Nov 22 2012
The theme of nature has always been of interest to many Russian poets and occupied one of the main places in their poetry. Nature is self-sufficient, its existence is serene and calm. This can be seen in the poems “Summer Evening”, “Morning in the Mountains”, “Snowy Mountains”, etc. These lyrical works emphasize silence and harmony, which is conveyed by the key words “bliss”, “whisper”, “trembling”. He unmistakably finds vivid comparisons and epithets, conveying smooth transitions from day to evening, from summer to autumn, etc.
Tyutchev’s nature is changeable and dynamic. She knows no peace, everything is in the struggle of opposing forces, she is multifaceted, full of sounds, colors, smells. the poet is imbued with admiration for the greatness and beauty, infinity and diversity of the natural kingdom. The beginnings of his poems are characteristic: “How good you are, O night sea...”, “In the original autumn there is a short but wonderful time...” (1857), “How joyful is the roar of summer storms...” (1851), “I love a thunderstorm in early May.” …”. Tyutchev is especially attracted to transitional, intermediate moments of nature. It depicts an autumn day, reminiscent of the recent summer (“There is in the original autumn...”), or an autumn evening - a harbinger of winter (“Autumn Evening”) (1830). He sings of a thunderstorm not at the height of summer, but of the “first thunder of spring” “at the beginning of May.” He depicts the first awakening of nature, the turning point from winter to spring (“The earth still looks sad, but the air already breathes in spring…”) (1836). Nature in Tyutchev’s poems is humanized and spiritualized. Like a living being, she feels, breathes, rejoices and is sad. The very animation of nature is usually found in poetry. He “accepted and understood the living beauty of nature not as his fantasy, but as the truth.”
Nature as the main plot in Tyutchev’s poems:
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language...
Depicting nature as a living being, Tyutchev endows it not only with a variety of colors, but also with movement. The poet does not paint just one state of nature, but shows it in a variety of shades and states. This is the existence of nature. In the poem "Yesterday" Tyutchev depicts Sunbeam, the movement of the beam, how it gradually made its way into the room, “grabbed the blanket,” “climbed onto the bed,” we feel its touch.
Nature is always close to us and easy to perceive. And this is its extraordinary charm. With more deep penetration However, one can see that behind the external simplicity there is hidden a majestic world, full of harmony and beauty, which amazes the reader with its perfection. And most importantly, this world is alive. Nature for Tyutchev is a temple. But not dead, created from stone by human hands, but full of life, natural and spiritual. Tyutchev does not have “dead nature” - it is always full of movement, imperceptible at first glance, but in fact continuous, almost eternal. And Tyutchev bows to this movement of life, thanks to which, perhaps, man exists:
Nature does not know about the past,
Our ghostly years are alien to her,
And in front of her we are vaguely aware
Ourselves are just a dream of nature.
Tyutchev's shortest poems are almost always the most successful. His sense of nature is unusually subtle, alive and true. Tyutchev’s comparisons of the human world with the related world of nature are never strained and cold, do not respond in a didactic tone, do not try to serve as an explanation of some ordinary thought that appeared in the author’s head and was accepted by him as his own discovery. In addition to all this, a subtle taste is noticeable in Tyutchev - the fruit of a multifaceted education, reading and rich life experience.
But where Tyutchev is a perfect master, who has few others like himself, is in the depiction of pictures of nature. There is, of course, no plot more hackneyed by poets all over the world. Fortunately, the plot itself, that is, nature itself, is not at all vulgarized by this, and its effect on the human spirit is no less irresistible. No matter how many thousands of writers try to convey to us its language, it will always and forever sound fresh and new, as soon as the soul of the poet comes into direct communication with the soul of nature. That is why Tyutchev’s paintings are filled with the same immortal beauty as nature itself is immortal.
There is in the initial autumn
A short but wonderful time:
The whole day is like crystal
And the evenings are radiant.
