Type 2 ceilings. Fire partitions: types, standards and requirements. Fire partition testing process

APPENDIX U

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE BARRIERS

U.1 Fire barriers include fire walls, partitions, ceilings, and zones. airlock vestibules, doors, windows, hatches, valves.

The scope of application of fire barriers is established in SNiP 2.01.02 part 2 [I]. U.2 Types of fire barriers and their minimum fire resistance limits should be taken according to Table U.1. Fire walls, partitions, ceilings, structures of fire zones and airlock vestibules, as well as filling of light openings in fire barriers must be made from non-combustible materials.

Table U.1

Fire barriers	Type of fire barriers or their elements	Minimum fire resistance limit of fire barriers or their elements, h
Fire walls		2,50 0,75
Fire partitions		0,75 0,25
Fireproof ceilings		2,50 1,00 0,75
Fire doors and windows		1,20 0,60 0,25
Fire gates, hatches, valves		1,20 0,60
Airlock vestibules Elements of airlock vestibules:
fire partitions fire resistant floors fire doors		0,75 0,75 0,60
Fire zones (see 3.13) Elements of fire protection zones:
fire walls separating the area from the fire compartments		0,75
fire barriers inside the area		0,25
columns		2,50
fire resistant floors		0,75
coating elements		0,75
exterior walls		0,75

It is allowed to use wood in fire doors and hatches of the first and second types, protected on all sides by non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 4 mm or subjected to deep impregnation flame retardants or other fire retardant treatment, ensuring its compliance with the requirements for low-combustible materials.

It is allowed to use partitions made of plasterboard sheets with a frame made of non-combustible materials, with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours for partitions of the first type and 0.75 hours for partitions of the second type. The junctions of these partitions with other structures must have a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 and 0.75 hours, respectively.

U.3 Fire resistance limit fire doors and gates should be determined in accordance with GOST 30247.2, and fire windows, hatches and valves in accordance with GOST 30247.0 and GOST 30247.1. Wherein limit states fire resistance for windows is characterized only by collapse and loss of density, and for fire doors elevator shafts- only thermal insulation ability and loss of density of the door leaf.

U.4 In fire walls of the first and second types, fire doors, gates, windows and valves of the first and second types, respectively, should be provided.

In fire-resistant partitions of the first type, fire-resistant doors, gates, windows and valves of the second type should be provided, and in fire-resistant partitions of the second type - fire-resistant doors and windows of the third type.

In fire-resistant floors of the first type should be used fire hatches and valves of the first type, and in fire-resistant floors of the second and third types - fire hatches and valves of the second type.

U.5 Fire walls must be supported by foundations or foundation beams, erected to the entire height of the building, and cross all structures and floors.

Fire walls can be installed directly on the frame structures of a building or structure made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the fire resistance limit of the frame, together with its filling and fastening units, must be no less than the required fire resistance limit of the corresponding type of fire wall.

U.6 Fire walls must rise above the roof: at least 60 cm, if at least one of the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, is made of flammable materials; not less than 30 cm, if the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of low-combustible materials.

Fire walls may not rise above the roof if all elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of non-combustible materials.

U.7 Fire walls in buildings with external walls made using flammable or low-combustible materials must intersect these walls and protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall by at least 30 cm.

When constructing external walls made of non-combustible materials with strip glazing, fire walls must separate the glazing. In this case, it is allowed that the fire wall does not protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall.

U.8 When dividing a building into fire compartments, there must be a fire protection wall of a higher and wider compartment. It is allowed to place windows, doors and gates with non-standardized fire resistance limits in the outer part of the fire wall at a distance above the roof of the adjacent compartment of at least 8 m vertically and at least 4 m from the walls horizontally.

U.9 It is allowed to install ventilation and smoke ducts in fire walls so that where they are located, the fire resistance limit of the fire wall on each side of the duct is at least 2.5 hours.

U. 10 Fire partitions in rooms with suspended ceilings must share the space above them.

U.11 When placing fire walls or fire partitions in places where one part of the building adjoins another at an angle, it is necessary that the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of openings located in the external walls be at least 4 m, and sections of walls, eaves and roof overhangs adjacent to the fire wall or partition at an angle, for a length of at least 4 m, were made of non-combustible materials. If the distance between these openings is less than 4 m, they must be filled with fire doors or windows of the second type.

U. 12 Fireproof ceilings must be adjacent to external walls made of non-combustible materials, without gaps. Fire floors in buildings with external walls that spread fire, or with glazing located at the floor level, must cross these walls and glazing.

U. 13 It is allowed, in the cases provided for in SNiP 2.01.02 part 2, to divide the building into fire compartments instead of fire walls, to provide fire zones of the first type.

