What size is optimal for a summer terrace at home. Design of a terrace at the dacha - dimensions, orientation and architecture: designer tips. How to choose the right terrace location

A terrace to a house is an extension that should preferably be planned at the construction stage. But it can always be attached to an already finished building. The main thing is to take into account all the requirements of the technology and think through all the nuances.

Terrace to the house - why did it appear?

At all times, people from different countries have had to take shelter from weather surprises. The midday heat or sudden rain could ruin the mood or force the celebration to be moved indoors. The terrace made it possible to decorate the house with live plants and not depend on the weather. After all, in a cozy courtyard under a canopy or the roof of a terrace attached to the house, the scorching sun or rain are equally not scary.

The use of such shelters has been known since ancient Rome. Back then, the courtyards were beautifully decorated with flowers and fountains under picturesque pergolas. Spain and Australia did not stand aside. Their terraces cannot be confused with others. The first ones are necessarily laid out in mosaics with many flowers in tubs on the ground and walls. The second ones are paved with terracotta tiles with a fountain in the middle and a huge amount of decorative elements. Here you can find everything from flowers to trees and from amphorae to fruit vases.

Terraces attached to the house and their difference from verandas

They represent any flooring made on a prepared base. The extension of the terrace to the house is done at the floor level of the first floor. It has no walls, but only a low balustrade, which has a rather decorative and restrictive function.

As for the canopy, the open terrace to the house may not have one at all or cover only part of its area. Construction options are acceptable when the roof is erected over the entire site attached to a private house.

The veranda is essentially an enclosed terrace. That is, the same building, only with walls that protect from wind and rain. In essence, it becomes an unheated room attached to the dacha. But it plays the same role: it welcomes guests and relaxes.

How to choose a place to build a terrace for your house?

If it combines the functions of a veranda or porch, it should be attached to the side of the house where the front door is located. Then the terrace can also become a porch and a relaxation area (it all depends on the size of the extension).

Sometimes you can see a house with a terrace and veranda. Then the latter ends up in the place of the porch, and the first is built along the wall that borders the kitchen or dining room. Then they need to be provided with direct access to an open area for ease of movement.

The option of placing the terrace along several walls of the dacha is not excluded. Then it smoothly flows from the porch into the recreation area or barbecue. Sometimes the terrace even covers the entire perimeter of a private house.

How to make a terrace for a house: size and material

If it is only a platform that replaces a porch, it should allow two adults to pass each other. This will require a width of 120 cm.

For a terrace on which a table for six will be placed, you will need to allocate a space of 4 square meters. After all, in addition to the table, there will be chairs with other pieces of furniture. When you want to leave enough space to move past the table and place a garden sofa, then the area of ​​the terrace should not be less than 7 and a half square meters.

The question of the shape that a terrace in a wooden house will have depends on the canopy or roof. And they most often have straight lines. Therefore, the floor of the terrace is square or rectangular. But it may not be all covered from above. Therefore, the boundaries of the site can be made in a completely arbitrary shape. Here there are broken lines or rounded ones, which are dictated by the architecture of the house or the landscape of the site.

The style of the house also determines the material that will be indispensable in the design of the extension. So close brick house A wooden terrace with brick or stone columns will look harmonious. Only wood can be used to make a terrace attached to a wooden house. But the glazed extension is universal, that is, it will be combined with both a wooden dacha and a brick house or stone estate. For the last two options, you can choose a terrace with forged elements.

To make terrace flooring, you can use a special board. In addition, the following floor design options are acceptable:

• concrete or asphalt surface;
• paving or clinker slabs;
• gravel or natural stone;
• rubber tile.

Country house with a terrace: should the two buildings be connected?

Immediately after the construction of a house, natural processes occur that lead to the building sagging. The amount of shrinkage gradually becomes smaller and soon stops. Since the house and the terrace have different weights, the amount and rate of shrinkage will be different. If they are tightly coupled, this will lead to the destruction of one of the buildings.

Typically, a one-story house with a terrace is built on separate foundations. Moreover, the depth and strength of the foundation for them can differ significantly. To make the structures look like a single whole, they are held together using dilatation sutures. This way it is possible to achieve a free displacement of the terrace relative to the dacha.

How to build a terrace for a house: the issue of foundation

You need to start by laying it to an amount greater than the freezing depth of the soil. This will avoid unexpected movement of the terrace after the spring melting of ice.