Where the vigorous sickle walked and the ear fell,
Now everything is empty: space is everywhere, -
Only a web of thin hair
Glistens on the idle furrow.
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But the first winter storms are still far away,
And pure and quiet azure flows
To a resting field.
Nothing can be added here; any new feature would be superfluous. This “thin hair of a cobweb” is enough to resurrect in the reader’s memory the former feeling of such autumn days in all its completeness.
Or this, the other side of autumn:
There are in the brightness of autumn evenings
Touching, mysterious charm:
The ominous shine and diversity of trees,
Crimson leaves languid, light rustle,
Misty and quiet azure
Over the sad orphaned land,
And like a premonition of autumn storms,
Gusty, cold wind at times.
Damage, exhaustion, and everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being we call.
The sublime modesty of suffering...
Not to mention the beautiful, graceful image of “shameful suffering” - the image into which Tyutchev’s feeling was transformed autumn evening, this very evening is reproduced with such precise, albeit few, features that it’s as if you yourself feel and experience all its eerie charm.
This motif was repeated by Tyutchev in another, but autumn is more touching, gentle and sympathetic:
Enveloped in a thing of drowsiness,
The half-naked forest is sad;
Of the summer leaves perhaps the hundredth,
Shining with autumn gilding,
There is still rustling on the branch.
The same truth is in this picture of autumn:
So sometimes in the autumn,
When the fields are already empty, the groves are bare,
Pale sky, cloudier than the valley, -
Suddenly the wind blows, warm and damp,
The fallen leaf will be driven before it,
And he will pour over your soul as if in spring...
It is the warm and damp wind. This is exactly what you need. It seems like such simple words, but this is the dignity, this is the beauty: they are simple, like the truth itself.
Here are some more examples of Tyutchev’s depiction of nature:
The hazy afternoon lazily breathes,
The river rolls lazily
In spirit, in relation to life - Fyodor Tyutchev is a modern poet, the questions of the eternity of the world sound so piercingly and timely today, reflections on the place of man in the Universe, on the joy and happiness bestowed by love and nature, on human experiences and suffering that cannot be avoided in life. Man and nature occupy a special place in Tyutchev’s lyrics: they always seem to be outside the era, outside a specific time. The inner world and development are important and interesting for him, because in Tyutchev’s view, nature and man are parts of a single whole.
The theme of man and nature in Tyutchev’s lyrics
Landscape lyrics of the poet.
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language...
For the poet, nature is always alive, thinking and feeling, and this is poetically expressed in various metaphors: “the azure of the sky is laughing,” “the sun ... glanced from under its brows at the fields,” “the thunderclaps are getting angrier and bolder,” “the trees tremble joyfully, bathing in the blue sky "
The epithets are always varied and accurate, and sometimes unexpected: “soporific-silent” fields, the evening is “...infant-carefree”, sometimes “madly playful”, autumn evenings are “touching, mysterious charm”, “boundless darkness” of autumn.
The comparisons used by Tyutchev are often unconventional, and therefore give the poems a special artistic charm: the radiance of the White Mountain, “like an unearthly revelation,” the stars burn, “as on the first day of creation,” and the gloomy night, “like a steadfast beast, looks out from every bush.” "
The landscapes and descriptions of nature are so capacious, multifaceted and deep that they paint in the reader’s imagination full-fledged pictures, as if they had seen them themselves. One has only to read, for example, the lines:
Already a hot ball of the sun
The earth rolled off its head,
And peaceful evening fire
The sea wave swallowed
or familiar from childhood:
Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life
And now, from the category of readers, we imperceptibly and somehow instantly become participants, grateful contemplators of what is happening in nature
But no matter how accurate and vivid Tyutchev’s description is, there is always something else in it that makes you think about what you heard, some deeper meaning.
Nature in Tyutchev’s lyrics as part of the universe
For such a master as Tyutchev, a simple description, a statement of the fact of the existence of living nature, its beauty would be too simple. Yes, the poet always admires, admires and reveres nature, but the most important thing, starting from the early poems, is thinking about the world, the opportunity to penetrate into the secrets of existence.
