Copper cable installation technology. Brief characteristics of methods of installation of cables of local communication networks Technology of laying copper communication cables

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Figure 11.16 - General view of the UY-2 connector

Figure 11.17 - Splicing cores using single-core connectors

Figure 11.46 - Stripping the ends of the KSPPB cable with a spiral overlay shield

Figure 11.47 - Twisting of cores of cable KSPP (KSPPB)

Figure 11.48 - Fitting the MT-36 coupling for splice

Figure 11.49 - General view of the splice

Figure 11.50 - Installing the coupling and immersing the splice into it

Figure 11.51 - Installation of the KSPPB cable in the 2MTO-36 coupling

Figure 11.52 - Installation of KSPP cables using materials for "cold" sealing of the company "ZM"

Figure 11.53 - Cold mounting of the bushing on KSPP cables using the MPP 0.5-1x4 coupling kit

The junction of the cable installation is called a sleeve. The insertion of the cable into the terminal devices is called charging. The following requirements are imposed on the cable spikes: The ohmic resistance of the conductors must not increase. The soldering point should not be too thick compared to the cable diameter.

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LECTURE 11, 12, 13. INSTALLATION OF COMMUNICATION CABLES

General requirements to the installation of communication cables.

Separate building lengths, sections, spans of laid cables are spliced, connected in one line and included in the terminal devices. The place of connection (installation) of the cable is called a sleeve. The insertion of the cable into the terminal devices is called charging.

Installation is a responsible job in the construction of cable structures. High quality of installation ensures reliable operation of the cable line.

The following requirements are imposed on cable spikes:

The ohmic resistance of the conductors should not increase.
The insulation resistance must not drop.
Couples and twigs must be preserved. It is not allowed to split pairs and mix them up.
In the place of the splice, a reliable mechanical strength connections.
Screen continuity (if any) must be restored.
The casing seal must be strong and airtight.
The soldering point should not be too thick compared to the cable diameter.

When splicing cables, you must:

Splice the cores together in the same order in which they are in the corresponding twists of the cable.
Connect the control groups of one end of the cable to the control groups of the other.
Connect conductors with insulation of the same color to each other.

Before and after installation, the quality of the cable is monitored. The finally assembled line is subjected to control electrical measurements.

Mounting materials, tools and accessories.

Checking cables before installation.

Installation of city telephone cables.

Stripping cable ends for installation

The ends of the cable are laid in the well and fixed on the consoles so that the end of one cable overlaps the end of the other for the required length, which is determined by the cable capacity and the diameter of the cores.

In the place where the cable sheaths are removed, ring cuts are made. After making an incision in the sheath, the TG cable of small capacity is slightly bent 2-3 times, from which the lead sheath breaks along the notch and easily pulls off the cable. The cable sheath with a capacity of 300 pairs or more is removed using one or two longitudinal cuts.

After removing the lead sheath from the ends of the cable, the conductors at the edge of the lead sheath are tied with a calico tape or threads, which protects the insulation of the cable conductors from damage against the edges of the sheath, after which the belt insulation is removed.

When cutting polyethylene casings, it is not allowed to tighten the casing. To remove it, it is enough to make one or two longitudinal cuts. Removal of the polyethylene sheath is greatly facilitated if it is preheated. The belt insulation, screen tapes, and screen wire are retained by gently rolling into rolls and tied to the edge of the sheath.

A sleeve or part of it is pushed onto the prepared ends. Then the pairs of each layer are divided into two parts, gently folded back and attached to the shell. In bunched cables, each bundle is folded back and attached to the sheath.

Splicing cable cores

The veins are connected in pairs, color in color, twisting in a twist or a bundle in a bundle, the control pairs of each bundle (bundle) are connected to the control pairs of another bundle (bundle). The damaged pairs are connected last.

The connection of the veins starts from the bottom of the upper strand. After connecting the pairs of the lower bundle, the lower pairs of the next bundle are spliced, etc. Then the pairs of the central layer are spliced and then the upper half in the order they follow from the center.

Splicing a pair of cores with paper insulation is performed as follows. Preliminarily, paper or polyethylene sleeves are put on both cores. The veins are connected by twisting with a capture of two or three turns of paper insulation. Then, insulation is removed from each core and twisted together to a length of 12-15 mm, and at the beginning the twisting becomes weaker, and at the end - denser. As soon as the strands are twisted to the desired length, the excess strands are bite off and the strand is bent tightly against the vein. In place of the twists, paper sleeves are pushed, after which the pair is tied on both sides with threads.

Further connection occurs in the same order, only twists and paper sleeves must be staggered along the entire length of the coupling.

The conductors of GTS cables with polyethylene insulation are spliced in the same way using polyethylene sleeves.

The conductors of cables with polyethylene insulation can be twisted using the PSZh-4 device or connected by individual or multi-pair compressible type connectors. With these methods, it is not necessary to strip the insulation from the wires to be connected.

After the end of the splicing of all the cores insulated with paper (T cables), the splice is dried with hot air from blowtorch or a gas burner (using a metal casing). Do not dry out plastic insulation, as it is not heat-resistant and non-hygroscopic. Then the waist insulation is restored. The splice is wrapped with two to three layers of paper or calico tape (cables T) or plastic tape(TP cables). In addition, the electrical integrity of the shield must be restored. To do this, the splice is wrapped with saved screen tapes, which are connected into a “lock”. The screen wire is connected by twisting at a length of 15-20 mm.

Installation of intercity symmetric communication cables.

BALANCED CABLE CORE INSTALLATION

Before cutting the ends of the cable, the tightness and insulation resistance of the hose insulating covers of the spliced cable sections are checked. Then an electrical check of the cable core is carried out; the ends of the spliced cables are laid on the mounting trestles, fixed and cut to the specified dimensions. Near the edge of the jute (outer hose), the armor is cleaned to a shine and tinned by one third of the circumference by grabbing both tapes. A copper wire bandage is applied to the tinned places, the ends of which are not cut off, since they are used for soldering the armor of spliced cables, and in cables - without insulating covers and with a sheath (sleeve). The bandage is soldered to the armor. Circular cuts are made according to the sheath cut marks and from them to the cable ends - two longitudinal cuts with a distance of 5-6 mm between them. The cut strip of the lead sheath is removed with pliers (Figure 11.1), the sheath is pushed apart and removed. The stripping of the cable ends before installation is shown in Fig. 11.2. Before installation, the cylindrical sleeve is pushed onto one of the ends of the cable. Fours and pairs are split in twigs. The splicing of the veins starts from the central twine. Splicing technology and splice insulation are shown in Fig. 11.3. In multi-quadruple cables, the twisting points of adjacent quadruples are shifted relative to each other so that they are distributed evenly along the entire length of the splice. Soldering of the strand of conductors is carried out in a tin-lead cup solder of the POS type.

After drying over the flame of a blowtorch (especially cables with paper-insulated cores), the splice is wrapped with two layers of cable paper, between which the passport for the mounted sleeve is placed (Fig.11.4).

Rice. 11.1. Lead sheath removal

Rice. 11.2. Cutting the ends of the cable before installing the sleeve:

1 - jute; 2 - wire bandage; 3 - armor; 4 - shell; 5 - thread bandage; 6 - veins; 7 - pr about water for soldering armor and shells; 8 - soldering the band

Rice. 11.3. Splicing of cores of intercity cable

Splicing of conductors of GTS cables is carried out either by twisting or by compressible connectors. Hot wire soldering is usually used. In fig. 11.5 shows the splicing of cores by the twisting method.Many varieties of compressible connectors are known, but greatest use finds a multi-pair connector. Figure 11.6 shows a 20 core cable connector. The contacting of the spliced cores is ensured by squeezing the connectors using press technology. In this case, the insulation of the conductors is cut through at the points of the contacts and a reliable electrical connection of all conductors occurs simultaneously. The advantages of such connectors are good and stable contact resistance and reliable core insulation. Multi-pair connectors are especially effective when installing large communication cables (over 500X2).

Rice. 11.4. Splicing before sealing the lead sleeve

Rice. 11.5. Splicing of cores of cable GTS

Rice. 11.6. Ten-pin connector for GTS cables

Features of the installation of cables with aluminum conductors consist in welding the ends of the twisted conductors on the flame of a blowtorch or a gas torch using a special flux, for example, F-54A flux at an operating melting temperature of 200 ° C. The connection of aluminum conductors with copper ones is carried out using a copper-aluminum insert, which is a piece of aluminum wire coated at one end with a layer of copper

INSTALLATION OF COAXIAL CABLES

The features of the installation of coaxial cables are reduced to the methods of splicing coaxial pairs, which, unlike symmetrical ones, require special care when laying out and installing, excluding metal filings from entering the splice, the formation of dents, pinches and other deformations leading to a violation of electrical characteristics.

The pairs are spliced directly, that is, the first with the first, the second with the second, etc. For ease of installation, symmetrical quadruples and pairs are bent to the side, and spacer discs are installed between the coaxial pairs.

Coaxial pairs are cut according to a template (Fig. 11.7). Three to four polyethylene washers are removed from each pair using a heated special fork. Instead of them, heat-resistant fluoroplastic washers are installed, which protect the coaxial pairs from deformation during subsequent installation processes (soldering, crimping).