The fire zone of the first type is made in the form of an insert dividing the building along the entire width (length) and height. The insert is a part of the building formed by fire walls of the second type, which separate the insert from the fire compartments. The width of the zone must be at least 12 m.

U.14 In premises located within the fire zone, it is not allowed to use or store flammable gases, liquids and materials, as well as to provide for processes associated with the formation of flammable dusts.

It is allowed to use insulation made of low-combustible materials and roofing made of combustible materials in the covering of the fire zone, taking into account the requirements of U.6.

Openings are allowed in the fire walls of the zone provided they are filled in accordance with U. 17.

U. 15 Constructive decisions fire protection zones in buildings should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.09.03.

U. 16 Fire walls and zones must retain their functions in the event of a one-sided collapse of adjacent structures.

U. 17 It is allowed to provide openings in fire barriers provided they are filled with fire doors, windows, gates, hatches and valves or when airlocks are installed in them. The total area of ​​openings in fire barriers, with the exception of elevator shaft fences, should not exceed 25% of their area. Fire doors and gates in fire barriers must have seals in the vestibules and devices for self-closing. Fire windows must be non-opening.

U. 18 Doors of airlock vestibules on the side of rooms in which flammable gases, liquids and materials are not used or stored, and there are no processes associated with the formation of flammable dusts, may be made of flammable materials with a thickness of at least 4 cm and without voids. In airlock vestibules, air pressure should be provided in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05 [Z].

U. 19 Fire walls, zones, as well as fireproof ceilings of the first type are not allowed to be crossed by channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting flammable gas and dust-air mixtures, flammable liquids, substances and materials.

U.20 At the intersection of fire walls, fire zones, as well as fire-resistant ceilings of the first type, channels, shafts and pipelines (with the exception of water supply, sewerage, steam and water heating pipelines) for transporting media other than those specified in U. 19 should be provided automatic devices that prevent the spread of combustion products through channels, shafts and pipelines during a fire.

U.21 Enclosing structures of elevator shafts, rooms of elevator machine rooms, channels, shafts and niches for laying communications must comply with the requirements for fire partitions of the first type and floors of the third type.

If it is impossible to install fire doors in the fences of elevator shafts, vestibules or halls with fire partitions of the first type and ceilings of the third type should be provided.

APPENDIX F

REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION OF ENCOUNTERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

F.1 Fire protection is intended to increase the actual fire resistance limit of screens, mechanical devices protection of technological openings, cases, tanks, pipelines, shelves, frames, electrical wiring, etc. This task is performed by constructive methods (plastering, the use of cladding) and the use of heat-protective screens made of lightweight compounds (coatings, intumescent paints and varnishes).

F.2 The choice of an adequate method of fire protection of structures, a specific fireproof material or composition should be carried out taking into account design, operational, technological and technical-economic factors, and the acceptable probability of fire protection failures.

F.3 V technical conditions The following characteristics must be established for the use of fire retardant coatings:

Type of protected structure and its location in space;

The required fire resistance limit of the protected element corresponding to the design accident;

The required service life of fire protection, taken equal to the service life of the equipment (before major repairs) or established by the customer, taking into account the specific operating conditions of the equipment;

Types of loads acting on the protected element (static, dynamic, seismic);

Temperature and humidity conditions of operation and performance of fire protection work, moisture and weather resistance of the fire retardant composition and material;

Degrees of aggressiveness environment in relation to fire protection and construction material, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of the fire protection material in relation to the structure;

Permissible increase in load on the structure due to the mass of fire protection;

Environmental and aesthetic requirements for fire protection.

The choice of the optimal fire protection composition should be carried out taking into account the requirement of economic efficiency of the fire safety system in accordance with GOST 12.1.004 (1.4) or from the condition of normalizing the maximum probability of developing fires established by regulatory documents for the relevant technological processes.

F.4 For fire protection of technological equipment, intumescent coatings are effective, combining heat-absorbing and heat-insulating properties, the requirements for which are set out below.

F.4.1 Requirements for operational characteristics

F.4.1.1 The coating must be developed and comply with the temperature and humidity conditions of one of the options given in Table F. 1.

Table F.1

Operation option	Temperature and humidity conditions
Universal	Temperature ±50° C. Relative humidity up to 98%
Building with artificial climate	Temperature from 5 to 35° C. Relative humidity up to 80% A short-term temperature drop (within four hours) to 0 is allowed° C and increase humidity to 98%

F.4.1.2 Physical and mechanical properties fire-retardant intumescent coating must ensure that it remains operational under conditions of exposure to:

Vibrations with an amplitude of vibration accelerations of up to 30 m/s 2 in the frequency range from 0.5 to 100 Hz, mechanical shocks with a maximum pulse amplitude of up to 150 m/s 2 (single impact). The pulse shape is triangular. Pulse duration from 5 to 10 ms. The pulse rise time is 1 ms.

