A gas generator boiler is an advanced equipment for producing heat as a result of combustion solid fuel.
It is characterized by a higher efficiency and the longest operating time from one bookmark.
The operation of a gas generator boiler is based on the laws of physics.
How does heating equipment work?
Gas-generating boilers operating on solid fuel perform their task in two stages. The first step is heating the wood and releasing flammable gas.
Subsequently submitted gaseous substance burned as in standard heating equipment.
The process by which gas is released and then burned is called pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition of fuel occurs at a temperature of about 900 degrees.
There is no need to constantly control the operation of the gas generator - it can be switched to automatic mode. The equipment is equipped with an electronic control unit that informs about temperature and power.
It allows you to control the supply of air masses and the combustion process itself.
Schemes and drawings:
In some solid fuel boilers operating on a generator, a special automation is built in that can maintain the required temperature, which allows you to save on firewood.
Unlike standard solid fuel boilers, gas generating equipment operates for a long time and produces 40% more thermal energy.
A boiler whose operating principle is based on pyrolysis has other advantages:
- a perfect combustion device that instantly heats up to high temperature and insulating the boiler from heat loss;
- a high-quality draft regulator that controls the supply of oxygen to the firebox and prevents fuel from burning untimely.
But a wood-fired gas generator boiler designed for long burning fuel, can also be characterized on the negative side.
The equipment functions only when it is loaded with firewood whose humidity is no more than 20%.
This means that the heating device will only work well with pre-dried wood. Otherwise, the heat transfer rate will be low.
Solid fuel with high humidity There are models of gas generator boilers, the design of which involves vertical stacking of firewood and bottom combustion.
The fuel at the top of the chamber gradually becomes dry as the temperature in the equipment increases to the desired high level.
A bunch of firewood placed in a long-burning boiler can provide heat from 6 hours to 2-3 days, depending on the equipment model.
A device that operates without adding a new batch of firewood for a maximum of time is expensive.
How and with what to heat the boiler?
Any solid fuel releases carbon monoxide in a certain amount during combustion. There is especially a lot of it when wood burns.
That is why it is wiser to add firewood rather than any other fuel to a gas generator boiler designed to create a comfortable temperature in the house.
In order for the premises to be heated well, the gas generator boiler must be used correctly:
- open the air damper and start a fire using a splinter;
- set the normal long-burning mode, in which the fire in the boiler will be maintained until the temperature in the firebox rises to the desired level;
- switch the damper to a mode that supplies air in a limited amount.
In modern wood-burning gas generator boilers, all of the above steps do not need to be performed, since their operation is fully automated.
The fuel is ignited using electric ignition; an automatic unit controls the supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber and the removal of gases resulting from burning wood.
Wood-burning gas-generating boilers must be loaded with a certain type of fuel. Beech, oak and acacia wood is best suited for this.
Photos and diagrams:
Coal should be abandoned altogether, as it negatively affects the performance of heating equipment.
To heat your home, it is wiser to use only high-quality fuel, since during its prolonged combustion more heat is produced.
As for the moisture content of firewood, gas generating equipment will not function on raw fuel.
That is, the wood will burn as in a conventional stove, and the boiler will not operate in gas generation mode.
In addition, fuel with excess moisture, if access to air masses is limited, will simply stop burning.
The design of the boiler itself influences the type of firewood with a moisture content that can be placed in gas-generating equipment.
If it has a side loading, then only firewood with a moisture content of no more than 20% is allowed to be loaded into it. Such equipment is very demanding on the quality of wood.
Top-loading wood-burning gas-fired boilers burn fuel gradually. To do this, it is placed in a firebox located vertically.
When the bottom layer of firewood burns out, it will sink down, being dried out. warm air. Boilers into which fuel is loaded from the top are switched to gas generation mode, even if the humidity of the wood is about 45 degrees.
Which equipment is better?
Choosing a gas generator boiler can be difficult due to the large range of such equipment.
In addition, when buying a device for heating a house, you need to pay attention to its characteristics: power, hours of operation from one load of firewood, the presence of a unit for automatic operation and additional features.