Rice. 11.7. Installation of coaxial pair type 2.6 / 9.5: o) splicing of the inner conductor; b) splicing the outer conductor; screen recovery; c) splice

The inner conductor is spliced with a slotted copper sleeve, and the outer conductor and shield are spliced with copper and steel split couplings, the necks of which are crimped with rings. The joint is insulated with a polyethylene sleeve. Then symmetrical quadruples are spliced. After the repair of symmetrical quadruples, the splice is wrapped with three to four layers of cable paper or glass tape, between which a passport is placed. Sealing of a lead sleeve, installation and pouring of a cast-iron sleeve are carried out in the same way as for symmetrical cables.

For the installation of small-sized coaxial pairs of type 1.2 / 4.6, special tools and parts are used, mainly similar to those used on pairs of type 2.6 / 9.5. The peculiarity of the installation of pairs of type 1,2 / 4,6 is that after cutting the coaxial pairs, a brass support sleeve (Fig.11.8) is pushed onto each of them, fastening the ends of the screen tapes and creating support for copper and steel backup couplings when they are crimped in the process of splicing the outer conductor and shield tapes

Rice. 11.8. Cutting a small-sized coaxial cable type 1,2 / 4,6 (one coaxial and one symmetrical pair are shown): / - sheath; 2 - isolation of a coaxial pair; 3 - screen; 4 - support sleeve; 5 - outer conductor; 6 - polyethylene insulation; 7 - inner conductor; S - symmetrical pair

In addition, to create support under the outer conductors in the places where they are cut, plastic tubes are pushed onto the inner conductors until they stop in the clamping of the balloon insulation.

Installation of coaxial pairs of a combined cable is carried out with tools and parts used for cables KMB-4 and MKTSB-4. For the convenience of cutting and splicing coaxial pairs 2.6 / 9.5, a spacer cone with a through longitudinal hole is used, through which a layer of small coaxial pairs is passed. After cutting the 2.6 / 9.5 pairs and removing the spacer cone, the 1.2 / 4.6 pairs and single cores are removed from the inner layer into the intervals between the 2.6 / 9.5 pairs and temporarily bent around. First, pairs 2.6 / 9.5 are spliced, then pairs 1.2 / 4.6 and, lastly, symmetrical elements. For installation, a lead sleeve with cut-off cones is used.

SEALING THE LEAD COUPLING AND FILLING THE BOILER

The lead sleeve is pushed onto the splice and with the help of hammer its edges are formed in the form of cones, tightly fitting to the cable sheath. When using a split sleeve, the edges of the longitudinal seam are positioned one above the other, with the lead overlapping from top to bottom so that the solder does not get into the sleeve. For sealing the coupling, POS-type solder is used.

Solders are marked depending on the percentage of tin in them, for example, POS-30 (30% tin), POS-40 (40%), etc. In addition, the grade of the solder indicates the content of antimony in it, for example POSSu-40- 0.5 (i.e. antimony 0.5%). In fig. 11.9 shows a diagram of the state of a tin-lead alloy depending on the ratio of components and temperature. When the content of tin is less than 16%, the POS is coarse-grained and the adhesion turns out to be fragile. The strongest and finest-grained lead adhesion is obtained at 29-31% tin (POS-30). (When soldering the conductive elements of the cable, solder of the POS-40 and POS-61 brands is used.)

When soldering lead couplings, the temperature of the solder should be close to the melting point of the lead to achieve the best molecular bonding. But since in this case POS-30 is very liquid (see Fig. 11.9), it is necessary to tin the soldered surfaces at a temperature of about 250-260 ° C, and then, gradually lowering the temperature, give the solder required form... This is achieved relatively easily, since the range of the plastic state of POS-30 is 73 ° C (256-183 ° C).

The coupling is sealed in the following way: the places to be soldered are heated with the flame of a blowtorch (gas burner) and wiped with stearin; over the place of the solder, the solder bar is heated (at the same time the place of the solder is heated) until it softens, applying it to the future seam. After sealing, the tightness of the seams is checked by pumping the coupling with air (through a valve soldered into it) and covering the seam with soapy foam. After checking, the valve is removed and the hole is sealed.

% tin O

% lead 100

Rice. 11.9. State diagram of tin-lead alloys

Rice. 11.10. Soldering of armor and cable sheaths

On cables without insulating covers, the ends of the copper wires from the bands on the armor are twisted together and soldered to the sleeve (Figure 11.10). When installing couplings with insulating covers in order to control their condition during operation, the armor is not soldered with the coupling: the end of the output conductor is soldered to the coupling, the insulating cover is restored, on top of which the conductors from the bands are laid and soldered together.

Rice. 11.11. Cast iron coupling

The cast iron coupling (Fig. 11.11) is designed to protect the lead coupling from mechanical damage, as well as from soil corrosion. Before installing the coupling, a resin tape is wound on the cable so that it lies snugly in the necks of the cast iron coupling. Then the sleeve is poured heated to 130-140 ° C and cooled to the required temperature (depending on the type of cable and permissible temperature heating it) with a bitumen mass through the hatch in the upper half of the coupling. Then the hatch is closed, and all bolts, nuts and cable exit points from the coupling are filled with the same mass.

Before backfilling the pit, the location of the measuring column is fixed, which is usually installed against the middle of the sleeve of cable No. 1 at a distance of 10 cm from the axis of the route towards the field.

In places where the measuring post cannot be installed (for example, on city streets, etc.), before backfilling the pit, it is necessary to fix the location of the couplings in the pit, drawing the distances to permanent landmarks on the sketch drawing. Then the pit is filled up to about half the depth, a measuring column is installed and the previously excavated soil is placed in the pit

INSTALLATION OF CABLES IN AN ALUMINUM SHEATH

Compared to cables in sheathing made of other materials and especially of lead, cables in an aluminum sheath have a number of significant advantages: shielding properties improve, mechanical strength increases, weight decreases, cost decreases, etc. The disadvantages of aluminum shells include their low corrosion resistance and installation complexity.

Splicing of aluminum shells can be carried out by the following main methods: hot soldering, gluing and pressing.

Hot soldering a layer of zinc-tin solder (ZSP) is applied to the aluminum shell at the points of articulation with the lead sleeve, and on top of it a layer of tin-lead solder (POS). This process is called tinning. Then the lead sleeve is soldered to the tinned casing using a POS the usual way.

The combination of different metals (aluminum, lead, tin, zinc, etc.) with this installation method often leads to corrosion, destruction of the solder and depressurization of couplings, which complicates the maintenance of the cable under excessive pressure. Given these disadvantages, the hot-soldering method has received limited application.

Feature of the glue method consists in the fact that the cut-off cones of the lead sleeve are connected to the aluminum shell with glue by hand crimping (Fig. 11.12). Then, after mounting the core, the lead cylinder of the coupling is soldered to the lead cones in the usual way (Figure 11.13).

Rice. 11.12. Hand crimp for glue method

Rice. 11.13. Installation of cables in an aluminum sheath using the adhesive method:

1 - cable sheath; 2 - glue seam; 3 - lead cone; 4 - place of soldering; 5 - soldering the casing with the sleeve; 6 - lead cylinder; 7 - core splice

By crimping method(Fig. 11.14) The splicing of the ends of the aluminum sleeve-tube with the aluminum sheath of the cable is carried out by crimping. Before pressing, the ends of the casing are expanded using a special device to approximately the diameter of the aluminum sleeve. To protect the cable core from deformation during the crimping process and create the necessary support, steel support bushings are introduced under the expanded part of the sheath. The contacting surfaces of the sheath and tube are thoroughly cleaned.

Crimping is carried out using a manual hydraulic press and special punches and dies that provide a mechanically strong, tight connection.

Rice. 11.14. Installation of a cable in an aluminum sheath by crimping:

1 - hose; 2 - shell; 3 - place of pressing; 4 - support sleeve; 5 — aluminum tube; 6 - core splice

INSTALLATION OF CABLES IN STEEL SHEATHING

For installation, a conventional lead coupling is used, the soldering of which is performed after preliminary tinning of the steel shell with a special paste of the PMKN-40 brand.

The installation technology boils down to the following: after removing the hose along the top of the corrugation, make a circular cut in the shell with a file, carefully clean it with a brush, wipe it with a cloth soaked in gasoline, dry it, protect the end of the hose with two or three layers of glass tape; a layer of paste with a thickness of 0.5 - 1 mm is applied to the cleaned surface of the shell, heated evenly with a blowtorch until the paste ignites and its color changes to brown, carefully remove the slag from the surface and the tinning process. The installation of the cable core and the sealing of the lead sleeve are carried out in the usual way.

Restoration of INSULATING COATS

To protect the bare aluminum or steel shell and the mounted sleeve from corrosion, regardless of the method of shell splicing, the insulating cover is restored. Restoration is carried out hot or cold, as well as using heat-shrinkable tubes. The hot method involves the application of several layers of a moisture-repellent sticky polyisobutylene compound (LPK) to the bare sheath, alternating with the winding of polyethylene tapes;

The cold method differs from the hot one in that after application to the LPK splicing, instead of a plastic sleeve, several layers of heated bitumen-rubber mastic (MBR) are applied to it, alternating with winding with plastic tapes and protected by a layer of glass tape. Methods for splicing plastic hose covers using plastic sleeves or heat shrink tubing are outlined in the next paragraph.

INSTALLATION OF CABLES IN PLASTIC SHEATHES

Polyethylene casings are restored:

welding of parts of a polyethylene sleeve with a cable sheath by winding the welding spot with several layers of polyethylene tape and fiberglass; through which the welded surfaces are heated to a viscous-flow state by an open flame of a blowtorch (burner), forming a monolithic connection;

crimping the splice of the cable core with the capture of the sheath by low-molecular-weight polyethylene heated to a viscous-flow state (Fig. 11.15);

welding parts of a polyethylene sleeve with a shell using an electric spiral placed between the surfaces to be welded (electric heating method);

multilayer winding of the core splice with the grip of the shell, coated with polyisobutylene compound, i.e., by the cold method.

