Wood glue

Wooden products have been valued at all times, which is why many craftsmen love this material. Making small models requires care and precision. Fasteners are not used in such cases, because they often damage appearance. How to glue wood to wood? Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of products that will qualitatively connect the named parts.

When creating wooden structures, gluing is the most critical stage. Even the most experienced craftsmen sometimes make mistakes that cause great disappointment. Because of this, the workpieces become damaged, and all the work must be redone.

What is better to use for gluing?

Today there are many adhesive materials that are used for carpentry needs:

polyurethane compounds;
contact glue;
various types of PVA glues;
epoxy resin.

Each master always has several of the presented substances in stock. So, how do you glue wood to wood? Suitable option choose, paying attention to certain features of the future project:

wood features;
the conditions under which the product will be used;
the degree of load that will fall on the seam.

Glue Features

When choosing glue, you should also pay attention to its composition. It must be resistant to temperature changes, water and light. The most popular today include the following:

"BF";
PVA for wood;
industrial adhesive for working with wooden surfaces.

BF glue is used by many woodworkers due to its minimal drying time. The composition is not afraid of corrosion and rotting. It is resistant to oil, gasoline, and water.

PVA for wood is a non-toxic, cheap and practical substance that can reliably glue wooden parts. Their final adhesion occurs after 24 hours.

Industrial adhesives are waterproof and capable of bonding together. various breeds tree. At the final stage of work, this composition does not damage working tools.

PVA glue

This is an ideal substance for joining wood parts. It is environmentally friendly, not harmful to human health, and non-toxic. It is easy to apply to any surface configuration. The connection can withstand a maximum load of up to 60 kg/cm². Moreover, the substance has a long shelf life. PVA glue is actively used in the manufacture of furniture.

Which PVA is best for gluing wood is the choice of every craftsman. Its only drawback is its low moisture resistance.

Wood glue "BF"

Many people are interested in what is the best way to glue wood to wood. The BF series adhesive allows you to reliably connect different kinds surfaces. Today, the following modifications of the adhesive are popular: BF-2 and BF-4. The first one is used for interior work, the second is for external ones.

A high-quality connection can be achieved by applying two layers:

the first - primer - must dry within 1 hour;
the second - final - dries within a short period of time.

How to glue wood to wood

Before you start gluing wooden parts, you need to prepare the surface:

The areas of wood to be fastened should be cleaned of dust and dirt. To do this, go over the surface with a file or sandpaper. It must be sanded until smooth.
Wood glue needs to be applied thin layer on both surfaces. In this case, it should be rubbed in a little. The exception is the connection wooden surfaces polyurethane glue. It is applied to only one surface, and the second is slightly moistened with water.
The adhesive layer should be uniform, required quantity, since an excess of the substance does not improve the quality of the connection, but only contributes to the irrational consumption of material. In addition, the surfaces are smeared with excess, and this adds work to the craftsman at the stage of finishing the wooden product.
The parts are connected and placed under a press for a certain time, which is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.

The most reliable gluing of wooden parts when connecting tongue and groove. In this case, only the walls of the groove and the cheeks of the tenon are lubricated. This connection is very reliable and durable.

The adhesive should be applied as described above. After all, if you miss the coat hanger, you will not improve the quality of gluing. In this case, excess will only appear, which will have to be removed in the future.

How to apply glue

The main rule for applying glue to the surface of wood is its uniform distribution, and squeezing the substance out of a tube does not contribute to this. How to glue wood correctly?

For uniform application, the substance should be smeared. Often a brush with stiff bristles is used for such purposes. But experienced experts recommend using a toothbrush. It contains bristles of optimal rigidity and will be able to evenly and accurately distribute the composition over the surface.

Surface preparation: degreasing

Many experts claim that when gluing wooden elements, it is not necessary to degrease the surface. But with oil-bearing woods, such a procedure will not be superfluous. This can be done using white spirit.

It is also necessary to degrease surfaces when gluing dissimilar elements, for example, with plastic or glass. In this case, only one surface is degreased.

Do clamps guarantee high-quality grip?

The strength of the connection directly depends on the accuracy of the fit of the parts and the quality of their processing with glue. The amount of clamping force is practically unimportant here, so it is not necessary to tighten the clamps too much. A sign of good contact pressure is a small amount of bleed through glue.

