plants in one pot;
- when the seedlings take root, intertwine the shoots with a pigtail;
- secure the weave with a bandage or fabric strips in several places;
- continue weaving to the desired height.
Syrian tree hibiscus is widely used in the design of personal plots. Shrubs are planted in tapeworms or in groups, next to bright annuals or against the backdrop of an emerald lawn.
Where does your eastern miracle grow? Share your observations with readers and surprise your neighbors by learning new secrets with us.
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There are more than 200 varieties of hibiscus. All of them come from the tropics, but only a few plant species take root in the middle zone. Syrian hibiscus is one of them. In order for a garden flower to please the owner, it is not enough just to choose appropriate place on the site, plant and water it. Syrian rose is demanding of care. The gardener will need knowledge about the rules of replanting, pruning, fertilizing the plant, as well as means of pest control.
Description of the flower
Tree hibiscus from the Malvaceae family belongs to garden varieties. It is a deciduous shrub that grows in its natural environment up to 6 m in height. In Russian gardens, the plant is much smaller, it barely reaches 1.5 m. The Syrian rose can be found in China, the western part of Asia, and Korea. The tropical shrub is grown in open ground in areas where there are no harsh winters - in the southern part of Russia and Ukraine, in the Crimea.
The shrub has a thick tree-like trunk, branched in a sympodial pattern. The leaf blades of the plant are palmate, reach 10 cm in length, and are green in color. The flowers are often bell-shaped, 10-12 cm in diameter and can be painted in various colors - yellow, lilac, pink, crimson. They come in two types:
- terry;
- simple.
Breeders have developed two-color varieties. The flowers in this case have a contrasting middle. Bushes with double flowers look especially luxurious. In addition to the Syrian rose, herbaceous varieties of garden hibiscus take root in the climatic conditions of the middle zone.
Popular varieties of Syrian rose
A distinctive feature of garden hibiscus species is that each individual flower demonstrates its beauty within one day. Continuous flowering for several months, from spring to autumn, possibly due to the many flower stalks that are located in the axils of the leaves.
Popular hybrid varieties Syrian rose, obtained by crossing holly, bright red and swamp hibiscus:
- 1. "Youth". The plant is a slightly branched low bush with stems and shoots of light green and yellowish shades. Leaf blades are either three-parted or five-parted. Flowers up to 10 cm in diameter, tulip-shaped Pink colour with a white center and cup.
- 2. “Late.” A well-branched lush shrub 1 m high. The leaves have an oval-arrow-shaped shape. Flowers with a diameter of 6-8 cm are located on thick peduncles. They are painted bright pink.
- 3. "Pale pink." A tall, highly branched shrub up to 170 cm high. The leaf blades are three-cut with jagged edges. Leaf color is yellow-green. The flowers are large - 12 cm in diameter, made in the shape of a tulip. The cups and cores are painted white, and the petals are pale pink.
- 4. “Pink porcelain.” This shrub grows up to 1.30 m in height. Its pale green stems are highly branched. The leaves are located on petioles, their middle part is protruding, and the edges have deep cuts. The flowers are bell-shaped, the diameter reaches 12 cm. Their color is interesting - pale pink with a barely noticeable yellowish tint.
Rules for planting seedlings
The lifespan of hibiscus in the garden is 20 years. The plant will please the gardener under one condition - if it is comfortable. In order for the Syrian rose to develop well, it is necessary:
- choose the right time and place for planting;
- use suitable soil;
- care for the bush;
- protect it from pests.
When to land and how to choose a place?
Hibiscus plants are planted in the garden in the spring. There is no rush to plant - you need to wait until the soil warms up and the night frosts pass. Otherwise, the seedling may die. Autumn is the wrong time for planting, as the bush will not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather.
Syrian rose loves warmth. A place located in the sun or in openwork partial shade will suit her. It is good if it is protected from strong gusts of wind. The plant has a negative attitude towards excess moisture, so it is better to find a place on the site that is not in the lowlands, but on a hill.
If the soil in the garden is viscous and heavy, you will have to replace it, since tree hibiscus prefers porous lightweight priming.