The poet thinks and feels much more voluminously, deeply, the world of nature and man in Tyutchev’s lyrics is part of the universe, the Cosmos, the eternity of which is undoubted. That is why it is always there in poems philosophical meaning. “Everything is in me, and I am in everything!
“- this is how the poet feels and speaks about it publicly.
Wonderful day! Centuries will pass -
They will also be in the eternal order,
The river flows and sparkles
And the fields to breathe in the heat.The past - did it ever happen?
What is now - will it always be?..
It will pass -
It will pass, as it all passed,
And sinks into a dark crater -
Year after year.
Year after year, century after century...
...But with a new summer - a new cereal
And a different leaf.
And again everything that is will be
And the roses will bloom again,
And thorns too...
The world of nature and man in Tyutchev’s lyrics is a single whole
The world of nature and man in Tyutchev’s lyrics dissolve into each other. The poet conveys the experiences, the mental state of the lyrical hero, the complex and contradictory inner world of man using images of nature, and the history of man in Tyutchev’s work is viewed precisely through the prism of his connection with nature, through an understanding of the transience of earthly life and the eternity of universal life.
Nature is always impartial - this is the poet’s belief, from which the lines appear:
Nature does not know about the past,
Our ghostly years are alien to her,
And in front of her we are vaguely aware
Ourselves are just a dream of nature.
One by one all your children,
Those who accomplish their useless feat,
She equally greets her
An all-consuming and peaceful abyss.
Therefore, the poet himself, as a rule, looks at the course of history dispassionately, detachedly, realizing that they cannot change the balance of nature and the entire universe.
Addressing, for example, the Decembrists, he says:
Maybe you hoped
That your blood will become scarce,
To melt the eternal pole!
Barely, smoking, she sparkled
On the centuries-old mass of ice,
The iron winter has died -
And there were no traces left.
On the other hand, becoming a witness to historical collisions means for a seeker who knows about the eternity of the Universe to become involved in the process of peacemaking. “Blessed is he who visited this world in its fatal moments!”
Thus, as Tyutchev shows the changing world of nature: not standing still, with its storms and calms, orderliness and chaos, this is how he sees and strives to convey the restless world of the human soul. The poet pays tribute to the value of human life, his ability to think and create, but clearly sees the helplessness before the elements in his own soul.
Equanimity in everything,
Consonance is complete in nature, -
Only in our illusory freedom
We are aware of the discord with her.Where and how did the discord arise?
And why in the general choir
The soul doesn’t sing like the sea,
And the thinking reed murmurs?
In Tyutchev's poetry there are many contrasts and opposing forces: chaos - harmony, day - night, earth - sky, but these concepts are not identified with good - evil. They are opposed and interconnected at the same time, flow into one another, are reflected in each other, without existing separately. So, for example, “there is melodiousness in the waves of the sea, harmony in spontaneous disputes.”
Light and dark sides souls for Tyutchev are equivalent, like day and night, they are a manifestation of human nature, but it is in struggle that a person can find his way. “Two voices” always sound within us, and choosing whether to simply go with the flow, or to overcome circumstances in a struggle and improve, without striving for peace, to seek the meaning of existence on Earth is the destiny of only man.
Take courage, O friends, fight diligently,
Although the battle is unequal, the fight is hopeless!
…
Take courage, fight, O brave friends,
No matter how cruel the battle, no how stubborn the struggle!
Silent circles of stars above you,
Below you are mute, deaf coffins.
Let the Olympians have an envious eye
They watch the struggle of unyielding hearts.
Who fell, defeated only by Fate,
He snatched the victorious crown from their hands.
The poet is not always optimistic; philosophical thoughts about the mysteries of the universe disturb him, and over time, depress him. Sometimes, in search of the meaning of life, in moments of despair, he begins to doubt the need for the search.
