Primrose is a spring flower on your windowsill. Primula vulgare

The first flowers welcome spring with us. For the most part, these are representatives of bulbous plants. They are tender, fragile and a little cold, just like the first spring months. Therefore, against the background of these flowers, the perennial primrose especially stands out, from which it breathes the warmth of the sun and the promise of a long-awaited summer.

Primrose or primrose (Primula) family Primroses are rhizomatous herbaceous low perennial plants that bloom mainly in spring, although there are some summer-flowering species. Whole wrinkled leaves have a slight edge; they form a basal rosette. Flowering stems do not have leaves. The flowers come in a surprisingly diverse range of colors, sometimes in two or even three colors. They are located singly on peduncles or form various inflorescences. After flowering, a capsule fruit with small dark brown seeds is formed. All species reproduce well by seed, and many by dividing the bush. You can find out more about caring for primroses.

This flower is distributed all over the world, therefore it has many species, more than four hundred. In almost every country it is shrouded in legends and myths and is considered medicinal and mystical. For their early flowering, primroses are called spring primroses, for their wavy, pubescent leaves - “rams”, and also “keys”, since the inflorescence resembles a bunch of small keys.

In the spring, missing warmth and flowers, we greet bulbous primroses with special tenderness and joy. The largest of...

Classifications of primroses

Although primroses have been well studied and described by botanists, their enormous diversity makes classification quite difficult.

A single universal classification has not yet been created. Officially, the genus primrose is divided into 7 subgenera: Sphondylia, Auricullastrum, Primula, Auganthus, Carolinella, Aleuritia, Craibia.

These plants differ from each other in shape, size, color of flowers and leaves, type of inflorescences, flowering dates, that is, morphological characteristics. On this basis, 23 (sometimes 30 or 38) sections or groups were identified.

The English Royal Horticultural Society has compiled its own, easier-to-use classification, which divides primroses into 3 large groups.

For practical use, flower growers have divided them into groups based on the shape of the inflorescences and their location.

Let us briefly consider these classification options.

Classification according to morphological characteristics

As we have already indicated above, the classification of primroses according to external signs allocates 23-38 sections. Let's consider only those species that can be grown in our country (approximately in the middle zone).

1. Powdery primrose

Mealy primrose (Primula fariaosa, Aleuritia). Characteristic feature This group is the presence of a white or yellow coating on plants. Small flowers form umbrella inflorescences. These are moisture-loving plants that require little shelter for the winter and are short-lived. This section includes more than 80 species.

Powdery primrose
Primrose Hallera

Let's name just a few of them. This is a native of the Balkans, dense-leaved primrose (Primula frondosa), originally from the Alpine and Carpathian mountains, Haller's primrose (Primula halleri), mealy primrose (Primula fariaosa) grows in the Far East, the north of the European part of Russia, the north of Mongolia and in the mountains of Western Europe.

2. Primrose OREOPHLOMIS

Primrose pink

Primrose OREOPHLOMIS (Primula Oreophlomis) - this section includes low, early-flowering species. Distinctive features of this group are smooth leaves with a serrated edge and bright pink flowers with a small yellow eye.

The group most clearly represents the pink primrose (Primula rosea). Lover of wet soils from the Himalayas. Young leaves with serrated edges have a bronze tint, but gradually become light green. The peduncles are short and at first it seems that the flowers lie on the leaves, but gradually grow to 15 cm. Small (about 1 cm) pink flowers bloom in May.

On sale you can find the Rosea Grandiflora variety with large flowers.

3. Primrose auricula

Primrose auricula, or auriculastrum (Primula Auricula, Auriculastrum) - this section includes 21 species native to Europe. This low growing plants with dense leaves, stems and flowers covered with a white powdery coating. The color of the buds can be lilac, yellow, pink or purple, sometimes with a white eye.

Let's present several types.

Primula auricula or ear primula (Primula auricula) - grows in the mountain meadows of southern Europe. The leaves are dense, dark green, with barely noticeable teeth along the edge, and can reach 20 cm. Traditionally, the flowers are yellow (up to 3 cm), but the hybrids amaze with the variety of colors and their combinations; there are multi-flowered varieties, as well as with contrasting eyes. All this floral splendor is collected in an umbrella at the top of the stem (10-25 cm). Long flowering April-June. May have several peduncles. The leaves and flowers are richly “powdered”.

Terry ear primrose Сrimson Glow
Terry primrose Susannah
Terry ear primrose Jupp

This species has many varieties. Except gorgeous flower, has a delicate aroma, orange-yellow variety Jupp. Reminiscent of small roses, terry primula aurica. Very beautiful with dense dark cherry flowers Сrimson Glow, soft pink with a light yellow base Susannah. An unusual Max variety, its flowers are black in the shade and take on a cherry hue in the sun.

Primrose pubescent Rubin

The pubescent primrose (Primula pubescens) is a section of large-flowered hybrids, in the selection of which the auricular, hairy (P. Villosa), sticky (P. Viscosa), and coarse-haired primroses (P. Hirsuta) took part. This group is divided into three subgroups: Belgian, English and terry auricles. They differ in the color of the eye and the presence of plaque.

Velvet ruby-cherry flower with a large yellow center in the Rubin variety, white-cream with a yellow eye in the White variety, light purple also with a yellow eye in the Violeta variety.

This section also includes small primroses (Primula minima), Delecluse (Primula clusiana), hairy primula (Primula villosa), Carniolian (Primula carniolica), stiff-haired (Primula hirsuta), edged (Primula marginata).

Primula hairy
Primrose Delescluze
Primrose carniolian

4. Cortus primroses

Corthusoid primroses (Primula Corthusoides) - unite residents of Europe, Siberia, Japan, Korea, and China. These species do not have a powdery coating, they have funnel-shaped flowers and petiolate leaves. This section includes the following types.

Primula corthusoides is our West Siberian beauty. The leaves are oval-oblong with teeth along the edge, covered with long hairs, located on long petioles. The peduncle (from 10 to 40 cm) is also pubescent. At its top the flowers are collected in a multi-flowered umbrella. The pinkish-purple petals have a deep groove in the middle. Blooms at the end of May and blooms until the end of June.

Siebold's primrose (Primula sieboldii) is a native of Japan. Very different decorative leaves, which, due to the special shape of the teeth along the edge, appear wavy. Multi-flowered umbrellas of various colors are located on peduncles 15-20 cm long. It blooms for a long time (almost 2 months) starting from the end of April. Thanks to its well-branched rhizomes, it grows quickly.

Primula Siebold Aoyagizome
Primrose Siebold Shibori Gasane

Of the original varieties, I would like to note the white variety with rare light green spots, the Aoyagizome variety, and the white variety Shibori Gasane with pink frequent streaks. The flowers of the Trade Winds variety series look like carved snowflakes.

This group also includes rock primrose (Primula saxatilis), rejected (Primula patens), polyneura (Primula polyneura).

5. Toothed primroses

Toothed primroses (Primula Denticulaia) - this section includes two species.

Primula capitata Salvana

Primrose capitata (Primula capitata) - this species is common in Tibet and India. The leaves are oblong with a blunt apex, wrinkled, collected in a basal rosette. On a peduncle (15-30 cm), a capitate inflorescence is formed from small velvet-purple flowers. The entire plant is “powdered” with a white coating. Blooms almost all summer. In our area it is used mainly as an annual plant.

Has decorative varieties such as Noverna Deep Blue, Salvana.

Primrose fine-toothed

Fine-toothed primrose (Primula denticulata) - differs from other species by its pretty ball-shaped inflorescences, consisting of small flowers of a traditional lilac color. The flower stalks grow constantly: at first they are only 2-3 cm, but gradually, by the middle of flowering they reach 20 cm, and at the end of the season even 30 cm. The whole plant is “powdered” with a yellowish coating. Serrated primrose begins to bloom in April and lasts for more than a month. Self-sows and overwinters well.