To heat the house and have hot water, it is wiser to purchase a dual-circuit unit. If the choice was made in favor of a model without a hot water circuit, then you need to take a special boiler for it indirect heating, protecting against unexpected expenses.
When choosing a boiler, the following points are taken into account:
- Is the heating boiler equipped DHW circuit, which you can’t do without in a house with an area of more than 100 square meters. m;
- how well the house is insulated, because even the number of windows and doors affects how heat is retained in it.
The best gas generator boilers operating on solid fuel are considered to be units produced in Germany and the Czech Republic.
Models created in these countries are called Buderus and Viessmann and are sold at high prices. However, despite this, they are purchased quite often.
Among domestic boilers, the most popular heating equipment are Bastion, ZOTA and Topol M.
But their thermal engineering and performance characteristics an order of magnitude worse than that of Western units.
The fact is that boilers from Europe are designed according to the latest technologies allowing you to use them with special comfort.
The main advantage of heating equipment operating on fuel such as oak or acacia wood is the ability to connect it to an already made water heating system.
Installation of a gas generator boiler is carried out without serious financial costs. As soon as the equipment is connected, wood consumption will be reduced by 30%.
The main disadvantage of a gas generator boiler is its high price. Czech and German models are especially expensive.
In addition, poor quality fuel must not be used in such equipment, which may negatively affect the functioning of the heating unit.
Those who have already tried to heat a house with a gas generator boiler note that in Russian climatic conditions it is especially necessary.
Purchasing equipment that works on the principle of pyrolysis is a cost-effective solution.
10 YEAR WARRANTY FOR THE FIREBOOK!!!
WORKS ON ALL TYPES OF SOLID FUEL!
Execution options: single-circuit, double-circuit (heating + hot water), universal pellet (pellets/firewood/coal/briquettes).
Based on Cosmos boilers of all modifications, we produce a modular boiler room "Galaktika" for installation on the street.
The flagship of the enterprise is the solid fuel gas-generating pyrolysis long-burning boiler "Cosmos" KMV (multi-fuel hot water boiler) with stainless steel firebox at a very reasonable price.
You will be pleasantly surprised by the ease of achieving and maintaining a comfortable temperature in the house, the efficiency and low cost of installing the Cosmos boiler.
Operating temperature range for coolant supply to the system from 30 to 95 °Cwithout additional equipment.
Duration of burning wood at low loads is up to 12 hours, coal up to 24 hours. If you are already tired of being on duty at a constantly dying boiler or are planning to install a solid fuel boiler, then you have found the boiler you were looking for.
Thin-walled, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant construction of stainless steel allows you to transfer heat directly to the coolant with minimal losses. Have you seen a burnt kettle or samovar? No? So: thick walls of the firebox, especially fireclay, act as thermal insulation between the heat source and the coolant, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the boiler. The solid fuel pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos" heats up the coolant VERY QUICKLY. Thanks to the patented design, the boiler has an efficiency of 89% and is able to withstand operating pressure up to 5 atm. and operating temperature up to 123 o C!
Easy to maintain, reliable, durable. The use of heat-resistant stainless steel provides unsurpassed resistance to corrosion. The Cosmos pyrolysis boiler operates on both dry and wet wood.
This is how the boiler, which is already seven years old, works. Work at -30 o C
Boiler for any weather from -50 to +15 ºС!
Ease of operation allows even a person who has never had a clue about the existence of solid fuel boilers to cope with it.
The Cosmos pyrolysis boiler is very lightweight, making transportation and installation easier.Mounted in the boiler room, in the wall or outdoors.
Running around with firewood and being on duty at the boiler is a thing of the past!
Before you do it for yourself right choice, read very carefully the technical characteristics of the boilers you are considering and you will find many advantages of the Cosmos boiler in comparison with them.
- Automated installation for burning solid fuels.
- Automatic feeding: pellets, coal.
The history of the appearance of the solid fuel boiler "Cosmos" KMV
The unique performance indicators of the proposed boiler are the result of many years of work by engineers of the Termopass research and production enterprise to improve the design aimed at optimizing combustion processes in the combustion chamber. The first solid fuel pyrolysis boilers long-burning "Cosmos" have already served grateful users 20 years without complaints.