Everything is without a trace - and it’s so easy not to be!
With me or without me - what is the need?
Everything will be the same - and the blizzard will howl the same,
And the same darkness, and the same steppe all around.
But even in these moments, assuming that in reality there are no mysteries, Tyutchev still considers nature a sphinx, whose secret can be approached, but not comprehended.
Nature - sphinx. And the more faithful she is
His temptation destroys a person,
What may happen, no longer
There is no riddle and she never had one.
And yet the desire to know the true secrets of the existence of the world, confidence in the integrity of the world, in the fact that man is one with nature, the acuity of feelings and perception of the environment do not leave Tyutchev:
Whatever life teaches us,
But the heart believes in miracles:
There is endless strength
There is also imperishable beauty.And the withering of the earth
He will not touch unearthly flowers,
And from the midday heat
The dew will not dry on them.And this faith will not deceive
The one who only lives by it,
Not everything that bloomed here will fade,
Not everything that was here will pass!
Life lessons from Tyutchev's lyrics
The legacy of Fyodor Tyutchev is small in volume, but his contemporaries appreciated it. In one of his letters, I. Turgenev sincerely shared his attitude towards the poet’s work with A. Fet: “He who does not feel him does not think about Tyutchev, thereby proving that he does not feel poetry.” L. Tolstoy wrote emotionally in a letter to his children’s teacher: “So don’t forget to get Tyutchev. You can't live without him." And the philosopher P. Florensky wrote the following: “It’s time, finally, to understand that praise for Tyutchev is not a non-binding word, but, when said sincerely, it implies innumerable world-class consequences.” He wrote insightfully about the poems of Tyutchev and A. Fet: “Each of them is the sun, that is, an original, shining world...”.
“The main advantage of Mr. F. Tyutchev’s poems lies in their lively, graceful, plastically correct depiction of nature. He loves her passionately, understands her perfectly, the most subtle, elusive features and shades of her are accessible to him, and all this is excellently reflected in his poems,” wrote N. A. Nekrasov, highly appreciating Tyutchev’s lyrics of nature and calling the poet's talent is “primary poetic talent.”
F.I. Tyutchev especially loved spring and autumn nature, symbolizing rebirth and withering. He created unique images: thunderstorms, spring waters, the night sea, etc.
Tyutchev’s poem “Autumn Evening” is remarkable - a kind of lyrical reflection evoked by the beauty of nature falling asleep. In it, nature appears in its magnificent festive decoration, the author emphasizes its “touching, mysterious charm.” The poet paints images of the sky, wind, trees, leaves, clear evening. The intonation of the entire poem is soft, soothing, creating a feeling of peace and harmony. Only the “ominous shine and variegation of the trees” and the “gusty, cold wind” foreshadow the approach of late autumn, which is not so calm and sweet. In the poem, Tyutchev humanizes nature, speaks about it in the language of metaphors. This landscape of a clear autumn evening is truly captivating.
A striking contrast to this poem is Tyutchev’s famous hymn to the thunderstorm (“Spring Thunderstorm”). The thunderstorm rumbles, plays, frolics, joyfully proclaiming the awakening of spring nature. By pumping up a trembling sound, Tyutchev conveys the strength and power of a natural phenomenon: “Young peals are thundering...”.
Metaphors help the poet to bring the picture to life: “rain pearls”, “the sun gilds the threads”.
The thunderstorm makes us remember the gods - Tyutchev introduces the image of the goddess Hebe, spilling her “thundering cup” onto the earth.
Distinctive feature Tyutchev's lyrics - a comparison of natural phenomena with human experiences. The poet compares the inexhaustible power and vitality of the key (“The stream has thickened and dimmed ...”) with the spark of life that always flickers in the “orphaned chest”, happy love- with the northern summer, the breath of spring in the middle of autumn - with memories of youth...