F.4.1.3. Fireproof coating must ensure transportation in the closure by all types of transport without restrictions on speed and distance.

F.4.2 Technical requirements

F.4.2.1 The coating must provide the required fire resistance of the protected structures and the limits of fire spread along them in accordance with SNiP 2.01.02 and other regulatory documents.

F.4.2.2 The coating must meet the requirements given in Table F.2.

Table F.2

Main indicator	Meaning	Test method
1 Film strength upon impact with the U-1A device, cm, not less		GOST 4765
2 Adhesion using the lattice notch method, point, no less		GOST 15140
3 Film hardness according to the pendulum device M-3, conv. units, not less	0,15	GOST 5233
4 Swelling coefficient, times, not less		According to F.4.4

F.4.2.3 The coating must be fungal-resistant and fungicidal in accordance with GOST 9.049 and GOST 9.050.

F.4.3 Warranty period

F.4.3.1 Guaranteed shelf life of the coating is at least 6 months (in components, in closure).

F.4.3.2 The guaranteed service life of the coating applied to the structure must be equal to the design service life of the equipment (before major repairs), but not less than 10 years.

The warranty period is confirmed by accelerated climatic testing.

F.4.4 Method for checking the swelling coefficient of a fire retardant coating

F.4.4.1 The swelling coefficient is determined by swelling of a coating applied with a thickness of 1 mm on a metal plate measuring 100 x 100 mm.

F.4.4.2 Swelling of the coating is carried out in a heating cabinet with the sample held at a temperature of 600° C for 5 min.

F.4.4.3 Swelling coefficient TO BC is determined as the ratio of the thickness of the expanded layer h to the original coating thickness h 0 :

TO sun = h/h 0 .

layer thickness measurementh 0 carried out with a caliper in three sections of the sample. Swelling coefficients are determined as the arithmetic mean of three measurements.

F.4.4.4 The application requirements do not apply to special-purpose equipment: equipment for the production and storage of explosives, storage of flammable products for special purposes, civil defense protective structures, etc.

In order to better understand the structure and purpose of fire-resistant partitions, you first need to understand the definitions and find out what is the difference between a fire partition (hereinafter FP) and a fire wall (hereinafter FS).

1. Fire walls - divide the building along the entire height, and parts of the building between the substations are called fire compartments (a more complete definition is given in SNiP 21-01-97 * P: 7.16).
   Accordingly, fire protection systems are designed to ensure that fire does not spread from one compartment to another along the entire height of a building or structure.
2. Fire partitions - divide the room within the floor, and the parts between the fire walls are called fire sections.

Accordingly, we have come to the definition of fire partitions - this is one of the types of fire barriers, the purpose of which is to prevent the spread of fire within one specific floor.

Types, norms and requirements

According to GOSTs, SNiPs and technical regulations (Federal Law No. 123), fire partitions are divided according to the following main characteristics.

Types of fire partitions

• PP type 1 – corresponds to fire resistance limit EI 45 (for glazed PP with a glazing area of ​​more than 25%, EIW 45 is used);
• PP type 2 - corresponds to the fire resistance limit EI 15 (for glazed PP with a glazing area of ​​more than 25%, EIW 15 is used).

The types of software are directly related to the following indicator.

Fire resistance limits

According to Federal Law No. 123, two indicators are used to determine the degree of fire resistance of fire partitions:

• EI 45 (1st type);
• EI 15 (type 2).

Which in turn tells us that the partition must contain the fire for at least 45 and 15 minutes, respectively.

Despite the fact that some manufacturers produce partitions with fire resistance limits significantly higher than the parameters required by law - EI 60, EI 90 and EI 120, all these products will be equated to type 1 partitions (EI 45), i.e. will be rounded down.

Glazing up to and more than 25%

Regulatory documentation divides fire partitions into glazed (translucent) up to 25 percent and more than 25% of the opening area.

For the average buyer in this case, only the marking – EIW – will matter.

For PCB manufacturers, this means that fire tests of such structures will be carried out according to their specific GOST (GOST R 53303-2009).

Others significant differences between partitions glazed up to 25% and over 25% no.

Types of materials

The production of PP is not subject to strict rules and regulations regarding the use of certain materials. Therefore, on the fire-fighting products market you can find partitions that consist entirely or partially of wood, steel, aluminum, plasterboard and, of course, fire-resistant glass.

Let's take a closer look at each of these materials.

Tree

Wood is rarely used in the production of fire-resistant partitions, but, nevertheless, it has its place in the market.

Both the frame (profile) and the actual fabric of the product can act as wood.

The wood, of course, undergoes a special fire treatment similar to the same technology that is used in the production of wooden fire doors.

Among the advantages of wooden fire partitions, one can highlight the high aesthetic qualities of such a design. Especially when we're talking about about stylized interior design in compliance with all requirements fire safety.