The photo shows the boiler of the first series "Cosmos-30". In operation since 2000
No wonder the plant gives 10 years warranty for solid fuel boilers "Cosmos". The reliability of Cosmos boilers has been tested and proven both in the temperate Belarusian climate and in the severe Yakut frosts, where more and more people prefer this particular solid fuel boiler. The operation of a gas generator boiler is based on the principle of pyrolysis fuel combustion, the essence of which is that under the influence of high temperature and in conditions of lack of oxygen, solid fuel decomposes into the volatile part - the so-called pyrolysis gas and the solid residue - charcoal(coke). This process is exothermic, involving the release of heat. Pyrolysis boilers "Cosmos" are produced with a power of 12, 15, 18, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60 and 90 kW, which allows them to be used in both residential buildings so in production premises area up to 900 m². The power sufficient to heat a building in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region is considered to be 1 kW per 10 m². But this figure varies depending on the height of the ceilings, the overall heat loss of the building, etc. Based on the Cosmos boiler, it is also produced universal pellet boiler KMV with automation, working both on all types of pellets (based on the composition of raw materials, fraction, humidity), and onany firewood.
The uniqueness of the solid fuel boiler "Cosmos" KMV
So what is unique about this boiler? The firebox is made of heat-resistant stainless steel with a chromium content of 18%, whichhas high corrosion resistance when used in organic acidic and other aggressive environments, and has scaling onset temperature∼+760ºC , which allows you to resist burnout at maximum and low temperature corrosion on minimum power, becauseWhen fuel is gasified at minimum power, tar and acids are released, which are a very aggressive environment. Thanks to this, long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boilers “Cosmos” are able to operate in a “squeezed” low-temperature mode for an indefinitely long time without the risk of leakage due to structural failure. Since the entire firebox is washed by the coolant, it turns out that the temperature of scaling is simply unattainable. Watch the video:
In this video, we place a plastic glass of water in the firebox. Thin firebox walls made of high-quality acid-resistant stainless steel are one of the main advantages of our boiler!
Below are some parameters of the most popular pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos-35" with a nominal power of 20 kW, for most of which it has no equal.
| Operating temperature range | Innings | from +30 ⁰С to +95 ⁰С |
| Return | Doesn't matter | |
| Power | Minimum | 2.5 kW |
| Nominal | 20 kW | |
| Maximum | 35 kW | |
| Boiler weight | 120 kg | |
| Firebox volume | 125 l | |
| Log length | 0.62 m | |
| Wood humidity | Doesn't matter | |
| Connecting the battery capacity | Optional | |
| Ability to work outdoors | Works in any conditions | |
| Energy dependence | No | |
| Work without stopping | Not limited | |
| Warranty for the firebox from the manufacturer | 10 years | |
Test report KMV-20.
Smoldering combustion mode.
Advantages of the solid fuel boiler "Cosmos" KMV
If you do not heat the premises regularly, for example a dacha, and come only on weekends, then best option You won't find it. For example, "Cosmos-18" at a maximum power of 18 kW warms up the heating system from 0ºС to 60ºС with a coolant volume of 100 liters and normal circulation in less than 30 minutes from the moment of ignition; after reaching a comfortable temperature in the house, 5 kW is sufficient.
For conventional steel solid fuel boilers minimum temperature the return line must be at least +60ºС, otherwise the firebox will burn out. The KMV pyrolysis boiler operates from +30ºС at supply. Why is there more than 60ºС in the supply if it is +5ºС outside, and where should the excess heat be put? In the windows? With the task of receiving optimal temperature Not every even very expensive solid fuel boiler can cope with complex system control with reserve tanks or cascade schemes, in which several boilers of different power are used to achieve the required power in frequently changing weather conditions. And the more parts there are in the device, the higher the risk of failure of at least one of them, and the frost will not wait until the technician arrives with the necessary spare part (and it’s good if it is in stock and not on order in a couple of weeks). .. :).
