Plan
1.Introduction
2. Features of size, rhyme and ideological content
3. Artistic techniques and their role in the text
4.Conclusion
F. I. Tyutchev is rightfully considered one of the most brilliant landscape poets of the nineteenth century. His poems not only depict the beauty of nature, but also draw an invisible parallel between it and the human world. And even though he devoted most of his life government activities, however, among his four hundred poems, each is certainly the greatest creation of the poetic and philosophical thought of the true creator. This work was written by the poet in 1830.
The text is created in iambic pentameter with cross rhyme. The structure of the verse itself is surprising, because it consists of one complex sentence that can be read in one breath. Undoubtedly, this was not done by accident. The image of autumn, as a moment of preparation for a kind of death - sleep in nature, is so short-lived that this syntactic feature is precisely intended to emphasize.
Created in a romantic vein, the poem is an example of landscape lyricism, but at the same time it is filled with deep philosophical meaning, which is contained in the figurative metaphorical nature of autumn, as the pores of a certain maturity in human life. The poet was able to discern in the dull autumn landscape that instant beauty, sometimes elusive to the gaze of every person, which is why the concept of “lightness of the evenings” arises.
The use of epithets “touching, mysterious charm” emphasizes the beauty of the moment, the mystery of the changes occurring in nature that we take for granted. The metaphorical epithet “sinister brilliance” suggests that all this beauty is about to disappear, and this is the insidiousness of the laws of the universe.
The use of assonances with “and”, “a”, “e”, “u” creates a certain length of poetic lines, bringing a feeling of despondency into the reader’s soul. Alliterations with “l”, “s”, “r” make it possible to convey the smoothness of movements contained in the fall of a leaf, the fluttering of branches from a gust of breeze. The personification “sad orphaned earth” so succinctly depicts the autumn landscape, in which the bare crowns of trees are immediately imagined, as if someone had deliberately stolen this beauty and decoration from the world.
But, despite the fact that everywhere the lyrical hero observes the damage brought by the autumn season, he notes a smile in every detail. And this is not without reason, because it is common knowledge that after autumn comes winter, and the long-awaited spring, when nature will be reborn again and appear in all its dazzling splendor. This is the law of life, and this is precisely its charm. It is in the last line that the poet draws a parallel between all the described natural sensations and man. After all, in the life of each of us there comes our own autumn, a time of wisdom, self-discovery, a time when we look back with a gentle smile, a time when we begin to appreciate every moment of our life.
It is in human autumn that we realize how fleeting life is, that it passes as instantly as autumn, that we no longer have the former beauty and splendor that we were so proud of earlier. But a person also has a kind of spring in his life, a new rebirth, which he will certainly feel in his children and grandchildren. How subtly Tyutchev noticed such burning questions in this poem. How skillfully he depicted everything living and inanimate as a single whole, endowing them with similar features and sensations, as if deliberately reminding us, the readers, of true values.
Analysis of the poem “Autumn Evening”
Analysis of the poem “Autumn Evening”
The purpose of the lesson– improving the skills of analysis and interpretation of literary and artistic works.
Educational goals– fostering a responsible attitude towards reading.
Learning Objectives– developing the aesthetic taste of students, teach them a comprehensive comprehension of a literary work.
Form of work – practical lesson and organization independent work students.
One of the most important tasks for the implementation of this goal is the development of students’ ability to aesthetically perceive the phenomena of literature and the reality reflected in it, and the cultivation of aesthetic taste.
A work of art is comprehended not only by the mind, but also by feelings and emotional memory. Extreme emotionality is characteristic of this type of literature, such as lyrics.
The specificity of a poetic text is that, firstly, it is usually plotless, and secondly, it is filled with hidden meaning, expressed very succinctly. Overcoming this form and revealing the depth of the content is possible only with slow, thoughtful reading, which is what schoolchildren must be taught.