Fine-toothed primrose is represented by various decorative varieties. Dense balls of small flowers with tiny yellow eyes are deep pink in Deep Rose, lilac-blue in Cashmeriana, deep crimson in Rubra. Primrose "Alba" will delight you with small white clouds.

Has the primrose fine-toothed variety series. For example, Corolla, “Pon-pon” consist of different colors (white, purple, red).

6. Primrose Julia

Primrose Julia (Julia) - this section includes actually one species. Primrose Průgonica is often included in this group.

Primula Julia (Primula juliae) comes from Eastern Transcaucasia. This is a miniature plant (10 cm). The leaves are oval, with rounded teeth along the edge, located on long petioles. Lilac-violet flowers (up to 3 cm) are located one at a time at the top of the peduncle. They have a rather long flower tube (2 cm) and a deep groove in the middle of the petal. It blooms early in April and lasts for more than a month.

Primrose Julia Sneeuwwitje
Primrose Julia Riga-6

There are many varieties and hybrids of this species. Popular variety Sneeuwwitje with snow-white petals and a lemon eye. The pleasant lilac-blue color contrasts well with the yellow eye of the hybrid variety Blue Julianas. An old but very attractive variety, Riga-6, the warmth of spring is reflected in its rich pink petals and yellow-orange center.

Pruhonician primrose (Primula pruhoniciana) is a hybrid of Julia primrose (Primula juliae) and other species. For example, raspberry-violet with a bright yellow eye Wanda.

7. Primrose muscarioides

Primrose muscarioides is a section of plants native to Tibet and the Himalayas. They are most often grown as biennials. Their distinctive feature is their long, pointed inflorescences, which are uncharacteristic of primroses.

Vial primrose or orchid primrose (Primula vialii) - this species is quite difficult to take root in our climate, but it is worth a little effort. The leaves are long, lanceolate (up to 30 cm), with teeth along the edge and very weak pubescence. The peduncle is covered with a powdery coating and grows up to 20 cm (in our area up to 15 cm). The inflorescence, somewhat reminiscent of a small ear of corn, consists of many rich red buds, which, gradually blooming (from bottom to top), turn into soft lilac flowers with a pleasant light scent. Flowering continues from June to July.

This group also includes the muscarian primrose (Primula muscarioides). This summer-flowering species is very rare in our country.

8. Primrose

Primrose (Primula) - this section with a general name includes species of European and Asia Minor origin, which completely lack powdery coating. Plants of this group are very common in decorative floriculture.

Primula tall - plants native to central Europe and the Carpathian Mountains. The oval-oblong leaves look wrinkled due to depressed veins. Leaf blade (from 5 to 20 cm) with a serrated edge and sparse hairs. The peduncle is slightly pubescent (10-35 cm). Small yellow flowers with a dark center form a slightly drooping umbrella inflorescence. Flowering continues for about two months, starting in mid-April. Hybrids have larger flowers and incredibly varied colors.

Primrose tall Piano Rose Bicolor
Primrose high Victoriana Gold Lace Black

Now this species has many variety series. For example, “Piano” includes Piano Red, Blue, White, Yellow, Orange, Fire, and even the beautiful bicolor pink and yellow Piano Rose Bicolor. Thanks to its tall peduncles, the primrose "Erfurt giants" ("Big Ben") is even suitable for cutting.

Of the hybrids, I would like to note the so-called “lace” varieties - “Queen’s Lace”, Silver Lace Black, Victoriana Gold Lace Black. The rather dark petals of these varieties are framed by a thin whitish border, so the inflorescences appear delicate.

Polyantha primrose, or multi-flowered primrose (Primula poliantha) - this species is very similar to tall primrose (Primula elatior), only its flowers are much larger (about 5-6 cm), flowering occurs later (late May-June), there is a pleasant aroma. This species is much more tender and can freeze in winter, so a large number of such hybrids are grown as potted crops.

Primula polyanthus "Francesca"

The Blue Jeans variety is very popular; its white petals are densely filled with blue veins. The Faye variety series stands out for its striking combination of shades, and the SuperNova variety series stands out for its very early flowering. One of the most original hybrid varieties is “Francesca”, the owner of corrugated flowers of a lemon-green hue with a yellow eye.

Spring primrose (Primula veris) is an exclusively European species, which in the old days was called forest or medicinal primrose; it is still used for medicinal purposes. The leaves are oval, wrinkled (with depressed veins), uneven teeth along the edge make them slightly wavy. The lower part of the leaf may be slightly pubescent. The bright yellow flower with an orange center has a long calyx. The flowers at the top of the slightly hairy peduncle form a one-sided umbrella. Blooms from April to June. Numerous varieties have a wide variety of colors and can also be double. Spring primrose is a very unpretentious species, however, it requires pollination by insects.

Spring primrose
Spring primrose

For example, golden sun splashes are reminiscent of the yellow flowers of the Cabrillo Yellow variety, and the “Spring Palette” variety mixture will delight you with joyful colors.

Common or stemless primrose (Primula vulgaris/acaulis) - grows in the south of our country and Europe. The leaves are oval, elongated (5-25 cm), wrinkled. At the top of the low peduncles (6-20 cm) there are single flowers, most often yellow, sometimes white with a purple center. The petals resemble a heart divided into two halves. This species blooms actively, so the plants look very attractive. Primula acaulis has many hybrids that have amazing colors, but are less resistant to weather conditions.

Primula stemless Blue Zebra

Primula stemless "Potsdam giants" stands out among others with large flowers on a very small bush (15 cm). And terry primrose “Primlet” looks like bouquets of cute little roses in stunningly beautiful colors. The flowers of the terry variety series “Rosanna” are a little reminiscent of azaleas. The Blue Zebra variety has a very original color - a bright contrast of a golden-yellow eye with striped blue-white petals.

Primula acaulis is very often used for growing at home.

This section also includes large-cup primrose (Primula macrocalyx), lovely (Primula amoena), Pallas (Primula pallasii), Voronova (Primula woronowii), Komarov (Primula komarovii), Ruprecht (Primula ruprechtii), Abkhazian (Primula abchasica), Sibtorpa ( Primula Sibthorpii).

Primrose is lovely
Primula macrocalyx

Primrose Sibthorpe Primula Komarova

9. Primrose candelabra

Candelabra primroses (Proliferae, Candelabra) - this section contains residents of Japan, China, India and other countries in this region. These plants are very beautiful and are summer bloomers. They grow well in our climate, but require careful shelter for the winter. Most often they are used as biennials, but if you create comfortable conditions for them, you can also grow them as perennials. They often give good self-seeding.

Primula Byssa
Primrose Bullea

Primula Bulleyana (Primula bulleyana) is a native of China, its peduncle reaches 50 cm, and the leaf blade is 40 cm. The leaves are elongated, jagged along the edge. On a tall peduncle in several tiers (from 5 to 7) there are small orange-yellow flowers.

The Byss primrose (Primula beesiana) and the powdered primrose (Primula pulverulenta) are very similar, only they are slightly larger with crimson flowers, and the latter type has a powdery coating.

Japanese primrose (Primula japonica) - this beauty can be used for cutting. Its peduncle (30-50 cm) seems to be decorated with bright crimson bracelets. Flowering begins in May from the lower tiers and lasts about 2 months.

Japanese Primrose Apple Blossom
Japanese primrose Miller's Crimson

Japanese primrose is also used in indoor floriculture as a potted crop.

The delicate apple color is reminiscent of Apple Blossom, while Miller's Crimson has deep crimson flowers with a large cherry center.

Cockburn's primrose (Primula coekburniana) also belongs to this group, but is very rarely grown in our area.

As you can see, this is a rather complex classification and it is not always convenient for an amateur gardener to use it.

Classification of the English Royal Horticultural Society

This is a more simplified version of the classification.

Group-1. Ear-shaped primroses (auricula) and all kinds of their hybrids. This group is divided into 4 subgroups.

Primula aurica

Border (flower bed) varieties are the hardiest and most resistant varieties of this group. Thanks to the strong flower stalks, they can withstand bad weather well. Their compact habit makes it possible to create low flowering borders from them, and the wide palette of colors makes them popular in the design of flower beds. May have a slight powdery coating.

