The peasant farm "Klimanov", well known in the Samara region as "Kinelsky Grapes", grows and breeds grapes on an industrial scale. This is the northernmost industrial vineyard in the country. In the Kinelsky zone, about 140 varieties are represented on a plantation of 6 hectares. Of these for growing on garden plots Some 30–40 varieties are recognized as the best.
Kinel grapes
Among the table varieties of this grape, about 10 best stand out. These are varieties such as Victor, Preobrazhenie, Libya, Jubilee of Novocherkassk, Millennium of Mordovia, Kodryanka, Arcadia. From technical varieties This is Kinelsky-1. The largest variety is Preobrazhenie. The most large berries in the varieties Victor, Yubilei Novocherkassk, Gosudar.
Table. a brief description of the best varieties.
| Name, photo | Short description |
|---|---|
|
| Old grape variety. Already tested by summer residents. Large-fruited grapes. Tolerates cool, humid summers well. Weather resistant. These grapes belong to table varieties. Ripens very early. Plants in height can reach both medium and above mediocre size. They have dense clusters in the shape of a conical cylinder, weighing up to 2 kg. Juicy, fleshy berries of amber or snow-white color ripen large (up to 15 g), heart-shaped. The skin of the berries is quite dense and tolerates transportation well. Gives high yield. The variety is frost-resistant down to -21°C. |
|
| This is a hybrid variety. Ripens early or very early (3.5 months). Grows intensively. Produces plump pink clusters weighing up to 1 kg with large long berries up to 20 g. The taste is sweet and juicy. |
|
| Ripens early, within about 3.5 months. The bush develops quickly, forming many stepsons. The shape of the bunches is irregular or cone-shaped. The bunches reach 1.5 kg. Pink berries are long, large (up to 18 g), juicy and pleasant to the taste. The skin is not very thick. It does not tolerate frosts well, so it is necessary to cover it. |
|
| Ripening dates are early (about 100 days). They have large clusters in the form of cylinders. The weight of the bunches can reach up to 1 kg. The pink berries have the shape of an egg and weigh 13 g. They taste nutmeg, juicy and sweet. |
|
| The variety is hybrid, ripens early (4 months). The bush grows quickly, the flowers pollinate well. The cone-shaped clusters weigh up to 1.7 kg. Large berries of pink color, elongated. The grapes are very tasty, sweet, juicy. Gives a good harvest. High resistance to fungus. |
|
| The variety is particularly resistant to diseases. Ripens early (about 100 days). Plants grow tall. Some bunches can reach 1.5 kg, and berries - 16 g. This is a hopeless variety with good taste. Gives a good harvest. |
|
Sovereign | Fruits in late August. Is hybrid variety. Large clusters with especially large berries, reaching up to 32 g. The berries are golden in color with a reddish tint. They have a nutmeg aroma. The taste is nice. |
|
| A new variety, bred in Novocherkassk. The variety ripens quite early. The bush grows tall. Produces large clusters of enlarged pink berries with dense pulp. Tastes nice. |
|
| Small clusters in the shape of a conical cylinder. They reach almost 100 g in weight. The greenish berries are small, juicy, with strong skin. The taste is nutmeg. |
Selection of planting material
Grape seedlings
On a note! The most important thing when growing grapes is choosing the right seedling.
The seedling must have normal leaf blades and a height of at least 50 cm from the beginning of the root system to the top, so that it can be deepened to a depth of 50 cm.
When to seat?
Grapes should be planted from May to October. All Kinel grapes have a closed root system. That is, you can take it out of the container, cut off the bottom of the container, and then plant the grapes to a depth of 50 cm so that the root system does not freeze.
Step-by-step guide to planting Kinel grapes
It is recommended to plant in a container, since the plastic serves as a thermal shield, reducing the risk of freezing of the root system. There must be moisture around the roots forever, so crushed expanded clay is placed. Under the roots there is a bedding layer of rich soil, and even lower - 10 cm of expanded clay. The hole can be dug or drilled with a 200 mm drill. This is enough and the plant is accepted.
- First you need to choose a seedling not much 0.5 m long.
- Then dig a hole in the ground 0.6 m wide and 0.7 m deep.
