The problem of lifting large loads has been facing humanity for quite some time. IN last years To solve this problem, jacks are increasingly being used. The hydraulic jack stands apart in this series. He is capable of lifting really heavy loads with a minimum of effort. Hydraulics, since the advent of science, has come to the aid of man. There are situations when a lift of this kind is simply necessary, but there is no way to purchase it. How to make a homemade jack?
Design and its features
Of course, before you start working directly, you definitely need to find out more about the design hydraulic jack. In fact, it is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. The main elements are a housing, a pump, a plunger, and a screw with a lifting heel. A hydraulic jack is most often made of hardened steel. At the same time, as working fluid is a special oil with high viscosity. Regular motor oil will not work in this situation.
It is worth taking this into account when developing the device. Typically, the body is the main part of a hydraulic jack. It serves not only as a reservoir for the working fluid, but also as a real cylinder for the piston. The device of this design implies the presence of safety valves that provide uninterrupted operation. It is equipped with a hand or foot pump.
The oil is drained using a special handle, which is part of the mechanism. The lifting mechanism and a special retractable hydraulic cylinder are capable of raising the working platform. Enough is being created high pressure, which allows you to lift loads of various masses. The body of such a device can be either short or elongated. The second option is most often used when carrying out repair work heavy equipment. For example, it could be a bus or a heavy vehicle.
Since ancient times, people have been faced with the problems of lifting large loads to a height; for this, many people were usually involved, and bulky structures were erected, which were not always super-strength, and therefore often broke, causing casualties. A way out of the situation appeared with the invention of a machine such as a hydraulic jack, which is still widely used today. Such an installation, unlike winches, is more reliable and is capable of lifting large loads at lower costs.
Purpose of a hydraulic jack
Today it is impossible to imagine carrying out repair work on a car, be it suspension repair or changing a wheel, without the use of jacks - special mechanisms that are designed to lift a heavy load and fix it at the required height. The most effective are hydraulic jacks, where the working force is created using hydraulic oil and a piston.
The first mechanical jacks appeared in ancient times. And the idea of creating a hydraulic jack circuit specifically for a car arose unintentionally. Repairman Peter Lunati came across this idea in a hairdressing salon, being surprised at how easy it was for the hairdresser to fix the hydraulic chair at a certain height. In 1925, a complex platform lift with a hydraulic strut was made for a car.
Hydraulic jacks are distinguished by their lifting capacity, which ranges from one to several hundred tons, which allows them to be used in the repair of trucks and other heavy equipment.
Machine bodies or flooring, foundation slabs and columns are used as loads. Depending on the purpose of use, such equipment has different dimensions and designs.
A hydraulic jack is used to move, lift and secure loads. The device is used in the field of general mechanics and tire fitting work, and is also indispensable when preparing a car for a long trip to create balancing: the wheel is removed using a jack and balanced using special equipment.
Modern hydraulic jacks are widely used not only in service stations and car repair shops. They are successfully used in oil refineries, power plants and other industrial complexes. The highest level of performance and ease of operation have allowed this technology to be introduced into the domestic environment, which is why many owners have a hydraulic jack in their garage.
This equipment is capable of working in horizontal and vertical planes, so it is widely used on the construction site and for tensioning reinforcement structures made of stressed reinforced concrete.
Hydraulic jack design
The main load-bearing elements of a hydraulic jack are the body, the working fluid, usually oil, and the retractable piston. The hydraulic jack has an elongated or short body that is made of hardened steel. The housing performs the following functions: it acts as a guide cylinder for the piston and serves as a reservoir for working oil.
The screw with the lifting heel is screwed into the plunger, turning the screw out, so if necessary it is possible to increase maximum height rise. This type of jack is equipped with a hydraulic pump with manual, foot or air drive. The hydraulic jack is equipped with safety valves and other devices to ensure long-term trouble-free operation.
The lifting mechanism and retractable hydraulic cylinder, raised upward by a special platform, are located in the housing holes. The descent occurs by turning the T-shaped handle. The equipment has polyamide wheels, which provide the jack with maneuverability. The body of the extended range is used mainly for working with buses and heavy vehicles.