Alpine auricula are also well suited for outdoor cultivation. All of them are brightly colored. The middle and tube must be the same color. Flowers with a white center tend to have petals in the violet-blue range, while if the center is golden yellow, the petals may be in the reddish-brown range. May have a light border. This subgroup does not have a powdery coating on the flowers.

Terry primrose is stunningly beautiful, but it requires more attention and care. However, it feels good in flower beds with proper care.

Exhibition varieties are hybrid, rather demanding and delicate varieties. For the most part, the flowers are covered with a powdery powdery coating, which makes them very original. However, bad weather (rain and wind) greatly damages this bloom (farina), so in Europe these show varieties are grown under cover or at home. In addition, some of them cannot winter in open ground.

Group-2. Primrose polyanthus. This group includes 2 subgroups.

Polyantha primroses. This includes all complex hybrids involving multiflorous and tall primroses.

Spring primroses, common primroses, Julias, as well as all sorts of them.

Group-3. Candelabra primroses. This group combines species with tiered inflorescences. These are Japanese, Byssa and Bulleya, as well as all their varieties.

Primula vulgare
Japanese primrose

This classification includes the most common species and varieties of primroses in decorative floriculture.

Classification by shape and arrangement of inflorescences

This is the simplest and most convenient classification for amateur gardeners, which allows you to choose varieties suitable for flower beds in terms of habit and shape.

Cushion-shaped. This group includes species with single flowers on low peduncles; they rise only slightly above the “cushion” of leaves. The most popular in decorative floriculture from this group are the common primrose, small primrose, Yulia, and Voronova.

Umbrella-shaped. In this group, the inflorescences form a one-sided or rounded umbrella on peduncles up to 20 cm. The most popular types of primrose are tall, polyanthus, auricular, spring, pink, rejected and all their hybrids.

Globular or capitate. The globular primrose forms a dense capitate inflorescence, which looks like a decorative ball on a stem that grows during flowering. This includes primrose fine-toothed, capitate and their varieties.

Candelabra or tiered. The inflorescences of this group are arranged in tiers on a tall, strong peduncle, reminiscent of ancient candelabra candlesticks. In our climate, Japanese primrose, Bullea, Byssus and powdered primrose are used.

Florinda's Primrose
Primrose sikkim

Campanulaceae. This group has a drooping inflorescence of bell-shaped yellow flowers at the top of a strong peduncle. The group is small, but planting these plants is possible along the banks of reservoirs and in poorly drained areas. These are Sikkim primrose (Primula sikkimensis) and Florinda primrose (Primula florindae).

The garden has been known to people since the era of the most ancient civilizations. However, most often these were open gardens. Winter Garden –…

Indoor primroses

We examined the garden primrose and its classifications. However, it should be noted that some species of this plant in our climate are grown as potted crops. Among them, the most common are Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis), Kyus primrose (Primula kewensis), malacoides primrose (Primula malacoides), obconical primrose (Primula obconica) and soft primrose (Primula malacoides).

Primrose obverse conical

For example, Chinese in open ground blooms in May-June, and at home - from December to March.

Perennial primrose is very diverse and beautiful. And the classifications we have considered will help you choose the variety that is suitable specifically for your garden. An educational video will complement the information.

A beautiful garden plant, pleasing with a variety of beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious nature, is known as perennial primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for growing primrose can be easily found on websites dedicated to gardening. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of care make this flower increasingly popular among both housewives and landscape design specialists.

What does a garden perennial primrose look like?

Primroses are beautiful perennial primroses.

Primrose flower is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Primrose genus. IN natural conditions it grows in northern Africa and central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system, which makes up its underground part. The leaf rosette, located in close proximity to the rhizome, consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate leaves of an oblong-oval shape. There are varieties with wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf blades of gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not the bright foliage, but the colorful flowers of the primrose. They are attached to tender stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be single, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat bend abundantly cover the bush, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, fruits form on the plant in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polysperm.

Primrose adapts well to conditions environment and can be cultivated at home in Russia.

In addition to the garden, primroses grow wonderfully at home in pots

Types and varieties of garden perennial primroses

The family Primroses (also found as Primulaceae) has more than half a thousand species, making it one of the most numerous in the world flora. It is interesting that species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. Huge variety different varieties allows gardeners to realize their wildest ideas and create amazing flower arrangements on their site. Naturally, before purchasing you should familiarize yourself with distinctive features each type to make sure that you can create for the flower the necessary conditions. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, choosing a hybrid with the desired color, inflorescence shape and leaf color will be much easier. Let's get started!

There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primroses

Primrose vulgaris (stemless)

This species is distinguished by a short rhizome consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, their width reaches 6 centimeters and their length is 25 centimeters. They can partially remain on the plant during wintering.

The common primrose has pale yellow or snow-white single flowers with a purple throat, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Petals are dicotyledonous. During the flowering period, which begins in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:

• Virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish throat;
• giga white - has white flowers;
• cerulea - rich flowers with a bright yellow throat.

Primrose stemless has a very short stem, which is where its name comes from.

It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of a rich green color with a slightly toothed border. They are covered with a slight powdery coating and can be oval or oblong. The flowers of the auricular primrose are yellow and reach up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this species more, as they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties whose buds are painted in several bright colors at once (Jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers are formed on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

Primula aurica or auricola - has large bright rosettes of flowers

It is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as primrose auricular and stiff-haired. This is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial, growing up to 15 centimeters in height. The obovate leaves are collected in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have finely toothed edges, and are also densely covered with tiny grayish villi. The leaf blade is colored on the outside green color, and on the inside it has a fawn color; the entire surface of the leaves are covered with a powdery coating. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, mealy stalks, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed towards the top.

Flowering lasts from early May to June. Hairy primrose is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures as low as -29 °C.

Primrose pubescent is a hybrid of auricular and stiff-haired primrose, which has a beautiful rosette with small villi on the petals along the edges

The plant is a bush-like perennial with large spherical inflorescences, which consist of a large number of snow-white, purple, burgundy or lilac flowers. The diameter of the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. It is interesting that at the beginning of flowering, the oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically not visible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After several weeks it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. Simultaneously with the peduncle, leaves also grow, which can increase from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the period of fruit ripening, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that fine-toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moistening them.

Primrose fine-toothed has spherical inflorescences of small flowers on a peduncle, which grows as the plant grows

Japanese primrose is a special variety, as it is somewhat different from its relatives. Firstly, it is characterized by rather late flowering, which begins in June, and not in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have a shape uncharacteristic for primroses, which breeders have dubbed candelabra. They are located on an oblong peduncle that can reach up to 40 centimeters in length. Colorful whorls, each containing 5-7 small buds, gradually begin to bloom on it. In adult primroses, the peduncle can have up to 6 tiers. It is interesting that when the upper inflorescences just begin to bloom, seeds are already forming and ripening on the lower ones.

This species is a long-flowering species, since its flowering period is on average 30-40 days. This sets it apart from other varieties and makes it so widely popular among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use Japanese primrose for cutting and forming bouquets.

Japanese primrose is a candelabra late species of primrose that begins to bloom in May, but gradually

Primula florinda

It is a perennial herbaceous plant that is distinguished by abundant flowering and unusual bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which drooping rich yellow flowers, collected in neat inflorescences, rise on long stalks. Naturally, the perennial requires a lot of effort to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. The bush should be trimmed so that no more than 3-4 powerful rosettes remain on it. If you properly care for your Florinda primula, it will thank you with long flowering, lasting from June to August. Also worth noting is the captivating aroma of flowers spreading throughout the garden. Please note that in winter the delicate flower will need shelter to protect it from frost and gusts of wind.

Primula florinda is a bell-shaped species of primrose that thrives near bodies of water.

Early flowering varieties are of particular interest to gardeners, one of the representatives of which is Primrose Voronova. The plant is a fairly compact bush, growing up to 20 centimeters. It has ovoid basal leaves and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and continues until mid-May. This graceful flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.