Currently the most progressive and in a technological way restoration of insulating covers of cables with metal sheaths and splicing of cables in plastic sheaths is the use of heat-shrinkable tubes made of thermoplastic materials (polyethylene, polypropylene) and subjected to radiation vulcanization (irradiation with γ- and β-rays). If a tube made of such a material is heated and stretched, and then cooled in an expanded state, then the shape given to the part will appear as if “frozen”.

Rice. 11.15. Crimping the splice with molten polyethylene:

1 - manual press; 2 - molten polyethylene; 3 - mold; 4 - splice; 5 - cable

Rice. 11.16. Heat-shrinkable tube: a) in the initial position; b) after heating; 1 - cable; 2 - tube

If such a tube is pushed onto the cable splice and heated to a temperature higher than that at which the expansion (inflation) was performed, the tube shrinks, taking on its original state, and tightly compresses the splice (Fig. 11.16).

To increase the tightness and strength of the joint, an adhesive layer is applied to the inner surface of the tube, which softens during heating, filling the gaps between the tube and the cable. The tube is supplied to the consumer in an expanded state with "elastic shape memory", the radial shrinkage is at least 50% of the inflated state.

For splicing cables with dissimilar sheaths - metal with plastic. For this purpose, metal-plastic pipes (TMP) are used, consisting of steel pipes, on the outer surface of which a layer of polyethylene is applied by hot spraying (Figure 11.17).

During installation, the metal sheath of the cable using a lead cone is soldered to the steel tube, and the polyethylene sheath is welded to the polyethylene layer of the TMP tube using a polyethylene sleeve.

Rice. 11.17. Metal-plastic tube:

1 - polyethylene layer; 2 - steel tube; 3- epoxy compound; 4 - place of soldering; 5 - lead cone

FEATURES OF INSTALLATION OF OPTICAL CABLES

Installation of optical cables is the most critical operation that determines the quality and range of communication over optical cable lines. The connection of fibers and the installation of cables is carried out both during the production process and during the construction and operation of cable lines.

Installation OK is subdivided into permanent (stationary) and temporary (detachable). Permanent installation is carried out on fixed cable lines laid for a long time, and temporary - on mobile lines, where you have to repeatedly connect and disconnect the building lengths of cables.

An optical fiber connector, as a rule, is an armature designed for aligning and fixing the fibers to be connected, as well as mechanical protection of the splice. The main requirements for the connector are simplicity of design, low transient losses, resistance to external mechanical and climatic influences, reliability. In addition to detachable connectors, requirements are imposed on the stability of the parameters during multiple docking.

Rice. 11.18. Spliced Fibers Offset: a) radial displacement; b) angular; c) axial

The main task of connecting single optical fibers is to ensure their strict alignment, identity of the geometry of the ends, the perpendicularity of the surfaces of the latter to the optical axes of the fibers and a high degree of smoothness of the ends. An important requirement is also a high stability of the state of the optical contact and low losses introduced by the splice. In fig. 7.81 shows the main possible displacement defects of optical fibers (radial, angular and axial displacement). The most stringent requirements are for radial b and angular 0 displacement. The presence of a gap s between the ends of the fibers has less effect on the amount of loss.

CONNECTING OPTICAL FIBERS

The most common ways of connecting optical fibers (OF) are:

Application of connecting tubes;

Detachable connectors;

Mechanical splices;

electric welding and the use of metal tips.

Recently, electric arc welding has become firmly established for fixed installation of optical cables, and for detachable reusable installation - detachable connectors.

Let's consider some typical ways of connecting optical fibers.

Application of connecting pipesIs one of the most common ways to permanently connect fibers. It consists in the use of precision sleeves or tubes, which, when manufactured exactly to the outer diameter of the optical fiber, position and fix it in the required position. The tubes are most often made of glass. The tapered ends of the tubes facilitate the insertion of the optical fiber. The design of one of these connections is shown in Fig. 11.19. The connector consists of a hollow glass sleeve / with a hole for filling immersion liquid 2, which simultaneously serves to match the refractive indices of the fibers to be connected 3 and 4. The splice introduces an attenuation of about 0.3-0.4 dB.

Detachable connectorreusable, intended for connecting optical fibers, is shown in Fig. 11.20. The pre-prepared ends of the optical fibers are inserted into the socket and the male part of the connector. When performing the splicing operation, the ends of the optical fibers are tightly connected to each other. Outside there is a sealed plug-kera housing.

Most characteristic designmechanical spliceis shown in Fig. 11.21. Connected fibers in the splice 1, 2 inserted into a plastic sleeve 3 and the free space is filled with immersion liquid 4. providing a bonding and immersion effect (reduction of losses due to reflection from the ends). Outside, the splice is hermetically sealed and mechanically protected by half-couplings 5, 6.

Electric welding produced using an electric arc or laser by heating the ends of the spliced optical fibers. The process of splicing the OF consists of the following operations (Figure 11.22, a):

Alignment of the coaxiality of the location of the OF ends, placed at a distance of several millimeters from each other;

Preliminary flashing of the OF ends with an electric arc;

Tight pressing of the ends of the optical fiber to each other, which are in a continuous arc discharge;

The final stage of splicing

Rice. 11.20. Installation with connecting pipes:

1 - glass tube; 2 - impersive fluid 3 and 4 - spliced fibers

Rice. 11.21. Detachable connection: a) socket; B) pin

1 - fiber; 2 — fiber coating; 3 - connector housing

Rice. 11.22. Mechanical splice: 1 and 2 fibers; 3 - plastic tube; 4, 5 - half couplings

Rice. 11.23. Electric arc welding of fibers: a) splicing process; b) welding device;

1, 2, 3, 4 - splice stages; 5 and 6 - fibers; 7 — device; 8 - microscope

The welding device is an easily portable device (Fig. 11.23, b) with overall dimensions 20X30X15 cm. Outside there is a microscope for alignment and visual observation of the welding process.

This method of fiber splicing makes it possible to obtain a connection with losses of the order of 0.1–0.3 dB and a breaking strength of at least 70% of the whole fiber. It is easy to implement in the field, since it does not require pretreatment of the end surfaces before splicing.

At the end of each optical fiber is mountedmetal on end (Fig. 11.24, a).

Rice. 11.24. Splicing with metal tips: a) tip; b) fiber splicing;

1 - tip; 2 - hole for pouring epoxy resin; 3 - fiberglass; 4 - capillary; 5 - bushing; 6 - washers

For this, a protective coating is removed from the end of the fiber at a distance of 44 mm. Then put on the tip 1 so that the fiberglass 3 protrudes from it by about 15-20 mm. A capillary is put on the protruding end of the OB 4 (glass tube with a hole) 10 mm long. The capillary is inserted into the tip so that the end of the capillary protrudes 1–2 mm. A layer of epoxy is applied to the fiberglass and capillary 2. Epoxy is also poured into the holes in the tip. Then the end face of the OB is ground on a glass plate using an abrasive powder and polished on a polishing wheel.

The connection of optical fibers is made using a sleeve 5 and split washers 6 (Figure 11.24, b). The bushing and washers have grooves, with the help of which the spliced OFs are tightly joined.

OPTICAL CABLE INSTALLATION METHODS

When installing an optical cable OK, in general, it is necessary to ensure a high moisture resistance of the splice, reliable mechanical characteristics for breaking and crushing, and the suitability of the splice for a long stay in the ground.

Currently, various methods of mounting OK have been developed. Let's consider the most typical of them.

Frame installation.For the installation of an optical cable, a metal frame is used with the number of longitudinal rods equal to the number of spliced fibers (Fig. 7. 87, a). Optical fibers are spliced using one of the above methods. Fiber splices are placed on ebonite plates and fastened so that the spliced does not experience longitudinal impact on rupture (Fig. 11.25.6). On top of the frame, several layers of polyethylene tape are applied, and then a heat-shrinkable sleeve with an adhesive layer is put on (Figure 11.25, c). The advantage of the coupling is the tight compression of the splice cones.

Installation of flat optical cables.Installation of cables made in the form of multi-fiber flat tapes with a common plastic coating is carried out as follows. The fibers at the end of the tape are stripped 1 cm apart and the tape is placed in a matrix as shown in Fig. 11.26, a. The ends of the fibers are laid in a section having precision grooves and a plastic material is poured into the matrix. Fibers embedded in plastic are kept in the matrix until it hardens and then broken by bending and stretching. The hardened plastic fixes the fibers at the end of the tape. The ends of the two tapes are laid in the template (Figure 11.26, b), and epoxy compound is poured into the gap between the ends for fastening the tapes to each otherwith the correspondingrefractive index. The mold is detachable and made ofbrass. According to the test results, the loss in such connectors is no more than 0.2 dB.

Rice. 11.25. Frame installation: a) frame for six splices; b) fastening spliced fibers; c) cable box;

1 - frame; 2 - fibers; 3 - aggregates; 4 - protective shell

Rice. 11.26. Installation of flat cables installation process; b ") clutch;

1 - precision grooves; 2- template; 3 - fiber tape; 4 - splice

Applying a shaped connector.

A connector designed for multi-fiber cables and does not require the operations of grinding, polishing and gluing fibers, shown in Fig. 11.27.