Working principle of a hydraulic jack
Any hydraulic jack works on the principles of communicating vessels using liquid. Before work, you must place the jack on a flat, hard surface under the car and press the lever with the valve closed until the car rises to the required height. The vehicle is lowered by smoothly opening the device valve counterclockwise.
The working hydraulic oil is pumped by a drive pump using a lever. Liquid enters the cylinder through the valve and squeezes it out. The reverse flow of liquid will be prevented by valves - discharge and suction. To lower the jack back, you need to open the valve on the pump, then the oil will flow from the cylinder back into the pump.
The presence of threads on the jack body, which is protected by a dirt-proof casing, threads on the rod and threaded holes in the base guarantees unlimited possibilities use and operation of hydraulic jacks for crimping, clamping and bending. A high-strength support, made of hardened steel and installed on the rod, can protect the hydraulic jack from damage. The corrugated surface of the support prevents loads from sliding. The force of hydraulic jacks is regulated by a built-in pressure gauge.
Advantages and disadvantages of hydraulic jacks
Hydraulic jacks are among the most unpretentious for all their power. An important feature of hydraulics is the incompressible working material. Hence the smoothness of lowering and lifting, fixing the load on required height and braking accuracy. Hydraulic jacks demonstrate high level Efficiency - up to 80% and significant load capacity - up to 200 tons with little effort due to the large gear ratio between the cross-sectional surfaces of the pump plunger and cylinder.
But hydraulic jacks have a much higher initial lifting height than mechanical models. Another difficulty is the impossibility of accurately adjusting the lowering height. To maintain the jack in working condition, it is necessary to constantly monitor the oil level and control the tightness of valves and seals. Such jacks can only be transported and stored in a vertical position, as otherwise the liquid may leak out of the tank.
The disadvantages of hydraulic jacks arise from their advantages. They are relatively slow - one cycle of pump operation corresponds to a not too high lift height. The disadvantages include the large weight and size, the high price of the hydraulic jack, as well as the short stroke for single-plunger models. In addition, these tools often experience more serious breakdowns and malfunctions than mechanical devices.
Classification of hydraulic jacks
There are several types of hydraulic jacks.
Bottle hydraulic jacks
The design of a bottle (vertical) hydraulic jack is the simplest. The scope of use of such jacks is quite wide due to the large range of lifted weights - from 2 to 100 tons. “Bottles” are used in trucks. In addition to the main advantages of a hydraulic jack, vertical models have several more - versatility of use, compactness and big square supports.
There are single-rod and double-rod bottle jacks. The hydraulic single-rod apparatus is characterized by its simple design and ease of operation, which expands the scope of its use and allows it to perform work of any complexity: installation and dismantling in mechanical engineering, construction, repair of cars, wheels of railway cars, use as a power unit of a press, pipe bender, pipe cutter and similar tools .
A telescopic double-rod jack has a similar design to a bottle-type jack; the operating principle of a bottle-type hydraulic jack is based on the use of several working rods. The piston is located at the base of the telescopic jack. It can be used in horizontal and vertical positions. It is compact and fits most cars. Lifting occurs using a lifting lever driven by a hydraulic cylinder.
Rolling jacks
A rolling jack works on a similar principle to a bottle jack, but with the difference that the axis of the working cylinder is not located in the vertical axis, moreover, the piston is not directly aligned with the pick-up and the lifting lever is activated. This device is called a rolling device because it is a cart on wheels that can roll on a flat surface. When the lifting arm and lever are raised, the jack “rolls up” or moves under the load.
Such a jack is driven by the same swing of the lever as bottle models, and is lowered in the same way - by turning the valve screw. If it is necessary to lower the load down, it is necessary to place the tubular handle on the valve screw, after which the partition will fit into the groove of this screw. By rotating the handle around its axis, the user rotates the screw accordingly, relieving the pressure in the working cylinder and lowering the load to the required height.
Most often, a rolling jack can be found at a tire service station, because it is ideal for lifting one side of the car and is quite quick to operate and install. The disadvantages of this design follow from the name - a rolling jack needs a flat, hard surface, concrete or asphalt, to work. In addition, the significant size and weight make it difficult to transport the unit in a car.