The disadvantages include:

• Insufficient bearing capacity– a wooden frame does not allow the installation of large-sized structures due to the large weight of the partition fabric;
• Lack of light transmission - such a partition does not allow light to pass through (except when used wood profile with fire-resistant glass sheet), therefore this design cannot be used where a lighting source is needed;
• The cost of this type of partition is quite high.

Steel

Most often, steel is used as a frame (frame, profile), less often for the actual fabric of fire partitions. And then, in this case, the steel sheet is sheets of steel with which they sheathe insulating material– fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard sheets (or any other fire-resistant sandwich panels) or fire-retardant-treated wood or mineral mats.

Among the advantages of steel partitions are:

• High load-bearing capacity – steel frames are the most reliable and durable of all types of frames;
• Great variety in design - steel sheets the canvas can be finished to imitate almost any surface, including plastic, wood and stainless steel.

The disadvantages include:

• High cost;
• Large weight of the structure (especially large-sized ones);
• Lack of light transmission when making a partition in a solid design and without glazing.

Aluminum

One of the most popular materials for making profiles (frames, frames), especially when using fire-resistant glass together as a canvas.

In addition, wooden sheets, gypsum plasterboard sheets, and mineral wool (basalt) insulating mats can also be used with an aluminum frame.

The advantages of aluminum fire partitions are:

• High reliability;
• Light weight compared to steel profile;
• Excellent appearance and performance characteristics.

There are practically no disadvantages to this type of structure. That is why, in most cases, these partitions are best choice in terms of price-quality ratio.

Drywall (GKL)

Fire-resistant partitions made of fire-resistant plasterboard (GKL) are very popular due to their relatively low cost.

GKL sheets are, of course, used exclusively as PP fabric and are not used as load-bearing frame. The gypsum plasterboard canvas can be additionally sheathed with steel, aluminum or wooden sheets.

For profiles, aluminum and wooden frames, less often steel.

Glass

Glass fire partitions are undoubtedly the leader among other types of PP. Of course, only PP fabric is produced from fire glass.

Fire-resistant glass has all the necessary fire protection, technical and aesthetic qualities, and in addition provides endless opportunities for interior designers and planners.

The manufacturing technology of fire-resistant partitions with glazing is identical to the manufacturing technology of glass fire-resistant doors.

Here are just some of the advantages of glass PP:

• High strength;
• Any required fire resistance limit;
• Excellent sound insulation characteristics;
• Impeccable appearance;
• 100% light transmission (completely transparent);
• Relatively light weight;
• Possibility to produce designs of any non-standard shapes.

The disadvantages of glazed fire partitions include their relatively high price.

Glass PP can be either solid (otherwise called all-glass fire-resistant partitions) or with a built-in fire door - this option is used most often.

Moreover, the fire door can be made of any material - it can be metal, wood or glass (translucent).

Also, doors can open in one direction or in both directions - such a fire partition is sometimes called pendulum, although only the door itself is pendulum.

Installation locations

Fire partitions, like any other fire-resistant structures, are installed in a wide variety of buildings and structures, but most often they can be found at construction sites in the following areas:

• Healthcare – in clinics, hospitals, maternity hospitals, etc.;
• Education – in kindergartens, schools, universities, etc.;
• Trade – in shopping centers, pavilions and markets;
• Real estate - in private and multi-apartment residential buildings;
• Services – in restaurants, cafes, public canteens, etc.;
• Business – in office and business centers, banks, etc.;
• Entertainment – ​​in entertainment centers, cinemas, clubs, circuses, etc.;
• Production - in factories, factories and others manufacturing enterprises, as well as various warehouse facilities, especially when it comes to storing flammable and explosive materials.

If we talk about specific places for installing fire partitions in all of the above objects, then most often they are installed:

• In vestibules and halls;
• On elevator platforms;
• In close proximity to stairs (especially those leading to an emergency exit);
• In corridors for various purposes (especially long ones);
• In server rooms;
• In electrical switchboard rooms and premises;
• In kitchen and dining rooms of buildings and structures.

Required Documentation

Fire partitions, like any other fire-resistant structure, must have the following set of mandatory documents:

• Certificate - without it, any fire structure, including PP, cannot be called fire-resistant and is not valid. Installing the product without a fire safety certificate is strictly prohibited. A certificate for PP is issued to the manufacturer after successful completion relevant fire tests.
• The passport is also a mandatory operational document and must be included with the partition.

Fires in homes, industrial and other buildings pose a terrible threat to human life and often cause great material damage. To protect people from irreparable consequences, the state has developed a number of fire safety standards and rules (SNiP) that any premises must comply with.

One of important details The safety of every building are fire partitions. They are always in demand by large office buildings, shops and factories, as they prevent the spread of fire and smoke during a fire, providing people with the opportunity to evacuate in a timely manner.