Very often in winter period some rooms in the house are mostly empty and only need to maintain a positive temperature in anticipation of guests. This is where regular radiator taps with a thermal head come to the rescue. Reducing the temperature in some rooms will not make others hotter. The boiler itself will compensate for the drop in energy consumption. At the same time, the operating time will increase and will allow you to save fuel.
Pyrolysis boiler "Cosmos" KMV. Boiler operation.
Design of the Cosmos boiler KMV
The firebox has a cylindrical shape, into which a grate revolution is inserted through the lower door, which acts as a blower. It is made of the same stainless steel as the firebox. During operation of the boiler, very little ash is formed, and it is very convenient to remove it from under the grate while the boiler is operating. This made it possible to do without the usual ash drawer.
Thanks to the patented method of strengthening the firebox, it is not subject to temperature deformation, which made the design less material-intensive and, as a result, the weight of the 18 kW boiler is only 100 kg. Between the firebox and the body there is insulation, thanks to which heat is not wasted. In this case, the boiler can be installed both indoors (boiler room) and outside. Small dimensions and weight greatly facilitate transportation and installation. No special foundation is required in the boiler room. In the heating system, you can use a storage tank and an indirect heating boiler to obtain hot water for water supply, produced by NPP "Thermopass".
The shape of the firebox is ideal for extracting heat from the entire surface, so the Cosmos pyrolysis boiler works clearly and predictably, maintaining the set temperature until the last ember. Even when the wood burns out, the coals still give off heat for a very long time, which continues to warm the coolant. It is enough to stir the ashes, lay them new batch firewood onto the smoldering coals, open the ashpit slightly and the fire flares up again! It’s not easy to “miss” the fire in our cauldron! His vitality never ceases to amaze.
We take into account the wishes of the customer
Long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boilers "Cosmos", at the customer's request, can be manufactured with both right- and left-handed doors. And also the supply pipe can be on the right or left.
Installation of the Cosmos boiler
The boiler can be installed in the following ways:
1. In a boiler room located in a building in three ways:
1) on the floor
2) on the brackets you can place the boiler at a convenient height for you and you won’t have to bend down when servicing.
3) mounted in the wall, with the front part of the boiler located inside the room and the chimney outside. In addition to significant space savings in the boiler room, as well as increased fire safety, because... the hot chimney does not pass through the wall; this installation has a very original aesthetic appearance.
2. IN autonomous boiler room ,
3. Next to the house under a canopy, which is very welcome by our clients. The duration of operation without additional loading allows it to be placed outside a heated room.This simplifies the installation of a chimney that runs outside and rises Fire safety building. Due to its miniscule weight, the boiler can be installed on any flat surface or hung on brackets to the wall.
An insulated sandwich pipe made of special stainless steel with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm should be used as a chimney.
The recommended pipe height to ensure the required draft is 6 m. The length of the horizontal section of the chimney when exiting through the wall to the outside should not exceed 1 m. No more than two turns of the chimney by 90 degrees are allowed.
For normal operation the boiler needs an insulated chimney, a safety group with a 1.5 atm valve, expansion tank and a circulation pump installed on the return line. When using a gravity heating system, a pump is not needed.
To ensure hot water supply, use in the system indirect heating boiler .
Burns any type of solid fuel
The design of the boiler allows you to burn any chopped or unchipped logs of dry or damp wood maximum length from 0.5 to 1.2 meters depending on the power of the boiler, pellets, coal, briquettes.
Additional loading can be done while the boiler is operating, without waiting for complete combustion of the fuel. Anyone who has made a fire at least once in their life can handle ignition.
Our experiment
We conducted an experiment: how much firewood fits into the firebox of the Cosmos-18 boiler. We used ordinary birch firewood.
Loaded them into the firebox
Then they weighed them.
It turned out that the firebox holds 21 kg of birch firewood. Based on calculations carried out by plant specialists, the power released coniferous species wood with a moisture content of 35% when burned is 2.6 kWh/kg. For birch firewood, this figure is slightly higher, but even if we count it as pine firewood, the Cosmos-18 boiler is capable of generating almost 5 kW/hour for 12 hours. 2.6 kWh/kg*21 kg/12 h = 4.55 kWh. In practice, this power is more than enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in a heated building. We checked: when it’s +5°C outside the window and +40°C on the boiler, then in an insulated house with the windows open it’s +27°C! What will you do if the batteries are at +70°C, but they don’t allow it below? specifications boiler? In our opinion, there are three options: 1) Fork out for optional equipment. 2) Steam with a broom like in a bathhouse. 3) Put out the boiler and dress warmly. By installing the Cosmos boiler you will receive a device capable of providing comfortable temperature in the house in any weather and at no extra cost.