Experts rarely use clamps. Woodworkers who make small items use tape or masking tape to secure them together. With well-fitted joints this is enough.

Cleaning the surface of dried glue

It seems that the main thing is to decide how to glue wood to wood. But it is important that this process is careful. All excess must be removed when the glue has completely hardened or immediately after application. If you decide to sand the surface of damp wood ahead of time, you can get an even greater aesthetic defect. And already hardened glue can be cut off with a chisel or cleaned by grinding, moving along the fibers.

Final stage

On final stage manufacturing any wooden structure held decorative finishing products. But first you should check whether there are any dirty spots left on the product. After all, traces of dried glue will appear under a layer of decorative material.

More and more people are trying to make furniture at home. This is due to the high cost of finished items and the impressive amount of available materials for work. With minimal equipment it is quite easy to build good and attractive-looking furniture. To do this, it is important to correctly connect the wooden parts together. One of the main participants in the process is wood glue, which must be properly selected and used.

What types of wood glue are there?

There are several types of adhesives. Below are some of them.

On a carpentry basis

Glue is often made from bone mass and elements of animal skin. Main function is recreated on the basis of the protein included in its composition. Previously, this product was the most widely used furniture manufacturers and wood processing plants. Nowadays such glue is used for gluing wood in rare cases. The composition is supplied for sale in granular form. In order to apply it, it is necessary to dissolve the particles using a glue maker with the addition of water. As an analogue, you can purchase a jelly-like mass, which must be brought to a more liquid state.

Animal fat compositions

Ecological, non-toxic mixtures that produce a durable seam. Additionally, you can grind and soften the resulting result. Of the adhesives of this type, casein is the best for use. This is a moisture-resistant composition that firmly holds a wooden surface, as well as paper, leather and fabric. externally it is a powder that is mixed with water to form sour cream. After applying the solution, you only need to wait 5 minutes for complete fixation and drying. Afterwards, it is important to press the parts of the wood to be glued together even tighter.

The solution stains the parts. It must be used with caution.

Hot-melt adhesive

It is important to use a special gun for application. The glue is convenient and can dry quickly. It is most often used for layouts. An analogue of hot melt adhesive is compositions in the form of sheets. To splice wood, they are placed between the parts and heated with an iron.

PVA glue for wood

This is the most famous and inexpensive water-based variation.

Hardening occurs by evaporation and absorption of moisture into the surface. The solution does not contain toxins and is well suited for small home renovation. The shelf life of PVA glue for wood is almost unlimited when secure storage at room temperature. If the load is increased, the ductile type has a high risk of “creep”. Standard View unstable to moisture. This parameter is more reliable for thick yellow PVA, which is also easy to sand.

Urea-formaldehyde adhesive for gluing wooden surfaces

A waterproof composition that perfectly fills cracks and hardens instantly. You can find a powder version on the market. To get started, you need to mix it with water. Apply the solution to both elements. There are compounds that are sold with an additional hardener. They lubricate one part, and the second is treated with the main mixture. The elements are additionally strengthened for a more thorough setting. Before you start working, you must wear special glasses and gloves. Fresh air must penetrate into the room during the gluing process.

Resorcinol adhesive composition

Good for fastening external elements, because remains resistant to environmental influences.
The adhesive kit for gluing includes two components: a hardener and formaldehyde resin. Some options are sold as a liquid solution, others have a powder formulation. After hardening, a dark brown seam is formed. Not recommended for use on light wood (it will be noticeable at the joint). Able to harden quickly at temperatures exceeding 15 degrees.

Dragon polymer adhesive

Can also grip wooden surfaces. The adhesive composition is widely used for plastic and brick. Available as a colorless liquid with pungent odor. The composition includes synthetic resin and organic-based solvents. Before using Dragon glue, you must first clean and degrease the surfaces. It is advisable to apply twice. After a minute, it is important to press both elements tightly and hold for about 20 seconds. The glue dries in about 60 minutes.

How to glue wood

This process can be carried out using either glue alone or with additional fasteners (screws, dowels and dowels). The gluing technology depends on the type of connecting elements.