- Sprinkle the bottom with crushed expanded clay to the extent of 0.1 m so that moisture is absorbed faster. Pour 0.1 m of soil mixture on top (sand, humus, soil, wood ash).
- Plant a seedling on top and cover halfway with soil.
- During the summer, up to 4 branches (shoots) should appear on the plant.
- In the fall, it is necessary to add soil to the very top of the hole.
- The sleeves should grow horizontally above the ground, not upward.
- It is necessary to ensure that the shoots grow parallel to the ground, so that afterwards the grapes can be conveniently covered for the winter.
Video - Planting grapes
The figure shows a diagram of a two-plane trellis: 1 - polycarbonate roofing; 2 - boards to which the reinforced film is attached; 3 - wire on which we will tie the vine during the season; 4 - young vines that grow from buds during the season; 5 - overwintered sleeves with buds; 6 - stoically trellises, supports for forming and gartering a bush; 7 - attaching the plant to the wire on the trellis
War with wasps
It is produced in the spring using the drug “Adamant”. In spring, wasps wake up from hibernation. The queen is preparing to give birth to offspring, and the wasps are flying and looking for food for her. The bait is made from pieces of meat and fish and mixed with the drug “Adamant”, which is a poison that acts only on insects. He long acting. The wasps feed the queen, and she dies.
Top dressing
For Kinel grapes, Italian fertilizers from the company Valagro are recommended. Use both root and foliar feeding so that the roots receive everything they need, the leaf has good photosynthesis, the vine ripens and it is possible to get a cutting. The ducts must be mature Brown, with bunches and buds. Such a shoot is already ready for winter and will make excellent seedlings.
Much! Grapes need potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. In this case, the fruits will be very beneficial for the human body.
The earliest feeding is when the buds burst. At this time, nitrogen is given (content - 30%).
In June, more phosphorus is added, which gives energy to flowering. You should also give boron at this time (by the way, it should be given in May as well). In total, it is applied 3 times before flowering. This is done so that the pollen is not dry. Otherwise, it does not pollinate plants, no berries are formed or they are formed, but very small ones.
In the other half of summer there is no need to give nitrogen. It is necessary to include potassium fertilizers in the fertilizing. This helps the wood itself become denser. Calcium is also used to help ensure proper cell formation.
IN autumn period increase potassium. Processing is carried out after harvesting. To increase winter hardiness, boron, magnesium, calcium, and manganese are added in the fall.
Caring for grape seedlings
After planting the seedlings, it is especially important to properly care for the grapes. Regular procedures must be performed to obtain concentrated shoots. Care includes painstaking soil cultivation, proper watering, loosening and fertilizing, protection from diseases and pests, as well as covering plants for the winter.
Young plants are very strict in their care in the first 12 months after planting. If you do everything correctly during this period, then in the future Kinel grapes will be fun good harvests year after year.
The main thing you should focus your efforts on is the formation of powerful shoots. It is better to strive to develop one viable and strong duct than to try to support the growth of several more frail branches. They may not bear fruit. It is also very important to prune bushes. It is performed in spring period. At the same time, excess sprouts are cut off and released root system.
Grape bushes do not require much moisture when watering. It is necessary to stop the procedure at the moment when moisture stops being absorbed into the soil. Drying out of the soil around plants can be prevented by covering it with a layer of sawdust or film. It is advisable to add to water for irrigation in summer mineral fertilizers. In this case, it follows that they should be selected taking into account the composition of the soil. Acidic fertilizer is chosen for application to alkaline soil. In this case, neutral fertilizers will also be needed.
Important! Another important event is the proper construction of a grape shelter during the frosty season. This will help him survive the frosts, preserving the future harvest.
Kinel grapes are quite resistant to cold, but many varieties suffer from winter shelter, which is not an easy procedure. First, the grapes are fed with minerals. It is produced in the last days of summer or at the very beginning of autumn. The composition of the fertilizer is selected based on the composition of the soil. Then in the fall the soil around the plants is loosened. After 2–3 weeks, it is necessary to water generously, filling the holes across the width.
When the atmospheric temperature begins to drop below zero, sheltering is carried out. To do this you need to do the following:
- dig a small ditch the width of the plants (its depth should be about 0.3 m);
- tie the sleeves with a rope and carefully place them in the ditch;
- pour soil (10 cm) on top, then a layer of humus (10 cm) and serve with another layer of soil (10 cm).