Boris Kornilov, a poet, believes that indifference to music indicates underdevelopment of hearing, and indifference to poetry indicates underdevelopment of the soul.
Why is such a special role given to poetry? Lyrics are a type of literature characterized by subjectivity, direct expression of the author’s feelings and experiences, the laconic, accumulative nature of the verse, and the ambiguity of the poetic image.
These properties of lyrics are the focus of attention when studying poetic works in literature lessons.
N. Gumilyov’s article “Anatomy of a Poem” says: “A poem is a living organism that is subject to consideration: both anatomical and physiological.”
The organization of work with poetic text should be based on the main principle: from words - to thoughts and feelings, from form - to content.
1. Option for analyzing a lyrical work (displayed on the projector screen)
1. What mood becomes decisive for the poem. Do the author’s feelings change throughout the poem, and if so, through what words do we guess about this?
2. Are there any chains of words in the poem that are associated associatively or phonetically (by associations or by sounds).
3. The role of the first line. What music sounds in the poet’s soul when he takes up his pen?
4. The role of the last line. Which emotional level, compared to the beginning, does the poet finish the poem?
5. The sound background of the poem.
6. Color background of the poem.
9. Features of the composition of the poem.
10. Genre of the poem. Type of lyrics.
11. Literary direction(if it can be determined).
12. The meaning of artistic means.
13. History of creation, year of creation, the significance of this poem in the poet’s work. Are there any poems in the work of this poet that are similar or opposite to him in any way: form, theme? Is it possible to compare this poem with the works of other poets?
14. Compare the beginning and end of the poem: they often represent lexical-grammatical and semantic correlation.
15. Draw a conclusion about the emotional and meaningful meaning of the poem (interpret the poem). Briefly write down your understanding of the main content of the poem.
2. Poem analysis option (displayed on the projector screen)
Time to write.
Vocabulary. If there are words that require explanation lexical meaning, look in the dictionary. What lexical layers does the author use in the work ( professional vocabulary, dialectal, colloquial, reduced expressive, bookish, sublime, etc.)? What role do they play? In which thematic groups Is it possible to combine lexical units?
Morphological features. Are there any patterns in the author's use of parts of speech? Are verbs, nouns, adjectives or other parts of speech dominant? Features of using forms of parts of speech. What role do they play in the text?
Syntactic features. Pay attention to the sentence structure. Which ones predominate: complex, simple? What is the emotional nature of the sentences?
Image-experience. How do the lyrical hero’s feelings change from the beginning to the end of the work? What words can be called key in displaying the dynamics of the image-experience?
Artistic time and space of the work. What artistic details form the space-time continuum of the work?
The color scheme of the work. Are there words in the text that directly indicate color, or words and images that imply specific color? What is the combination of color elements in the text of the work? What relationship do they have (do they complement, smoothly transition into one another, contrast)?
The sound scale of the work. Are there words in the text that directly indicate a sound, or words and images that imply a specific sound? What is the nature of the sound scale of the work? Does the character of the sound change from stanza to stanza, from the beginning to the end of the work?
Facilities artistic expression. What tropes and figures does the author use to create images (epithets, metaphors, anaphora, antithesis, synecdoche, inversion, transference, etc.)? Describe their meaning. Is there a clear predominance of any technique? Its meaning. Note the use of sound notation. What type of sound writing does the author use (assonance, alliteration)? What role does she play?
Features of rhythmic structure. Determine the size of the poem (trochee, iambic, dactyl, amphibrachium, anapest), its features (pyrrhic, spondee). What role does size play in creating the mood and dynamics of images? Describe the nature of the rhyme, the method of rhyming, and the strophic organization of the work. What words exactly does the author rhyme? Why?
Artistic details. What other details and images need to be characterized? Which ones especially stand out in the work? What place do they occupy in the system of images? Are there details and techniques in the text of the work that are characteristic of the work of this author, which are also manifested in his other works? Are there details and techniques in the text of this work related to the author’s commitment to any literary movement?