Rolling jacks are classified by purpose, as in the photo of hydraulic jacks:
- For personal use by motorists, with a carrying capacity of up to 3 tons;
- For car services and tire shops, with a lifting capacity of up to 4 tons and with pre-lift pedals to instantly achieve the required pick-up height;
- For servicing heavy machines and special vehicles (forklifts), with a lifting capacity of up to 20 tons and with pre-lift pedals and a sliding crossbeam, which is designed to lift one side of the machine.
Transmission rolling jacks are equipped with a special rotating frame. Here the smoothness and precision of hydraulic jacks is demonstrated in all its glory. The gearbox of a car that is being mounted or dismantled can be precisely fixed in a horizontal or vertical plane in the desired position.
Hydraulic hybrids
Two-level jacks are needed mainly in car repair shops, where they work with different cars. The features of this device include two lifting platforms. The drawing of a two-level hydraulic jack is generally a hybrid of a rolling jack and a bottle jack. To be more precise, a two-level jack is used at a height of 65 - 375 millimeters from the ground as a rolling jack and at a height of 375 - 687 millimeters as a telescopic one. When working with the lifting mechanism, use a hand lever and a foot pedal.
The pneumohydraulic jack combines hydraulics and pneumatics. It can be manufactured in a rolling solution and has a load capacity ranging from 2 to 80 tons. The initial pickup height is low. It is used exclusively as equipment for car service.
Hitch jacks
Low-lifting toe jacks are widely used wherever a low lifting height is needed: for installing and dismantling various equipment, for lifting rails on the railway, as well as in auto repair shops. It is precisely this low pick-up height, which ranges from 15 millimeters, with the possibility of step-by-step adjustment, that is very convenient when assembling mechanisms and acts as the hallmark of a hook jack. But this jack is based on a simple bottle-type device.
Diamond jacks
Hydraulic diamond jack is mainly required for lifting machines during repairs. It is characterized by high reliability when compared with its screw relative, and is practically not inferior to it in ease of use.
In a diamond jack, four levers act as load-bearing elements, which are connected by hinges. The operation of a hydraulic jack and lifting loads is based on changing the angles between the levers. The advantages of diamond jacks include their small dimensions, which ensures convenient storage, transportation and at the same time a significant supporting surface and structural rigidity. Relatively low pick-up height.
Manufacturing of hydraulic press
When a car enthusiast independently services his entire vehicle fleet, one of the most necessary tools is a press. We suggest you make your own press from a hydraulic jack, which will become a reliable companion when performing a whole list of work. With its help you can punch holes in different materials, pressing inserts and bushings, pressing metalworking waste.
Assembling a hydraulic press is not that difficult. You will need for this welding machine with the required number of welding electrodes, hacksaw, angular Grinder with a metal disc, thick-walled steel profile for the construction of the press. Functions of the power unit that provides the necessary operating pressure, performs a hydraulic jack.
First node hydraulic press there is a supporting platform for the jack. Since the resulting pressure will be proportional to that applied to the base and upper working units, the strength of the base should be maximum. This can be achieved by making several stiffening ribs on the base. To make the base, take a steel square or rectangular profile that has a size of 40 by 50 or 50 by 50 millimeters and cut 4 parts about 250-300 millimeters long using the above tools.
After this, it is necessary to lay these parts with the side walls facing each other and weld the joining seams at the top and bottom to increase the rigidity of the base of the press. To ensure greater stability of the hydraulic jack, weld a steel plate to the resulting structure, the sheet of which has a thickness of 8 -12 millimeters and a size of 250 by 200 millimeters.
The next stage in the manufacture of a homemade press from a jack is the production of a stop and racks. To do this, you need to saw off 2 parts from the profiled thick wall pipe rectangular or square shape required length. To calculate it, you need to clarify the maximum stroke of the rod using the instructions supplied with the jack and add the height of the hydraulic jack itself and the support platform to the resulting size.
Make the stop from the same material as the racks. The length of this part must be equal to the width of the support platform in order to maintain the overall geometry of the structure. Connect the stop and the resulting posts with a weld and weld the U-shaped structure to the base.