How to land - instructions
The root system of a Syrian rose seedling is quite large; it is important that the roots are freely located in the hole. Its size should be twice as large as the rhizome of the bush. A layer of drainage is laid at the bottom - broken brick will do. The crumbs are poured on top:
- sand – 10 cm;
- compost – 15 cm;
- the last layer is also sandy, its thickness is 10-15 cm.
Soil removed from the hole pure form not suitable for planting and growing tree hibiscus. It is necessary to add additives to it to impart friability. It is recommended to use 4 parts peat and 1 part sand for 2 parts soil.
The root of the seedling is placed in a prepared hole so that its neck is just below ground level. Next, the roots are covered with soil and hilled up. Immediately after planting, the plant is watered with water, filling the circle around the trunk with it. To keep moisture in the soil longer, it is worth mulching the soil around the seedling.
Plant care
Caring for the Syrian rose is not burdensome. The gardener must monitor the level of soil moisture, feed the crop in a timely manner, loosen the soil around the bush and remove weeds. All these procedures are standard and do not require specific knowledge. It is important to remember that faded flowers need to be picked off. They not only spoil the appearance of the plant, but also take away some of the energy that the hibiscus will need to form new buds.
Syrian rose needs feeding. During active growth, in summer, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are used. They are applied once every 2 weeks. From the end of September, when the bush has completely faded and is preparing for the dormant phase, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are used.
Watering
Watering hibiscus should be regular and moderate. When extreme heat sets in and natural precipitation for a long time no, you need to moisten the soil every day. In other cases, watering is done as needed, when the surface layer of the soil becomes dry.
Attention! Overmoistening is dangerous for the Syrian rose - the roots may rot, and then the bush will die.
Trimming
Hibiscus pruning is necessary for two reasons. With its help, they give the desired shape to the plant and remove damaged and old branches. Gardeners perform this procedure in early spring, immediately after the snow melts, and in the fall, when the leaves have fallen.
All shoots of a newly planted Syrian rose are shortened, leaving 2-3 buds, but the trunk itself is not touched. Formative pruning is performed annually. It is recommended to cut all branches to the level of 1-2 buds. The top of the bush is also shortened, leaving 6-7 internodes. The lower tier is removed almost completely to avoid strong thickening.
If the gardener's goal is sanitary pruning plants, you will have to completely cut off the shoots directed into the bush, as well as old, broken and diseased branches. All last year's shoots should be shortened by one third. Regular pruning promotes the appearance of young shoots and abundant flowering this year.
Transfer
Sometimes it becomes necessary to transplant garden hibiscus to a new location. This is done in the spring, after the pruning procedure. This matter cannot be put off for a long time; the shrub should not be replanted during flowering.
The procedure itself is the same as planting a seedling. First, dig a hole, taking into account that its size should be 2 times larger than the root. Then prepare the drainage and soil mixture. The plant is dug in and watered, and the tree trunk circle is mulched.
No fertilizing is applied after transplantation; you need to wait 2-3 weeks to give the hibiscus the opportunity to take root and get stronger. Only then can nitrogen and phosphorus-containing fertilizer be introduced.
Autumn care
Hybrid varieties of Syrian rose are adapted to wintering in open ground, even in the middle zone. They can withstand frosts down to -20 degrees while under cover. When flowering ends and the above-ground part of the shrub dies, gardeners cut it almost to the root, leaving a small shoot above the ground surface. The plant is hilled up and a layer of mulch made from sawdust or dry leaves is laid.
Preparing for winter
There are 2 options for what to do with hibiscus at the end of November. Some gardeners, fearing the death of the plant in winter, dig it up, place it in a suitable container and leave it in this form in the cellar. When spring comes, they plant the bush again on the plot.
The second way to winter garden hibiscus is under reliable shelter. To build it, you first need to build a frame of wood around the bush. Then any material is pulled over it:
- lutrasil;
- spunbond;
- agrofibre.
Important! Synthetic covering materials do not allow air to pass through well, so as soon as the snow begins to melt, they must be removed, otherwise the plant will be blocked.
There is another way to protect hibiscus from the cold - cover it with spruce branches. First, the bush is wound with a bowstring, a bag is put on it, after which spruce branches are piled on top in several layers. In winter, rodents pose a danger to the Syrian rose. They can easily get inside the shelter and gnaw on the bark and shoots. To protect the crop, you will have to install traps.