Lyrical hero. What can you say about the character of the lyrical hero, about his feelings, attitude towards the world, towards life?
Genre of the work. What genre features are manifested in the work (elegy, thought, sonnet, etc.)? What type of art is this work close to (cinema, drama, music, etc.)? Why?
Theme of the work. What does the work say? What object, problem, feeling, experience is in the center of the image?
The idea of the work. How does the author perceive the named object, problem, feeling, experience? What does the author make the reader think about? Why was this work written?
In poems, philology and philosophy help to understand each other.
At the center of Tyutchev’s philosophy is primordial Chaos. Chaos is the primordial element of existence, an abyss that is revealed at night. It is opposed by Cosmos - an ordered, well-ordered world. Chaos is primordial matter, a brute healthy force from which man separated and created civilization. But civilization is only a cover over the abyss. It does not isolate these forces. Tyutchev's poetry is a dialogue between the struggle between Chaos and space.
Tyutchev’s nature is not a landscape inhabited by plants, animals and people, but a cosmos in which the elements of water, thunderstorms, and nights, which are independent forces of the universe, live and operate. For the poet, night is not only one of the aspects of existence, but also an expression of its essence. Day is the healing of the soul after a painful night, the time when the human soul feels liberated from torment and suffering. This is the blessed cover of the fatal world. The poet is equally sensitive to both sides of reality. He understands that the light gold-woven cover is just the top, and not the basis of the universe. Chaos - negative boundlessness, the yawning abyss of all madness and ugliness, demonic impulses rebelling against everything positive and proper - this is the deepest essence of the world soul.
Thus, behind every landscape sketch created in poems, there is a philosophical picture of the world.
Autumn evening
There are in the brightness of autumn evenings
Touching, mysterious charm;
The ominous shine and diversity of trees,
Crimson leaves languid, light rustle,
Misty and quiet azure
Over the sad orphaned land,
And, like a premonition of descending storms,
Gusty, cold wind at times,
Damage, exhaustion - and everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being we call
Divine modesty of suffering.
This poem was written by Tyutchev in 1830 during one of his short visits to Russia. Perhaps that is why it is imbued with a feeling as subtle as a taut string, comparable to the feeling that arises at the moment of farewell to a dear person, and, moreover, an inevitable farewell. What creates this feeling?
Let's consider color scheme poems. On the one hand, it is quite variegated: shine and variegation, crimson leaves, azure; but, at the same time, the poet slightly muffles this diversity, making it cautious. With using what? With the help of epithets: touching, mysterious, languid, light, foggy, quiet, sad and orphaned, bashful, meek. In general, the poem is full of epithets. An epithet is a bright, figurative, artistic definition, the function of which is to create colorful images, an emotional atmosphere, and convey the author’s position.
In this poem, the epithets are diverse in structure and meaning. The compound epithet sad-orphaned conveys both the poet’s attitude towards the person depicted and the state of nature: sadness, orphanhood, loneliness; it is this epithet that emphasizes the theme of farewell, parting. But this is a separation caused by death.
Epithets contrast with each other. Following the “touching, mysterious charm” appears “an ominous brilliance.” Then “foggy and quiet azure” and “gusty, cold wind” alternate. The poet does not contrast contrasting states, but combines them, as he strives to depict a transitional moment in the life of nature: farewell to autumn and the anticipation of winter.
The entire poem is one sentence. The sentence is complex, in the first part - homogeneous members with a general word. The pronoun with the preposition on everything absorbs rustling, variegation, azure, and “wind”. No matter how differently these details that make up the picture of nature are characterized, this image is united and completed by a gentle smile of withering. The text is pronounced in one breath, like a farewell exhalation.
Autumn beauty is dying. Behind the image of nature, a human image arises. The creation of this parallel is facilitated, among other things, by the already indicated epithet sad-orphaned. This personification is even more intensified in the lines: Damage, exhaustion - and on everything // That gentle smile of withering, // What in a rational being we call // Divine bashfulness of suffering.