Operational safety comes first!
During operation, the body and doors of the boiler heat up slightly, which prevents skin burns from contact with them with an unprotected hand.
Appreciate your time, coziness and comfort in your home.
The boiler is not furniture! Choose it according to its technical characteristics.
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8-800-550-41-79 |
8 January 2014 
Alexei
There are a large number of methods for heating rooms of various purposes. The owner of the building goes through all of them in search of the optimal and most profitable option.
But the possibility of using solid fuel equipment is most often not considered at all. Although modern gas-generating solid fuel pyrolysis boilers have a lot of advantages.
And in some respects they are even superior to gas-powered models.
Operating principle of pyrolysis equipment
The development of new devices for heating systems is carried out on the basis of research by institute specialists. At the same time, great attention is paid to the study and modeling of combustion processes various types fuels to achieve:
- Reducing his expenses
- Increased heat transfer level
- Reducing harmful impurities in exhaust gases
The result of this work was pyrolysis solid fuel gas generator boilers, the operating principle of which is based on the property of wood to decompose into gas and solid components.
This was discovered during the research process. But they also drew attention to the need for special conditions for the most effective occurrence of the pyrolysis process.
- Firstly, this established conditions, such as a temperature of about 1000º C and oxygen deficiency during the combustion process
- Secondly, a certain moisture content of wood used as fuel
Only if all the factors are present will firewood, when burned, be able to produce additional view fuel - gas, this process is called gas generation. This feature made it possible to call these solid fuel devices gas generators or pyrolysis devices, because the process of producing gas from solid organic fuel is called pyrolysis.
Principle of operation:
Based on the operating features of such pyrolysis equipment, it was possible to achieve better performance in terms of the amount of generated thermal energy than conventional models. And although almost all types of solid fuel are subject to this process, wood is capable of releasing the maximum amount of gas, which was taken into account by the developers.
Unique gas generator boiler design
The biggest disadvantage of such equipment is its high cost. But she is the result of it design features, and not by some desire of the manufacturer to earn as much as possible. A pyrolysis gas generator boiler must extract gas from wood, and for this certain conditions must be created, such as:
- Temperature in the furnace up to 800º C
- Minimum oxygen supply
To achieve such indicators, the developers had to divide the firebox into two chambers:
- boot
- combustion
The volumetric compartment in the lower part is used for loading firewood and, depending on the power of the device, it can accommodate different volumes of fuel. It heats the wood to the required temperature while isolating it from excess oxygen. The gas released in this case is fed into the upper chamber, where it is mixed with air and burned.
A design feature is the presence of reverse movement of air in the lower chamber. The movement occurs from above, and this requires a smoke exhauster equipped with an electric drive and automation.
Heating the compartments to significant temperatures requires high-strength materials. Therefore, in these boilers, the combustion chambers are most often made of steel or cast iron. Each of the materials has its own advantages and it is impossible to say that any of them is the best.
Equipment Manufacturers
Selecting complex technical devices associated with certain difficulties. Therefore, it is better to trust the technical documentation, while not forgetting about the reputation of the manufacturer. Based on these parameters, the most competitive gas generator pyrolysis boilers on the domestic market are the following brands:
Their choice is not accidental; in addition to the excellent quality of the products, all documentation is compiled taking into account the rated power of the equipment.
Therefore, studying it will allow the consumer to obtain truthful information about the duration of work on one tab and many other features of the functioning of the boiler.
To orient you a little about the capabilities of this equipment, we will conduct short review several models. For example, consider gas-generating pyrolysis devices operating on solid fuel:
- Logano (Buderus)
German boilers presented model range with a power of up to 45 kW for steel samples and 36 kW for cast iron. Their efficiency reaches 85%.