Since the extension consists mainly of a deck and several supports for a canopy, it will support a simple columnar foundation. It can be made of concrete. To do this, you need to dig a hole to the required depth. Pour a cushion into it from the following layers: crushed stone, sand, gravel. It is necessary to make formwork from the boards in the shape of the foundation pillars and fill them with concrete mixture. If necessary, these pillars can be built up using brickwork. During the construction of the foundation, do not forget about the reinforcement of all surfaces.

Now all that remains is to lay the frame for the open flooring on this foundation. Lay the floor and install fences. If there is a canopy over the terrace, then vertical supports will need to be secured to the frame.

Very often in country house there is not enough additional space for relaxation. You can complement the building with an additional living room, but a simpler option is to add a veranda. The dimensions of such a room and its appearance can be very diverse, which entails certain subtleties construction process.

Features of the room

The planned construction of a residential building usually does not include a veranda, so this object often has to be added as needed. If the house is small in size, then it often does not have enough area for additional storage things or solely for recreation. As soon as the need arises to organize such a space, you need to think about how to attach it to a residential building.

The type of veranda can be different, first of all, it depends on the material from which it is made, which, in turn, depends on the construction of the house itself. For brick building It’s better to make the veranda the same, since an attached structure made of a different material will be less reliable. The structure of the extension must be either completely or partially closed, because the purpose of this new space must have some functions, and the more of them, the better.

When planning the location of the veranda, it is important to take into account the part of the house where it would be most appropriate to complement the building. This is usually the north side where it is added to the house. real room, where you can comfortably spend time at any time of the year. The veranda can replace a summer kitchen, in which you can cook and eat food in warm weather, and can serve as a resting place for the whole family, because in the summer you can hide from the sun and be in nature, opening all the windows as much as possible, and in spring and autumn it will be possible contemplation of the surrounding landscape without leaving home.

When the veranda is assigned the role of a gym or hobby room, it is best to place it facing the garden, so that the view of trees, flowers and bright greenery inspires achievements. When the extension serves as the entrance to the house, it is organized opposite the gate in order to maximize the convenience of entering the living space.

As soon as the idea for a building has finally matured in your head, you need to build it on paper and get down to business. The process ahead is not the most difficult, but if planned and executed incorrectly, the result can be very disappointing. For a permanent veranda mandatory element there will be a foundation on which an additional structure is attached to the house. Dimensions can be different, it all depends on the size of the house and the purpose of the new room. If the house is large, then you can add a gazebo to any length of the finished wall; as for the width, it is almost always two meters.

The dimensions of the veranda should not be made very large, because this is an unheated room, and a large cold room will make it cool in the house itself. It is optimal to make it half the size of the existing wall, provided big house. If it is small, then it is quite appropriate to add a full room to the width of the house and to the required length, which allows land plot yard

Selection of materials

To build a good veranda, you first need to decide on the materials from which it will be built. You need to pay attention to every stage of work to achieve a good result. For a brick house, it is best to complete the veranda with brick, because it is easier to connect similar materials together and create a durable and reliable design. For this type of work, it is important to make a foundation, because the building will have considerable weight and over time the soil will begin to sag and cracks will appear on the walls. It is important to make a sufficiently strong foundation by filling the trench with cement or making supports and placing the finished structure on them.

It is important to make the floor from timber so that it is durable and powerful, then the coating will last a long time and will not cause any problems. You can put boards on the timber itself and make a simple wooden floor, or use any other covering suitable for a veranda: laminate, linoleum, ceramic tile. The walls are built of brick, and their height can be very different. The higher they are, the warmer the room will be, and the lower they are, the more light they can let in. You can practically do without them by using polycarbonate walls instead.

Fully glass veranda It will be appropriate if it is made of high-quality double-glazed windows, where all the seams are hermetically sealed and no gusts of wind penetrate inside. In this case, it will be pleasant to be on the veranda at any time of the year, because the picture of the surrounding world will be as close as possible and any family member can please themselves with it.

It is best to add the same wooden veranda to a wooden house, because as soon as a wooden extension will look logical in general interior premises and working with materials of the same type will be much easier. In this case, a foundation is not needed. A frame base for the floor and walls is created, which are then sheathed with selected materials. A veranda decorated with patterns of carved wood or original arrangement of materials during work will look beautiful. Window frame for this type of structure it may be plastic, but glass will be able to better convey the color, although there will be a risk of small drafts. Wooden verandas will be less capital than brick ones, but you can choose a different purpose for them and make full use of the new additional space.

In each of the options it is necessary to make a roof. The lighter it is, the easier it is to install, and the less weight it will put on the structure itself. Having made the frame, it is necessary to sheathe it with either corrugated sheets or metal tiles. It is better to choose the color of the coating to match the covering of the roof of the house or as close as possible to it, so that everything together looks like one whole, and not disparate objects that have been artificially connected together.