Rice. 11.27. Figured connector: 1 - fiber; 2 - elastic plastic; 3 - frame

Each fiberglass 1 securely held in the space formed by three cylindrical surfaces 2, made of flexible plastic. These surfaces exert a centric pressure on the fiber, much like a three-jaw drill chuck that holds the drill. Once the two halves of the connector are installed, they are held together and each fiber is positioned in the proper position between the three cylindrical surfaces. Outside is the frame 3. Connector losses do not exceed 0.3 dB, transient losses exceed 70 dB. Outside, the splice is insulated with a heat-shrinkable sleeve with preliminary winding with plastic tapes.

Safety precautions during installation work

Installation work.Persons at least 18 years of age are allowed to work with adhesive. Particular attention must be paid to meeting the requirements for safe handling of blowtorches and gas burners. The mass for pouring cast-iron couplings should be heated on braziers without an open flame, while using a bucket with a spout and a lid. The temperature of the mass should be monitored with a thermometer.

The adhesives must be stored in a resealable container: do not allow the adhesive to come into contact with the skin or the respiratory system.

The work manager gives the order to start work only after personally checking the absence of voltage on the cable. When cutting the cable, the hacksaw must be grounded to a metal pin driven into the ground to a depth of 0.5 m.

On cable lines that are close to the AC electrified railway, it is necessary: a) to carry out work only in accordance with a previously issued outfit, which indicates the main safety measures; b) check the presence and serviceability protective equipment, fixtures and tools; c) perform the work of the brigades Oh consisting of at least two people, one of whom is appointed responsible for the implementation of safety regulations; d) all construction and repair work should be carried out using gloves, galoshes, rugs and tools with insulating handles; e) control the absence of voltage on the conductors and sheaths of the cable using a voltage indicator with a neon lamp or a voltmeter.

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11.9.1 Copper conductors of TP type cables (diameters from 0.32 to 0.70 mm) during new construction must be spliced using mechanical connectors:

a) on cables with a capacity of up to 100x2 with direct splicing, it is recommended to use individual connectors of the UY-2 (ЗМ) and Tel-Splice types for two cores (tyco / Electronics / Raychem);

b) on cables with a capacity of up to 100x2 with parallel splicing, when three cores are simultaneously spliced, it is recommended to use individual UR-2 (ЗМ) and Tel-Splice three-core connectors (tyco / Electronics / Raychem);

c) on cables with a capacity of 200x2 to 1200x2 with direct splicing, it is recommended to use:

Domestic multicore connectors SMZH-10; multicore connectors of the ZM company: MS2 4000-D (25 pairs) and MS2 9700-10 (10 pairs);

Tyco / Electronics / Raychem multicore connectors: AMP STACK for direct splice 25 pairs and 10 pairs;

d) on cables with a capacity of 200x2 to 1200x2 with parallel splicing, it is recommended to use:

Multicore connectors of the ZM company: MS2 4008-D (25 pairs) and MS2 9708-10 (10 pairs);

Multi-conductor tyco / Electronics / Raychem connectors: AMP STACK for 25-pair and 10-pair branching.

Connectors from foreign manufacturers should be used when splicing cores with diameters from 0.4 to 0.7 mm.

When splicing cores with a diameter of 0.32 mm, use domestic connectors SMZH-10.

The use of individual and group connectors of other types is allowed.

Manual twisting on TPPep, TPPepB, TG and TB cables during new construction is allowed only with the permission of the network operation services. Manual strands of conductors are insulated with polyethylene sleeves: individual and elongated.

11.9.2 Copper conductors of TP type cables with hydrophobic filling shall be spliced only with mechanical connectors. Manual twisting when splicing them is not allowed. Features of installation of TP type cables with hydrophobic filling are given in 11.19.

11.9.3 Copper conductors of T-type cables are spliced by hand with the isolation of the twists by paper sleeves: individual and elongated. Splicing of cores of T-type cables with porous-paper insulation by multi-core connectors of any type is allowed.

11.9.4 When splicing cores by hand twisting and during operation of cables connected in this way, it is necessary to exclude splitting of pairs, that is, scattering of connected pairs and quadruples. To do this, each pair or four must be fastened with a bandage of harsh threads (used on T-type cables) or with polyethylene group rings (used on TP-type cables).

In the case of using a common elongated sleeve, group rings or knitting with threads are not required.

11.9.5 In parallel splicing of three cores of T-type cables by hand twisting, paper sleeves are selected taking into account the diameter of the twists.

11.9.6 Before splicing each successive pair or four, the splicer must determine a place for them in the splice. The strands of the conductors closest to the sheath edges must be at least 40 mm apart from the casing. The strands of the veins of individual pairs (fours) or groups of such strands are evenly distributed along the entire length of the splice, displacing each subsequent group by half the sleeve of the previous group. It is allowed to place twists in a checkerboard pattern.

11.9.7 When splicing by hand twisting the conductors of different dihedrals on T-type cables, the strands of conductors must be soldered if the difference in diameters is equal to or greater than 0.3 mm.

The twists are soldered with POSSu-40-2 solder using a solution of rosin in alcohol as a flux (three parts by weight of rosin per seven parts of alcohol). The twists are soldered in a cup soldering iron heated by the flame of a gas torch or blowtorch. Before soldering, the ends of the twists are lubricated over a length of 8 to 10 mm with a solution of rosin in alcohol using a soft brush. The ends of the twists are immersed in molten solder 20 mm. The length of the soldered section must be between 5 and 8 mm. Soldering is carried out in groups of 6-8 pairs as they are spliced.

11.9.8 For splicing conductors of different diameters on cables of the TP type, connectors of the appropriate type are selected, taking into account the recommendations of the manufacturers. In this case, both individual and multi-pair connectors can be used.

11.9.9 The method of splicing cores using multi-pair connectors, in which 10 or 25 pairs are spliced at one time without preliminary cutting and stripping of insulation, provides high quality installation, signal transmission modern species communication equipment and an increase in labor productivity in comparison with manual twisting of conductors.

11.9.14 To ensure High Quality splices necessary for the transmission of signals of modern types of communication equipment over cables; when installing cables of small capacity, single-core connectors listed in 11.9.1 should be used. The most widely used connector of this type is UY-2 "Scotchlock" manufactured by "ZM" (Figure 11.16). It is designed to connect copper conductors with a diameter of 0.4 to 0.9 mm with paper and polyethylene insulation without preliminary stripping, while the maximum diameter of the conductor in the insulation should be no more than 2.08 mm. The connector body is filled with a hydrophobic gel to prevent moisture from entering the conductor junction.

The connector allows you to connect conductors with different core diameters and types of insulation. It is recommended to use them for installation of cables of small capacity (up to 100x2) and for splicing spare cores in cables of large bone, as well as for splicing shield wires.

For working with UY-2 connectors, E-9Y pressing tongs are supplied. With their help, the connectors are crimped and the excess veins are bite off.

11.9.15 Splicing of conductors of cables with polyethylene insulation of conductors is carried out in the following sequence: pairs (fours) are selected from the selected bundles of spliced cables, corresponding to each other in color, and twisted in tension in three turns at a distance of 40 mm from the cuts of the sheath (Figure 11.17a) ... Then, from twisted pairs (fours), the same-named cores "A" and "A1" are selected and, putting them together, trim, cut using press tongs at a distance of 40 mm from the place of twisting (Figure 11.17b). Having turned the connector with the transparent side towards you, the prepared cores are inserted into it until they stop in the back wall of the connector body. Crimp the connector on the veins with the front working part of the press tongs. Next, select the two second conductors of the same name "B" and "B1" from the spliced pair and, putting them together, cut off at a distance of 45 mm from the place of twisting. The conductors are inserted into the connector and crimped (Figure 17c, d). In a cable with a quadruple strand of conductors, the third and fourth conductors are similarly prepared, cutting them, respectively, at a distance of 50 and 55 mm from the place of stranding.

Places of twists of subsequent pairs (fours) are placed every 30 mm along the entire length working area(Figure 17e). The remaining pairs (fours) are mounted against the twisting points of the pairs (fours) of the first row. Having assembled the first bundle of veins, they tie it with a waxed thread in three places at regular intervals. Then the rest of the beams are mounted.

The connected bundles are tied together with waxed thread in three places at regular intervals. The groups of mounted connectors, formed after the ligation, are evenly fanned around the circumference of the splice, starting with the first, and stacked so that the connectors lie in one layer, and the diameter of the splice is the same along its entire length.

11.9.16 When splicing the cores of cables with paper insulation, the pairs of the same names are stretched inside the working area and bent at a right angle at a distance of 40 mm from one of the cuts of the sheath. In this case, damage to the insulation of the cores at the bend should not be allowed; the cores should be bent smoothly, holding them at the bend with the thumb and forefinger.

a - spliced cores are twisted;
b - veins "A" and "A1" are prepared for splicing;
c-cores "A" and "A1" are connected in UY-2, cores "B" and "B1"
prepared for splicing;
g - a pair of cores are crimped in connectors;
d - the first row of assembled pairs of conductors

11.9.17 Restoration of the insulation characteristics of conductors is provided by the materials from which the connectors and sleeves are made. The housings of the connectors are made of plastics that ensure that the specified standards for insulation resistance and test voltage are achieved during measurements. The paper sleeves must be made of cable paper.

Sleeves for TP type cables should be made of high pressure polyethylene. It is allowed to use TUT tubes made of radiation-modified polyethylene as sleeves on rural communication cables.

It is not allowed to use pieces of PVC pipes as sleeves.