In this case, the duration of work on one tab is 2 hours. They are equipped with an automatic system, including a water temperature indicator and a safety limiter.
TO distinctive features include firewood lengths up to 680 mm and the presence of built-in cooling heat exchangers.
French devices are somewhat inferior in power; it is limited to 30 kW. In terms of efficiency, they are also inferior to German models, having it from 50%. But the logs are somewhat longer in length; they can reach 800 mm.
As can be seen from the listed characteristics, each of them has its own advantages, and the choice depends only on your needs.
Main characteristics
Having decided on the manufacturer, you need to choose a model. To do this, you should clarify such features as:
- Acceptable fuel types
- Energy dependence
- Availability of automation systems
- Price
Of all the listed parameters, consumers are most often interested in fuel. And if theoretically a gas generator boiler can operate on any of the solid types of organic origin, in practice not all of them have good energy efficiency.
Why you should choose gas-generating solid fuel boilers, watch the video:
For example, wood does not have the highest heat transfer, but it is chosen more often than others precisely for its minimum expenses. However, this type of fuel is considered ideal for pyrolysis devices due to the possibility of releasing large volumes of flammable gas, which is very important for this type of device.
Such models are especially popular in production where wood is processed. In this case, a pyrolysis gas generator boiler is the best choice, since it will work successfully on production waste.
This will solve two problems at once:
- Waste disposal
- Room heating
Your right choice
The purchase of heating equipment is based primarily on the availability of one type of fuel.
And for those who do not have the opportunity to connect to the gas mains the best option is a solid fuel gas generator boiler.
And this is facilitated by him positive traits, such as: economical consumption of products and a small amount of harmful emissions, which is the most relevant today.
Gas-generating or pyrolysis (according to the principle of operation) boilers are in demand due to their high fuel economy combined with attractive efficiency.
Main characteristics of gas generator boilers
- The main difference between gas generator boilers and other analogue heating equipment is the volume of the loading chamber. A number of manufacturers of these units significantly increase this module; thanks to this design innovation, boiler-gas generators are able to function for a day or more until the next load. A programmable block is also used, through which you can control temperature conditions, both in the room as a whole, and with establishing the difference for direct supply and return. Based on the entered adjustments, a certain operating mode of the pyrolysis boiler is selected.
- Gas generator boilers are divided by type of fuel. Most often, consumers give preference to universal models in which several types of energy resources can be used at once. Although it has been noted that wood significantly increases the efficiency of the unit.
- An important point The location of the combustion chamber is also considered, which affects the performance characteristics. In most cases, the upper installation of this module indicates the energy dependence of the heating equipment, and therefore general scheme should be supplemented with a generator or source uninterruptible power supply to avoid emergency situations in the power supply and failures in the settings program.
- Compared to other heating equipment, the installation of gas generator boilers is much simpler, due to the absence of the need to obtain an installation permit, as well as the use of chimneys with a simple design, without restrictions on height and temperature conditions.
The principle of operation of gas generator boilers
- Firewood is placed in a sealed firebox and lit using a igniter.
- In the chamber, the temperature with the help of a burner reaches 200-800 degrees.
- Oxidation of the fuel occurs, during which gas is released.
- When mixed with oxygen, a flammable mixture is formed.
- The combustible mixture is ignited, which leads to the release of thermal energy.
Gas generator boilers - advantages and disadvantages
The cost of gas generator boilers is slightly higher than similar equipment operating on a different principle. This is explained by the benefits that the consumer receives as a result of the operation of such units:
- Use of any types of solid fuel energy resources.
- These boilers are otherwise called long-burning devices, due to the low rate of fuel combustion.
- Simplified operation combined with minimal maintenance.
- Precise temperature programming.
- Absolutely environmentally friendly, minimizing harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
- Efficiency reaches 100%.
When choosing a particular model of pyrolysis boilers, the following features should be taken into account:
- High weight of equipment.
- Energy dependence of some models.
- Although the interval in fuel filling is long, there is still a need for human participation in the operation of the unit.