The image of the sea appears more than once in the poet’s lyrics. Contemplation of the sea was truly exciting for Tyutchev. Bright to that evidence is the poem “How good you are, O night sea..”, of which the great poet left five versions.
Tyutchev also dedicated the poem “You, my sea wave...” to the sea. The poet is captivated by the willfulness and love of life of the wave, its secret charm, he trusts his soul to it. The wave either laughs, “reflecting the vault of the sky,” then furiously beats against the shore, then whispers affectionately, then murmurs violently, it is “now gloomy, now bright.” Alive animate being she appears in this poem.
According to V. Ya. Bryusov, “Tyutchev’s poems about nature are almost always a passionate declaration of love. It seems to Tyutchev that the highest bliss available to man is to admire the diverse manifestations of the life of nature.”
The theme of nature has always been of interest to many Russian poets and occupied one of the main places in their work. A. S. Pushkin admired the colorful landscapes, and the romantic M. Yu. Lermontov praised the natural grandeur and elements. Each artist had his own perception of this complex phenomenon. Poems about nature written by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev are marked by a special feeling of youthful life. Like many poets, Tyutchev believed that man is a destructive principle in nature. A person is weak both physically and spiritually; he cannot resist his passions and vices. This makes his actions chaotic and disorderly, and his desires fickle and inexplicable.
These contradictions do not exist in the life of nature, where everything is subject to a single, universal law of life. Nature is self-sufficient, its existence is serene and calm, which is expressed in the poems of Russian poets, including Tyutchev.
Tyutchev's lyrics occupy a special place in Russian poetry. In his fresh and excitingly attractive poems, the beauty of poetic images is combined with the depth of thought and the sharpness of philosophical generalizations. Lyrics
Tyutchev is a small particle of a large whole, but this small is not perceived separately, but as being in relationship with the whole world and at the same time carrying within itself independent idea. Tyutchev's nature is poetic and spiritual. She is alive, she can feel, be happy and sad:
The sun is shining, the waters are sparkling,
Smile in everything, life in everything,
The trees tremble joyfully
Bathing in the blue sky.
The spiritualization of nature, endowing it with human feelings, gives rise to the perception of nature as a huge human being. This is especially evident in the poem “Summer Evening”. The poet associates sunset with a “hot ball” that the earth rolled off its head; Tyutchev’s “bright stars” lift the firmament.
And a sweet thrill, like a stream,
Nature ran through my veins,
How hot are her legs?
The spring waters have touched.
The poem “Autumn Evening” is similar in theme. In it one can hear the same spirituality of nature, the perception of it in the form of a living organism:
There are in the brightness of autumn evenings
Touching, mysterious charm:
The ominous shine and diversity of trees,
A languid, light rustle of crimson leaves...
The picture of an autumn evening is full of living, quivering breath. Evening nature not only resembles a living being in some individual signs: “...there is that gentle smile of withering on everything, which in a rational being we call the divine modesty of suffering,” it is all alive and humanized. That is why the rustle of the leaves is light and languid, the lightness of the evening is full of inexplicable attractive charm, and the earth is not only
sad, but also humanly orphaned. Depicting nature as a living being, Tyutchev endows it not only with a variety of colors, but also with movement. The poet paints not just one state of nature, but
shows it in a variety of shades and states. This is what can be called being, the being of nature. In the poem “Yesterday” Tyutchev depicts a ray of sunshine. We not only see the movement of the beam, how it gradually made its way into the room, “grabbed the blanket,” and “climbed onto the bed,” but we also feel its touch.
Tyutchev's poetry always strives upward, as if in order to experience eternity, to join the beauty of unearthly revelation:
“And there, in solemn peace, exposed in the morning,
The White Mountain shines like an unearthly revelation≫.
Maybe that’s why Tyutchev’s symbol of purity and truth is the sky.
In the poem “The feast is over, the choirs have fallen silent...,” first a generalized image of the world is given:
The feast is over, we got up late -
The stars in the sky were shining
The night has reached half...