By planting several varieties on your site that bloom at different times, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the spring and summer.

Primula Voronova - an early small variety of the species Primula acaulis

Primrose small

This low-growing variety will definitely appeal to fans miniature plants. It looks great both as an independent plant and as an addition to flower arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, the small primrose is found in rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls in mid-May to late June. Please note that the flower should be transplanted into humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.

Small primrose is a miniature variety of primrose that most often grows in rocky areas

Primrose Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is long and abundant flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its jagged leaves are rich green. Typically used as a ground cover or border plant to crowd out unsightly weeds.

Primula Julia is a small ground cover species of primrose from Transcaucasia, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long time

It is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has oblong, wrinkled, obovate foliage. There are species with vaguely crenate or serrated leaves, forming a loose basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle emerges. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They droop slightly to one side, have a ten-toothed calyx and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence tilted to the side.

This is a long-blooming species, so enjoy bright colors you can from May to early July.

Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions

Primrose high

Perhaps the name speaks for itself: the tall primrose can grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches this size thanks to a powerful root system, which is formed by many cord-like brown roots. The leaf blades are lanceolate or ovoid in shape and covered with small wrinkles. Often the edges of the leaves of the plant are framed with small teeth, and their inner side is covered with grayish hairs. Small flowers (diameter 2-3 cm) are collected in lush umbrella-shaped brushes. Primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant several perennial bushes near the gazebo.

The main difference between tall primroses is their long peduncles.

Primrose rejected (Siebold's primrose)

This herbaceous perennial is medium in size and can reach up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, highly branched, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, toothed leaves are located on elongated petioles. Often there are hybrids whose leaf blades are densely covered with tiny fibers. Peduncles with large flowers rise majestically above the green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences, can be colored pink, purple or soft purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.

Primrose Siebold is Japanese variety primrose with serrated leaves

Pink primrose is a spring perennial that enchants with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are painted bright pink and form umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Most often this type is used to decorate lawns and borders. For fast growth and abundant flowering The bush requires loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be watered abundantly and fertilizers should be added to the soil.

Pink primrose is great for growing on an alpine hill

Primula Bisa

The bush is formed by oblong leaves of an obovate shape, collected in rosettes. The leaf blade is narrowed towards the base, has a blunt apex and is covered with small teeth along the edges. The variety is distinguished by rather dense, hard, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight powdery coating. They contain bright candelabra inflorescences consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form from 2 to 8 tiers on the peduncle. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you choose, the buds may be pink, raspberry or carmine in color.

Primula byssus is a candelabra species of primrose.

As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but the option is also possible long-term cultivation. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven serrated border and fall off in the winter. The inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. The flowers can be yellow-orange or orange in color and bloom from June to July. Primrose Bullea looks great near ponds and streams, and is also well suited for creating flower arrangements.

When placing a plant in open ground, you should take care of reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate low temperatures.

Primula Bullea is a candelabra species of primrose with tiered flowers.

One of the tallest types. The peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight powdery coating. The leaves have an oval or lanceolate shape and are collected in a dense basal rosette. The drooping buds make up lush multi-flowered umbrella-shaped apical inflorescences, located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped corolla is pale yellow or cream in color. The flowering period occurs in May-June. The plant can withstand frosts down to -23°C and prefers to grow in wetlands or well-moistened areas.

It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow higher than 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which arrow-peduncles rise majestically. Spatulate-lanceolate leaves can be entire or finely toothed. The foliage, stems and peduncles are covered with a whitish-yellow powdery coating. Flowers of purple, pinkish-lilac or deep purple have a bright throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped racemes.

The plant blooms from May to June, but with proper care, re-blooming is possible in early September.

Powdery primrose is a primrose with umbrella-shaped inflorescences and the presence of a white or yellow coating on the plants

This variety is usually cultivated indoors, placing a flowerpot with a bush on a windowsill or balcony (in summer period) apartments. It is a herbaceous annual plant that grows up to half a meter. The leaves, collected in a dense rosette, are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade may be oval or heart-shaped, as well as an unusual serrated border. Leafless pedicels rise above the bush, on which there are several whorls. As a rule, the inflorescence consists of 10-20 small fragrant flowers. The buds can be colored pink, red or snow-white, the throat is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving you a spring mood.

Primrose softleaf is usually suitable for growing indoors

This is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green, serrated, round-heart-shaped leaves, covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences of tiny yellow flowers are located on tall peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds have a very subtle, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often located near gazebos or houses.

Primrose cussica - another type of primrose for growing indoors

Chinese primrose

It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush placed in the garden usually grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a round-heart-shaped shape, collected in a powerful rosette and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. The edge of the leaf blade is serrated. Umbrella inflorescences are located on high peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. The Chinese primrose will bloom annually only if after each flowering you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.

The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect for growing both in the garden and at home

The reverse conical primrose comes from China and is one of the tallest members of the family. An adult plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on oblong petioles. The edges of the leaf blade are slightly wavy. At the root, the foliage gathers into several powerful rosettes. Leafless flower stalks grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped. The color of the buds depends on the chosen hybrid. There are varieties on the market with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers.

Please note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people sensitive to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids, bred by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.

Obconical primrose has another name - Primula obconica

We have presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but recently hybrids such as polyanthus primrose, terry primrose, obconica, acaulis, colossea, Elizabeth Killelay evening primrose, denim, Dutch and roseanna have become increasingly popular. Of particular interest are the mix varieties, which are a mixture of different species planted in one container.

How to care for primrose at home

Breeding primrose is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Having familiarized yourself with the basic recommendations of experts on creating optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.

Lighting

Perennial primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, allowing you to get aesthetic pleasure from contemplating beautiful flowers throughout the spring and autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for growing in garden conditions, are unpretentious, so an area of ​​the garden where other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for primrose, you should remember that this flower prefers diffused lighting; direct sunlight is harmful to it.

Planting a plant requires compliance with a number of simple rules. Primrose varieties that prefer direct sunlight are very few in number, so when choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and semi-shaded flower beds.

Primroses are unpretentious in care, but it is preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.

Temperature

In summer, it is better to keep the plant on an open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, home primrose becomes a full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is perfect for growing outdoors as it prefers cool temperatures. For example, it is better to keep house flowers at 16-20°C, and during flowering it is recommended to move them to a northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well at normal room temperature, but in this case you should not hope for long-term flowering. Sometimes, pots of primrose are even placed between the frames of old windows to provide it with optimal conditions.

In summer, it is better to take indoor primroses out into the open air.

Humidity

The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying out the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be moist; from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.

Primroses are moisture-loving flowers

How to water primrose

During the dormant period, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture that can destroy the roots of the primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with settled warm water. Watering should be done directly under the root, otherwise the tender leaves may rot.

Top dressing

Care at home involves mandatory feeding of the plant. Most gardeners do not recommend feeding the plant with too rich fertilizer; it is better to dilute it greatly. It is preferable to apply the fertilizing itself comprehensively, starting from the moment the buds appear. Before the first signs of flowering, you should not fertilize the plant, as it will refuse to bloom and will devote all its energy to the leaf. During the period of active flowering, primrose should be fed every 14 days.

Bloom

As already noted, during flowering, primrose requires cool temperatures, high humidity and abundant watering. You should also not forget about fertilizing, which will help somewhat prolong flowering and give the plant the necessary components to form colorful buds.

How to speed up primrose flowering

To speed up flowering and stimulate plant growth, it is sprayed by special means. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Such preparations should be used at the stage when buds are just beginning to form on the primrose

You can speed up the flowering of primroses using a 0.01% gibberellin solution

Primrose care after flowering

After the flowering period, the plant should be pruned, faded buds should be removed from the bush and the primrose should be prepared for wintering. It is recommended to reduce watering and moistening; fertilizing should be done no more than once a month.

How to prune primrose

Pruning involves removing flower stalks with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on forming seeds. Thus, you somewhat prolong flowering and stimulate blooming following colors. Also, do not forget to trim off yellowing and wilted leaves.