Today, many companies are engaged in their installation, but not all of their production meets the established standards. The AB-Profi company offers its customers the installation of fire partitions in accordance with all the requirements and standards of SNiP and GOST.

What is a fire partition?

This is a barrier that prevents fire from spreading from one room to other rooms. Such barriers are divided into several types depending on fire resistance indicators.

Types of fire partitions according to GOST:

• Type 1 fire partition – must have a fire resistance rating of El 45;

• Type 2 fire partition – must have a fire resistance rating of El15.

These indicators mean that each of these partitions can contain fire for 45 or 15 minutes. The letters E and l have important: E is the standard for the integrity of the partition, l means the ability of the structure to insulate heat for a specified time.

You can also find additional indicators EIW30 or EIW60, where, in addition to the designations E and l, another letter W is indicated. It shows the limit of heat flux density on the unheated side.

In addition to compliance with fire resistance standards according to GOST, there are several more rules established by law (SNiP).

Rules governing the production of fire partitions:

• Compliance with fire resistance indicators according to GOST.

• Any fire-preventing partition must be made from fire-resistant materials (clause 3.2 of SNiP 2.01.02 - 85).

• Fireproof plasterboard (GKL) with a frame made of fireproof materials such as steel or aluminum (GOST 6266-89). In this case, the mating angles must have a fire resistance rating of at least 1.25 for the first type and 0.75 for the second;

• Fireproof plastic;

• Fire-resistant glass - with a frame made of non-combustible materials or cast, transmitting light, or made using a special technology - in a multilayer method;

• Glass blocks are used in premises subject to particularly high fire safety requirements. They do not melt, do not crack, and completely prevent the penetration of fire and the spread of heat;

Each of the materials has its own advantages and disadvantages; brick and partitions are especially popular due to their strength, as well as plastic and gypsum plasterboard sheets with a frame due to their low cost.

Glass fire partitions or their analogues made of glass blocks are no less durable than brick ones, they are distinguished by beautiful appearance, but their prices are much higher than those of analogues made from other materials.

• The fire-resistant partition must provide free space above suspended ceilings ( P. 3.10 SNiP 2.01.02 – 85).

• Any room located in the basement must be separated from others by a fire partition.

Fire partitions have two design options:

• Stationary - these are partitions made of hollow brick, at least 10 cm thick.

• Mobile - fire barriers made of fireproof material with a metal frame; they can be easily dismantled and moved to other places.

Construction of structures

Each fire partition differs in design depending on the type of structure. Stationary partitions are brickwork, it is distinguished from a wall by its masonry technology - the brick is laid edgewise.

Mobile partitions are based on metal carcass, which is filled with a heat-insulating base, and the surface is decorated with any fire-resistant material.

All internal joints and seams are sealed special compounds, which swell when heated strongly, completely fill the smallest cavities and block not only fire, but also smoke.

table 2

Fire barriers

	Questions to be verified	Provided
	Availability of fireproof ceilings in the premises	There are 3 types of fireproof floors made of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs	fireproof ceilings 3 types	SP 2.13130.2009	corresponds
	Fire resistance of fire resistant floors		Required fire resistance limit for type 3 floors REI45	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Class fire danger floors		Required fire hazard class for floors K0	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	The need for the device and the presence of fire partitions	Type 1 fire partitions are provided	Parts of buildings, structures, fire compartments, as well as premises of various classes functional fire hazard must be separated from each other by fencing structures with standardized fire resistance limits and structural fire classes hazards or fire barriers.	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Fire resistance of fire partitions	Fire resistant partitions are provided with fire hazard class K0 with a fire resistance limit of EI45.	The required fire hazard class for fire partitions is K0. Required fire resistance limit EI45.	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Filling openings in fire barriers	Filling of openings in fire partitions is provided with fire doors of the 2nd type.	Fire resistance limits for the corresponding types of filling of openings in fireproof barriers are given in Table 24 of the appendix to Federal Law No. 123-FZ.	Article 88 clause 3, table 24 Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Fire resistance limit of fire doors	Type 2 fire doors with a fire resistance rating of EI30 are provided.	The required fire resistance limit for fire doors of type 2 is EI30.	Table 24 Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds

3.3.Checking the compliance of escape routes

Evacuation is understood as the process of organized independent movement of people out of premises in which there is a possibility of exposure to dangerous fire factors. Evacuation should also be considered the non-independent movement of people belonging to low-mobility groups of the population, carried out by service personnel. Evacuation is carried out along evacuation routes through emergency exits.

The objectives are to ensure the timely and unhindered evacuation of people from the premises before the onset of a critical value for at least one of the types of physical safety conditions.

The task is solved by standardized, constructive and space-planning solutions aimed at isolating smoke sources, creating conditions for the unhindered movement of people during evacuation, limiting the use of combustible finishing materials on escape routes.