The second part, as it were, lifts the curtain. The theme of the sky, only slightly outlined at the beginning, now sounds strong and confident:
….Like over this child of the valley,
In the lofty mountainous region
The stars were shining brightly,
Answering mortal glances
With immaculate rays...
One of the main themes of Tyutchev’s nature lyrics is the theme of night. Many of Tyutchev’s poems are dedicated to nature not just at different times of the year, but also at different times of the day, in particular at night. Here nature carries a philosophical meaning. It helps to penetrate into the “secret secrets” of a person. Tyutchev’s night is not just beautiful, its beauty is majestic, for the poet it is, first of all, holy: “The holy night has risen into the sky...” There are so many secrets and mysteries in it:
...Above the sleeping city, as in the tops of the forest,
A wonderful nightly hum woke up...
Where does it come from, this incomprehensible hum?..
Or mortal thoughts freed by sleep,
The world is incorporeal, audible but invisible,
Now swarming in the chaos of the night?...
The breakthrough of the vital forces of the elements is clearly visible in the poem “Spring Thunderstorm,” which is permeated with a feeling of new life, renewal, and joy. It is no coincidence that the words “first”, “young”, “fun”, “laughter”, etc. are repeated here. They convey the flourishing of natural life. A thunderstorm is a grandiose moment, an element, its violence is natural. The very word “spring” already tells us about the birth and development of new life. The poem “How joyful is the roar of summer storms...” is imbued with a similar motif. The thunderstorm here is shown as a sudden phenomenon. Epithets and metaphors vividly convey the scope and power of awakened nature (“swept up”, “surging”, “rashly madly”, “trembling”, “broad-leafed and noisy”). The poem “The Sea and the Cliff,” filled with philosophical reflections, has a different tone. The power of nature is no longer directed towards self-renewal, as was stated in early lyrics, but towards destruction; here its dark, aggressive side is shown. And an unattainable ideal, and a symbol of eternal youth, and the personification of an indifferent force beyond the control of man - in such a contradiction the great poet of the 19th century F. I. Tyutchev saw the true beauty and essence of the natural element.
Pisarev wrote that “Tyutchev entered the minds of readers primarily as a singer of nature” and, indeed, his skill in describing nature is amazing. Thanks to his poetic talent, Tyutchev unerringly selects vivid comparisons and epithets for her, finds in the most ordinary phenomena that which serves as the most accurate mirror image of the beauty and grandeur of nature.
Tyutchev's poetry can be sublime and earthly, joyful and sad, lively and cosmically cold, but always unique, one that cannot be forgotten if you at least once touch its beauty. “I don’t think about Tyutchev”
the one who doesn’t feel it wails, thereby proving that he doesn’t feel poetry.” These words of Turgenev perfectly show the magnificence of Tyutchev’s poetry.
Man and the Universe, the meaning of life, the relationship between man and nature, chaos and Space, life, love... Eternal themes that have worried writers and poets at all times. They also worried F.I. Tyutcheva. But the images that the poet chose to embody his thoughts, the style of presentation, the depth and significance of the meaning he put into each line distinguish him from all other authors. Many of Tyutchev's poems are momentary impressions. In instant sensations, he tried to express all of himself, his thoughts and feelings, his experiences and anxieties, his perception of the world, which is often built on parallels and comparisons of human life and the natural world.
The charm of Russian nature entered the poet’s heart in his youth, when he lived on his family estate - the village of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province. Later, this feeling was strengthened when the young diplomat came from decorous Munich to Russia, when he finally returned to his homeland. Nature forever entered Tyutchev’s poetry and became the main object of his reproduction. He never tired of admiring the forest in bad autumn weather or the expanse of fields greeting early spring...
In Russian lyric poetry it is difficult to find an artist in whose work the natural world would occupy such a significant place, but in his poems Tyutchev sought not so much to depict the landscape as to express his experience in connection with it, his caring attitude towards it. He constantly rethought the pictures of nature he saw.