Watch the video:

What is the essence of gluing

The parts are first cleaned and treated to expose the pores. When the adhesive is applied, it penetrates deep into the wood.

The optimal width of the workpiece, taking into account the reduction in size after processing, is 2.5 cm.

When wood is glued, when it dries, the solution transforms into many thin threads that reliably connect the parts together. If the seam is strong, the joint is stronger than the wood pieces themselves.

It is recommended to choose parts that are similar in texture and color, excluding damaged and cracked ones, as well as those with protruding pods. Unlike solid wood, glued wood is less likely to undergo deformation and cracks.

When fastening the workpieces, it is best to direct the annual rings in different directions.

Exist different technologies wood gluing:

on a smooth fugue. Method of joining smooth parts;
on a microspike. A similar technology for gluing wood is carried out by increasing the penetration of the solution to a thickness of up to 5 mm;
a jagged surface is formed on the parts;
on a toothed type spike. Increases penetration to 10mm when creating a jagged spike;
onto a tongue-and-groove (or in other words a tongue-and-groove). Fusion by connecting groove elements.

Gluing process

When gluing wood, the adhesive composition is most often applied to both pieces even layer. Its thickness largely depends on the type of glue and consistency, as well as the type of surface (the thinner, the less glue is required).

It is important to process the wood right before gluing. This increases the depth of penetration of the composition and prevents deformation.

When connecting two parts, the solution should come out in the form of a uniform roller. All drips must be removed immediately after the first stage of hardening. It is better to do this with a scraper or spatula. If excess glue hardens, it will ruin the entire painting and interfere with further processing surfaces.

You will learn more from the video:

The parts to be glued must have a humidity of 12-18%. When bonding wetter elements, specialized compounds are used that, when dry, draw moisture from the wood.

After applying the composition wooden elements you need to hold it for a certain amount of time. This way the glue will penetrate deeper, all the moisture will evaporate and the adhesive substances will concentrate. During this period, you should not keep the seam in a draft and expose the surface to the penetration of dust particles.

Some compositions are applied hot, instantly bonding the elements. In this situation, holding is not required.

To achieve stronger adhesion, glued wood is pressed using special compressing equipment. At home, you can use a vice and metal frames with a clamp. The pressure range must be maintained within 0.2-1.2 MPa. This is enough for home production.

If the technology is followed correctly, the result is reliable and durable. Unlike metal fasteners of parts, gluing does not spoil the appearance.

There are quite a lot of adhesive compositions on the market. At the same time, it is important to correctly select the workpieces, as well as follow the technology. And then the result will be durable, beautiful and reliable.

With the growth of technology and design ideas, they are increasingly resorting to the use of new wood-based materials. Except ordinary wood often used composite materials, various wood species treated with different impregnations, as well as exotic species brought from other countries or grown in local atypical conditions.

On the market building materials presented huge selection glue for working with wood.

In any case, the processing of these materials is becoming increasingly complex. Separately, it is worth studying the issue of the need for gluing different surfaces, structural parts, furniture or construction lumber. But what exactly, what kind of glue should I use to glue the wood? In general, what types of them are there?

Can they domestic producers completely satisfy the woodworker or is it worth looking for best options from manufacturers abroad?
To answer the question of which glue is best for wood, and to choose it, it is worth examining at least the most popular types.

PVA glue

PVA is one of the most used compositions in wood processing and gluing. PVA glue for wood has been known to most people since school desks, since it is actively used for gluing paper products.

Before gluing PVA, the wood must be pre-moistened.

Polyvinyl acetate, also known as PVA, instantly grips surfaces and dries fairly quickly. This is its advantage and made the glue so popular. It will take 15-20 minutes for the glued surfaces to practically grow together and not come unglued anymore. When gluing different types of wood, it is recommended to wait 24 hours for the surfaces to be completely wetted and hardened. This allows any load to be applied to the surfaces being connected.

BF

This is a whole series of glue that is used to process quite different materials. The most famous and used in everyday life are brands BF-2, 4 and 6. BF dries much faster when the temperature of the bonded surfaces increases and sets tightly in 15 minutes when heated to a temperature of 80 degrees. IN normal conditions BF wood glue completely adheres to surfaces in one hour.