When performing such assembly operations It is recommended to use a simple device that ensures the perpendicularity of the parts to be joined. On steel sheet, which has a thickness of at least 10 millimeters, two pieces of steel angle 40 by 40 millimeters should be welded at an angle of 90 degrees. Place the parts to be connected later in this device and cook.
This way you can achieve the desired connection angle. For additional convenience, this improvised square is additionally equipped with clamping devices that fix the parts to be joined and prevent the connection angle from being violated due to thermal changes during welding in the metal.
Next mandatory element Our press has a removable stop that can move along guides and transmit pressure from the central working rod of the hydraulic jack to the workpiece. To make it, prepare several pieces of steel strip, which is about 1 centimeter thick. Make the length of the parts less than the resulting distance between the posts. Connect the resulting parts in several places by welding on both sides.
To ensure quick replacement of this part when any repairs are made hydraulic work and to fix the element when moving on vertical posts, it is necessary to drill two through holes in the resulting block of steel strips and saw off two plates, their length should be 100 millimeters greater than the length of the block. Also drill two holes in the plates that match the holes in the block.
When installing the block on the press frame using a hydraulic jack, select two bolts of the required length with nuts and washers with your own hands and connect the resulting plates to the block so that they are located on both sides of the racks. If there is a need to achieve less free play of the hydraulic jack piston, you can reduce the space between the moving stop and the upper beam of the structure by additionally installing an intermediate square profile.
To do this, saw off a section of a square profile that has a length that is equal to the distance between the posts, and attach it at an equal distance with the welds. This will significantly reduce the working distance of the hydraulic press and reduce the time spent on certain types of work.
To further reduce the stroke of the working rod of a hydraulic jack, you can use additional replaceable inserts that are made of solid or hollow steel profile or replaceable anvils. To create them, you should saw off several parts of different thicknesses and additionally mark them for quick and thorough selection of the desired element.
Hydraulic jack repair
Hydraulic jacks periodically require maintenance, so it is necessary to add liquid to the working cylinder, which flows out during operation through oil seals and various seals. In addition to oil leakage, malfunctions of the jack include jamming when lifting a load to a certain height, the inability to lower the jack after lifting, or the inability to lift even a light load.
Oil leak
To repair and test a hydraulic jack at home, you should buy the necessary repair kit for the equipment. Before performing repairs, you must first disassemble the device. An extension to the keys may be required to provide significant force and greater leverage. Be sure to prepare a container to drain the old oil and prepare new working fluid.
After this, the pistons should be removed and checked for corrosion. All dirt and corrosion are removed. Check to see if the stem is bent. If deformation occurs, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to make it even again and there is no need to repair anything further.
It is necessary to check the oil bypass valve. To do this, the valve is unscrewed and checked for deformation or dirt getting inside the valve. If the valve is faulty due to mechanical deformation, then it should simply be replaced. In addition, it can simply become dirty, and the ball will not fit tightly into its seat. This is the reason for the passage of working fluid.
Completely drain the old oil. This procedure is quite simple, although it takes a lot of time while the oil flows from one cylinder to another. The liquid is drained by pumping the system, moving the lever up and down. Wash all parts thoroughly to remove dirt and oil residues. Completely replace all cuffs and gaskets.
Another reason for the failure of a hydraulic jack may be dirt that has entered the working cavity. To remove it from there, you need to unscrew the head of the housing, pour kerosene into its base and pump the jack with the locking needle unscrewed. Upon completion of the operation, kerosene should be removed and clean oil should be poured into the working cavity.
Air entry
During long-term operation, air bubbles accumulate in the working cavity of the jack, significantly reducing its effectiveness. The reason for this is usually air that has entered due to a lack of operating oil in the hydraulic system. You can fix this problem as follows.
First, open the oil tank cap and bypass valve, and then quickly pump the hydraulic press pump several times. In this way, air will be forced out of the working cavity into the oil container. You can then close the bypass valve and the hole leading to the oil tank. If you did everything correctly, the air will be removed and the jack will work normally again.
If your attempt is unsuccessful, repeat all of the above steps. However, this method is not the only one for removing air from the working cavity. It is not difficult to determine the presence of air in the working cavity: the jack does not work at all, or the load is lifted slowly.