The covering material covers the vine between the trellis posts. Very convenient!
The peasant farm "Klimanov", better known in the Samara region as "Kinelsky grapes", grows and breeds grapes in industrial scale. This is the northernmost industrial vineyard in the country. In the Kinelsky district, about 140 varieties are represented on a plantation of 6 hectares. Of these, about 30–40 varieties are considered best for growing in garden plots.
Among the table varieties of this grape, about 10 of the best stand out. These are varieties such as Victor, Preobrazhenie, Libya, Jubilee of Novocherkassk, Millennium of Mordovia, Kodryanka, Arcadia. Of the technical varieties, this is Kinelsky-1. The largest variety is Preobrazhenie. The largest berries are from the varieties Victor, Yubilei Novocherkassk, and Monarch.
Kinel grapes - the best varieties
Table. Brief description of the best varieties.
| Name, photo | Short description |
|---|---|
| Old grape variety. Already tested by summer residents. Large-fruited grapes. Tolerates cool, humid summers well. Weather resistant. These grapes belong to table varieties. Ripens very early. Plants can reach both average and above average height. They have dense clusters in the shape of a conical cylinder, weighing up to 2 kg. Juicy fleshy berries of amber or white large ones ripen (up to 15 g), heart-shaped. The skin of the berries is quite dense and tolerates transportation well. Gives a high yield. The variety is resistant to cold temperatures down to -21°C. |
| This is a hybrid variety. Ripens early or very early (3.5 months). Grows intensively. Produces large pink clusters weighing up to 1 kg with large long berries up to 20 g. The taste is sweet and juicy. |
| Ripens early, within about 3.5 months. The bush develops quickly, forming many stepsons. The shape of the bunches is irregular or cone-shaped. The bunches reach 1.5 kg. Pink berries are long, large (up to 18 g), juicy and pleasant to the taste. The skin is not very thick. It does not tolerate frost well, so it is necessary to cover it. |
| Ripening dates are early (about 100 days). They have large clusters in the form of cylinders. The weight of the bunches can reach up to 1 kg. The pink berries are egg-shaped and weigh 13 g. They taste nutmeg, juicy and sweet. |
| The variety is hybrid, ripens early (4 months). The bush grows quickly, the flowers pollinate well. The cone-shaped clusters weigh up to 1.7 kg. Large berries Pink colour, elongated. The grapes are very tasty, sweet, juicy. Gives a good harvest. High resistance to fungus. |
| The variety is particularly resistant to diseases. Ripens early (about 100 days). Plants grow tall. Some bunches can reach 1.5 kg, and berries - 16 g. This is a dark variety with good taste. Gives a good harvest. |
| Fruits in late August. It is a hybrid variety. Large clusters with especially large berries, reaching up to 32 g. Berries yellow color with a reddish tint. They have a nutmeg aroma. The taste is pleasant. |
| A new variety, bred in Novocherkassk. The variety ripens quite early. The bush grows tall. Produces large clusters of enlarged pink berries with dense pulp. Pleasant to the taste. |
| Small clusters in the shape of a conical cylinder. They reach almost 100 g in weight. The greenish berries are small, juicy, with tough skin. The taste is nutmeg. |
Selection of planting material
Grape seedlings
On a note! The most important thing when growing grapes is to choose the right seedling.
The seedling must have normal leaf blades and a height of at least 50 cm from the beginning of the root system to the top, so that it can be deepened to a depth of 50 cm.
When to plant?
Grapes should be planted from May to October. All Kinel grapes have a closed root system. That is, you can take it out of the container, cut off the bottom of the container, and then plant the grapes to a depth of 50 cm so that the root system does not freeze.
Step-by-step instructions for planting Kinel grapes
It is recommended to plant in a container, as the plastic serves as a heat shield, reducing the risk of freezing of the root system. There should always be moisture around the roots, so crushed expanded clay is placed. Under the roots there is a litter layer fertile soil, and even lower - 10 cm of expanded clay. The hole can be dug or drilled with a 200 mm drill. This is enough and the plant is accepted.
- First you need to select a seedling no more than 0.5 m long.
- Then dig a hole in the ground 0.6 m wide and 0.7 m deep.