Meek - kind, submissive, meek. An image appears of a girl humbly awaiting the inevitability of the end.
said about F. Tyutchev’s poem “Autumn Evening”: “The impression that you experience when reading these poems can only be compared with the feeling that takes over a person at the bedside of a young, dying woman with whom he was in love.”
Tyutchev echoes the poem “Autumn” written later.
… … … I like her,
Like you probably are a consumptive maiden
Sometimes I like it. Condemned to death
The poor thing bows down without a murmur, without anger.
A smile is visible on faded lips;
She does not hear the gaping of the grave abyss;
A crimson color plays on the face.
She is still alive today, gone tomorrow.
Pushkin's image, like Tyutchev's, retains echoes of its former beauty and is confused by the obvious signs of decay. Both poems are also united by a premonition of still distant but approaching upheavals.
The desire to capture the transitional state both in human life and in the life of nature is characteristic of the work of F. Tyutchev. Tyutchev is interested in observations of the elements of nature and its patterns. With the help of such observations, the poet seeks to understand the essence of existence, the universal laws of the universe.
Homework:
Analyze the poem yourself . “How rich I am in crazy verses!..”
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a Russian diplomat, not devoid of poetic romanticism and a philosophical worldview. He happened to live during the heyday of Russian literature. And although writing poetry was not Tyutchev’s main craft, he entered literature as a wonderful poet with his own, inimitable style.Is there a Russian who doesn’t know his famous lines: “You can’t understand Russia with your mind...”? This patriotism, strength and power are inherent in many of the author’s works, even when it comes to love or nature.
The great romantic was born in November 1803. He spent his childhood in the Oryol province under the supervision of older relatives. Elementary education was obtained at home. Fyodor was drawn to knowledge from childhood; many around him noticed the boy’s extraordinary intelligence.
The training was carried out by a poet-translator named Raich. He told Fedor about the literature of antiquity, as well as about Italian culture. By the age of 12, Tyutchev easily translated foreign publications of various writers.
Two years later he finishes his studies and gets a job at a college foreign affairs. Very soon he receives a new position and is sent to Munich as a member of the diplomatic mission. Tyutchev liked Europe. Here he makes friends with Schelling, as well as Heine, and translates the works of famous German classics into Russian. Here he wrote many works that were later published in Russia.
The main event that could make him famous occurred in 1836. It was at this time that his works were published in the Sovremennik magazine, which belonged to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
Fyodor Ivanovich would return from Europe only in 1944. He begins to work at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. Ten years later, the writer is appointed to a new position as chairman. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a very significant figure, he is respected and appreciated. He had a great sense of humor and was also an excellent conversationalist.
Analysis of the poem “Autumn Evening”
This work belongs precisely to that period of the poet’s formation, where Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev just began to actively develop. The masterpiece “Autumn Evening” refers to early creativity. The poem was created back in the 30th year of the nineteenth century. At the time of writing, the author was in Russia during his next visit to his homeland.The work “Autumn Evening” was created in the spirit of an elegant and classic movement for that time - romanticism. The masterpiece is distinguished by its softness and lightness; it stands out significantly among works of landscape poetry. In Fyodor Ivanovich’s poem, the reader does not easily see the autumn evening, which is a certain phenomenon of natural nature. The author describes the relationship between natural nature and human activity. Such features give the lines a special and deep philosophical meaning.
The work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev “Autumn Evening” is a kind of extended metaphor. The poet understands the feeling of the gentle smile of withering in the autumn season. He compares it to a deity and describes it in the form of human suffering, being a prototype of morality.