11.37.1 Cables of the KSPP type can be mounted in the following ways:

a) with the help of dead-end couplings of the MT type, filled with a bitumen compound;

b) with the help of MT type dead-end couplings filled with Vilad-31 sealant;

c) "cold" method with the restoration of the shell with tape materials;

d) "cold" method in MPP bushings with filling of the splice with gels or compounds selected by the network operation services.

11.37.2 Common to all hot methods technological operation is the splicing of copper conductors by twisting with soldering with POSSu-40-2 solder. Soldering is carried out in a cup soldering iron heated by a gas torch or blowtorch.

11.37.3 When installing KSPP cables by "cold" methods, the cores are connected using single-pair connectors designed for splicing cores with a diameter of 0.9 and 1.2 mm.

11.37.4 Installation of KSPP and KSPPB cables using dead-end couplings with bitumen compound includes the following technological operations:

a) cutting the ends of the cable;

b) tinning armor tapes;

c) the imposition of bandages on the armor tapes;

d) restoration of the screen tape;

e) splicing (twisting) of veins;

f) winding the cable with PVC adhesive tape and installing the spacer insert;

g) installation of the coupling and filling it with a heated bitumen compound;

h) immersion of the splice into the sleeve.

11.37.5 Cutting the ends of the cable (Figure 11.46) is performed in the following technological sequence:

a) cut off the excess lengths of the ends of the cables and with a rag soaked in gasoline, clean them of dust and dirt at a length of 400 to 500 mm;

b) at a distance of 120 mm from the end of the cable, make a circular incision on the polyethylene sheath and from it - longitudinal to the end of the cable, unfold the incised sheath and cut it off along the circular incision; similarly, remove the sheath from the other end of the cable;

c) PVC tape wound on an aluminum screen is unwound on the KSPP cables and cut off at the sheath cut;

d) on KSPPB cables, at a distance of 10 mm from the sheath cut, make a circular cut on the armor tapes, unwind them and break off along the cut; after that, the area, freed from the armor tapes, is cleaned of bitumen and wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline; similarly remove the armor tapes from the other end of the cable;

e) unwind the PVC tape wound on the screen and cut it off at the edge of the armor tape;

f) unwind the spiral overlay screen tape and twist it into a roll at the shell cut; screen wire is wound over the roll;

g) at a distance of 70 mm from the end of the cable, a circular incision is made in the belt insulation, the belt insulation is slightly heated with a burner flame, it is cut crosswise between the veins and cut off along the circular incision;

h) at a distance of 40 mm from the end of the cable, circular cuts are made on the core insulation with a knife and removed.

11.37.6 Areas of armor left near the shell cutoff are wiped with a rag soaked in gasoline, cleaned with a steel brush and tinned with POSSu-40-2 solder using PBK-26M paste with a hammer soldering iron.

On each tinned section of the armor, a bandage of three turns of pre-tinned copper wire with a diameter of 0.9 to 1.2 mm is applied. The length of the wire for the bandage must be at least 200 mm. The bandage is fixed to the armor with a twist.

Then the band is soldered to the tinned section of the shell with a hammer soldering iron.

11.37.7 The two cut ends of the cable are folded in parallel so that the rolls of screening tapes do not interfere with the snug fit of the cable ends. The wires of the bandages are connected by twisting with soldering.

11.37.8 Splicing of copper conductors is performed by hand twisting (Figure 11.47). The twist length must be at least 15 mm. The twists are soldered with POSSu-40-2 solder.

11.37.9 Rolls of screen tapes are unwound, each tape is shortened to 70 mm, folded together and fastened with a roofing seam. "Then they are wrapped around both ends of the cable along the belt insulation (with one turn). The twist of the screen wires is wound on the twist of the wires of the bandages, the twist of the screen wires is shortened to a value of 15 to 20 mm, and the total twist is bent downward.

11.37.10 With a brush dipped in an alcoholic solution of rosin, grease the twists of the conductors, as well as the bandage and screen

Rovolok and with the help of a cup soldering iron, the twists are soldered. After soldering, the twist of the shield and shroud wires is bent to the shield tapes.

A plentiful layer of KR-1 hot melt glue is applied to the strands of the veins. Hot-melt glue is used to coat the twist along its entire length and the insulation of the conductors in a section 20 mm long, starting from the insulation cut A piece of tube HERE 8/4 (without an underlayer) 80 mm long is pushed onto the twist so that it covers the entire section with the applied hot melt glue and seated it along its entire length. After shrinkage HERE, without waiting for it to cool completely, its free end is folded into a splice and secured by the transport or with adhesive PVC tape.

11.37.11 At a distance of 100 mm from the sheath cut at the ends of the cable, to provide a gap between them, insert a spacer insert - a sheath cut.

The coupling is applied to the twist of the conductors and the level at which the cable will be immersed in it is determined so that the ends of the conductors closed by the HERE tubes do not reach the bottom of the coupling by an amount of 10 to 15 mm (Figure 11.48)

At this level, both ends of the cable are wrapped with five to eight turns of PVC adhesive tape. The general view of the splice is shown in Figure 11.49.

11.37.12 The sleeve is installed strictly vertically into the recess at the bottom of the excavation. The heated bitumen compound from the kettle is poured into the sleeve 3/4 of its length. In this case, the thickness of the jet should be from 2 to 3 mm. If the jet is thicker, the kettle with the compound is additionally heated; if it is thinner, they wait until it cools down to a temperature of 120 ° C. You can check if the compound is overheated by lowering a polyethylene sleeve or tape into it.

After filling the sleeve with a compound, a cable splice is introduced into it and immersed before winding the sheath with tapes (Figure 11.50)

The splice inserted into the coupling should not be moved.

11.37.13 The cable stock is laid out at the bottom of the pit (Figure 11.4). Loose soil is poured into the gap between the cable and the bottom of the pit at the exit from the coupling and tamped. Then the pit is covered with excavated earth, without waiting for the cooling of the vertically installed coupling. Dead-end couplings filled with bitumen compound should be installed only in pits. In the wells and near the supports, bushings should be installed.

11.37.14 The need for basic materials and reinforcement per one MT-36 dead-end coupling:

adhesive PVC tape. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 rolls;

gasoline B-70. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.1 l;

bituminous compound. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.25 kg;

soldering paste PBK-26M. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.02 kg;

rags. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.1 kg;

POSSu-40-2 solder. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.05 kg;

round copper wire with a diameter of 0.9-1.2 mm. ... 0.2 m;

tube HERE 8/4, without underlayer. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.4 m

hot melt adhesive KR-1. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.05 kg.,

11.37.15 Splices of cables KSPP, KSPPB and KSPZB, mounted in MT-36 couplings, can also be filled with the self-expanding polyurethane sealant "Vilad-31". In this case, the installation of the joint is performed as described above. Only the filling material is changed. The advantage of the sealant is that the sleeve can be operated in any position after the sealant has cured. Therefore, it becomes possible to use dead-end couplings with MTO-type headrests. MTo couplings increase the reliability of splices, since they allow cables in a sheath to be inserted into the branch pipes of the headrests and to seal the inputs with HER tubes, and to connect the armor outside the coupling, as shown in Figure 11.51. Installation of dead-end couplings with Vilad-31 sealant is allowed at an air temperature not lower than + 5 ° С.

Installation is carried out in accordance with the provisions of "Instructions for the installation of local communication cables with dead-end couplings with sealant" Vilad-31 ", St. Petersburg, LONIIS, 1995.

a) before sealing open areas of the armor by the "cold method";
b) after sealing open areas of the armor "cold method"
1 - outer covering of the KSPPB cable;
2 - open areas of armor with bandages;
3 - cable sheath;
4 - tubes HERE at the sealed joints;
5 - adhesive PVC tape; 6 - connection of screen tapes;
7 - strands of conductors, soldered and insulated with tubes HERE;
8 - sealing open areas of the armor by
sequential application of layers of MG 14-16 mastic,
adhesive PVC tape and moisture-curing bandage "Armoplast"

11 37.16 When installing KSPP cables using tape materials for "cold" sealing, the conductors are spliced as in the lead-through sleeve (Figure 11.52). In this case, the twists are insulated with sections of tubes HERE 4/2, shrinked on a layer of hot melt adhesive KR-1.

Then each twist, closed by the tube HERE, with overlapping and entering the insulation on both sides of the HERE, is wrapped with a narrow Flat tape VM. The width of the tape should be between 5 and 7 mm.

The joint of veins is pulled out and squeezed by hands. A VM tape is wound over the splice, between the cuts of the sheath of the spliced cables. After winding two layers of the VM tape, the screen wire is twisted and soldered together. The screen is restored by wrapping the splice with aluminum foil. A VM tape is wound over the recovered screen to the level of the outer diameter of the cable.

Two layers of VM tape with 50% overlap are wound on the cable sheath, stepping back 50 mm from its edge, through the splice onto the sheath of the second cable (by 50 mm). On the VM tape, two layers of 88T tape are wound with 50% overlap. Over adhesive tapes apply two layers of "Armorcast" structural material.

With this installation method, it is allowed to splicate cores and shield wire using paired connectors U1B or UDW2.