Wood glue "Moment"

“Moment” is one of the most common types and is used in almost any work that is related to construction. “Moment” also, as the name suggests, glues surfaces quite quickly.

“Moment” is suitable for gluing wood to other materials.

But some of its types are not intended for all materials. Most rubber products, for example, when processing “Moment”, begin to decompose, get wet and flow. Therefore, today when working with wood it is worth using special type"Momenta" intended for wood. In addition, “Moment” is suitable when you need to glue wood to wood or other material.

Heat resistant adhesive

This glue is often used for processing wood, which during operation, as well as in preparation for construction work will be influenced elevated temperatures. Such overheating occurs, for example, due to processing electrical appliances. Not all glued beams can be processed using a router or circular saw, but heat-resistant glue solves this problem, since even when such a surface is heated, the sizing seams on it do not separate.

Initially, this type of connecting liquid was intended to glue wooden surfaces, which were subsequently fired. But if available, it can also be used for ordinary connecting work.

Casein glue

There are times when wood needs to be properly joined, after which it must withstand intense exposure to moisture and liquids that can penetrate inside, disrupting the internal structure.

The value of casein glue is its water resistance.

In this case, it is best to use a connecting agent with water-resistant properties.
Among waterproof adhesives, casein is the most commonly used. It allows surfaces to set within 8 hours, and in less than a day (in just 20 hours) the surfaces are completely glued to each other, and moisture is not a problem for them.

It's not actually a specific type of glue, but rather prefabricated type, since it is a solution that is used to connect wooden surfaces. Moreover, wood glue works well on both solid wood and plywood or fiberboard.

As a rule, wood glue is made on one of two bases - hide or bone. The first is considered the best in terms of connecting properties.

To obtain high-quality wood glue, it is important to fully adhere to the technology of its creation. Joiner's fluids have unusual ways use. So, for large surfaces, one layer of glue is used, and two layers are applied to the end connections. For the strength of the connection, the thickness of the layer plays an important role, which is optimally 0.1-0.15 mm.

Epoxy adhesive

It is the most versatile connector known today as it connects virtually any surface. It has a two-component structure, consisting of a resin and a special substance that promotes hardening. The connections made from it are quite strong.

The structure of dried glue resembles plastic, so it is well suited for gluing synthetic materials. It is often used for processing wooden furniture, metal surfaces, toys made of plastic and other materials.

A craftsman who needs to glue two surfaces can always choose one of the above types of glue, based on recommendations and ratings telling which wood glue is better. But it’s always better to try each option yourself, because there are a lot of varieties of adhesives, and each manufacturer offers something unique in its own way.

After all, sometimes it’s enough to buy carpentry composition or borrow a tube of regular PVA from your child, and sometimes you have to look for super heat-resistant and waterproof glue, and then you need to look for an imported epoxy mixture.

Video: wood glue. How to choose

Experts working with wood know well that without quality adhesive composition cannot be avoided, either in the manufacture of furniture or in small repair work Oh.

Can be used like good old recipes wood adhesives, and purchase modern mixtures that act quickly and efficiently and are actively used in production.

The choice of glue depends on the task at hand. Some options will help connect the parts together, others will fix wooden product, others are suitable for treating joints and protecting from moisture.

Modern adhesive mixtures They are characterized by heat and moisture resistance, rapid hardening, durability and joint strength.

Types of wood adhesives - how to glue them

Let's look at the most popular types of wood glue.