How does primrose reproduce?

This bright and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several options for propagation:

• growing from seeds;
• plant cuttings;
• dividing the bush.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

How to grow primrose from seeds

Recently, the method of propagating primrose by seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts consider this method to be the most energy-intensive and labor-intensive, many amateurs prefer it. Primulas grown from seeds surprise owners with unexpected colors and a riot of colors, while the characteristics of the mother plant are not always preserved.

Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them

At home, primrose is grown from seeds using the same technologies that are used when propagating garden flowers:

• Before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept in a cold place for several days (this procedure is called stratification);
• after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters; primrose can also be sown in peat tablets;
• after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the sprouts are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
• the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal for plants to pick;
• grown seedlings are planted several at a time in one pot.

Please note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.

Dividing the bush

This method is considered the most popular among gardeners due to its simplicity and accessibility, especially since this procedure should be carried out regularly: young bushes must be separated from old ones so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under running water and divided with a sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.

Garden primrose reproduces well by dividing the bush

Cuttings

The cutting method is considered a little less popular. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos demonstrating the cutting procedure can be easily found on the Internet. When cutting, first of all, make a small incision on the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of buds. After the shoot grows, it is transplanted into the soil and watered regularly.

Leaf cuttings

Leaf cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, you should select several strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat them with a special stimulator for root formation. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with substrate, deepening the cuttings by 2 centimeters. Until a pair of true leaves appear, the small primrose should be kept under a special shelter.

How to transplant primrose

If you were given this beautiful flower as a gift or purchased it from a flower shop, most likely you will have to replant the plant. This is the only way you can be sure that the soil and pot size are ideal for your primrose. Transplantation is also carried out at the end of the flowering period.

The soil

Primrose is known as a grateful flower, sensitive to care. Experts say that the main care requirement to ensure plant comfort is maintaining an optimal level of soil moisture in which perennial primrose grows. Planting a flower requires a high-quality selection of soil mixture.

Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most types of primroses, the soil under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, and free from weeds.

Choosing a pot and planting

If you live in the city and want to decorate your windowsill with a wonderful flower, potted primrose will be the best choice. It does not require a large flowerpot. It is enough for it to be approximately twice the size of the bush. To begin, fill the pot one-third full with drainage, then pour part of the substrate into it, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the soil thoroughly and place it in a new one, placing the root collar closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots so as not to damage them. Now all you have to do is water the primrose generously with purified water and fill the soil to the required level. Be careful not to get water on the delicate leaves, otherwise they may rot.

When the indoor primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot.

Planting in open ground

Experts recommend planting primrose in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. Choose a shaded place for the plant, protected from direct sunlight. Only alpine primrose hybrids can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil and apply complex fertilizers. It is also necessary to take care of drainage to prevent water from stagnating in the ground. If the ground is on your garden plot excessively heavy and clayey, make it somewhat lighter by adding a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance you need to maintain when planting primrose largely depends on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, and tall species need twice as much more space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters from each other. The fit must be quite tight, otherwise flower composition will look unaesthetic. The application of complex fertilizers will help speed up the growth and increase the flowering time of the plant.

Grown primumul seedlings from pots are transplanted into open ground

Primrose care after planting

After planting, primrose takes some time to take root and adapt to the new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and fertilizing. Don’t forget to remove weeds weekly that interfere with the development of the flower’s root system. In summer, watering is doubled, increasing water consumption to 3 liters per 1 m².

It is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water as top dressing. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also alternate phosphorus and potassium mixtures to make it easier for the perennial to regain strength after the formation of lush buds.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper flower care. For example, yellowing leaves indicate insufficient air humidity or primrose content with excessive high temperature, excessive watering or fertilizing. Too frequent and abundant watering often leads to the plant being affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and root system of the plant. Adjust the watering system, remove wilted stems and replant the primrose in a new substrate. As for pests, most often the primrose suffers from spider mite or aphids. Treatment with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.

If not properly cared for, primroses can be affected by gray rot.

Primrose is not only excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of healing substances. This is no secret, because it has long been used in folk medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using primrose flowers and leaves have long been proven by scientists. Capsules, herbal teas and other preparations are made based on the plant. Naturally, any remedy can be used only on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the required dosage and describe the exact regimen of use. Primrose oil is most widely used because it has a number of beneficial properties. It is taken for women's diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental disorders and even during pregnancy. The range of uses is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every medicine cabinet. Please note that the purchase medicinal products should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or market may not meet quality standards and cause harm to the body. As for manufacturers, the products of Solgar and Ginocomfort have many good reviews.

Stemless primrose, or common primrose (Primula acaulis, syn. P vulgaris), in nature is a small herbaceous plant, which gives its name to the family. The leaves are simple, the flowers are solitary, most often white or yellow, less often pink, lilac or purple with an eye.

One of the first to bloom in early spring. Often on a plant in bloom you cannot even see the leaves - they are covered with numerous flowers. The stemless primrose and its hybrids are easy to distinguish from other primroses - the flowers are always solitary, not collected in an inflorescence, each on its own stem.

These unpretentious plants are not uncommon in gardens. The best way to get primroses is to ask your neighbors and friends for clones that have been growing well for a long time.

You can buy flowering specimens - then both the species and the variety will not be in doubt.

In winter, primrose rhizomes are sometimes sold. They can be bought and stored for a short time in sphagnum moss in the zero chamber of the refrigerator.

If they grow prematurely, they need to be planted in pots and kept on a cool loggia. In a room with high temperature and low humidity, planted primroses are likely to die.

Sometimes you can see seeds of terry primroses on sale (for example, the Rosanna variety series).

However, if you look closely at the picture, and then at the living flower, it turns out that there are still five petals, they just have a wavy edge and they are not fully open, which is why the middle is not visible and the flower seems double.

Truly double (multi-petaled, without stamens and pistil) flowers are sterile. Terry varieties can only be propagated vegetatively. Stemless primroses also have these.

New varieties appear every year, and it is often difficult to understand what is sustainable and what is not. In general, resistant primrose clones:

• are as close as possible to the natural appearance in color and size of flowers;
• pastel colors, not blue;
• without large bracts (“collar” of leaves immediately under the flower).

Planting and caring for common primrose (stemless)

Resistant varieties of stemless primrose are long-lasting plants when grown, flexible and tolerant of the vicissitudes of garden life.

The best time to plant primroses is as soon as the snow melts, but if watered, they can be divided and replanted at any time convenient for you. Primulas take root at low temperatures (planted in late summer - autumn, they often protrude after wintering).

Ideally, such primroses need partial shade with rich loamy soil, good food(for abundant flowering), absence of both soaking and drying out. But they will tolerate full sun (provided guaranteed watering).

Primroses require almost no care.

It is useful to clean them of dead leaves after the snow melts, water them in hot weather, fertilize them with complex fertilizer according to the season, and mulch them. Poor wintering, as a rule, is typical for unstable varieties and when planted in a damp place.

The blue and large-flowered ones drop out first. Species plants very stable and withstood any snowless winters. It makes no sense to cover primroses: they get wet more often than they freeze out, and this will happen much faster under cover.

Using Primrose

Primroses make dense borders and colorful rugs. The array can be located either near the track or at some distance from it. For one group it is worth using primroses of the same color. This is easy to do if you divide one overgrown clump.

Numerous varieties of primroses, when planted side by side, look like a cacophony of colors, much more harmonious than a monoplant or a combination of just two varieties.

Primulas can be easily combined with tall perennials that will protect them from the scorching sun in summer -, or even. Even more suitable companions when planting primroses in partial shade. There are only two restrictions here: neighbors should not cover the primroses tightly with their leaves and should not be too aggressive.

So, I had to give up the proximity of primroses with kupena and disporum smilacina: these aggressors grew very quickly and “pierced” the primrose bushes with their powerful shoots.