1 - conductors are twisted with soldering, insulation
restored by tubes HERE with KR-1;
2 - belt insulation is restored with VM tape;
3 - layers of 88T tape;
4 - structural material "Armorcast"

11.37.17 When installing KSPP cables with longitudinal overlapping screens, complete assembly kits of couplings are used, which include MPP couplings, as well as materials for splicing cores, filling the splice, restoring the screen and “cold” sealing of the coupling. For example, for

installation using a complete assembly kit for MPP 0.5-1x4 couplings, perform the following operations:

a) the cores are spliced with U1B connectors. The length of the splice is the distance between the cuts of the shells, shown in Figure 11.53. The size of the splice is determined by the length of the shield rail included in the coupling kit;

b) the shield is repaired using two 4460-D shield connectors and an aluminum shield bus;

c) the inner volume of the sleeve is filled with gel 8882 through one of the filling holes. After the end of the filling, both holes are closed with plugs;

d) the restoration of the shell is carried out in a "cold" way, by applying belts of 2900R mastic to the joints of the coupling parts and to the joints of the coupling with the cable, secured by windings of 88T adhesive vinyl tape.

At the choice of the network maintenance services, various types of sealants can be used in the preparation of complete installation kits. For example, compound 4407, "Vilad-13" and others.

Appearance and sections of the MPP 0.5-1x4 coupling on different stages installation are presented in Figure 11.53.

11.37.18 Splicing of PRPPM cable (PRVPM) can be performed in MT-16 dead-end couplings according to the technology given above in 11.37.4 - 11.37.12. Separation and connection of cores of single-pair cables by twisting and soldering are shown in Figure 11.54.

11.37.19 Splicing of PRPPM (PRVPM) cables with paired UDW2 connectors is allowed. The connectors have a black housing, are made of UV-resistant material, and can be used in both couplings and outdoors, for example, when hanging single-pair cables.

a) splicing of cores with U1B connectors, installation of shield connectors;
b) restoration of the screen, filling the sleeve, sealing the sleeve;
1 - KSPP cable; 2 - MPP-0.5 clutch; 3 - holes for filling the gel;
4 - shield connector 4460-D mounted on the shield and secured with one nut;
5 - connector U1 B;
6 - a belt made of 2900R mastic, wrapped from above with 88T tape, on the coupling cone;
7 - the filling hole is closed with a polyethylene plug;
8 - a shield bus is installed on the stud of the shield connector, from above it is pressed with a second nut;
9 - screen bus; 10-splice;
11 - a belt made of 2900R mastic, wrapped on top with 88T tape, at the junction of the coupling parts;
12-gel 8882

1 - soldered section of the twist; 2 - twisting of veins

abstract
on the topic of:
"New technologies for installing local communication cables"

1. Installation of sealed couplings using individual connectors, hydrophobic aggregate and heat-shrinkable tapes

1.1 General

In order to increase the operational reliability of cable communication lines built on the basis of symmetrical multi-pair cables of the city telephone network of the TP type, a new method is considered and recommendations are given for the installation of straight and branching couplings of the GM type using individual connectors, hydrophobic filler and heat-shrinkable tapes. The proposed method can be used on sections of cable communication lines that are not contained under excessive air pressure, or in cables with a hydrophobic filler.
The proposed technology ensures the fulfillment of the requirements set forth in the "Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local telephone networks" - the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation - OJSC "SSKTB-TOMASS", - M., 1996.
In the technological process of mounting sealed couplings, components of domestic and foreign production were used, which have the appropriate quality (conformity) certificates, which have found wide application in the construction and operation of communication facilities (Table 1). The block diagram of the clutch and its elements are shown in Fig. one.

Table 1. Materials used in the installation of sealed cable sleeves of the TP type
Product name Product type Specifications
Polyethylene sleeve
Individual and multi-pair connectors
Curing PC compound: filler
and hardener (trietaiolamine)
Adhesive tape
Heat-shrinkable tube MPS UY-2, MS2 4000D FP-65-2M
Sevilen-118 Radlen HERE TU-45-8-86 Certificate of the company "ZM" TU-6-09-2448-72
TU-2245-006-00203536-96 TU-2245-006-00203536-95 TU-95-1613-87

The considered method of installation of sealed couplings allows performing technological processes when restoring a splice of communication cables of the TP type with a capacity of up to 100x2.

Table 2-5 shows the consumption of materials for the installation of straight and branch sealed couplings of multi-pair cables of the TP type, labor costs and a list of tools.

Table 2. Consumption of materials for the installation of straight sealed HMP couplings
The name of the materials of the Unit. size. Cable capacity and type of coupling

10x2 MPS 7/13 20x2 MPS 13/20 30x2 MPS 13/20 50x2 MPS 20/27 100x2 MPS 20/27
Polyethylene sleeve MPS pcs. 1 1 1 1 1 Individual or
multi-pair connector:
option UY-2 pcs. 22 42 62 104 208
variant MS2 4000D pcs. - - - - 4
Hydrophobic compound:
aggregate g. 250 350 350 500 500
hardener g. 2.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0
Heat shrinkable tubes:
d = 20/10 pcs. 2
d = 30/15 pcs. - 2 2 -
d = 40/20 pcs. 2 2
d d = 80/40 pcs. - - - eleven
Shield jumper combi-pcs. 1 1 1 1 1 lined with clamps
Leita segments VM pcs. 2 2 2 2 2
(0.19x0.1) m
Emery tape pcs. 1 1 1 1 1
Structural tape roll. - - - - 2
Armorcast

Table 3. Consumption of materials during the installation of branch sealed GMR couplings
Name of materials Unit, meas. Cable capacity and type of coupling
20x2 (10 + 10) 2MPR 13/20 30x2 (10 + 20) 2MPR 13/20 50x2 (10 + 30) 2MPR 13/20 100x2 (30 + 20 + 50) 2MPR 13/20
Polyethylene sleeve MPR pcs. 1 1 1 1
Individual or multi-
paired connector:
option UY-2 pcs. 42 62 104 208
variant MS2 4000D pcs. - - - 4
Hydrophobic compound:
aggregate g. 350 350 350 500
hardener g 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0
Heat shrinkable tubes:
d = 30/15 pcs. 2 2 2 2
d = 40/20 pcs. 1 1 1 1
d = 60/30 pcs. 1 1 1
d = 80/40 pcs. one
Shielding strip combined with clips Armorcast structural tape pcs. rud. 1 1 1 1 2

Table 4. Labor costs for installation of a straight sealed GMF cable sleeve with a capacity of 100x2 with individual UY-2 connectors
Types of work Work time, min.
Clean the adjacent cable ends to be installed from dirt with a cloth 2
Slide over adjacent cable ends ...

Dimensions (edit)

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

« New technologies for installation of local communication cables»

1. Installation of sealed couplings using individual connectors, hydrophobic aggregate and heat-shrinkable tapes

1.1 General

The proposed technology ensures the fulfillment of the requirements set forth in "Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local telephone networks" - The Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation - SSKTB-TOMASS OJSC, - M., 1996.

In the technological process of installing sealed couplings, components of domestic and foreign production were used, which have the appropriate quality (conformity) certificates, which have found wide application in the construction and operation of communication facilities (Table 1). The block diagram of the clutch and its elements are shown in Fig. one.

Table 1. Materials used in the installation of sealed cable sleeves of the TP type

The considered method of installation of sealed couplings allows performing technological processes when restoring a splice of communication cables of the TP type with a capacity of up to 100x2.

Table 2-5 shows the consumption of materials for the installation of straight and branch sealed couplings of multi-pair cables of the TP type, labor costs and a list of tools.

Table 2. Consumption of materials for the installation of direct sealed GMP couplings

Name of materials	Edii. size.	Cable capacity and type of coupling
		10x2 MPS 7/13	20x2 MPS 13/20	30x2 MPS 13/20	50x2 MPS 20/27	100x2 MPS 20/27
Polyethylene sleeve MPS
Individual or
multi-pair connector:
option *UY-2*
variant MS 2 4000D
Hydrophobic compound:
aggregate
hardener
Heat shrinkable tubes:





Shield jumper combi
lined with clamps
Leita VM segments

Emery tape
Structural tape

Table 3. Consumption of materials for the installation of branching sealed GMR couplings

Name of materials	Single, meas.	Cable capacity and type of coupling
		20x2 (10 + 10) 2MPR 13/20	30x2 (10 + 20) 2MPR 13/20	50x2 (10 + 30) 2MPR 13/20	100x2 (30 + 20 + 50) 2MPR 13/20
Polyethylene sleeve MPR
Individual or multi-
paired connector:
variant UY-2
variant MS 2 4000D
Hydrophobic compound:
aggregate
hardener
Heat shrinkable tubes:




Combined shield jumper with clamps Armorcast structural tape

Table 4. Labor costs for the installation of a straight sealed GMF cable sleeve with a capacity of 100x2 with individual UY-2 connectors

Types of jobs	Working time, min.
Clean the adjacent cable ends to be installed from dirt with a cloth
Slide pieces of heat-shrinkable tubing onto adjacent cable ends
HERE 40/20 (2 pcs.) And HERE 80/40
Slide the coupling halves onto the adjacent cable ends
Slide the shield rail clips onto the adjacent cable ends
Simultaneous removal of the polyethylene jacket and cable screening tape
Additional removal of 15 mm polyethylene at adjacent cable ends
shells without breaking the screen tape layer
Fastening to the sections of the screen tape screen clips and temporary screen
early tape
Dismantling the cable core into bundles (twists)
Continuity of cable chains in bundles (twists)
Installation of all conductive cores of the cable with UY-2 connectors
Replacing the working screen bus with a permanent screen bus
Docking of half-couplings and cleaning of joint areas with sandpaper
Wrapping the joints of half-couplings with Sevilen tape
Wrapping the joints of half-couplings with "Radlen" tape
The impact of the flame of a gas burner (blowtorch) on the layer of tapes (Radlen-

Hole punch device of two holes in the half couplings
Opening metal and glass packages containing components
rrophobic aggregate
Mixing of hydrophobic aggregate components
Types of jobs	Working time, min.
Injection of a liquid hydrophobic filler with a medical syringe into
half-coupling hole
Cleaning with a cloth the surface of the coupling halves from possible contamination and stripping
sandpaper adjacent to the holes surface
Laying the polyethylene wads taken from the hole punch into the holes of the half-couplings
Laying on the holes of the plaster from two pieces of vinyl leita UM
Packing and upsetting by flame of three heat-shrinkable tubes
Laying and securing the recovered cable on the consoles
Workplace cleaning

Table 5. Tools, fixtures and inventory

Name	Unit meas.	Quantity
Gas burner or blowtorch LP-0.5
Side nippers
Screwdriver
Cable knife
Folding meter
Screwdriver
Press tongs E-9X
Key for opening food canned in metal
sky container
Hole punch for the device Holes in the polyethylene sleeve
Medical syringe 150 ml

1.2 Procedure for the installation of sealed couplings

1. Preparing cable ends for installation

1.1. The installation of the sealed coupling is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section II "Installation of electrical cables of local telephone networks" set forth in the "Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local communication networks" of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation, OJSC SSKTB-TOMASS, Moscow, 1996, part 1 (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide").