First, unscrew the locking needle one and a half to two turns, then lift the plunger by hand by the screw to the uppermost point and release it so that it is again in the lower position. Repeat these steps twice or three times. To prevent a similar problem from arising in the future, it is worth periodically checking the oil level in the hydraulic jack and adding working fluid if it is insufficient.
Thus, you have become familiar with the design of a hydraulic jack, studied its advantages and disadvantages, understood the classification of such equipment and understood how a hydraulic jack works. Now you can start assembling the device yourself. And don’t forget about periodic maintenance and adding operating oil.
The most necessary things that every motorist should have are a jack, a cable and a balloon. Fortunately, now all this can be bought at any auto store. We are not looking for simple ways and will talk about how to make a homemade jack for a car.
and their features
First of all, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there are several current designs of jacks. The most popular are hydraulic, rolling and mechanical. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Mechanical jacks are very reliable, but most models are not designed for heavy loads. Hydraulic ones lift large masses, but very often oil leaks from under the gaskets at the seals. As for pneumatic ones, this is one of the most optimal options. Making a homemade car jack is not that difficult, let’s see exactly how. Let's start with the simplest.
DIY rolling jack
One of the most popular types lifting devices car - rolling. It is called that not because it can be transported on wheels from one corner of the garage to another. The principle of operation is that while lifting the car, the jack moves under the car. This happens due to the displacement of the lever relative to the fulcrum.
A channel, as well as a pair of corners, can be taken as the basis for the upper and lower arms. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the jack itself can be hydraulic or pneumatic. The first option is more load-bearing, the second is less problematic in terms of maintenance. Displacement of the rolling jack is possible if there are two pairs of wheels, and this is the main condition.
About the advantages and disadvantages of the design
This drawing of a homemade rolling jack shows that in terms of the necessary tool and the material design is quite expensive. Unless, of course, you have half the material sitting in your garage as unwanted junk.
The material you will need is a channel with walls 4.5 mm and shelves 7.5 mm thick. You also need a welding machine and an old bottle hydraulic or regular one. Do not make the levers too long, 400-500 mm each. But if this is how it was done, it’s worth thinking about making an additional support. The advantage of such a jack is that it is convenient to use. But at the same time, carrying it with you in the trunk is not the best The best decision. Ideal for use as a stationary “garage” tool.
Hydraulic homemade jack
This is one of the simplest, but at the same time effective designs. For manufacturing you will need a support platform. Its strength and rigidity should be as great as possible. This can be achieved using additional stiffeners.
An important step is supporting structure, which is made from profiled pipe square section. It is desirable that its thickness be at least 10 mm. We use the old hydraulic type as a basis. It is worth noting that even in in this case you'll need quite a lot metal profile, welding, and effort.
With a responsible approach to work, you will receive a high-quality and reliable design. However, it is worth calculating the costs in advance. If the amount turns out to be more than 2,000 rubles, then it hardly makes sense to bother with this matter.
Buy or make?
Of course, you can make a homemade jack for a car. But it is worth doing this if this procedure is advisable. Now there is huge selection jacks in stores at an affordable price. For example, for 1,500 rubles you can get a good-quality diamond-shaped jack. It is reliable, stable and does not take up much space, making it easy to transport.
Good quality rolling jacks are sold for 2,500-3,000 rubles. They have good load capacity and are reliable, although they are extremely bulky and heavy. It is possible to make a rolling one. But this will require a lot of tools and material, which will ultimately result in serious costs.
A homemade car jack, made by you personally, will also have its advantages. If you approach the matter correctly, the result will be reliable design, the resource of which will clearly be higher than the purchased device. But it’s easy to make a mistake here. For example, some welds, especially on the bend of the lever, may burst, and this, in turn, will lead to dire consequences. In any case, it's up to you. The drawings presented in this article will help you make your own jack. But this can take a whole day off and a lot of nerves and materials. But if you have a tool, and there’s a lot of metal in the garage, then it’s definitely worth a try. Moreover, you know how to make a jack with your own hands.
A jack is used to lift a car to repair or replace a wheel. They are different designs. The most common are mechanical and hydraulic. In this article we will consider in detail the principle of operation and design of a hydraulic jack, as well as various options designs.