Gas generator boilers are one of the types of solid fuel boilers, usually water heating devices. The essence of its work is that the fuel and volatile substances in it burn separately. In other words, pyrolysis of solid fuel occurs, which is why boilers are also called pyrolysis boilers. This heating equipment is especially effective when working with wood, wood briquettes, brown coal and some fractions of coal.
Use gas generator boilers to heat your home
Unit design
The design of the gas generator boiler is a furnace with two chambers, which are separated cast iron grates. The first chamber is designed for pyrolysis of wood, and the second is for burning the released gas. In some designs, gas chambers are connected to kitchen stoves. The main details of such a device are:
- nozzle;
- fan;
- controllers;
- air ducts;
- water pipes;
- chimney.
In this video we will look at the operating principle of gas generator boilers:
In addition, to ensure safe operation of boiler equipment, the design contains: safety valves, pressure measurement sensors, air supply regulators. General monitoring and adjustment of the operational process is carried out using an electronic control unit. Some boiler models have remote control.
Rules for choosing fuel
During the combustion of any solid fuel, carbon monoxide is released. From the experience of using gas generators, it has been proven that the release of this gas is especially large quantities occurs when wood is burned.
Hence the conclusion that It is best to heat this unit with wood. IN modern boilers their ignition and further combustion process are fully automated. At the same time, certain requirements are imposed on such fuel.
The moisture content of the wood used should not exceed 20%, otherwise it will have to be pre-dried. At the same time, you should choose only the hardest types of wood: beech, oak, acacia. You cannot use coal in those models where this option is not provided, as the unit may fail.
Operating principle of the equipment
During combustion, solid fuel begins to release gas, which continues to support this process. Wood-burning gas-generating boilers are designed in such a way that rapid combustion is impossible in them as in conventional stoves. This happens because carbon monoxide burns in a separate chamber. Thus, the whole process is divided into several stages:
- First, solid fuel undergoes a drying process in a special section of the gas generator boiler.
- Next, the wood burns in the firebox at a temperature range from 200 to 850°C. During this process, practically no oxygen enters the furnace.
- The released gas burns in a special chamber using burners.
As a result, the fuel is divided into two components: a solid fraction and a gaseous substance. The removal of these parts from the boiler occurs separately, and when gas and carbon come into contact during combustion, the smoke is purified from harmful substances.
Popular models
Currently, gas generator boilers using wood and other solid fuels are widely represented on the market of equipment for space heating. They differ from each other both structurally and in cost. Among them, the following models are worth noting:
- OPOP ECOMAX 30 - economical boilers from Czech manufacturers. The presence of an electronic unit allows you to control two circulation pumps, thermostat and fan. The unit's performance coefficient reaches about 90%.
- Viadrus Hercules U32 - the body of this unit is made of cast iron. The boiler operates using wood, coal and does not depend on the availability of electricity. There is no fan in its design; air is supplied naturally.
- ATMOS DC is a steel boiler that runs on wood. The presence of an exhaust fan allows you to collect ash practically without dust. Some varieties of this model also have an air-injecting fan.
- Bastion M-KST-15P is a non-volatile boiler from Russian manufacturers. It has a large capacity, which allows the coolant to circulate through the system due to inertia. This heating system does not require circulation pumps.
The following models are also considered popular and inexpensive: Divo-10, Burzhuy-K STANDARD-20, Wattek PYROTEK 36, etc.
Advantages and disadvantages of boilers
The main advantage of such units is high efficiency combustion of solid fuel. Compared to simple ovens, working on wood, then when using a gas generator, the efficiency is usually much higher.
Most of these installations are non-volatile devices and can be installed in facilities that are not supplied with electricity. Such units have previously been successfully installed on cars. In addition, boilers that do not require electricity are much cheaper.
To operate this device, you can use any type of wood, even waste from its production. Another significant advantage of such heating is that the boiler is capable of operating for a long time on one portion of solid fuel.
This feature makes it easier to operate these units. But still, these devices have a number of disadvantages, based mainly on the mandatory presence of a person during their maintenance.
This is especially important when choosing such devices in comparison with gas units. Besides, The gas generator needs to be serviced periodically, clean from soot and soot, since decay products exist in them.