But ferns, even large ones, simply planted at the proper distance, hellebores - almost the entire shady assortment - are quite compatible with primroses. Very good at joint plantings small-bulbous, blooming simultaneously with primroses.

Reproduction of common (stemless) primrose

Stemless primroses are propagated by seeds and vegetatively.

At favorable conditions self-seeding occurs in the garden. But the easiest way is to divide them. Many grow well and even require periodic division.

The plant needs to be dug up and divided with a knife into individual rosettes or groups of rosettes with roots, planting them in a new place. The best time for this is the earliest spring after the snow melts, but you can divide the primroses

And in bloom, and before the beginning summer heat. Autumn division is possible, but undesirable: if a snowless winter occurs, poorly rooted plants may die.

Sometimes the rosettes are separated without digging up the entire bush.

Even perennial bushes can gradually grow overgrown, exposed in the middle and rot due to excessive density. They should be maintained by regular (every 3-4 years) division with replanting to a new location or replacing the soil.

Possible problems

One of the problems with varietal primroses is their fragility. Honestly, I just accepted the fact that the large-flowered and brightest primroses live in the garden for 1-2 seasons at most.

They just need a different use than stable clones. It is better not to place high hopes on attractive, but such unstable potted hybrids and consider their stay in the garden to be short-lived. They bloom all summer like annuals, and it is precisely as annuals that they are best used. They will perfectly replace faded and retired small bulbous ones, and decorate the steps or courtyard when planted in a beautiful flowerpot.

Varieties of common primrose (stemless) photo: 1. Butter Yellow. 2. Danova Bicolor. 3. Quacker Bonnet.

Primrose from seeds - cultivation and care

Primroses are very easy to grow from seeds. If you want to create a delicate pink and cream carpet under old apple trees, collect the seeds of your primroses - they sprout very quickly and won’t cost you a penny.

Plants from seeds collected in their garden do not save varietal characteristics, but this is how you can get new colors.

Before sowing, primrose seed pods are stored at a temperature no higher than +5...+7 °C. Before sowing, seeds collected in the garden are treated to protect the seedlings from fungi (there is no need to treat purchased seeds - just steam the soil).

Fresh seeds usually germinate after a short cooling - they are slow to germinate in primroses. There is no need to be afraid of this procedure: the mechanism is inherent in nature, where they lie under the snow all winter and germinate in early spring.

The container with the crops should be kept in the refrigerator or under the snow for 2-4 weeks. Then the crops that have undergone stratification can be placed on a bright window, shading them from direct sun rays.

The optimal temperature for the development of seedlings of planted primrose is +16…+18 °C. When two true leaves appear, primrose seedlings dive. In the future, they need to be watered and fed.

After the threat of frost has passed, the container with seedlings is buried until the end of summer in a semi-shaded place in the garden, and then planted in a permanent place at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other.

Growing primroses from seeds (photo)

In order to grow primrose from seeds indoors, you need to do the following sequentially:

1. Carefully shake out the seeds from the dried inflorescences over a saucer.

2. Place the seeds for 20 minutes in a 0.5-1.0% solution of potassium permanganate.

3. Scatter the seeds on the snow - when it melts, they will appear evenly and without embedding on the soil surface.

4. Snow needs to be compacted after sowing.

5. We mark the types and varieties of sown plants with signs.

6(a). After sowing, cover the container with a lid.

6(b). We bury the container in a snowdrift outside (for about 2-4 weeks).

7. We carefully pry up the seedlings in the phase of two true leaves with large nests, without damaging the roots, and place them on a saucer.

8. We separate the seedlings one by one, plant them in a box with a step of 5 cm or in individual pots. We water the picked seedlings with a thin stream.

9. It is better to plant plants in a permanent place in the second half of August, when cool and rainy weather sets in.

Priula is the prima of the spring garden

This modest and unpretentious, but incredibly bright flower not only enjoys the love of gardeners, but also has a special history.

Legend has it that one day the Apostle Peter, dozing off, dropped the keys to Paradise. And once on the ground, they sprouted as cheerful primroses.

Primrose, or primrose, is a favorite of most gardeners, almost anywhere in the world. At one time, England was even overwhelmed by primulomania, a “disease” so similar to the Dutch “tulip mania.” Why is this little thing so good?

Perhaps the beauty’s main talent is the ability to be different: in nature there are from 400 to 550 species of the genus Primrose! But this is far from the limit, since botanists continually discover new ones, and breeders do not tire of creating hybrids and new varieties. As a result, today primrose is able to satisfy any whim: not only are its flowers amazing in all sorts of colors - even gray and green, two- and three-color, with or without a pattern.

Primroses also differ in the structure of their inflorescences. On this basis, they were divided into 5 groups: cushion-shaped (for example, primrose vulgaris), umbrella-shaped (such as high primrose or spring primrose), spherical (for example, fine-toothed primrose), candelabra (one of them is primrose bullesiana) and bell-shaped (primrose Florinda). By the way, not all of them bloom in the spring.

There are many species that decorate the garden in summer, for example, Bis, Florinda, and Bulley primroses. You can rest assured that even if you decorate your flower garden exclusively with primroses of different types and varieties, it will be incomparable. But the bright “prima” is quite “communicative” - it goes well with other spring-flowering plants, as well as with low-growing ornamental grasses and ferns.

The main condition for the prosperity of our many-sided heroine is an abundance of moisture in the soil in the spring, but without excess, let alone stagnation. The ideal place for the plant is partial shade with well-drained fertile soil.

If the primrose lives in a pot, make sure that the substrate does not dry out (only the common primrose more or less calmly puts up with drought in the summer). Feeding is done 3 times per season: in early spring, 2-3 weeks after the first and at the end of July - mid-August. For the winter, it is advisable to sprinkle primroses with dry leaves in a layer of about 10 cm, since even the hardiest ones can freeze in the absence of snow.

Primrose photos and types

1. Primrose high it reproduces well by self-sowing and grows quickly - but only if the soil is fresh, moderately moist and rich in humus.
2. Japanese primrose Miller's Crimson blooms in June–July. She prefers partial shade and moist soil. The purple-red flowers of this varietal plant attract attention with their unusual dark centers.
3. U spring primrose (Primula veris) small bright yellow flowers. Their distinctive feature is orange spots at the base of the petals.
4. They look organic in a bast basket white primrose and spring primrose. By the way, such an ensemble can be an excellent gift for a gardener friend.

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Primrose, or Primrose ( lat. Primula) - a genus of plants from the family Primroses (Primulaceae).

The name of the plant comes from the Latin word "primus" (first) and is explained by the fact that many types of primroses bloom in early spring, among the first, sometimes even before the snow has completely melted. This is where it comes from Russian name- primrose.

Primrose- perennial, less often biennial and annual herbaceous plants. The leaves are entire, wrinkled, covered with hairs, forming a basal rosette. The flowers are five-membered, regular in shape, of various colors and shades, solitary or collected in racemes or umbellate inflorescences at the ends of leafless stems. The fruit is a capsule.

Most species are beautifully flowering low herbs.

The ancient Greeks believed that primrose contained a healing remedy against all diseases. Primrose (primrose) leaves contain large amounts of carotene and vitamin C, many carbohydrates, glycosides, essential oils, and organic acids. Therefore, decoctions of this plant are taken for rheumatism and headaches, and they are used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, and whooping cough. Primrose (primrose) root has a weak diuretic and diaphoretic effect, enhances gastric secretion, and activates metabolism.

In Germany, dried primrose flowers are brewed and drunk as tea to strengthen the nervous system. The British eat young leaves of primrose (primrose) as a salad, the roots are used as a spice and as a medicine for patients with tuberculosis. In the Caucasus, in early spring, soups and cabbage soup are prepared from primrose (primrose). Spring primrose leaves are collected at the beginning of flowering and added to salads.

In the old days, decoctions from the roots were used to treat consumption and febrile conditions. Soothing teas and ointments against eczema were prepared from the leaves and flowers.

Various types of primrose produce nectar, but due to the long flower tube, honey bees collect only small amounts of it.

More than 500 species of primrose are known in nature.