The main indicator of the effectiveness of a solution that ensures the safety of people is the time it takes for people in the event of a fire to leave the room or building as a whole without harm to their health ( t nb, min.) The safety condition for people is considered fulfilled if :

Where t R– actual time of evacuation of people, min., t nb– required evacuation time, min.

Compliance with this condition is verified (“Calculation of evacuation time”) of the course project using calculations.

In addition, during the examination of evacuation routes, compliance with the following safety conditions in the project is checked:

Where
- the actual and required number of emergency exits, respectively.

Where
- actual and required width of emergency exits.

Where
- respectively, the actual and required total width of emergency exits.

- actual and required length, respectively escape routes.

Evacuation routes within a premises are routes that ensure the safe evacuation of people through emergency exits from a given premises without taking into account the fire extinguishing and smoke protection equipment used in it.

Table 3

Evacuation routes

	Questions to be verified	Provided
1.Number of emergency exits
	Number of emergency exits from the 1st floor	There is one emergency exit to the outside		SP1.13130.2009	does not match
	Number of emergency exits from the second and subsequent floors	There is one exit from the second floor and from the third floor of the building	Each floor of the building must have at least 2 emergency exits.	SP1.13130.2009	does not match
	Number of emergency exits from the basement floor	Two exits provided	At least two emergency exits must have basement and ground floors with an area of ​​more than 300 m2 or intended for the simultaneous occupancy of more than 15 people.	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
2. Dispersal of emergency exits
	Dispersal of emergency exits from the basement floor	Exits are located dispersed	Emergency exits should be located dispersedly with 2 or more L= 10500< 10 4 90	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
3. Length of evacuation routes, dimensions of evacuation routes, dimensions of emergency exit doors
	Width flight of stairs	Width of flight of stairs L1=1.21 m.,	The width of a flight of stairs in buildings must be no less than the width of the exit to the staircase from the most populated floor, but not less than 1.35 m.	SP1.13130.2009	L1 - does not correspond; L2-corresponds; L3-compliant
	Landing width	Width landings greater than the march width	The width of landings must be no less than the width of the flight	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
	Length of escape route along corridors	Less than 60 meters	Corridors longer than 60 m should be divided by type 2 fire partitions into sections whose length should not exceed 60 m.	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
	Width of the emergency exit from the 1st floor sales area		The width of the emergency exit (door) from trading floors should be at least 1.2 m in halls with a capacity of more than 50 people.	SP1.13130.2009	does not match
	Width of the emergency exit from the dining room on the 2nd floor		The width of the emergency exit (door) from dining halls should be at least 1.2 m in halls with a capacity of more than 50 people.	SP1.13130.2009	does not match
	Width of emergency exits from office premises and rooms on the 3rd floor	From office premises - 1.0 m; From offices - 0.8 m
	Width of the basement evacuation corridor			SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
	Width of the evacuation corridor of the 3rd floor		The clear width of horizontal sections of evacuation routes must be at least 1.2 m for common corridors along which more than 50 people can evacuate from premises.	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
4. Design evacuation routes and exits
	Finishing of escape routes	The building structures of evacuation routes correspond to the fire hazard class of structures K0	Made from non-flammable material	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
	Door opening direction: Basement premises; Premises on the 1st floor; Premises on the 2nd floor; 3rd floor premises	The doors of storerooms, bathrooms, technical rooms and utility rooms open against the direction of exit from the building, the doors of the corridor open in the direction of exit from the room All doors open in the direction of exit from the building All doors open in the direction of exit from the building, except for bathroom doors Doors of office premises, cabinets, technical rooms and utility rooms open against the direction of exit from the building	Doors of emergency exits and other doors on escape routes must open in the direction of exit from the building. The direction of door opening is not standardized for: premises with no more than 15 people occupied at the same time. (except for premises of categories A and B); storage rooms with an area of ​​no more than 200 sq. m without permanent jobs; sanitary facilities;	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds corresponds corresponds corresponds
	The presence of self-closing door mechanisms, the presence of seals in the door ledges	No data	Doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, lobbies and staircases should not have locks that prevent them from being freely opened from the inside without a key. Staircases, as a rule, must have doors with a device for self-closing and with a seal in the recesses. In staircases, it is allowed not to provide devices for self-closing and sealing in the vestibules for doors leading directly out. The characteristics of self-closing devices for doors located on evacuation routes must correspond to the force required for the unimpeded opening of doors by a person belonging to the main contingent in the building.	SP1.13130.2009	provide data
	Presence of thresholds on escape routes	No data	In the floor along escape routes, height differences of less than 45 cm and protrusions are not allowed, with the exception of thresholds in doorways. In places where there is a difference in heights, stairs with a number of steps of at least three or ramps with a slope of no more than 1:6 should be provided. If the height of stairs is more than 45 cm, fences with a height of at least 1.2 m with railings should be provided. Devices are not allowed on escape routes spiral staircases, stairs that are completely or partially curved in plan, as well as winder and curved steps, steps with different tread widths and different heights within the flight of stairs and stairwells.	SP1.13130.2009	Provide data
	Presence of narrowings, protruding structures and equipment on escape routes	There are no narrowings, protruding structures or equipment	In the corridors on escape routes it is not allowed to place equipment protruding from the plane of the walls at a height of less than 2 m, gas pipelines and pipelines with flammable liquids, as well as built-in wardrobes, except for communications cabinets and fire hydrants.	SP1.13130.2009	corresponds
5. Design of stairs and staircases
	Availability of natural light in staircases	Natural lighting is designed only in the stairwell L3. The glazing area is more than 1.2 m2.	Staircases, with the exception of type L2 and basement staircases, must have light openings with an area of ​​at least 1.2 m2 in the external walls on each floor.	SP1.13130.2009	L2, L3 – correspond; L1 – does not correspond
	Fire resistance of staircase walls		For buildings of fire resistance class II: REI90	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Fire resistance of staircases and flights		For buildings of fire resistance class II: R60	Federal Law No. 123-FZ	corresponds
	Exits from the staircase	The staircases have access outside to the area adjacent to the building	Staircases must have access outside to the area adjacent to the building directly or through a vestibule separated from adjacent corridors by partitions with doors.