Possible problems
Growing and caring for hibiscus includes taking care of the health of the plant and protecting it from pests. A crop can become sick for several reasons:
Pests
The Syrian rose rarely suffers from pests. Dry and hot weather is most dangerous for it. In such conditions, active activities are carried out spider mites, as well as aphids and thrips. These insects feed on the sap of the leaves, which leads to severe depletion and sometimes death of the crop.
To combat these pests, insecticides and acaricides are used - Fitoverm, Aktellik. Treatment is carried out 3 times with an interval of 10-14 days. Gardeners who have already encountered this problem are advised to alternate products with different compositions. This recommendation is due to the ability of pests to develop resistance to chemicals.
Diseases
Tree hibiscus suffers from chlorosis. This disease is associated with a lack of iron in the soil. Noticing that the lower tier of leaves are crumbling, and new ones are acquiring yellow tint, it is necessary to act immediately before the bush dies. Iron chelate will help save the culture. This substance is added to water, which is then poured over the tree trunk.
Another problem that arises when growing Syrian roses is the lack of flowering and slow growth of shoots. This happens if the gardener neglects the procedure of mineral fertilizing. A lack of boron and phosphorus in plant cells can lead to death.
Dropping and yellowing of hibiscus leaves is not necessarily due to pest infestation or disease. This often happens after transplantation if the root was accidentally damaged. This is dangerous, as it can rot, especially with abundant watering. The drug Kornevin, a biostimulant, will help correct the situation. It is diluted with water according to the instructions and watered.
How to propagate tree hibiscus?
Sometimes it becomes necessary to grow a new hibiscus bush, having an old one at your disposal, that is, to propagate it. This can be done in different ways:
- cutting method;
- layering;
- dividing the bush;
- through vaccination;
- seeds.
The most commonly used methods are cuttings and dividing the bush. The second option is applicable during plant transplantation. Any gardener can handle it - after digging up the crop, the root is carefully divided into 2-3 parts. Each of them is planted in a prepared place, adhering to the planting rules.
Seed propagation
You can sow tree hibiscus seeds at home starting in January. In this case, the seedlings will have enough time to get stronger and be ready for transplanting into open ground. You will need a shallow container with perforations at the bottom and a light soil mixture. It is better to take peat and sand in equal proportions.
First, the seeds are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. It is enough to keep them there for 30 minutes. After this, the planting material is placed in Epin for a day. Now you need to make small depressions in the soil and put the seeds there. It is not recommended to lay a dense layer of soil on them; you need to lightly crush the seeds. The surface of the substrate is irrigated from a sprayer.
Cover the container with film, making several holes in it for air access. The container itself is placed in a warm place. It is important to monitor the level of soil moisture in the greenhouse and regularly remove the film for ventilation. After waiting for tender shoots to appear, the greenhouse is removed.
The sprouts are picked after three leaves appear. On initial stage seedlings will need small containers - plastic cups. Caring for young hibiscus includes:
- moderate watering;
- loosening the soil;
- protection from drafts and direct sunlight
- feeding with mineral complexes (2 weeks after picking).
Attention! You can move the plants into open ground no earlier than mid-May, when warm weather sets in.
Propagation by cuttings
The easiest way to get several young Syrian rose bushes is propagation by cuttings. This is done only in the summer, when the culture is actively developing. Several cuttings with a pair of internodes are cut from the bush. The cut is immersed in Epin solution for 30 minutes. Then the cuttings are planted in peat, moistened, and a greenhouse is built. To ensure rooting goes well, it is advisable to place the pots in a warm and humid place.
After 30 days, the seedlings can be transplanted into containers bigger size, filling them with a soil mixture of components taken in equal quantities:
- peat;
- sand;
- turf;
- leafy soil.
The substrate is watered after transplantation. Soon the seedlings will begin to grow quickly, then you should pinch off all the shoots. Planting on the site is planned when the plant is sufficiently strong and takes on the correct shape. At favorable conditions A Syrian rose grown from a cutting will delight you with flowering already in the first year of life.
Garden care for tree hibiscus can be done even by a novice plant grower. An unpretentious native of the tropics requires only careful handling, regular and moderate watering, fertilizing and pruning.