Types of primrose

. It grows in the European part of Russia (mainly in the southern regions), in the Caucasus and southern Siberia. The roots of both species contain saponins, essential oils, glycosides and are used as an expectorant. Good honey plants. A number of species are used in indoor floriculture. Indoor primroses bloom throughout the winter and spring.

Primrose (primrose) stemless , or common (Primula acaulis or Primula vulgaris) It is distinguished by oblong leaves with a wrinkled surface. It has a large number of hybrids, the flowers of which are located on low stems and usually with an “eye”. Large white, yellow, red or blue flowers located in the center of a rosette of leaves. After flowering, stemless primrose can be planted in open ground.

Primrose (primrose) spring , or officinalis (Primula veris) . An early spring plant 10-30 cm tall, with wrinkled leaves and bright yellow flowers; grows throughout almost the entire European part of Russia in dry meadows, edges, bushes, and light forests. It is popularly called rams or keys. Forest edges middle zone Russia is literally golden from its drooping bell flowers.

. It is distinguished by lobed leaves with a serrated edge, large (2.5-4 cm in diameter) flowers of various colors with a yellow center and wavy petals. After flowering, the plant can be left for the next season. To do this, keep it all summer in a cool, ventilated place, watering it moderately. In autumn, cut off yellowed leaves and increase watering.

Primrose (Primula kewensis) . Synonym: Primula floribunda, Primula verticillata . Blooms with yellow flowers. Beautiful fragrant flowers 1 cm in diameter rise on peduncles up to 30 cm in height. The leaves have a serrated edge and are covered with a powdery coating.

. The homeland of the plant is Southern China. An annual herbaceous rosette plant up to 40 cm high. The leaves are heart-shaped, elliptic or oval-elliptic, serrated along the edge, up to 17 cm in diameter, on long (up to 8 cm) petioles. Leafless peduncles (usually there are several of them on a plant) bear flowers collected in 5-20-flowered whorls. Whorls are usually located on the peduncle “floor by floor”. There can be from 3 to 6 such floors. The flowers have a structure common to primroses (primroses), a limb up to 1 cm in diameter, white, pink or red, with a yellow spot in the throat. Blooms in January - February.

. The homeland of the plant is China. Perennial herbaceous plant up to 60 cm high. Leaves up to 10 cm in diameter, in a basal rosette, round and oval-elliptical with a heart-shaped base, on long (up to 10 cm) petioles, pubescent with short hairs containing a volatile substance - primin, which causes people are allergic. The flowers are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences on a leafless peduncle up to 25 cm high. The flower has a structure typical for primroses, the limb is up to 2.5 cm in diameter. There are many varieties with white, pink, blue, purple and dark red flowers. Varieties with low primine content or completely devoid of it have been developed.

. Used in gardening as an ornamental plant. Belongs to the section of tiered, or candelabra primroses (Proliferae, Candelabra). Homeland: Japan, Kunashir Island. The height of the plant is about 10 cm. The leaves are oblong-spatulate, coarsely serrated, up to 25 cm long. The inflorescence is an umbrella. The flowers are crimson, up to 2 cm in diameter, collected in multi-tiered whorls, on a peduncle 30 - 50 cm long. The perianth is actinomorphic, petalous. Petals - 5. Fruit - capsule. The seeds are small, black.

Primrose (Primula denticulata) . Synonyms: Primrose serrata, primrose serratus, primrose serratus. Names in other languages: English. drumstick primula, German Kugelprimel, fr. primevere spherique. The homeland of the plant is the Himalayas, mountains of Southeast Asia and Afghanistan, China (Sichuan, Yunnan) and Indochina (Burma), Indian subcontinent (India - Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh; Sikkim, Nepal, Pakistan).

The plant reaches 30 cm in height and in diameter. The leaves are wide, oblong-oval, jagged and wrinkled at the edges, after flowering they reach 20-40 cm in length. The flowers come in different colors, most often lilac, but also purple, red, and white; up to 1.5 cm in diameter. Collected in a dense spherical inflorescence with a diameter of up to 10 cm. The peduncles are thick, with a powdery coating, 10-20 cm high, then stretch out and can reach 60 cm in height. Fine-toothed primrose blooms in April-May, flowering duration is 30-40 days.

This type of primrose is widely used in gardens and parks as a border plant, as well as in flower beds, in groups on lawns, on alpine roller coaster. Prefers fertile well-drained soils. Loves partial shade and abundant watering. The plant is propagated by seeds, division and root cuttings.

Lighting. Primroses should be placed on a bright window in a cool room. The room is well ventilated. The plant requires a lot of bright light, but should be shaded from direct sunlight. Windows on the west and east sides are ideal. Tolerates partial shade and can grow in a north-facing window.

Temperature. Primroses need moderate air temperatures, during flowering no higher than 12-16°C (in such conditions the flowers last longer). Primroses bloom well in unheated greenhouses or between window frames.

Watering. Watering is moderate, abundant during flowering (it is necessary to maintain uniform soil moisture, but without stagnation of water), with soft, settled water as the top layer of the substrate dries. When watering, do not wet the leaves. The middle leaves, which are just beginning to develop, should be especially protected from water. From the above it follows that it is best to use bottom watering.

Fertilizer. Primrose responds well to liquid fertilizing with a solution of bird droppings in small concentrations and doses. The plant is fed in June and at the end of August, the first time - organic fertilizer, the second - ammonium nitrate (1-1.5 g per 1 liter of water).

Features of cultivation. Peduncles with faded flowers are plucked out, and yellow leaves are also removed.

The soil. The soil suitable for primroses is not very nutritious, humus (pH about 6). A mixture of humus, deciduous, turf soil (1 part each) and sand or compost (3 parts), peat and sand (1 part each).

The best soil for soft-leaved primrose is loose, nutritious and moisture-absorbing soil. The nutrient mixture is prepared from turf (1 part), deciduous soil (2 parts) and sand (1 part). Requires slightly acidic soil, so it is necessary to add coniferous soil (1 part) to the mixture.

Landing. Seeds of reverse conical primrose are sown in April - May in bowls or boxes on the surface of sandy-deciduous soil. 0.5 g of seeds are sown in one box. Water with a spray bottle. The crops are covered with glass and placed on window sills, shading the seedlings from the sun's rays. The temperature is maintained within 18-20°C. Shoots appear after 10 days. Small seedlings are planted twice, and then planted in 9-centimeter pots of 2-3 plants. The nutrient mixture is prepared from deciduous soil, greenhouse soil (2 parts each) and sand (1 part). As the plants develop, they are transferred to large pots 2-3 times.

You can grow primrose seedlings without transshipment, planting them immediately in 13-centimeter pots of 2-3 plants, adding dry cow manure to the soil mixture. With this method of cultivation, the primrose blooms in six months.

Reproduction. Primroses are propagated by seeds (although this is quite difficult process), dividing old bushes, rooting axillary shoots.

Seeds. The soft-leaved primrose is propagated by seeds produced in large quantities after artificial pollination of flowers. Seeds are sown in June-July in bowls or boxes. After a month, the seedlings are planted in bowls or containers with a feeding area of ​​3x4 cm; after a month they can be transplanted even less often (8x8 cm). In October they are planted in 11-13 cm pots. Plants bloom six months after sowing. During flowering, the room temperature should be 10-12°C. In the autumn-winter period it is reduced to 8-10°C.

Dividing the bush. Primroses are also propagated by dividing the bush. After flowering in May, they can be placed in shady places for forced dormancy. Plants are watered so that they do not dry out. When the stems begin to grow, the bushes are divided into several parts and planted in boxes in loose, nutritious soil. When planting, the plants are not buried - the rosette should be at soil level. For better rooting, the box is covered with glass and placed in a well-lit window. Then the plants are transplanted into 9-centimeter pots, and after a month - into 13-centimeter ones.

During growth, every 10-12 days the plants are fed with a weak solution (2 g per 10 liters of water) of mineral fertilizers. Old leaves are cut off.