Tyutchev's works are distinguished by their special depth, unique intonations and shades of feelings. He has rare, vigilantly seen subtle landscape details like the “web of fine hair” that “glitters on an idle furrow” - a poetic detail that delighted L.N. Tolstoy, but there is always a “heartfelt” thought, deep and strong.
One of these deep and powerful thoughts is the judgment about the chaos contained in nature. This chaos appears before the poet’s gaze in the form of an incomprehensible mystery and is revealed in the stormy natural elements.
For example, in the early poem “What are you howling about, night wind?..”, the poet, listening to the sounds of this element, strives to unravel the mystery hidden in the chaos of the natural world:
What are you howling about, night wind?
Why are you complaining so madly?
Either dully plaintive or noisy?
The poet wants to merge with the “terrible songs”, with the “limitless” that is felt in them, he wants to experience the “ancient chaos”, and at the same time the night howl frightens him, revealing terrible forces and abysses:
ABOUT! don’t wake up sleeping storms -
Chaos is stirring beneath them!..
From this furious wind howling at night, a similar storm, chaos, rebellious thoughts and passions are born in the human soul.
Everything in this poem is woven from contradictions. The voice of the wind is “strange”, but speaks “in a language understandable to the heart”; his songs are “terrible”, but his story is “favorite”; chaos is terrible, but it is also “darling”. But such contradictions - characteristic Tyutchev’s poetry is artistically justified: the kindred “night soul” of man rushes towards the “night wind”.
The poet turns to the “infinite”, sublime in nature, and the language of the poem acquires a high sound: book words appear - “chaos”, “wind”, “lament”, repetitions become frequent. The emotional upsurge is reflected in the use of the interjection “o” of questions, exclamations, repeated conjunctions, innuendoes...
Tyutchev manages to masterfully combine the conciseness of his poems and the power of feeling, which instantly embraces everyone who reads his lines. This is probably the peculiarity of the author’s worldview, who did not just write poetry, he thought in poetic language. And that’s why his thoughts poured out into such harmonious melodic lines:
The holy night has risen into the sky,
And a joyful day, a kind day,
She wove herself like a golden shroud,
A veil thrown over the abyss.
It is no coincidence that, speaking about Tyutchev’s poetry, I.S. Turgenev noted “the genuineness of his inspiration,” “the poetic breath that emanates from his pages.”
Tyutchev is attracted to nature by its constant renewal. He is able to sincerely rejoice at the appearance of the first leaves on bushes and trees, illuminated by the rays of the sun, to feel how in spring “the air breathes,” to hear how the wind “sways the stem in the field” and “the spruce branches move.” The poet sees a thunderstorm as a vivid expression of the renewal of life, when light gives way to darkness, flashes of lightning and then light again, when heat alternates with freshness, and silence with thunderclaps.
The natural element in the poem “Spring Thunderstorm” is presented in all its auditory, tactile and visual perceptibility. We see how “rain pearls hang, and the sun gilds the threads,” we feel the splashing rain and flying dust; We hear the “mountain noise” of young peals, the bird’s never-ending “forest din”.
The bright images in the poet’s poems not only sparkle and shine, they seem to sing, penetrating not so much with words as with real music into our hearts:
When the first thunder of spring
As if frolicking and playing.
Rumbling in the blue sky...
The poet subordinates all phonetic means of language to the transfer of the music of the May thunderstorm: the syllable “gro-” is repeated: thunderstorm, thunder, rumbles; The sound “r” rumbles: the first, frolicking, playing; the loud “g” makes noise, the melodious “o” and “a” echo, which, according to the observation of the poet Vs. A. Rozhdestvensky, convey a feeling of spaciousness and lightness. Before us is not just a picture of a thunderstorm that delighted and amazed a subtle soul - it is a transfer of joyful renewal in nature, a victorious affirmation of spring, a triumph of youth and beauty.