Wood glue. It is traditionally made from animal bones and skins. The adhesive properties are imparted by the protein included in its composition. Until relatively recently, wood glue was actively used in the furniture industry and woodworking. Today it is rarely used, except for manual veneering. It is sold in the form of granules or grains, which need to be dissolved in water using a special glue maker. You can also buy jelly-like glue; it is liquefied directly in a glue maker or in a container placed in hot water.
Animal based formulas safe, non-toxic, produce a hard adhesive joint that can be sanded and re-softened. Worthy of attention and moisture-resistant wood glue casein It holds wood, paper, leather, and various fabrics well. Casein powder is mixed with water until the consistency of liquid sour cream is obtained. It is then applied to the parts and left for five minutes. Next, the parts are tightly compressed. It may leave marks, so you need to use it carefully.
Hot melt adhesive. To use hot-melt glue, presented in the form of cylindrical sticks, you need a hot-melt gun. The composition is convenient, hardens quickly, therefore it is actively used for making templates and models. Adhesives are also available in stores in the form of thin sheets. They are placed between the base and the veneer and heated with an iron.
PVA wood glue. PVA is an accessible, inexpensive and convenient option. The PVA water emulsion hardens due to the evaporation of moisture or its absorption by the tree. The non-toxic composition is perfect for performing simple repair work at home. The shelf life is almost unlimited if stored at room temperature. Semi-plastic PVA has a tendency to “creep”, but this property usually manifests itself under increased load. Standard PVA is not resistant to moisture, but manufacturers offer waterproof solutions for outdoor work. Yellow, with a thick PVA consistency, is more resistant to moisture and heat than white and is easy to sand.
Urea-formaldehyde glue. It is considered a waterproof composition that fills cavities well and hardens quickly. Available in powder form, which must be mixed with water and then applied to both surfaces. Some adhesives are made and supplied with a hardener, which is applied to one part, and a mixture of powder and water to the second. The connected parts are additionally fixed for setting with a clamp. When working, be sure to use safety glasses and gloves to ensure access to fresh air.
Resorcinol glue. This option is resistant to various weather conditions, such as sun and moisture. It is two-component, consisting of a hardener and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. Some types of the mixture are sold immediately in liquid form, or one of the components has a powder composition. After hardening, the glue gives a brown seam, which will be noticeable when working with light wood. For faster hardening, a temperature of at least 15C is required.

Wood gluing technology - blanks and parts

VIDEO ON THE TOPIC

In general, the gluing order is as follows:

surface preparation,
applying the adhesive mixture,
exposure before pressing,
pressing and holding under pressure,
exposure after gluing.

Surface preparation

To successfully glue wood, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the surfaces, degrease them, and make them smooth and even. The presence of roughness will not help to obtain a better quality seam, so they try to get rid of them.

Glue application technology

Usually the mixture is applied in an even thin layer to both parts. Two-component options are applied differently - a hardener is applied to one part, a resin is applied to the second, and then the parts are connected so that the reaction begins.
Most often, it is impossible to do without clamping parts, for example, using clamps. As a result of close contact, excess glue is squeezed out, and before it hardens, they can be carefully removed with a damp cloth.
If contact adhesive is used, the parts will set immediately after joining. Some types allow you to adjust the position of the parts for some time before setting.
Also, depending on the technology and method of fastening wooden parts, they are divided into two groups - cold and hot gluing.

Cold gluing of wood

This method gluing does not involve heating the mixture. To work you will need:

glue,
clamp,
vaims,
special clamps.

Vayms are cold pressing equipment, indispensable in gluing parts made of timber, frames, and panels. Cold gluing involves the use of PVAD-based compounds. Due to water based the glue is quickly absorbed into the wood and gives reliable connection. It hardens on average in 15-25 minutes, then requires exposure under pressure for an hour.

VIDEO

Hot wood gluing

This technique is convenient for gluing thin sheets; it involves heating the glue using electricity or steam. Once heated, it hardens in 30-40 seconds.

Presses for gluing wood are divided into:

inclined, horizontal, vertical depending on the location of the shield,
electromechanical, manual, hydraulic, pneumatic depending on the type of drive,
positional and pass-through type based on the operating mode,
steam, electric, HDTV, water depending on the type of heating.

Glue is applied to the parts in advance, then placed in hot-gluing presses. Pressing takes up to 5 minutes, and complete hardening of the glue occurs outside the pressing equipment.

Thus, for high-quality and reliable joining wood parts with glue Today you can use both inexpensive PVA, which are suitable for use at home, and professional types from famous manufacturers. The latter provide a strong and durable connection of parts in industrial scale, facilitate the work of craftsmen in the manufacture of furniture and other wooden structures.