- Cover the bottom with 0.1 m of crushed expanded clay so that moisture is absorbed faster. Pour 0.1 m on top soil mixture(sand, humus, soil, wood ash).
- Plant a seedling on top and cover halfway with soil.
- During the summer, up to 4 branches (shoots) should appear on the plant.
- In the fall, it is necessary to add soil to the very top of the hole.
- The sleeves should grow horizontally above the ground, not upward.
- You need to ensure that the shoots grow parallel to the ground, so that later the grapes can be conveniently covered for the winter.
Video - Planting grapes
The figure shows a diagram of a two-plane trellis: 1 - polycarbonate roof; 2 - boards to which the reinforced film is attached; 3 - wire on which we will tie the vine during the season; 4 - young vines that grow from buds during the season; 5 — overwintered sleeves with buds; 6 - trellis posts, supports for forming and gartering a bush; 7 - attaching the plant to the wire on the trellis
Wasp control
It is produced in the spring using the drug “Adamant”. In spring, wasps wake up from hibernation. The queen is preparing to give birth to offspring, and the wasps are flying and looking for food for her. Bait is made from pieces of meat and fish and mixed with the drug “Adamant”, which is a poison that only affects insects. It is long lasting. The wasps feed the queen, and she dies.
Top dressing
For Kinel grapes, Italian fertilizers from the company Valagro are recommended. Both root and foliar fertilizers are used so that the roots receive everything they need, the leaves have good photosynthesis, the vine ripens, and a cutting can be obtained. The sleeves should be ripe brown, with grapes and buds. This shoot is already ready for winter and will make excellent seedlings.
Important! Grapes need potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. In this case, the fruits will be very beneficial for the human body.
The earliest time to feed is when the buds burst. At this time, nitrogen is given (content - 30%).
In June, more phosphorus is added, which gives energy to flowering. You should also give boron at this time (by the way, it should be given in May as well). In total, it is applied 3 times before flowering. This is done so that the pollen is not dry. Otherwise, it does not pollinate plants, no berries are formed or they are formed, but very small ones.
In the second half of summer there is no need to provide nitrogen. It is necessary to include potassium fertilizers in the fertilizing. This helps the wood itself become denser. Calcium is also used to help correct formation cells.
In autumn, potassium is increased. Processing is carried out after harvesting. To increase winter hardiness, boron, magnesium, calcium, and manganese are added in the fall.
Caring for grape seedlings
After planting the seedlings, it is especially important to properly care for the grapes. Regular procedures must be performed to obtain strong shoots. Care includes painstaking soil treatment, proper watering, loosening and fertilizing, protection from diseases and pests, as well as covering plants for the winter.
Young plants in the first 12 months after planting are very demanding to care for. If everything is done correctly during this period, then in the future Kinel grapes will delight you with good harvests from year to year.
The main thing you should focus your efforts on is the formation of strong shoots. It is better to strive to develop one viable and strong arm than to try to support the growth of several weaker arms. They may not bear fruit. It is also very important to prune bushes. It is performed in the spring. At the same time, excess shoots are cut off and the root system is freed.
Grape bushes do not require a lot of moisture when watering. It is necessary to stop the procedure at the moment when moisture ceases to be absorbed into the soil. Drying out of the soil around plants can be prevented by covering it with a layer of sawdust or film. It is advisable to add mineral fertilizers to water for irrigation in summer. In this case, they should be selected taking into account the composition of the soil. Acidic fertilizer is chosen for application to alkaline soil. In this case, neutral fertilizers are also suitable.
Important! Another important event is the proper construction of a grape shelter during the cold season. This will help him survive the frosts, preserving the future high harvest.
Kinel grapes are quite resistant to cold, but many varieties need winter shelter, which is a difficult procedure. First, the grapes are fed with minerals. It is produced in the last days of summer or at the very beginning of autumn. The composition of the fertilizer is selected based on the composition of the soil. Then in the fall the soil around the plants is loosened. After 2–3 weeks, it is necessary to water generously, filling the holes across the width.
When the air temperature begins to drop below zero, sheltering is done. To do this you need to do the following:
- dig a small ditch the width of the plants (its depth should be about 0.3 m);
- tie the sleeves with a rope and carefully place them in the ditch;
- pour soil (10 cm) on top, then a layer of humus (10 cm) and cover with another layer of soil (10 cm).