Working principle of a hydraulic jack
This device is simple and reliable.
If you follow the storage and operating conditions, it will serve you for a very long time.
A jack is used to lift a car
The hydraulic jack works to the following principle, which allows you to lift a car weighing several tons, and sometimes several tens of tons.
The device is not complicated - it is two communicating vessels of different diameters filled with liquid and several valves. As you can see, everything is quite simple and if all the details are made of high quality durable materials, then there is nothing to break here.
Only subject to wear rubber seals pistons and cylinder seals.
The working cylinder, the rod of which lifts the car, has a large diameter, but the main cylinder has a diameter several times smaller.
This is the principle of operation of the entire device. The master cylinder is driven by a lever, oil through check valve hits the slave cylinder and lifts it. Reinforcement is created due to the difference in cross-sectional areas of the cylinders.
Do-it-yourself rolling garage jack | Blueprints
The full stroke of the main one ensures a slight movement of the second one. The difference in stroke between two cylinders is proportional to the difference in their diameters. Thanks to this, a person, without making any serious effort, can lift five, ten, or several tens of tons.
A check valve is used to prevent oil from flowing back into the reservoir. Liquid can only flow through this valve in one direction.
There is another valve that opens manually; it is necessary to allow the fluid to flow back and lower the raised car to its original state.
The principle of operation and its structure are shown in the diagram.
Hydraulic jack design
Two types are used for lifting cars: bottle and rolling.
Bottle Type Hydraulic Jack
So, a bottle-type hydraulic jack.
It consists of a vertical body of large diameter and an adjacent small cylinder, the rod of which is fitted with a removable lever. The body is mounted on a support platform; it often has a screw extension in the rod, which is necessary in order to increase the lifting height. The two cylinders are connected to each other through a check valve.
The housing has a reservoir to store extra oil and a bypass valve to lower the hydraulic bottle jack rod.
All parts must be made of durable alloys, so they experience significant loads and are protected from corrosion.
The design of another type, the rolling hydraulic jack, differs only in the location of the cylinders and the presence of a large platform on rollers.
Lifting a car using a hydraulic rolling device is carried out not by the rod itself, but by a lever connected to it. A metal coin is installed on this lever.
The rolling structure is more stable than the bottle structure and the likelihood that the raised car will shift and fall off the support is much less.
Despite this, safety precautions must always be followed during operation. Be sure to secure the vehicle using the parking brake, the transmission in gear, and placing wheel chocks.
When working under a raised vehicle, always install a safety stand. These measures will help protect the safety of the working person. You can see the detailed design in the drawing.
Rolling hydraulic jack
Jack maintenance and repair
The most common malfunction is leakage of working fluid through seals and seals.
It is necessary to accurately determine the location of the leak and repair it. Only special oil-resistant seals and gaskets should be used. Valve failure may be due to clogged or broken springs.
It is necessary to disassemble, clean and replace faulty parts.
But they need to be stored only in their original state, so that the rod is completely hidden in the body, this will protect it from corrosion. In addition, the bottle type must be stored vertically to prevent the working fluid from leaking out. Once every few years the working fluid needs to be replaced. This is a simple procedure. There is a filling hole on the body, closed with a screw cap.
Through this hole, the oil is drained and filled with new oil. After this, it is necessary, without load, to completely raise and lower the rod several times. This will release any air that may have entered the system.
This is a reliable device that allows you to lift loads of several tens of tons.
It is not complicated. In terms of lifting capacity, hydraulics are significantly ahead of other types of designs. But, unfortunately, there are also disadvantages:
- Heavy weight, really heavy, several times heavier than mechanical competitors.
- Special storage conditions to preserve the working fluid and the risk of corrosion of working elements. This is especially true for bottle-type jacks.
- impossibility of use at low temperatures.
Hydraulic fluid thickens at temperatures below -25 degrees, the elasticity of seals is lost, and the risk of failure increases.
After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages various designs we can come to the following conclusion.
For use with a passenger car, weighing up to two tons, for the necessary road repairs (changing a wheel), a compact mechanical jack is sufficient. But to lift a large and heavy machine, it is better to consider using hydraulics.