Fire barrier A building structure with a standardized fire resistance limit and a class of structural fire hazard of the structure, a volumetric element of a building, structure, or other engineering solution, designed to prevent the spread of fire from one part of a building, structure to another or between buildings, structures, structures, green spaces. Source: the federal law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ (previous edition) (Article 2, Article 37).

Fire barrier - building construction with a standardized fire resistance limit and a class of structural fire hazard of a structure, a volumetric element of a building or other engineering solution designed to prevent the spread of fire from one part of a building, structure to another or between buildings, structures, green spaces; Source: The federal law " Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" 123-FZ

3. FIRE BARRIERS

3.1*. Fire barriers include fire walls, partitions, ceilings, zones, airlock vestibules, doors, windows, hatches, and valves. The scope of application of fire barriers is established in paragraphs. 1.1, 2.4, 3.4, 3.11, 3.13, 3.15, 3.17, 3.21 and in SNiP part 2.

3.2*. The types of fire barriers and their minimum fire resistance limits should be taken according to table. 2.

Table 2*

Fire barriers	Type of fire barriers or their elements	Minimum fire resistance limit of fire barriers or their elements, h
Fire walls	1	2,5
	2	0,75
Fire partitions	1	0,75
	2	0,25
Fireproof ceilings	1	2,5
	2	1
	3	0,75
Fire doors and windows	1	1,2
	2	0,6
	3	0,25
Fire gates, hatches, valves	1	1,2
	2	0,6
Airlock vestibules Elements of airlock vestibules: fire partitions fire resistant floors fire doors	1	0,75
	3	0,75
	2	0,6
Fire zones (see clause 3.13) Elements of fire protection zones: fire walls separating the area from the fire compartments fire barriers inside the area columns fire resistant floors coating elements exterior walls	1	-
	2	0,75
	2	0,75
	-	2,5
	3	0,75
	-	0,75
	-	0,75

Fire walls, partitions, ceilings, structures of fire zones and airlock vestibules, as well as the filling of light openings in fire barriers must be made of non-combustible materials.

It is allowed to use wood in fire doors and hatches of types 1 and 2 that is protected on all sides by non-combustible materials with a thickness of at least 4 mm or has been deeply impregnated with fire retardants or other fire-retardant treatment, ensuring its compliance with the requirements for low-combustible materials.

It is allowed to use partitions made of plasterboard sheets in accordance with GOST 6266-89 as fire protection, with a frame made of non-combustible materials, with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours for partitions of the 1st type and 0.75 hours for partitions of the 2nd type. The junctions of these partitions with other structures must have a fire resistance limit of at least 1.25 hours and 0.75 hours, respectively.

3.3. The fire resistance limit of fire doors and gates should be determined according to ST SEV 3974-85, and for fire windows, hatches and valves - according to ST SEV 1000-78. At the same time, limit states for fire resistance for windows are characterized only by collapse and loss of density, and for fire doors of elevator shafts - only by thermal insulation ability and loss of density of the door leaf.

3.4. In fire walls of types 1 and 2, fire doors, gates, windows and valves of types 1 and 2, respectively, should be provided. In type 1 fire partitions, type 2 fire doors, gates, windows and valves should be provided, and in type 2 fire partitions, type 3 fire doors and windows should be provided. In fire-resistant floors of the 1st type, fire-resistant hatches and valves of the 1st type should be used, and in fire-resistant ceilings of the 2nd and 3rd types, fire-resistant hatches and valves of the 2nd type should be used.