Video – Kinel grapes
The rich variety of grape varieties is pleasing to the eye. A simple person filling a basket with fruit knows that this berry is one of the healthiest and most delicious. Thanks to the content of flavonoids, grapes are a powerful natural antioxidant, and can rightfully be called the berry of life, the bunch of youth.
A full range of vitamins and minerals, essential fiber and proteins for humans make grapes a “nutritious” dish. This fruit can replace a full dinner and will have a positive effect on health, well-being and figure.
Grape varieties are divided into main types:
Gardeners and winegrowers, when choosing a variety, focus not only on taste characteristics and beneficial features, as well as on ripening time, resistance to cold and disease. For businessmen focusing on the agricultural industry, modern, high-quality, selective types of crops are preferred.
Paradise grapes - Effect variety
The effect is a new grape variety obtained as a result of the successful crossing of two original parent varieties Talisman and XVII-10-26 (early reddish muscat).
Effect (Kinel grapes) is one of the modern breeding forms of the plant, characterized by important characteristics for the manufacturer:
In Kinel with good weather conditions The effect is already evident in July. Even when not fully ripe, it has a pleasant taste. If the bunches remain in the vineyards until the end of September, they become dark with an extremely high sugar content.
History of the Effect and its notable features
The famous breeder Evgeniy Georgievich Pavlovsky has long become famous among gardeners interested in viticulture. The scientist breeder has dozens of well-known varieties bred experimentally. Among them, Rochefort, Monarch, Super Extra and many others enjoy undoubted success. Among the new promising forms, the Effect variety stands out, having already won its place in the sun.
Despite the fact that the new variety is still in the process of improvement and has not entered the world market, it has already become famous in the circles of gardeners and winemakers and has aroused great interest.
The main advantage of the variety is its adaptability to the climate of northern latitudes, it easily takes root in new lands, and is also popular in the southern regions. The second name of the variety is Kinelsky early. Distinctive features hybrid forms of grapes were bred experimentally:
In conclusion, a detailed video review of the variety Effect, Kinelsky early. The owner of the nursery, gardener Dmitry Reznikov, will clearly show and talk about grapes.
If I were asked to name the best table grape varieties for Moscow and the Moscow region, I wouldn’t think much. The climate is harsh, sometimes unpredictable, summers are warm, winters are cold, the shorter the grapes' ripening time, the stronger the plant's immunity, the better. Choose any seedlings with a ripening period of 95-120 days, you can’t go wrong.
If you run a dacha farm in the north-west of the Moscow region, then clench your will and forget about everything that takes longer than 115 days to mature.
Muscovites often complain to me: they planted different varieties, but they were unsuccessful - they were sour, tasteless, and they gave the best recommendations. If you ask for names, the varieties are really excellent! But the ripening time is 130-140 days. You still have to wait a couple of weeks for it to ripen, and then it snows - your schedules didn’t coincide, hence the disappointment.
Just a couple of years ago, when we came to exhibitions in Moscow, we were surprised by the modesty of Muscovites’ requests. Do you have Isabella? - they asked us. The varieties Aleshenkin, Rusbol, Korinka were very popular. Old varieties, some people have a sincere love for them, but, as they say, you can do more!
Now we are increasingly meeting with winegrowers who have extensive experience growing grapes in the Moscow region, and, with excellent results. At one of the exhibitions we met a colleague who grows grapes in the north-west of the Moscow region, on peat bogs, about 50 varieties! We would immediately advise against buying some of the listed varieties; they are risky, but with him everything grows and everything bears fruit.
Of course, I had to use various tricks and tricks: some of the plants are planted in greenhouses, some in insulated slides, something grows in open ground. But the fact is that Muscovites and residents of the region have much more choice than they imagine. Conclusion, be bold, study successful experiences and everything will work out for you.
And now the first 5 best. Of course, “five” is in quotation marks, because it’s a shame to limit yourself to just five varieties. But, let’s just say, this is a selection of varieties that you can plant and, without thinking about anything, they will not let you down.
Opens our hit parade Victor. Or Viktor . In our nursery we don’t worry about stress; grapes respond to both options.