Picture 4 from the presentation “Tools in the Garage”
Dimensions: 720 x 540 pixels, format: jpg.
DIY rolling jack
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There are a total of 59 presentations in the “Objects” topic
Nice holiday cards and for every day
Technique: Quilling 1.
If you want a beautiful and "real" flower, you need to make the same flowers.
Of course, it is better to use a ruler with circles. If you additionally make a decorative braid, it must be wiped until each edge is covered.
Get some paper tape, a ruler, and a rolling and rolling tool.
Rollins are shaped like a flower petal.
fourth
If you need decorative embroidery.
Among the flowers.
Collect a flower. In beautiful flowers, all the flower petals are the same. I use this template to edit flower petals properly.
Of course, there are special rulers that are sold in the store and are certainly very convenient, etc.
But the frog strangled me, and I wanted to keep the flower together. So I drew the diagram myself. But the flowers come with different flower petals, and then they come to me too lazy, but not to draw the same for all options by hand.
So I made suggestions on my computer.
I work with these patterns and secrets.
The numbers indicate the number of petals in the flower. It should be noted that pattern 12 is very useful as it contains a pattern for the colors 3, 4, 6 and 12 roosters!!!
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
So print out the template and pick up the flower on the template.
If the core is above the petals, then we are only resting on the flower petals. Stretch the glue only at the ends of the petals, and it is advisable to leave the flower on the template until the glue dries completely!
nineteenth
twentieth
And then we glue the core together.
twenty first
twenty second
For a voluminous flower you also need to make a sepal.
twenty third
And then attach it to the stem (I do this with glue).
twenty-fourth
And insert a flower.
twenty fifth
If the core is at petal level, place it in the middle and then crush the flowers. And if the flower petals don't stick to each other, they lift the glue flower onto each leaf to the center.
Jack jack connector
twenty-sixth
The result is a fairly durable flower and can be used for both bulk and chests.
twenty seventh
Also with the help of a template it is suitable for blooming flowers with several levels:
Fill 6 petals with a core, make two empty ropes and connect them to each other using the templates for 12 petals and in addition you can place needle flowers.
twenty-eighth
twenty-ninth
I put foam under the template.
thirties
thirty first
In a handmade vase with flowers (http://stranamasterov.ru/node/18967) I made all the flowers using the template for 10 and 6 petals:
thirty second
If the flower is well attached to the paper, in this case the template should be placed under the sheet and illuminated with a lamp under these sheets. You can also use glass and window (damage should only be vertical).
You can use these patterns not only to create flowers, but also to link mandalas, wreaths, snowflakes, etc.
Hope this is all helpful! If anyone needs templates written with more high resolution, write to me and send them with pleasure (the quality of proposals has been reduced according to the site rules).
I wish you all creative success!!!
Master class: how to make a beautiful flower. quilling 
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Hydraulic jack is stationary, portable, mobile mechanical device to lift any object, it is located under it, which makes it possible to do without auxiliary structures or hoists. The mechanism runs on mineral oil, which, by moving the differential piston of the pump, lifts the load. It is a means of mechanizing work in various sectors of the national economy.
A hydraulic jack is distinguished by its ability to lift a large mass of cargo (from two to two hundred tons), low effort of the person working with it, high efficiency, smooth lifting, and structural strength.
The disadvantages of powerful mechanisms are their large mass, the initial distance from the parking level of the lifted load, the slow single movement of the piston, and high cost.
Types of jacks
Available in various modifications: bottle, rolling, diamond, two-level, low-hook hook. They differ in design and type of drive.
The bottle jack is used in various areas of the economy; it is distinguished by its simple design and convenient operation. Used for lifting and lowering special equipment, passenger cars, and trucks. During construction, it is possible to lift a building with its help. The main condition is that the weight of the load being lifted must correspond to the lifting capacity of the mechanism specified in the instructions.
The rolling jack works on the bottle jack principle.
The supporting area is placed on a lever, which is raised by the working piston. The lifting height allows you to lift a car of any brand weighing up to three tons.
It has varieties: scissor, with a two-piston cylindrical displacer, elongated.
Jack device
The main parts of a mechanism capable of raising and lowering a load are: a lever - a crossbar rotating around an axis, a plunger - a hollow cylindrical rod.