3.5. Fire walls must rest on foundations or foundation beams, be erected to the full height of the building, and cross all structures and floors. Fire walls can be installed directly on the frame structures of a building or structure made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the fire resistance limit of the frame, together with its filling and fastening units, must be no less than the required fire resistance limit of the corresponding type of fire wall.

3.6. Fire walls must rise above the roof: at least 60 cm, if at least one of the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, is made of flammable materials; not less than 30 cm, if the elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of low-combustible materials. Fire walls may not rise above the roof if all elements of the attic or non-attic covering, with the exception of the roof, are made of non-combustible materials.

3.7. Fire walls in buildings with external walls made using flammable or slow-burning materials must intersect these walls and protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall by at least 30 cm. When constructing external walls made of non-combustible materials with strip glazing, the fire walls must separate the glazing. In this case, it is allowed that the fire wall does not protrude beyond the outer plane of the wall.

3.8. When dividing a building into fire compartments, the fire protection wall must be the wall of a higher and wider compartment. It is allowed to place windows, doors and gates with non-standardized fire resistance limits in the outer part of the fire wall at a distance above the roof of the adjacent compartment of at least 8 m vertically and at least 4 m from the walls horizontally.

3.9. It is allowed to install ventilation and smoke ducts in fire walls so that where they are located, the fire resistance limit of the fire wall on each side of the duct is at least 2.5 hours.

3.10. Fire partitions in rooms with suspended ceilings should separate the space above them.

3.11. When placing fire walls or fire partitions in places where one part of the building adjoins another at an angle, it is necessary that the horizontal distance between the nearest edges of the openings located in the external walls be at least 4 m, and the sections of walls, cornices and roof overhangs adjacent to fire wall or partition at an angle, for a length of at least 4 m, were made of non-combustible materials. If the distance between these openings is less than 4 m, they must be filled with fire doors or windows of type 2.

3.12. Fireproof ceilings must be adjacent to external walls made of non-combustible materials, without gaps. Fire floors in buildings with external walls that spread fire, or with glazing located at the floor level, must cross these walls and glazing.

3.13. It is allowed, in the cases provided for in SNiP Part 2, to provide fire protection zones of the 1st type instead of fire walls to divide buildings into fire compartments. The fire zone of the 1st type is made in the form of an insert dividing the building along the entire width (length) and height. The insert is a part of the building formed by type 2 fire walls that separate the insert from the fire compartments. The width of the zone must be at least 12 m. In rooms located within the fire zone, it is not allowed to use or store flammable gases, liquids and materials, as well as to provide for processes associated with the formation of flammable dusts. It is allowed to use insulation made of low-combustible materials and roofing made of combustible materials in covering the fire zone, taking into account the requirements of clause 3.6. Openings are allowed in the fire walls of the zone provided they are filled in accordance with clause 3.17.

3.14*. Excluded.

3.15. Constructive solutions for fire zones in buildings should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.09.03-85.

3.16. Fire walls and zones must retain their functions in the event of a one-sided collapse of adjacent structures.

3.17. It is allowed to provide openings in fire barriers provided they are filled with fire doors, windows, gates, hatches and valves or when airlock vestibules are installed in them. The total area of ​​openings in fire barriers, with the exception of elevator shaft fences, should not exceed 25% of their area. Fire doors and gates in fire barriers must have seals in the vestibules and devices for self-closing. Fire windows must be non-opening.

3.18. Doors of airlock vestibules on the side of rooms in which flammable gases, liquids and materials are not used or stored, and there are no processes associated with the formation of flammable dusts, may be made of flammable materials with a thickness of at least 4 cm and without voids. In airlock vestibules, air pressure should be provided in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-86.

3.19. Fire walls, zones, as well as type 1 fire ceilings are not allowed to be crossed by channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting flammable gas and dust-air mixtures, flammable liquids, substances and materials.

3.20. At the intersection of fire walls, fire zones, as well as type 1 fire ceilings with channels, shafts and pipelines (except for water supply, sewerage, steam and water heating pipelines) for transporting media other than those specified in paragraph.

3.19, should be provided automatic devices, preventing the spread of combustion products through channels, shafts and pipelines during a fire.

3.21. The enclosing structures of elevator shafts, machine rooms, elevator compartments, channels, shafts and niches for laying communications must meet the requirements for fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type. If it is not possible to install fire doors in the enclosures of elevator shafts, vestibules or halls with type 1 fire partitions and type 3 ceilings should be provided.

3.22. When designing intersections of fire barriers with air ducts, you should be guided by the instructions of SNiP 2.04.05-86.