Constructions

As soon as the plan for building a veranda has matured, it is necessary to begin planning each stage of the work. The first point will be to determine the place where it is most logical to locate the new premises.

The veranda can be:

• angular;
• end;
• façade

Once the first task has been resolved, you need to decide on the degree of enclosure of the veranda.

There are only two possible options:

• closed;
• open.

If only a closed type of building is planned, it will have windows that can be opened for ventilation, and open type buildings are already a terrace. In a closed building, you can provide sliding elements that will help open up the space as much as possible, which will make the room combined.

If the veranda is planned at the stage of building a house, then its design can have several options:

• built-in;
• attached type.

You can build in a veranda during the construction of the house itself, and add it on after the completion of the main process or even many years after that. Based on the fact that the design may differ, even greater variety can be seen in the forms of the veranda that can be built:

• rectangular structures;
• round and semicircular buildings;
• a polygonal extension, most often containing six corners.

When choosing one of the options, it is worth remembering that the veranda should not only serve as a kind of room, it should also beautifully complement the house, decorate it and become its highlight.

While all the paperwork is going on, there is time to sort out the veranda designs and choose the most suitable one for a particular house. It is important to initially decide whether this will be a full-fledged room, warm veranda or ordinary light construction. For private houses where people live all year round, a winter veranda is much preferable, because it can be considered a living space. Exclusively summer building will be used only in the warm season, which reduces its versatility.

The arrangement of each room will depend on many factors. If the veranda is insulated and closed, then you can place a sofa, armchairs in it and use it as a living room. In the case of an open veranda, it is better to place wicker furniture on it, which will not be damaged by precipitation and which can be easily removed if not needed.

Having chosen a closed type of veranda for construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to build an additional open building. There will be a gazebo good option for those who like to sit on outdoors. Its dimensions can be very small and, if desired, it can even be moved from place to place. If you do not want to build a large number of buildings, then it is best to make a combined veranda, which will be completely covered, with windows, walls, but with sliding elements.

The design of the veranda can be angular, if it is not possible to place it along one of the walls, or L-shaped, if there is a desire to combine an open and closed structure under one roof. The roof of the main extension must be solid and fully protected from all the vagaries of nature. For a gazebo, it will be enough to make a canopy that will partially protect from the sun and rain, but the main function of the extension will be performed in the warm and dry season.

Playing with the square

Depending on the dimensions of the house itself, the dimensions of the veranda will differ. The internal content of any space will be dictated not only by its size, but also functional purpose for which it was erected. The average dimensions of a comfortable veranda are 170 by 400 cm, but there are also small options, the length of which will be about two meters.

When there are unlimited possibilities for the construction of additional buildings, their size will depend on what is supposed to be done in the room. If the veranda is planned as a gathering place for family, friends, or as a venue for summer holidays and cozy gatherings in the evening, it is very important to build a room with sufficient dimensions. It should easily accommodate a table and a sofa, you can arrange a mini bar, and in some cases even provide a barbecue. Thus, optimal area such a room will be 25 m2, and the length of one wall should not be less than five meters.

When only a few people live in a country house and there is no need to make large additional premises, the veranda can be made so that you can easily place a comfortable chair and a coffee table there, so that you can enjoy nature alone or in the company of one or two people. The dimensions of such a room can be half as large.

The area of ​​the veranda also depends on the type of construction. If it is a rectangular room, then most often the length ranges from four to six meters, and the width from three to four. A square will have all its walls the same length. This option is rarely used across the entire width of the house; most often it is a side extension of small dimensions. For lovers of unusual shapes, you can build a veranda in the form of a semicircle or triangle.

Based on the choice of the type of building, materials for the frame, walls, glazing, floor and roof are selected. Each construction option requires its own type of roof. Suitable for narrow verandas pitched roof, in square and rectangular - gable, and for original buildings the roof may have an unusual appearance, which will fully correspond to the style of the building.

If the plot of land on which the house stands has unusual dimensions and it is very difficult to build a veranda near the house, you can make this room in the form of a separate building that shares a common passage with the house. Usually it is made in the form of a glass corridor, but combined compositions can also be used. In this case, it is possible to create a large veranda original form. It can be a circle or a polyhedron, or distinctive feature will be practically full review areas around it. The size of such a structure can be any, the main thing is to fit it harmoniously into the existing territory, so as not to spoil it and give you the opportunity to enjoy it every day.