It is almost impossible to do without glue when connecting parts. When gluing wood, you need to use glue that should be either transparent or light, not change the color of the wood, not set too quickly, its excess can be easily removed, and inside the seam it would help protect the wood from rotting and the penetration of microorganisms inside. In addition, most adhesives are water-repellent.
Adhesives
All adhesives can be divided into natural and synthetic. Depending on what ingredients are used in the preparation of natural glue, they can be animal, vegetable and mineral. In the manufacture of synthetic adhesives, only artificially created compounds are used.
Any glue that is required for work consists of several components: the adhesive itself, a solvent that maintains a certain consistency of the composition, a hardener that helps it set and connect the parts, and antiseptics that protect the treated surface from the effects of insects, microorganisms and various substances, destroying the structure of wood.
Among natural adhesives, the most commonly used are bone adhesives, prepared on the basis of bone meal. But such adhesives do not react well to humidity, and therefore, if, for example, you plan to install a shower or bathroom in the attic, it is better to use a different glue for gluing.
Casein glues are made from milk protein. They glue surfaces very firmly, but alkali is used as a solvent, which stains the wood.
K-17 glue is convenient for clean gluing large surfaces; it forms a thin film and does not harden for a long time.
PVA glue, or polyvinyl acetate dispersion, sets quickly and therefore requires speed in work. It is a white liquid, which after drying becomes a transparent film. This glue is the most versatile when gluing parts.
Wood glue can be used several times. To do this, you just need to heat it on fire.
Both wood glue and bone glue are sold in granules or shavings, which can be turned into a sticky mass at home. If you bought glue in the form of shavings or granules, you can immediately pour it into hot water and, stirring, bring it over low heat until completely dissolved.
If the glue is in the form of tiles, then before immersing it in water, it is crushed and then poured into containers cold water and leave for a day until it swells completely. And only then do they transfer the pieces into another container and begin the gluing procedure itself. The finished glue should flow from the stick used for stirring, it should be thick and resemble the consistency of rich sour cream.
In order to prepare the glue, you will need to purchase special device- glue. It can be replaced with 2 ordinary pans, and one of them should be slightly smaller so that it can easily be attached to the sides of the other with handles. Water is poured into a smaller pan and glue is added, and water is poured into another so that the glue being prepared does not burn. If foam forms during glue preparation, it must be removed periodically.
Most glues do not last long and the next day at room temperature they acquire a rotten smell. In order for the glue to last for several days, during its preparation you can add a few grams of phenol at the rate of 1 g per 1 liter of glue.
Now the prepared glue can be applied to the surface of the part. To do this, you will need either a bristle brush or linden bark, a piece of which has been previously soaked. In any case, the glue is applied to the surface in a thin layer.
Gluing
There are two ways to connect parts with glue: gluing or gluing.
Bonding is used when various connections on a spike and on a mustache. Gluing is used only in the manufacture of plywood, when finishing the surface with veneer, etc.
You can glue parts in 2 ways: by squeezing the surfaces with clamps or by rubbing the surfaces together after applying glue to them. By lapping, mainly thin parts are connected, which, after slightly setting, are adjusted to each other and left until the glue dries completely.
This method of gluing parts together must occur quickly and accurately, therefore, before starting it, prepare everything necessary for the work: clamps, gaskets, tapes, supports, belts, as well as the surfaces of the parts being glued, which must be clean. If it is accidentally stained with dirty hands or oil is dropped, wipe the stained areas with acetone or alcohol. When gluing, spacers are used to distribute the compression force as evenly as possible. It also protects surfaces from the formation of dents when clamped with clamps. The gasket is always done slightly more sizes glued parts. Most often, gaskets are made from sheets of plywood.
In addition, to avoid the surfaces sticking to the gaskets, you will need to place additional sheets of paper between the gasket and the surface.
When gluing using the compression method, be sure to ensure that when installing the clamps, there is no displacement of the surfaces, which can then no longer be restored.
To ensure a good, durable seam, it is best to work in a room where the temperature does not drop below 20°. Also, the glue must be applied in a thin, even layer, and the glue should not be too liquid. But a thick layer is also unacceptable - it will crack when it dries.
It is also not recommended to grind the surfaces to be glued - the surfaces should be slightly rough, which will allow you to obtain a reliable connection.