Plants with one rosette of leaves and a very weak root system, in which it is difficult to divide the bush, are propagated by rooting axillary shoots. At the base of the root collar, separate the leaf petiole with a bud (leaf blades are shortened by half) and part of the shoot, root it in coarse river sand, spread in a 2 cm layer on a substrate of peat or deciduous soil. The cuttings are planted obliquely, with the buds toward the top, to a depth of 1 cm.

For rooting, cuttings need a bright room, a temperature of 16-18°C, moderate sand moisture, and spraying. After three months, shoots with 3-4 leaves develop from the buds, which are planted in 7-9 cm pots. The earth mixture is prepared from 4 parts of deciduous soil, 2 parts of humus soil and 1 part of sand.

Blooms in 5-6 months.

Precautionary measures

When caring for primrose, reverse-conical people with sensitive skin You should not touch the leaves, as this sometimes causes irritation or even inflammation of the skin on your hands. In children, the leaves of this plant cause irritation and even a small rash.

Possible difficulties

If it is too wet affected by gray rot.

When the temperature is too high, the air is dry, moisture stagnates, as well as when watering with hard water and fertilizing with highly concentrated fertilizers leaves turn yellow and roots turn brown.

When the air is too dry and hot, it occurs rapid wilting of flowers.

Damaged

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There are more than 500 varieties of primrose, and they are divided into 37 groups based on the plant's region of origin, flower shape, and leaf shape. You will never see some of these groups in our gardens, since their agrotechnical requirements are very specific. In fact, only a few groups can be easily grown in a regular garden. However, even among these groups you can choose wonderful flowers for yourself that will delight you from the beginning of spring to the end of summer.

Primrose flower care

The most popular group of primroses are polyantha primroses. They are also popular indoor potted plants. They can be grown at home during the winter months and then transplanted into the garden. Polyanthus primroses are hybrids obtained by crossing the common primrose (Primula vulgaris), the spring primrose (Primula veris), the tall primrose (Primula elatior) and the stemless primrose (Primula acaulis). All these varieties of primrose are native to Europe. Their flowers come in a variety of shades and colors, including green and brown! There are single, semi-double and double flowers.

Polyantha primroses grow best in very fertile, humus-rich soil in slightly shaded areas. Because they don't love acidic soils, then you need to add lime to the planting site. These plants also require constant humidity. If the flowers wilt, their growth will be greatly retarded. To maintain constant soil moisture, mulch the plants with a 3-5 cm layer of old compost, rotted leaves or well-rotted manure. This mulch will also maintain a high organic matter content. For best results polyanthus primroses are divided and replanted every 3 to 4 years.

Planting primrose flowers

Primula auricula

Another popular group of primroses are the auricular primroses, which are usually called "auriculae". Like the polyanthus primroses, these also came to our gardens from Europe. The most popular auriculae are hybrids, available in a wide range of colors, just like the polyantha primroses, they are non-double , semi-double and double.Unlike the leaves of polyanthus primroses, auricula form a rosette of dense, larger leaves.
Auricular primroses require more sun than polyanthus and are ideal for an alpine garden. Although auriculas are a hybrid of relatively large species such as Primula marginata, Primula hirsuta and Primula pedemontana, they are quite small in size. Most of the varieties of this group come from areas rich in limestone; thus, adding lime to the soil will have a positive effect on the growth of these flowers.

Even though auricula are one of the most drought-tolerant primroses, they still prefer moist, well-drained soil. Often old leaves remain at the base of the rosettes - they must be carefully removed to keep diseases to a minimum. These primroses bloom at the same time as polyanthus primroses.

Varieties of hybrid ear primroses

Candelabra Primroses (Proliferae primroses)

Another diverse and increasingly popular group of primroses are the Candelabra primroses. These plants produce whorl flowers on tall, slender stems, living up to their name. Nice plant can produce 4 to 6 flowers that last only a week. At the same time, candelabra primroses are the longest flowering of the primroses. This group blooms from late spring to early summer, usually from May to July. Flowers come in red, purple, pink, orange, yellow and white.

Plants can be grown in full sun or light shade, but the flowers will be more vibrant if the plants are in light shade. Candelabra primroses include species such as Primula bulleyana, Primula beesiana, Primula japonica and Primula pulverulenta, as well as their hybrids. In the wilds of East Asia, these primroses often grow in swampy places, therefore, they need constant moisture. These are ideal flowers for marshy gardens and for the banks of ponds and pools.

Sikkim primrose (Primula sikkimensis)

The Sikkimese Primrose group is prized for its attractive, usually powdery, fragrant, pendulous flowers that come in purple, cream, yellow, pink, copper and red. These flowers grow well in moist, fertile soils, in sun or light shade. The species in this group are Primula alpicola, Primula florindae, Primula Secundiflora and Primula Sikkimese, all originating from Asia. By the way, Primula florinda often reaches 1 meter in height.

Powdery primrose (Primula farinosa, Bird’s-Eye Primroses)

These primroses are the smallest and most graceful. Many reach a height of only a few centimeters. Most plants in this group have leaves covered with a whitish powder called farina. These primroses are perhaps the most common and can be found everywhere in North America, Europe and Asia, as well as the Falkland Islands and the south South America. Of all the groups mentioned, these are the most difficult to grow. However, they are very popular among primrose fans. The color range here is more limited, with lilac, purple, pink, pale yellow and white flowers. Mealy primroses prefer moist, swampy conditions and do not live long, so it is better to collect seeds from them. Thanks to small size flowers, these plants are often used on alpine hills. Recommended varieties include Griffith's primrose (Primula halleri), Primula frondosa, Yellow primrose (Primula luteola), Powdery primrose (Primula farinosa) and Cold primrose (Primula algida). These primroses bloom in the spring.

Asian Primroses

There are several other popular primroses that belong to different groups of primroses. However, one thing they all have in common is that they all originate from Asia. Formally, candelabra and Sikkimese primroses can also be included in the Asian species.

Homeland Primrose fine-toothed(Primula denticulata) are the Himalayas. These primroses live up to their name - their flower heads consist of small flowers with small, tooth-shaped petals. These are one of the earliest primroses to bloom in spring. They are also the hardiest primroses. At the height of summer, their leaves reach a decent size, so they need to be given more space in the garden. The range of colors of the fine-toothed primrose is not as extensive as that of polyanthus or auricular primroses, there are lilac, pink, purple and white shades.

Group Cortusaceae primroses(Primula cortusoides) contains some fine choice primroses that bloom from late spring to early summer. These are forest varieties with rounded leaves covered with small hairs. The main colors of these plants are pink and white. Among the easiest to grow are Primula cortusoides, Primula jesoana, Primula polyneura and Primula sieboldii.

Primrose capitata(Primula capitata) and Primula crowded(Primula glomerata) are similar varieties, with flat, spoon-shaped rosettes of attractive crinkled leaves that are covered in white farina. The rich purple-blue flowers often don't appear until high summer. Also grown for interesting leaves and flowers Primula chionanta(Primula chionantha) and Primula melanops(Primula melanops). These two species have upright, elongated leaves that are also covered in yellow or white farina. Slightly drooping flowers appear on a tall stem late spring- early summer. The flowers are light cream and dark lilac, respectively. These flowers, like most primroses, require constant moisture to grow well.

Primula melanops (Primula melanops) and Primula capitata (Primula capitata)

The last primrose that will be discussed here is exotic (and one might even say bizarre) - this Primula Vialya(Primula vialii). This variety barely resembles a primrose at all. The leaves of the plant are narrow and grow vertically. In August or even September, the plant develops a tall stem ending at the top with a flower similar to the spike-shaped kniphofia flower. The flower has a red calyx that protects the small developing flowers, and the petals of these miniature flowers are pale purple, like those of. Together the calyx and petals create a pleasant effect. Primula Vialya usually blooms in late spring. They are not the easiest to grow in a primrose garden and even if you are able to keep them growing through the first winter (they are notorious for rotting in winter), the plants are still prone to dying. However, if you manage to grow this primrose, then all your friends and neighbors will envy you.

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