Interior design

The appearance of the veranda is important, because it must fit into the overall concept of the exterior and be in harmony with it, but much more important point is interior design of this room. Usage various materials will depend primarily on two factors - the size of the room and its location relative to the cardinal points. If the building is small, it needs to be filled with light as much as possible, the same applies to their location in those parts of the house where little sunlight reaches.

If the veranda is large, spacious and bright, this makes it possible to experiment with materials, shapes and even textures, especially in the case of closed type the buildings. It is important to decorate not only the walls, floor and ceiling, but also to use specially selected furniture.

One more important factor, which significantly influences the choice of building materials and furniture to be used, is heating system. It is important to design the unheated area in such a way that the material lasts as long and firmly as possible and there is no need to make repairs to this room every year. The finishing of all walls must be of high quality. When working on a veranda, you cannot save money, otherwise all the work done inside the room will soon come to naught.

Each element of the veranda must be functional, beautiful and resistant to various external influences. Gender is important element When arranging an extension, it can be sheathed using ordinary boards, but such a covering will be cold in winter. It is best to use insulation, on which an additional layer of chipboard or fiberboard is placed on top. You can finish the floors with laminate or tiles.

If we talk about walls, then for wooden buildings it is best to upholster them from the inside with clapboard, which has a pleasant color and texture and creates an imitation of the real thing wooden house. Working with this material is quite simple, it is reliable and durable, which means the interior decoration will last for many years. If desired, it can be painted in any color; this will add freshness to the interior and additionally protect the wood from damage.

You can also hem the ceiling in the veranda using various materials. The cheapest sheet will be fiberboard, multifunctional - plasterboard, the most beautiful - suspended ceiling. Sheathing with fiberboard sheets looks simplest, but it can be stylishly decorated using foam tiles that are glued directly to the existing surface. It is important that the roof itself, its outer covering and interior decoration are made of high-quality and lightweight materials so that there is no strong pressure on the foundation.

For the same reasons, the walls of the veranda itself can be made not of brick, but of foam blocks. They have less weight and the structure can be erected in a shorter time due to its significant dimensions. This material can be faced if the blocks do not have a very presentable appearance, or left untouched if during construction it was possible to achieve smooth and beautiful seams, and the foam blocks themselves have not been used before and have an ideal appearance.

As for the interior itself, it is not difficult to arrange it.

The most common styles for this are:

• oriental theme;
• ecostyle;
• Scandinavian motifs;
• Provence;
• country music and similar genres.

Arranging a veranda in any of these options has one thing in common - these are natural materials that should be used in the decoration and furnishing of the room.

To add warmth, coziness and comfort, there are a number of items that will be appropriate in any style:

• decorative pillows for the sofa and armchairs;
• beautiful tablecloths on the table, the use of embroidery, ornaments, interesting designs;
• For certain styles It would be appropriate to use chair covers;
• to give a romantic effect to the interior, you can add candles on decorative candlesticks;
• the use of paintings and photographs will create a complete look.

By erecting a veranda in a private house, you can turn it into a functional, full-fledged room where it will be dry, warm, light and comfortable. In addition to the recreation area, you can use such a room as an office, living room, kitchen with dining room, greenhouse and even a children's room. Having everything necessary tools and materials, without violating the construction technology, you can make a full-fledged room, which will become a real personal space for someone or a public property and a place of relaxation.

Landscape design

Arranging the territory country house, it is necessary to think about both the construction of housing, a veranda, and other extensions, if they are needed, but also pay attention to green spaces, which play a very important role. If you are setting up an area at your dacha, then in addition to the vegetable garden, orchard and vineyard itself, it is important to create an area with flower beds, decorative trees, alpine slides. These elements are traditionally placed in the place where it is most convenient to contemplate man-made beauty.

If the house has a veranda, then it is necessary to put the ground outside not just in order, but to make miniature garden, which will look interesting and please the eye. Exotic lovers can place a rock garden on the site, and those who prefer to relax with the sound of water should organize a fountain or similar structure where it will constantly circulate.

The trees along the edges of the decorated area can be large enough to separate the recreation area from the garden or yard. It is important to use a variety of plants that will create a symbiosis of shapes, colors and sizes, but they must be positioned correctly and beautifully.

If the area outside the veranda has a slope, then this disadvantage can be used in an interesting way. One option would be a ladder of different types of plants, which are planted at the same level, each of which is clearly separated by height. It will be very beautiful if a small pond or fountain is organized at the bottom of such steps. For an area that is very small in size, it is possible to artificially create uneven soil. Gullies and hillocks will visually make the space larger and make it possible to use more green spaces of different types.