Valves are shut-off and control valves for passing, shutting off, and regulating the flow of hydraulic oil.
Oil storage, reciprocating movement mechanism inside the cylinder.
When the pump operates, hydraulic fluid fills the base of the cylinder and lifts the cylindrical part upward. As a result, the load rises. A device designed to maintain pressure at the required level consists of suction and discharge valves.
The suction prevents the oil from returning from the cylinder to the reservoir, the discharge prevents it from leaving it. By unscrewing the screw, the pressure decreases and the load falls into place.
Hydraulic oil has the property of non-compression, which affects the uniformity of raising, lowering, and securing an object at the desired height.
Simultaneously, lifting mechanisms They have low operating speed and are difficult to store and move.
Vertical, to prevent oil leakage, are transported while standing. They require regular monitoring of the oil level, condition of seals, valves (no hydraulic oil leakage).
A hydraulic jack is used in everyday life for all kinds of work when it is necessary to lift a load.
The most common use in the prevention and repair of automotive equipment.
Items Maintenance in most cases they are equipped with rolling jacks. Often used during construction and installation work, laying gas and oil pipelines, indispensable assistant during rescue operations. Universal mechanism, can be used in any life situations when lifting the load is necessary.
Drawing of a screw jack with your own hands
Having a drawing at hand - a screw jack, we make it with our own hands from equal-flange bent steel channels GOST 8278-83.
The types of sizes of the used assortment are highlighted in blue rectangles in the figure.
The screw jack consists of the following parts:
Base
Lower shoulder
Upper shoulder
Emphasis
Screw mechanism
BASE
We will make it from assortment with a cross-sectional area of 2.63 (cm²).
We drill four through holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pin. When drilling, strictly maintain the center distance between them. If necessary, the base can be attached to a wider removable platform.
LOWER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range of sections with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the base.
UPPER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 2.28 (cm²) by analogy with the lower arm.
UPOR
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the upper shoulder.
We attach a rubber gasket on top.
SCREW MECHANISM
Shaft - screw.
Reliable homemade jack
Let's make it from a metal rod with a diameter of twelve millimeters. On one side there is an M12 thread, on the other there is a clamp, which is attached to the shaft using a cotter pin through through hole on the shaft.
The axis is the stop. Relative to which the rotation of the lower and upper shoulders occurs.
The axles on both sides are pins with cylindrical flat heads, which are attached to the axle using cotter pins.
A through hole with a diameter of ten millimeters is drilled in one stop, and a thread is cut in the other internal thread M12.
3. Latch. Fixes the shaft on the side of its rotation and provides the ability to transmit torque to the shaft.
Performance characteristics of a self-made screw jack:
Hmin = 65 (mm)
Hmax = 312 (mm)
Pmax = 2000 (kg)
Having a drawing at hand - a screw jack, we make it with our own hands from equal-flange bent steel channels GOST 8278-83.
The types of sizes of the used assortment are highlighted in blue rectangles in the figure.
The screw jack consists of the following parts:
Base
Lower shoulder
Upper shoulder
Emphasis
Screw mechanism
BASE
We will make it from assortment with a cross-sectional area of 2.63 (cm²). We drill four through holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pin. When drilling, strictly maintain the center distance between them. If necessary, the base can be attached to a wider removable platform.
LOWER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range of sections with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the base.
UPPER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 2.28 (cm²) by analogy with the lower arm.
UPOR
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the upper shoulder.
We attach a rubber gasket on top.
SCREW MECHANISM
1. Shaft - screw. Let's make it from a metal rod with a diameter of twelve millimeters. On one side there is an M12 thread, on the other there is a retainer, which is attached to the shaft using a cotter pin through a through hole on the shaft.
2. Axis - stop. Relative to which the rotation of the lower and upper shoulders occurs.
The axles on both sides are pins with cylindrical flat heads, which are attached to the axle using cotter pins.
A through hole with a diameter of ten millimeters is drilled in one stop, and an M12 internal thread is cut in the other.
3. Latch. Fixes the shaft on the side of its rotation and provides the ability to transmit torque to the shaft.
Performance characteristics of a self-made screw jack.