What interests you about him? Ripening time is 95-105 days. In mid-August, if the weather does not play hostile tricks, you will already enjoy its harvest. The berries are large, if not huge. Normally, their weight is 9-14 g, in some cases up to 20 g. B Victor Everything is pleasant - the color, the taste, and the fatness of the large, rich bunches. The weight of one is from 500 g to a kilogram. This is not little Isabella. The taste is wonderful, the fruit pulp is juicy, dense, your mouth is happy! Wasps to Victor they have no special complaints, so the berries, if you have a weak appetite, can hang until October without any special external transformations. Even if they are slightly frostbitten, it will not cause them significant damage. But, I hope, you not only admire grapes, but gobble them up on both cheeks, which is why you are so deeply concerned Victor there is no threat, it will be eaten before October.
The second variety, which is in constant demand in the vicinity of Moscow, is Super Extra . The ripening time is the same as Victor’s - very early, but I don’t recommend leaving the berries on the vine for a long time, they will quickly lose their shape. But that's not scary. At this time it’s time to feast on your grapes, with Super Extras and start. Its taste is simple, in the eyes of gourmets, but for me it’s wonderful. Just right for the opening of the season. What else captivates Super Extra – extraordinary inner strength. Last year, at my dacha, in the foster care facility, there were two seedlings hanging in a container, two-year-olds. In our nursery, it is customary to leave ovaries on seedlings so that the buyer himself can remove them. This is such an internal ritual - the client sees that everything is in order with the seedling (someone needs more greenery and berries right away), and then he personally picks off an inflorescence or an already formed bunch so that the seedling has enough strength to survive the winter. My seedlings had just such clusters, by mid-August they were ripe, and I ate them - why would they hang? Very tasty! The color of the SE fruits is white with green; in the sun they are filled with a soft, pleasant glow. The berries are large, ovoid, they remind me of Arcadia berries in some way, so I always confuse their photos if I forget to write captions for them.
Baikonur - My love. My weakness and my dream. An ideal variety (or rather a hybrid) in all respects - taste, color, optimal for the northern regions in terms of physical characteristics. It is noted that in the “norths” Baikonur showed itself even better than in southern latitudes. I have already kept seedlings for myself several times, but I succumbed to the persuasion of buyers, gave up and gave them away, with the thought: well, I’ll get some more for myself. And then... we ran out of them. This year I won’t save it, I’ll definitely plant it. It's unbearable! Last season I did photo sessions with Baikonur starting from the moment when his barrels just began to turn pink. And I enjoyed coloring it and getting into shape until late autumn. The bush in the nursery is young, there are still few clusters, and the berries are not very large.
Rarely is a variety capable of causing such delight. I have one secret favorite, no two, when I try them I cry with tears of tenderness, Baikonur added to my list of very, very, very favorite varieties.
The color of the berries is violet-red, some with a dark blue, almost asphalt, black tint, in a beautiful prune. They remain on the vine for a very long time, the clusters are large, 500-1000 g. The shoots ripen well, there will be no problems with wintering. But the most important thing, of course, is the taste. It is difficult, almost impossible to describe. Sweet, juicy, very light unobtrusive nutmeg tone. You will fall in love with him, that's for sure!
Long awaited - another hybrid that I would like to recommend to residents of Moscow and the Moscow region, and other adjacent territories. Its ripening period is a little later, but that’s good. I don’t like it when all the berry growers at the dacha have shot themselves and sit, be bored, and wait for the next season. Long awaited will harmoniously prolong the pleasure of grapes. In terms of timing, it fits perfectly into the Moscow grape ranks and has one nice nuance. Stone in berries Long awaited poorly expressed, often practically not felt, rudimentary. Some seedling sellers even include Long awaited to the list of raisins in your catalog. The grapes have a very beautiful, elongated, large bunch, elongated, large berries of a pleasant amber color, which shine through in the sun, becoming almost amber..
Another variety that should definitely be included in your grape collection is Kishmish 342 . I myself am not a big fan of raisins, I don’t understand why you should chase seedless grapes, simply because you’re too lazy to spit them out. By the way, I don’t do this with the seeds; they contain the most useful substances found in grapes (including the ridge, but somehow I don’t want to eat it). Most main criterion The delicious thing about grapes is when you can’t tell whether they have seeds or not, but they do. But