If the landscape is being developed for a long time, then it is important to do it correctly, providing drainage system with lead Wastewater into a special sewer. This stage is carried out very first, before it is imported new land and plants are planted. When laying all the pipes is ready, you need to take care of a layer of drainage material. Once all the preparations are made, you can begin to add soil on which all the plants will be planted.

Usually behind beautiful landscapes there should be a fence separating the territory of the house from the neighbors or the street. This design often spoils the appearance and overall impression of nature, so it is recommended to hide it behind a hedge, which is most often made from coniferous trees, which grow quickly and have a beautiful appearance. Another important element is the lawn, which can have different type depending on its purpose. If children or pets will play on it, then you need to buy tougher grass, but in the case of a purely decorative effect, you can plant elite varieties that are distinguished by their refined structure and pleasant color, but require more attention and care.

As for trees, they are planted only a little, because they grow quickly and attract all the attention. If you plant only a few plantings, then you need to choose those species that will have a beautiful and interesting appearance all year round. These are thujas, maples, walnuts, chestnuts, oaks, spruces and other options. If the area near the veranda has large area, then the composition will have a main emphasis in the middle in the form of tall group plantings and smaller ones around it. Hedges are also very popular.

If it is possible to form paths in the area being decorated, then they can also be lined with shrubs on both sides. It will be beautiful if these plants are trimmed regularly, which will give an even greater decorative effect to the landscape. If we talk about a flower garden, it is important to plant flowers in it so that some blooming ones replace others, and this process begins in early spring and lasts until late autumn. In addition, it is advisable to plant them by color, so that there are no options nearby that are identical in tone and each the new kind pleased with an interesting and unusual shade.

The final touch to the design landscape design The territory of a country house with a veranda will be equipped with lighting. In the evening, while on the veranda, it is very pleasant to look at nature in the rays of the setting sun or under artificial lighting. If there is none, then all the beauty outside the window will disappear with the last rays and nothing will be visible until the morning. With the help of small lamps, flashlights and light bulbs, you can illuminate the area a little, placing them so as to emphasize the most beautiful specimens. You can install lighting near the water, making the area even more beautiful and mysterious and being able to admire it at any time of the day or night.

Beautiful examples for inspiration

Having a country house, it is important to make sure that everything in it is beautiful and functional. This also applies to the veranda. In this space you can organize any room, using additional elements. A veranda with a fireplace or stove will have a cozy and warm look. During the cold season, these devices will help warm the air in the room. If the veranda is not used during the cold season, then it does not need to be heated. In a private house, it would be appropriate to organize a veranda with a barbecue so that at the first opportunity you can make delicious barbecue or other dishes on the fire.

The construction of a low-rise house is typical for a suburban area, although two-story ones are also found. As for the veranda itself, it is classified as a one-story room, which can be fully or partially residential, depending on the type of building.

A veranda in a country house can be made of double-glazed windows and look like a completely transparent structure, which adds lightness to it and does not clutter up the space.

If a private house lacks an area in which you can gather with the whole family or arrange a meeting with guests, then the veranda will become great solution this problem. To do this, you need to equip it as a living room with kitchen elements. It is important that the interior is warm, but has country motifs in the form of wicker furniture and wooden table with a bench.

If a veranda is built with the aim of creating personal space and the opportunity to be alone with oneself, then for such a room it is important to use comfortable upholstered furniture, place a coffee table nearby, placing it all in front of large glass windows that open a full panorama of the entire area, which was carefully prepared specifically for these goals. This is a budget option, but it is the one that is best suited for a good rest.

Expand the usable space of a private home or country house possible due to lightweight extensions. They will allow you to fully enjoy the fresh air and the surrounding nature, not hide indoors during rain or sunshine, arrange functional area relax and organize dinner with friends. Many people ask questions about how to build a terrace for a house and what design to choose for it. There are many options, so there is a lot of choice. The main thing is that harmony is maintained with the main structure, and the site is as comfortable as possible for both adults and children.

General concepts

We can say that the terrace is a kind of open area installed on a prepared base in the form of a foundation. It is located close to the house and, unlike the veranda, is never heated. The terrace can be covered completely or partially with a roof, have a light canopy or remain open at the top. For safety reasons, it is fenced on the sides with low railings or simply handrails, but they must be left free place to go outside. If the platform is high, then a porch is attached to it.

The terrace always has an entrance to the house, leading to the hallway, living room or kitchen.