Features of the poem “Autumn Evening”
The classic work by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was created using iambic pentameter. There is a specific cross-rhyme characteristic of the author. The poem refers to short works and includes only twelve lines. All lines are the only complex sentence in the work. It can be read in one breath, like many of Fyodor Ivanovich’s masterpieces. To connect all the details of the plot that surrounds the lyrical hero, the phrase about the gentle smile of fading is used. Natural nature in the work is described as a multifaceted and constantly changing element. There is a huge variety of colors and sounds here. The author conveyed to the reader as efficiently as possible the almost elusive charming moments associated with twilight in the autumn season. It is at this time that the specific evening sun can completely change the entire face globe. At the same time, the colors become as bright and saturated as possible. This is also interesting in the description of the azure, purple foliage, special shine, as well as the variegation of the trees. The translucent haze is softened with the help of exquisite epithets. For example, fog and lightness.
In the poem “Autumn Evening,” the author creates a classic picture of natural nature in the autumn period of the year. In this, the poet is helped by syntactic condensations, which are able to connect together multiple means that personify artistic expressiveness. It is worth considering the main ones:
»
Grace. It is depicted in the words exhaustion and damage.
»
Personifications. For example, the languid whisper of autumn leaves.
»
Metaphor. There are many such phrases, for example, the ominousness of shine, as well as a fading smile.
»
Epithet. Prominent representatives of such means of expression are touching, meekness, modesty, and vagueness.
The last point from the above-described list of means of expression in the work “Autumn Evening” is especially developed. Epithets can be different both in structure and in special meaning. It is worth considering the main types that are described in the poem:
»
Synthetic. This type includes the ominous brilliance and diversity of nature.
»
Colored. Description of the purpleness of the foliage.
»
Complex. These are phrases written with a hyphen, for example, sad-orphaned natural nature.
»
Contrasting. This is a touching, especially mysterious charm, an ominous radiance, the nebula and silence of the azure, the gusts of the wind and its coldness. These means of expression convey the state of nature, which at that time is transitional, as qualitatively as possible. This is a kind of farewell of the lyrical hero to autumn and anticipation of the frosty season.
Features of natural nature in the verse “Autumn Evening”
The state of nature in the work is presented to the reader with particular sensitivity. In this, Fyodor Ivanovich is helped by the peculiar alliteration used in the lines. It allows you to make the effect of falling or whispering leaves as natural as possible, and also makes you feel the fresh breath of the wind, which is described as a gusty and cold element. The author in his works uses a specific pantheistic description of landscapes. Natural nature in Fyodor Ivanovich’s work “Autumn Evening” is humanized as much as possible. Autumn is as if a living creature is able to breathe, feels the space around it, experiences special joy and sadness from certain life moments. Tyutchev perceives autumn as a certain suffering, this is indicated by a painful smile.
The great romantic did not separate the special world of nature from the peculiarities of life common man. There is a special parallel between these images, which is created mainly with the help of a specific epithet, where autumn is described as sad and orphaned. The author focuses on the theme of farewell.
The poem “Autumn Evening” contains the lightest possible sadness of nature, which evokes a premonition of the imminent arrival of the winter season. These sensations are mixed with special joy, because the seasons have their own cycles and in winter There will definitely be a revival, which will be full of bright and rich colors.
Tyutchev's poem describes a single moment. The author tried to create a unique impression for the reader, containing special thoughts and sensations, as well as complete infinity associated with his own life's path. The work provides a comparison autumn period years of exceptional spiritual maturity, when a person will gain wisdom. He advises living life wisely and appreciating almost every moment.
On one of his visits to Russia, after eight years of service in the Russian mission in the Bavarian kingdom, that is, in the fall of 1830, Tyutchev, suddenly inspired by the picturesque picture of the autumn withering of nature, instantly sketched 12 lines of a magnificent, amazing poem "Autumn evening".
Perhaps it can be classified as classical romanticism. It is impossible to classify it as a banal landscape lyric, because it is so openwork, intricate And metaphorical his philosophical canvas. The brilliant expression “the gentle smile of withering” is continued by the no less brilliant rhyme “the divine modesty of suffering.”