1.2. The work performed on the installation of the sealed coupling must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for labor protection when working on cable communication lines and wire broadcasting (" radio transmission ")" POT RO-45-005-95, Moscow, 1995.

1.3. Depending on the conditions and place of installation, lay out the adjacent spliced cable ends in the form of a communication cable well (pit) and fasten.

1.4. Slide pieces of heat-shrinkable tubes (HERE) onto the adjacent ends of the cables, depending on the brand and design of the coupling to be mounted (Fig. 2).

1.5. Slide the elements of the polyethylene sleeve onto the adjacent ends of the cables (Fig. 3).

1.6. Slide the shield rail clamps onto the adjacent cable ends (Fig. 4).

1.7. Remove the polyethylene sheath and the aluminum shield tape from the adjacent cable ends, observing those indicated in Fig. 5 dimensions of the section of the core (L) and the screen tape that is freed from the shell (Table 6.).

Table 6

Dimensions of the section of the core and tape

1.8. Slide the clamps onto the bare areas of the aluminum screen tape and, using a screwdriver, secure together with the temporary working rail (Fig. 6).

1.9. Keep the ends of the bare shield wire of the spliced cable sections.

1.10. Disassemble the cores of adjacent cable sections to be installed into bundles or twists; to carry out continuity of the circuits, preparing the process of organizing the splice according to the technology set forth in the "Guide", p. 11.36-11.42.

2. Splicing of conductive cores with single-core connectors UY-2

In accordance with the recommendations of the "Guide" "... to ensure a high quality splice when installing low-capacity cables, it is recommended to use single-core connectors, for example, type UY-2 "Scotchlock". The UY-2 connector is designed to connect copper conductors with a diameter of 0.4 ... 0.9 mm with paper and polyethylene insulation without preliminary stripping, while the maximum diameter of the conductor in the insulation should be no more than 2.08 mm. The connector body is filled with a hydrophobic mass to prevent moisture from entering the conductor junction.

The connector allows splicing of conductors with different core diameters and types of insulation. It is recommended to use them for installation of cables of small capacity (up to 100x2) and for splicing spare cores in cables of large capacity.

Installation of cables using a single-core connector is carried out using press tongs (E-9U), which bite off and press in the conductors.

2.1. From the selected bundles (twigs) select the appropriate pairs (fours) and twist together in 2-3 turns with tension, stepping back from the cut of the shell by 40 mm (Fig. 8).

2.2. From twisted pairs of insulated conductors select the same name "a-a" (Fig. 9)

2.3. Turning the connector with the transparent side towards you, insert the prepared conductors of the same name "a-a" or "b-b" into it until they stop in the rear wall of the connector and press together with E-9X press tongs.

2.4. Place the joints of subsequent pairs every 30 mm along the entire remaining length of the working area. Mount the remaining pairs against the joints of the pairs of the first row (Fig. 10).

2.5. Having assembled the first bundle of veins, lightly squeeze its core with your hands. Install the splice of the entire cable core in the same way.

2.6. Fan the groups of assembled connectors evenly around the circumference of the splice, starting with the first, and lay them so that the connectors lie in one layer, and the splice diameter is the same and compact along its entire length (Fig. 11).

2.7. Remove the temporary working screen rail and restore in its place, firmly fastening in the clamp, the permanent working screen rail taken out of the kit (Fig. 12).

2.8. Slide the half-couplings onto the spliced joint.

3. Sealing the splice

3.1. Wipe the joints of the cable and half-couplings with a cloth and carefully, by 20 ... 40 mm. from the edge of the joint in both directions along the entire circumference, clean the surface of the cable and coupling with emery paper (Fig. 13).

3.2. Apply adhesive tape in one layer on a 20 ... 40 mm joint area treated with sandpaper and cleaned with a rag in circles, with an overlap of 50% Sevipen (Figure 14).

3.3. Over the tape Sevilen similarly, but in the opposite direction, in turns with 50% overlap, apply heat-shrinkable tape "Radlen" in one layer (Fig. 15).

3.4. Use the flame of a gas torch (blowtorch) to influence the turns of the heat-shrinkable tape "Radlen", bringing the joints to the surface of a uniform homogeneous layer (Fig. 16).

3.5. Perform two through holes hole punch (notch) (Fig. 17).

3.6. Open the metal and glass containers, respectively, containing the components of the polymerizing compound (PC): filler and hardener (Fig. 18).

3.7. Pour the contents of a glass vessel (hardener) into a metal container (filler) and mix the components thoroughly with a wooden stick until the liquid composition darkens evenly.

3.8. Remove the medical syringe from the package and fill it with a dark liquid mass obtained in a metal container (hydrophobic filler) (Fig. 19).

3.9. Insert the tip of the syringe into one of the holes in the polyethylene sleeve and, slowly injecting the contents, release the syringe (Fig. 20).

3.10. If necessary, repeating the operations, fill the volume of the polyethylene sleeve with a mass of hydrophobic filler. The emergence of a mass of hydrophobic aggregate from the adjacent hole indicates the completion of this operation.

Depending on the capacity of the cable and the brand of the polyethylene sleeve, the set of the sealed sleeve (GM) may contain several pairs of containers of the hardener and fixer.

Attention: Inject the contents of the syringe slowly, allowing the mass to fill the space between the individual splice connectors.

3.11. After waiting a few minutes, make sure that the coupling is completely filled with the hydrophobic filler and carefully wipe the coupling surface with a rag from possible contamination. The area adjacent to the holes within a radius of 1.5 ... 2.0 cm should be carefully cleaned with sandpaper and wiped with a rag.

3.12. In the previously made holes in the sleeve insert the polyethylene wads taken from the hole punch, on top of which apply a plaster from the supplied pieces of vinyl VM tape (Fig. 21).

3. Slide the large and small rings of the heat-shrinkable tubes onto the joints of the polyethylene sleeve sealed with Sevilen and Radlen tapes (Fig. 22)

3.14. Use the flame of a gas torch (blowtorch) to settle the heat-shrinkable tubes (Fig. 23).

3.15. Place the finished sealed sleeve on the bottom of the pit or on the console of the communication cable well.

2. Technology of sealing of couplings of local communication lines from cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath

2.1 General

Installation of multi-pair telecommunication cables is carried out in accordance with developed by JSC "SKTB-TOMASS", M., 1995 The management regulates the installation of cables:

City telephone type F with air-paper insulation of conductors in lead, aluminum and steel corrugated sheaths;

City telephone type TP with polyethylene insulation of conductors in a polyethylene sheath;

Rural communication cables such as KSPP, PRPPM (PRVPM).

The manual is mainly designed for the use of domestic installation technologies using individual elements designs of couplings of foreign firms. Recently, however, a number of elements and technologies have appeared (for example, from the ZM company) aimed at improving the reliability of couplings.

In the article by A.S. Brisker and S.A. Popova "New technologies for installation and repair of GTS cables" (VS, 1996, No. 11) describes the compression method of sealing the splice, offered by the ZM company.

In the article by B.C. Prudinsky and A.T. Shevchenko "Installation of cables with hydrophobic filling" the analysis of existing structural elements and technologies (Table 7) is made and a method for sealing cable sleeves with hydrophobic filling is proposed, which provides for the gravity-flowing filling of the core of ZM brand 4442 gel through the holes of domestic couplings of the MPS (MPR) type. However, according to the authors, there is no one hundred percent guarantee that the gel will fill all the voids of the splice.

Without infringing on the basic principles of the installation of local communication cables, this work presents a new technology and equipment for sealing couplings using domestic materials.

The proposed technology provides complete sealing of the internal space of the mounted sleeve made of TPP-type cables and cables with hydrophobic filling ТПэпЗП.

Sealing of sleeves is carried out using a polymerizing compound specially developed by LONIIS, LLC FORKOM and NPK GIDROFOB for pouring multi-pair cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath into the sleeves.

The introduction of the compound into the core is carried out using the developed LONIIS "Coupling sealing devices" (UGM).

2.2. Sealing technology for sleeves of multi-pair cables with polyethylene insulation and sheath

Installation of cores, core of multi-pair cables of TPP type and its sheath should be carried out in accordance with "Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local communication networks", SSKTB-TOMASS, M., 1995

The technology proposed in this work provides for a solution to the problem of complete sealing of the mounted coupling.