The extension can be erected either during the construction of the house or during its operation. According to experts, permits are not required for an open terrace, since it is a temporary structure. But if the site is located under the same roof with the main building and has a common foundation with it, then such a tandem will fall into the category of capital construction projects. The possibility of its construction will have to be considered at the design stage.

Selecting a location

Before deciding on the option of how to build a terrace for your house, you need to carefully consider its location. The site is selected taking into account:

• free space;
• ease of access;
• cardinal directions;
• the presence of an attractive landscape;
• protection from the wind;
• harmony regarding the facade;
• presence of an entrance door.

The terrace can be built on one side of the house or along the entire perimeter. It can go out into the garden or be part of entrance group. In the northern regions, it is better to install the site on the south side, and in the southern regions, on the north side, additionally shading the extension with green spaces. You should definitely think about ensuring that the terrace is on the leeward side, otherwise a comfortable stay on fresh air it will be possible to forget. Convenience, as practice shows, depends on many factors, so you will have to take care of a lot.

Dimensions

The area of ​​the terrace is determined based on two main indicators, namely:

• the size of the allocated territory;
• required functionality.

If the site is not limited by fences, garden plots or outbuildings, small architectural forms or green spaces, then the first thing to think about is the correspondence between the dimensions of the terrace and the dimensions of the main building. It is important to understand that the huge platform in the background compact house will look like a dance floor in a holiday park. At the same time, a tiny terrace can visually disappear into a bulky facade, turning into an ordinary porch.

When calculating the area of ​​an extension, it must necessarily include the condition that at least two people must pass each other on it. In other words, the terrace cannot be narrower than 120 centimeters. If it is intended to be used as dining area, then you should take into account that a table, for example for six people, will take up at least 4 m2. For normal passage between people sitting on chairs and the edge of the platform, you will have to add the same figure. As a result, the final dimensions of the terrace intended for eating or sharing tea will be at least 7.5-8 m2.

The recreation area is planned taking into account the placement of a sofa, chaise lounge and other necessary furniture.

The dimensions of the terrace can be adjusted by its shape. It can be rectangular, oval, rounded, with broken lines, combined, etc. The choice depends not only on the available space, but also on personal preferences.

Materials

Based on the street location of the extension, preference should be given to materials that match the facade and roof of the main building. But they don't have to be an exact copy. Harmony may lie in the color scheme or the chosen architectural style. For example, a wooden terrace is quite suitable for a brick house, but forged fences are unlikely to fit into a facade decorated in oriental motifs.

Basic and Decoration Materials for cold extensions, you should choose ones with water-resistant and frost-resistant properties. Besides, flooring should not be slippery, as it may get wet rainwater and snow. For the frame, metal structures, lumber, processed antiseptic impregnations, or brick. A column or slab foundation is poured with concrete. Any suitable roofing covering is used for the canopy, and the floor is laid according to wooden beams or metal profiles.

Foundation

There is an opinion that a light terrace can be installed almost on the grass. But in this case you will have to prepare for serious problems. It is still necessary to know that the massiveness of the extension of great importance does not have. Trouble will most likely be caused by freezing in winter period soil, especially if it is prone to swelling. In this case, subsidence will be ensured, and even the terrace will be flooded under the entire area concrete slab will not save you from deformation and further destruction of structural units.

It's not worth the risk here. It would be wiser to remove the vegetation layer, go deeper below the freezing level of the soil, add a crushed stone-sand cushion, lay reinforcement and pour concrete into the formwork. According to this algorithm, both columnar and slab foundations are laid. All work should be carried out according to the project associated with the construction site.

Screw piles are much easier to install.

The issue of combining the foundation of the terrace with the underground part of the house worries many. It is not recommended to do this for a light extension, since its possible shrinkage in speed, time and final result will be much less than the natural shrinkage of the main, heavy structure. The terrace connected to the house will take on some of the loads that it is not designed for. As a result, cracks will appear and destruction will occur not only of the extension, but also of the structural components of the capital structure. There is only one conclusion - between the foundations of two objects you should leave expansion joints, providing mutual movements.

The veranda allows you to profitably expand the useful space of a residential building. In a properly constructed and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in warm and cold weather. cold season of the year.

It is best to build the extension so that it covers front door to the main house. Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda on any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be separated from the main building and you will have to enter it from across the street.

The dimensions of the extension are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a veranda measuring 3x4 m is enough. It is also important to take into account the general view from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely add verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.

Important note! Regardless of the chosen dimensions and the overall features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project on hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.

WITH finished project head to your local architecture department. Department employees will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that on average it takes about 2-3 months to review and approve a project, so it is best to resolve this issue in the winter, before the start of the construction season.