The beauty of fading autumn nature middle zone manifests itself in a bewitching abundance of the most excellent epithets: “crimson leaves”, “ominous shine and variegation of trees”, “foggy and quiet azure” and others no less expressive. But at the same time, Tyutchev uses the effect of muting, pastel colors in the picture of fading nature he creates: meek, foggy, light, bashful. The entire palette of Tyutchev’s work, with its “ominous shine” and “variegation of trees”, “crimson” color of leaves, “foggy” azure, is literally permeated with a premonition of the imminent and inexorable approach of winter oblivion: “... and on everything // That gentle smile of withering... "
But it would be extremely naive, as mentioned above, to perceive Tyutchev’s poem as an example of landscape lyricism. This is not true at all. The quintessence of the description of nature by most Russian poets, in particular pictures of the evenings of Russian autumn, is showing them general essence(moreover, the favorite time of day in Russian poetry is evening, which clearly characterizes the worldview of Russian poets: minor-pessimistic). For a Russian poet, what is important is not the translation of an aesthetic impression, but its understanding as a natural phenomenon.
The declared analogy between natural phenomena and the phenomena of human life testifies to the synthesis in Tyutchev’s work of the human world and the natural world. This is in pure form pantheistic view. Tyutchev's nature is anthropomorphic: it breathes, feels, is sad and rejoices. For Tyutchev, autumn is gentle suffering, the painful smile of nature.
In a word, the amazing beauty of the autumn evening motivates Tyutchev to generalizations about human fate and the unearthly essence of suffering. But what is wonderful about this poem by Tyutchev is the clearly felt, although not written down, joy of the upcoming next spring reincarnation, when, after a winter sleep, nature will again demonstrate continuity life cycle, coloring the world with bright and juicy flowers and shades.
When writing this poem, Tyutchev used iambic pentameter And cross rhyme.
There are in the brightness of autumn evenings
Touching, mysterious charm!..
The ominous shine and diversity of trees,
Crimson leaves languid, light rustle,
Misty and quiet azure
Over the sad orphaned land
And, like a premonition of descending storms,
Gusty, cold wind at times,
Damage, exhaustion - and everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being we call
Divine modesty of suffering!
October 1830
The poem “Autumn Evening” refers to landscape lyrics. The poem describes the autumn landscape.
“Eating in the brightness of autumn evenings
Touching, mysterious beauty!”
The poem consists of twelve verses. At the beginning of the poem, the author admires nature. At the end the author is sad because autumn is ending:
"Damage, exhaustion - and everything
That gentle smile of withering.”
Nature at the beginning of the poem is calm and peaceful.
Our experts can check your essay using Unified State Exam criteria
Experts from the site Kritika24.ru
Teachers of leading schools and current experts of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
After nature begins to worry, it loses its calm.
The rhyme is cross. The poetic meter is iambic pentameter. The poem is read calmly.
The lyrical hero of the poem is the author himself. At the beginning, the author admires nature. However, then the author is filled with sadness and anxiety:
"Ominous shine and diversity of trees
Above the sad orphaned land.”
Well, how can you convey all the beauty of nature without using the means of artistic expression? Tyutchev, being a master of Russian literature, used many tropes in the poem: metaphors, comparisons. The poem is full of epithets that show us the emotions of nature: “touching mysterious charm”, “languid, light rustling of crimson leaves”, “foggy and quiet azure”. Metaphors: “over the sad orphaned earth”, “the smile of withering”, “the divine shyness of suffering”. Comparisons: “and like a premonition of descending storms.” All this gives the poem expressiveness and imagery.
I really liked the poem, because Tyutchev very beautifully and accurately describes autumn to us. I believe that this poem is comparable only to Pushkin’s.” It’s a sad time! The charm of the eyes.”
Updated: 2017-02-04
Attention!
Thank you for your attention.
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and click Ctrl+Enter.
Thus you will provide invaluable benefits project and other readers.