The main provisions of the sealing of couplings

1. The technology of sealing couplings applies to the installation of lines from TPP cables with polyethylene insulation of cores and a polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride sheath and cables with a hydrophobic filler ТТШэпЗ.

3. The relative viscosity of the polymerizing compound introduced into the sleeve should be no more than 180 seconds, the polymerization time - no more than 36 hours.

4. After polymerization, the sealing compound should reach the consistency of thick honey. It is allowed to obtain a continuous liquid sticky rubbery mass.

5. When dismantling the couplings, the compound is removed mechanically by removing the filler with a rag.

6. The introduction of the sealing compound into the sleeve core is carried out using the "Coupling Sealing Device" (UGM), which is a manual syringe press consisting of: a sleeve sealing device, a filler chamber, a piston rod, an inlet valve, an outlet valve, a pressure gauge for controlling the outlet pressure filler in the connection nipple, the unit for connecting the device to the coupling (cable) with a hose, a hose.

The set of equipment for sealing couplings includes: a device for sealing UGM couplings, a stand for fastening UGM, a tool for preparing technological holes in the body of the couplings and the sheath of the cable, a container for preparing a hydrophobic filler (compound).

Technical characteristics of UGM:

Aggregate chamber capacity - 0.5 l;

Allowable pressure at the inlet to the coupling - 5 kgf / cm "(atm);

Connection hose length -2 m;

UGM dimensions - 15x100x270 mm;

The mass of the device is 3 kg.

Technological regulations for sealing couplings

Preparatory work

1. The installation of the coupling must be carried out in accordance with "Guidelines for the construction of facilities for local communication networks" (M., 1995), taking into account the additions for the installation of the core, taking into account the conditions for its complete filling.

2. The fluffed bundle of the mounted core ("flashlight") is wrapped with a synthetic tape in a spiral with a weak tension with gaps (8 ... 10 mm). The spiral is fixed with synthetic thread.

3. The screen wire is restored, the screen jumper is installed. The screen in the TPP cables is wound on the core with a weak tension and fixed with a synthetic tape.

This technology will ensure the penetration of the hydrophobic mass into the core of the mounted sleeve.

Preparation of UGM for work

1. Fix the UGM on the stand and lower the piston to the lowest position by rotating the stem handle clockwise.

2. Make a hydrophobic filler (compound) by mixing the main component and the hardener in the required proportions in a special container (bottle with a stopper), shaking for 3 ... 5 minutes.

3. Place the container (bottle) on the rack and lower the inlet hose into it.

4. Fill the UGM chamber with the compound by rotating the rod handle counterclockwise, lifting it, bring the piston to the uppermost position. In this case, due to the vacuum generated in the chamber, the filler is pumped from the bottle to the chamber of the device.

5. Make technological holes with a diameter of 4 mm in the sleeve to be sealed using punch no. 1.

6. Make plugs with a diameter of 5 mm from the cuttings of the cable sheath using punch no. 2.

7. For TTL cables! two holes are cut in the cable sheath at a distance of 2 cm from the welded ends of the sleeve and the third control hole in the upper part of the sleeve body closer to the end farthest from the injection site.

For cables of the ТГШэпЗ type (with hydrophobic filling), two holes are cut with a punch at the ends of the cylindrical part of the coupling body. The third inspection hole is made in the upper part of the coupling at an equal distance from the ends.

8. A connecting device is connected to one of the extreme holes.

Sealing couplings

1. The introduction of the filler into the coupling is carried out by moving the piston by rotating the handle clockwise. The pressure under which the filler enters the coupling is controlled by a pressure gauge and should not exceed 5 kgf / cm 2 (atm).

2. In cables of the TPP type, both the inner cavity of the coupling and the cable sections adjacent to it are sealed. The process of complete filling of the sleeve is controlled by the outflow of the filler from the hole in the cable sheath and the hole in the middle of the cylindrical part of the sleeve. After the filler emerges from the hole in the upper part of the coupling body, insert the plug prepared in advance into the hole, followed by wrapping with adhesive polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride tape. Then continue pumping until the filler appears in the hole in the cable sheath.

3. With a large volume of the inner cavity of the coupling (more than 0.5 l), the process of introducing the filler is repeated.

4. At the end of the filling of the coupling, the connecting device is removed, and the hole is closed with plugs, which are secured with adhesive PVC tape or by welding with a sheath.

5. Upon completion of the work, it is necessary to flush the UGM with a clean diesel fuel poured into a clean container (bottle), similar to the process of suction and discharge of the filler. Repeat the process 2-3 times. After flushing, turn the UGM body upwards with a pressure gauge to clean its cavity and leave it in this position.

Conclusion The proposed technology greatly simplifies the sealing element of couplings proposed by ZM, and ensures their complete sealing. The technology is applicable in operation when repairing lines without interrupting communication.

3. Installation of low-pair local communication cables using polymerizing compounds and dead-end couplings

Installation of cables using a polymerizing compound (PC) differs from the widespread method of cable installation using a bitumen compound ("Instructions for the installation of cables with bitumen compounds on STS lines", M., Communication, 1977 and "Manual for the operation of line-cable facilities STS", Petersburg, LONIIS, 1993) in that the PC does not require heating, and for its preparation it is necessary to mix two components: a filling compound and a hardener.

With the use of a polymerizing compound (PC), it is allowed to mount single-pair, single-quadruple and low-pair cables with a plastic sheath and core insulation listed in table on local telephone lines. eight.

Table 8. PC-Mount Cable Brands

The specified method is allowed to mount cables with both homogeneous and dissimilar sheath materials.

Structurally, a dead-end coupling (Fig. 24) consists of a body that serves to accommodate, protect and fill the PC, a splice of cables and a cover that prevents soil from entering the coupling, etc. The cover is fixed to the body with a lock-lock.

A polymerizing compound is obtained by mixing two components: filling compound, made using oil-filled rubber FP65-2M (TU 38.03.1.016-90) and hardener. The filling compound is supplied in a hermetically sealed container, excluding the ingress of moisture.

Couplings mounted using a PC must be operated in an upright position.

4. Technology of mounting and dismounting couplings

Installation of the dead-end coupling is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The cover sleeves are cut in accordance with the diameter of the cable to be installed.

2. The ends of the cables to be mounted are inserted into the cover sleeves.

3. Splicing of cable cores is performed either by twisting with soldering, or using individual connectors of the compressible type UDW and UY-2.

Dimensions of cable stripping for manual twisting (mm) are shown in Fig. 25: a) single-pair; b) one-quarter; c) low-pair.

When manually twisting, the soldered cores are insulated with a dead-end filled with a compound sleeve (tube) made of polyethylene. When splicing cores using individual crimp-type connectors, special hand-held pressing tongs E-9BM and E-9Y are required.

4. After the installation of the splice of cables is completed, the splice is applied to the splice of cables and the level to which it will be immersed in the splice is determined so that the end of the splice would not reach the bottom of the splice by 10 ... 15 mm. Cables at this level are wrapped with adhesive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tape.

5. Slide the cover towards the splice until it stops and wrap the cables with PVC tape from the side of the cover branch pipes. As a result, it turns out that the cover is fixed on both sides with PVC windings.

6. To prepare one portion of the PC (for mounting one coupling), pour 300 ml of the filling compound for the MTK-1 coupling or 600 ml for the MTK-2 coupling into a clean, dry container, shake the hardener in the bottle and add to the mass. Within 1-2 minutes the contents of the container mix thoroughly. From this moment, PC polymerization begins, which lasts up to 36 hours. The prepared PC must be used within 30 minutes. The preparation and filling of the PC should be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5 "C. At a lower temperature, the compound must be heated with hot water, in which containers with PC components are placed and mixed before pouring into the sleeve.

7. The prepared PC is poured into the sleeve.

8. The assembled splice of cables is inserted into the sleeve from the PC to the cover, slide the cover onto the sleeve housing flange and turn clockwise until it stops. This completes the installation of the coupling. Full filling of the inner space of the coupling is determined by the leakage of the PC from the gaps between the coupling housing, cables and the cover.

9. The sleeve is placed vertically in the pit. To do this, in the bottom of the pit with a shovel, make a depression 3/4 of the length of the coupling. The sleeve is inserted into the recess, and the supply of cables is laid out in rings. Then the pit is filled up in the usual way. In the wells of the telephone sewage system, the coupling is inserted into a wire suspension or a tubular bracket, which are vertically fixed to the structures of the well.

Quality control of installed lines

After installing the cables, control measurements of the installed lines (or sections of lines) are made. Newly built or overhauled lines must have the electrical characteristics given in table. 9.

The electrical characteristics of the PC meet the requirements for dielectric materials in the cable industry and are:

Dielectric constant - 2.8;

Specific volume resistivity - 1x10 12 Ohm-cm;

The tangent of the dielectric loss angle is 1x10 "4 at a frequency of 100 kHz.

Dismantling couplings

Dismantling of couplings on the line can be carried out by removing the splice of cables from the body and mechanical removal PC with subsequent flushing of the inner surface of the coupling with diesel fuel. After flushing, the coupling can be reused for installation.

Precautionary measures

1. Polymerizing compounds in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 are classified as low-hazard products.

2. When working with a PC, it is necessary to follow the rules for working with mineral oils and the rules of personal hygiene. It is recommended to carry out work in protective gloves and overalls.

3. The PC is not explosive, does not spontaneously ignite, burns when introduced into a fire source.

4. The hardener is alkaline. If the hardener comes in contact with the skin or eyes, rinse the affected area with copious amounts of water.