Construction site marking

We are starting to prepare our construction site.

First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil from the perimeter of the future building and take it to the flower beds, vegetable garden or other place.

Second step. Align the resulting depression.

Third step. We carry out the markings. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins at the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull a rope between the pins. We will use it to guide us in the process of arranging the foundation.

Making the foundation

Most often, verandas are built on columnar or belt type. The depth of the support is assumed to be equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to connect the main support to the foundation of the extension, because these structures will have widely varying weights. Consequently, the degree of their shrinkage will also vary. To prevent a heavy house from dragging down a relatively light extension, the latter must be built on a separate foundation. To do this, leave approximately a 3-4 cm gap between the foundations.

Important point! When choosing the type of foundation, consider, first of all, the soil characteristics in your region and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils, monolithic ones are best suited. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.

Tape base

A strip-type foundation is optimally suited for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, is maintained equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, keep the thickness at 70-80 cm.

First step. We dig a trench around the perimeter of the walls of the extension.

Second step. We level the bottom and walls of the trench, from wooden planks or panels according to the height of the future concrete support.

Third step. We successively fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-centimeter layer of sand and the same layer of crushed stone, making sure to compact each ball of backfill.

Fourth step. Laying it down reinforcing mesh from 10-12 mm rods. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. This way the base will be as strong as possible.

Fifth step. We pour concrete prepared from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of crushed stone and water.

Carefully level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In hot weather, we pour concrete every day to prevent it from cracking.

Columnar base

Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. It is recommended to make holes for posts with a depth of 80-110 cm. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However professional builders It is recommended to install intermediate posts for any size veranda. We maintain the distance between supports within 0.8-1 m.

First step. We dig holes in the places where the pillars will be poured. The most convenient way to do this is with a drill.

Second step. We fill the bottom of each depression with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to pour approximately 10 cm of crushed stone. We compact each layer.

Third step. Pour the concrete to the ground level and let it harden.

Fourth step. We coat the finished concrete supports with bitumen.

Fifth step. We fill the gaps between the ground and the supports with sand.

Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the pillars from brick. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.

Making a subfloor

The floor can be wooden or concrete. For example, in frame veranda made of wooden beams, a wooden floor would be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into a brick extension.

We make a wooden subfloor like this:

• We fix the beam of the lower trim on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, anchors. To connect the beams directly, we first make samples at the places of their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
• attach to the bottom harness wooden joists. We keep the step at 50 cm - this way the floor will definitely not fall through. We use the connection option described above;
• fill the space between the joists with expanded clay;
• We make the flooring from unedged boards or plywood about 50 mm thick. We attach the flooring elements to the joists with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

We make a concrete screed like this:

• fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
• pour a layer on top;
• lay the reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a mesh of rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is sufficient;
• pour concrete.

Important! The screed should be as even as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of a level.

Building a wooden veranda

Basic properties of the material

Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after the appearance on the market of all kinds of blocks and other low-cost and easy-to-arrange elements, wood practically did not lose ground.

Almost anyone can handle the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda. You just need to properly mount the frame posts and cover them with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.

The undeniable advantages of wood are its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and relatively low weight. The latter property allows you to abandon the construction of expensive and difficult to construct foundations.

The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - installing a barbecue in such an extension or in the immediate vicinity of it is a very important undertaking that requires taking into account many nuances and details. Therefore, it is better to move the source of fire somewhere further outside the wooden veranda.

Another significant disadvantage of wood is its poor tolerance high humidity, which is why the material needs serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.

Construction order

To build the frame we use wooden beams High Quality section 100x100 mm. We already have the bottom trim and subfloor, so we continue to work, adhering to the instructions below.

First step. We cut grooves in the beam of the lower trim for installing vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.

Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements we use staples and screws or nails.

Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloping. Therefore, we make the vertical beam installed at the bottom point of the slope 50 cm below the opposite posts.

Third step. We mount the beam of the upper trim. On higher racks no questions will arise - we perform the connections in exactly the same way as in the previous stages.

When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first we connect the pillars longitudinally with a strapping beam, and then we fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low posts at the height of the low posts. We fasten the crossbars to the high posts using pre-created samples and nails.

Fourth step. The top trim is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail a girder near roof slope. To fasten the beam to all supports, we use anchor bolts. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beam with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength of the rafter system.

Fifth step. We install in increments of 50 cm. For this we use a wooden beam with a section of 100x200 mm. We connect structural elements using any of the previously discussed methods.