Throughout his life, the poet never ceased to admire the surrounding beauty and strove to convey all the greatness, all the splendor of the surrounding world, to convey this beauty to readers with the help of unique intonations, melodic, singing and ringing sounds, tones and halftones. Tyutchev loved spring - as an expression of beauty and fullness of life, as a triumph of the new, strong, bright. The same idea of awakening and renewal in nature permeates the poem “Spring Waters,” familiar to us from childhood (Spring is coming, spring is coming!..), when reading which we involuntarily become imbued with the same feelings that the author experiences.
Tyutchev does not give a complete and accurate description of events and phenomena. It only guides us to a certain perception of what is happening. His poems make you not only think and reflect, but also feel, experience, feel, plunging into the magical world of sounds, smells, colors and emotions. With a subtle interweaving of images, hints, and intonations, Tyutchev, as a talented artist of words, introduces us to a special world of hidden, invisible inner understanding of the essence. It is this smooth, imperceptible immersion of the reader into the depths of the world, the depths of phenomena, sometimes even himself, that is one of the most important features of Tyutchev’s poetry. Let's listen to the wonderful lines of the poem "Morning in the Mountains":
The azure of heaven laughs,
Washed by the night thunderstorm,
And it winds dewy between the mountains
The valley is a light stripe.
Only higher mountains up to half
Fogs cover the slope,
Like air ruins
The magic of created chambers.
How subtly the words and characteristics are chosen here, how skillfully, with the help of just a few strokes, the poet immerses us in the vast expanses of mountain valleys and in the depths of the azure sky.
But Tyutchev’s poems about nature do not always carry light delight, fun, carelessness and tranquility. The poet's work incorporates deep philosophical reflections about the essence of man, the meaning of life, the mystery of the world, the Universe. And often a feeling of anxiety, melancholy, fear of the unknown bursts into the poet’s works with completely different intonations, as, for example, in the poem “Day and Night”:
And the abyss is laid bare to us
With your fears and darkness,
And there are no barriers between her and us -
This is why the night is scary for us.
A tragic worldview is as characteristic of Tyutchev as an intoxication with a thirst for life. And this brings his work closer to the work of great composers, who could reflect in one work both the joy of a spring drop and the anxiety of foreboding and expectation of something terrible and inevitable.
The emotional world of Tyutchev’s nature lyrics is as rich, varied and rich as the human soul itself. Nature is close and akin to man because she herself is spiritualized: for the poet she is a feeling and thinking being, capable of not only being born, renewing and dying, but also experiencing, speaking, shouting, being indignant, laughing and admiring. This is the subject of the poem “Not what you think, nature...”, in which the poet speaks about the fullness of being in natural world and the richness of the experiences of this existence:
Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language.
Tyutchev enters into polemics with skeptics who do not recognize this completeness of natural life. And the poet, unlike them, is able not only to admire nature, but also to vividly sense its secrets, its indignant storms, its demonic “gestures”, voices, “actions”, “feelings”. Behind the external edification of the lines, deep poetic content emerges. The artist sees rays penetrating into the very soul, feels the blossoming of spring, the ripening of fruit, hears the talk of the forest, the conversation of the stars, the meeting of the thunderstorm, the unearthly tongues of the rivers. Tyutchev's pantheism is reflected in many of his works about nature, and that is why his nature is so polyphonic, saturated with colors, sounds, and fragrances.
Tyutchev’s depiction of nature is inseparable from philosophical reflection about it. The miniature “Nature is a sphinx. And the stronger it is...” is filled with wise thoughts about the essence of nature: she is a mystery, a sphinx that destroys a person, or “She does not and never had a riddle.” In the mystery of nature lies its poetic charm. It is both mysterious and clear in its animation, it is chaotic and harmonious at the same time. Again we have before us a “heartfelt” thought, deep and strong, warmed by a feeling of “love.” V. Bryusov was right when he noted that “admiring the diverse manifestations of the life of nature” seems to Tyutchev “the highest bliss available to man.”