If you need to glue several parts at once, you cannot apply glue to everything at once - in the lower layers the glue will begin to set, but will not be evenly distributed, which will cause the surface to form waves. To prevent this from happening, the parts are divided into several parts, the strips of the parts are glued together, and then the parts.
It is best to glue by levels, for example, in one step - the legs of chairs, in another - the seats.
If you have to glue complex design, consisting of many nodes, then first connect all the parts without glue, adjust if something protrudes, and only then apply glue. Obvious defects during gluing cannot be eliminated, and it is also impossible to disassemble an already glued structure without damaging it.
After applying glue to the components of the structure, it is necessary to put it under a press and wait a certain time so that the glue completely sets and dries. If you used wood glue, then you can remove the part from under the press only after 1 day. PVA glue requires less time - only 4¬5 hours. But this does not mean that the glue is completely dry and the structure is ready for further work. After the required time has elapsed, loosen the clamps, check to see if there are any shifts in the layers, and leave them for another 1 day so that the glue dries completely.
Pasting
Gluing differs from gluing in that here only facing works. This is a fairly simple way to simulate arrays valuable species wood, using only veneer and a wooden base.
In addition, this technique will also help in making mosaics, which will perfectly decorate the top of any table, closet doors, bedside table in the bedroom, etc.
Although valuable wood veneer is used here, and the work itself requires care and precision of the eye, this work can be performed even by a person who has never dealt with wood. It looks more like an appliqué made of paper and cardboard. But there are several features here, oh
which must always be remembered and observed during work.
1. Veneer should only be glued onto a very flat surface, slightly rough, but without visible notches. If I may say so, the surface of the base should be velvety.
2. The veneer must be glued across the direction of the base fibers, but not along, otherwise cracks may appear that will only spoil the surface. They arise due to different shrinkage of the veneer and the base.
3. If expensive veneer is used and glued to particle board, then be sure to glue on an intermediate layer of cheap veneer or cotton fabric.
4. Using veneer from burl or wood with a high graininess, select a base from carefully dried wood so that cracks do not form later.
5. To glue veneer on small surfaces, use PVA glue, and on large surfaces, use wood glue. This will help make the gluing better.
Just like gluing, gluing is carried out in 2 ways: pressing and lapping. Both methods are performed in the following sequence:
- first apply a layer of glue to the base, then put veneer on it, iron it with a clean cloth, thereby removing all air bubbles from under it. After this for better connection moisten the veneer on top with a sponge warm water. After 1-2 hours, when the glue begins to thicken, smooth the veneer in the direction of the fibers by rubbing, trying not to lift the edges. To do this, all movements must be directed towards the edges or diagonally towards them;
- before leaving the structure until completely glued, you need to put sheets of white paper on the seams. Now all this can be left as it is, or you can put it under a press, placing paper on top of the veneer, then a gasket, and only then clamp it with clamps;
- sifted and heated sand can be used as a press for parts with an uneven curved surface. First, place a sheet of paper on the surface, thereby protecting the veneer from contamination, and then a canvas bag with sand. The more sand, the more pressure will be exerted. But it should not be excessive so that the veneer does not deform. Optimal pressure there will be a layer of sand of 9-11 cm. The surface can be freed from such a press only after the sand has completely cooled, so that the veneer does not “bubble”.
When applying veneer to the base, some defects may appear.
First of all, this is the formation of so-called siskins - places where the layer of glue was insufficient and the formation of air cushions. The simplest tapping will help to detect such areas - empty seats will sound dull under blows. The siskin should be cut with a blunt knife, then carefully lift one edge and use a pipette or syringe with a large-bore needle to pour a few drops of glue into the void. After this, using a rag, stroking the surface in a circular motion, distribute the glue inside the former siskin and iron the seam, onto which you then need to apply a paper strip.
Then this place must be ironed with an iron heated to a temperature of 100-110 °C (number “1” on the temperature regulator).
Air bubbles formed due to uneven grinding most often have a convex shape. Such a bubble also needs to be cut, slightly soak the veneer around the bubble, then pour in a few drops of glue from a pipette or syringe and rub it with a warm iron through the paper.
Some veneer parts may move when glued. Thus, millimeters of excess veneer appear at the edges.
Only after the glue has completely fixed will they have to be aligned. Depending on the size of the protruding edges, either a jamb knife or a plane is used. The plane is only suitable for a relatively small protrusion - about 1 mm. The larger protrusion is removed with a jamb knife. In this case, be sure to place a plank of the same thickness next to the part so that the veneer does not break off during alignment.