Sixth step. We cover the frame. For internal lining The lining is perfect, for the outside - siding or other material. We lay layers of hydro- and thermal insulation between the external and internal cladding materials. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed by transverse slats. The material is also attached to them. finishing. When covering, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.

Prices for various types of timber

Brick verandas

Basic information about building materials

Brick is excellent for constructing permanent verandas. A building made from this material will be cool in the summer and, provided the insulation is properly insulated, warm in the winter. Brickwork durable, fireproof and easy to maintain.

The main disadvantage of a brick building is its heavy weight. Such structures are built exclusively on, which is not in the best possible way affects the total cost of construction.

The procedure for constructing a veranda

The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is level and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.

We first select the appropriate type of masonry. The simplest options, perfect for self-construction verandas are as follows:

• spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
• bonded masonry. Wall thickness – 250 mm;
• chain laying. Allows you to obtain walls with a thickness of 380 mm.

First step. We attach a mooring cord to two opposite ends of the foundation with a tie. It should run along the edge of the base.

Second step. We place the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. To fasten building elements we use standard cement mortar.

Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and similarly lay out the walls on the desired height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.

Important! will be inclined, so the wall at the bottom of the slope, as well as those adjacent to it side walls, we make it a row lower compared to the wall supporting the top of the roof.

Having laid out the last row of walls, we arrange an armored belt. To do this, we fix formwork about 70 mm high on each wall along the upper surface of the walls, place anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.

We let the concrete harden, and then attach a strapping of wooden beams with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts. The further procedure for arranging the rafter system remains similar to the situation with

If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows thermal insulation material. For single masonry insulation, moisture insulation and interior decoration we do it by analogy with wooden veranda. Exterior decoration is at your discretion. You can simply carefully unstitch the seams and call it a day.

Prices for construction and facing bricks

Construction and facing bricks

Making a veranda roof

And the rafters are installed. All that remains is to make the sheathing, install the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.

The sheathing can be continuous (for roll materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make a continuous sheathing from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the sparse sheathing beams at a pitch recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. To attach the sheathing to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

We fill the cells between the sheathing beams mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the sheathing using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a continuous sheathing, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We secure the insulation boards using transverse slats, nailing them to the sheathing.

Finally, all that remains is to mount. It is better that it matches the roof covering of the main house. For the rest, we focus on our preferences and available budget.

Finishing the floor

If the subfloor is wooden, we lay insulation in the space between them and fill the joists with flooring made of edged boards. We paint and varnish the boards.

On top concrete screed You can also arrange a boardwalk, similar to the previous method, or lay other material at your discretion, for example, linoleum.

Finally, all that remains is the doors, furnishing at your discretion and connecting lighting if necessary. We won't pull the wiring. It is enough to remove the extension cord from the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.

Good luck!

Video - DIY veranda

Questions about size, proportions and square footage are considered among the most important in construction. Especially countryside. A lot depends on them, for example:

Amount of built-up space,

The amount of land remaining for the garden,

Number of materials used,

Specialists involved in the project

It’s all simple in the city: you have an apartment, it has walls and a ceiling, and, if you’re lucky, a decent loggia. In a room limited by four walls, you can only roam with the help of finishing materials.

The city, of course, influences the lifestyle, thinking, and habits of its inhabitants. We are getting used to closed, not always comfortable housing. Therefore, in suburban construction, mistakes occur more often. And they are associated with the inability to calculate how much space is needed for comfort.

Sometimes we go to extremes: we make a huge house and a small terrace, or an adequately sized house, but with a bathhouse and a terrace covering the entire plot. And where are the greenery, trees, bushes with edible berries for children now?

How not to build little

To avoid falling victim to incorrect calculations, low-skilled designers, or your own excessive desire to make it “cool,” use approximate comfort formulas and common sense:

1. Formula

For convenience, a person needs approximately 7 m2 of space. This figure, of course, is very arbitrary and does not include hygiene and other things necessary for life. It indicates the amount of space that is needed for both the body and the psyche of a person to feel normal. Without pressure, tightness and other excesses.

1. Common sense

Imagine that you need to calculate the amount of space needed on the terrace for a family of three. If you follow the formula, it turns out 7*3=21 m2. Ask yourself what exactly these three people like to do, how they relax, what they do, what exactly they need on the terrace. And will all this fit on the calculated number of meters?

How not to build too much

The answer to this question is partly given in the previous paragraph. But the concepts of “minimum/maximum” are very relative. They depend on lifestyle, frequency of gatherings with guests, status of the owner of a country house, and others.

But the formula and common sense work here too.

For advice, contact our staff: they will help you design a beautiful and comfortable space in all respects.