Last century ushered in the era of synthetic materials. The current one has developed technologies, modernized production and perfected the properties of the first plastics. Today synthetics have become great friend and a human assistant. It surrounds us in everyday life, at work, and on vacation. If you are faced with the question of which option to choose for warmth and comfort, this section is for you. We tried to collect information about the most popular synthetic nonwoven materials.
Fillers for bedding, decorative pillows, furniture and soft toys
A wonderful domestic product is. You will find out what allowed it to quickly become a leader among other fillers, and what it has in common with independent springs. We not only examined all the qualities of struttofiber, but also included a small tip on how to choose a comfortable mattress depending on your weight.
We will be happy to talk about the most popular insulating material in Europe - a Belgian product called , we will provide a lot of evidence of its excellent qualities and only one - its negative aspects. We advise those who work or like to relax in winter conditions to carefully read the article.
If the price doesn’t stop you, then you can buy clothes with material inside that is much warmer than eider down, - . Interested in details? - Welcome to the page.
Universal materials for insulating and filling things
– product high technology produced in Russia, but using Finnish methods. We will reveal its secrets a little and tell you what principle underlies the production of Russian-Finnish insulation. We have collected bit by bit comprehensive information about absolutely safe and environmentally friendly material, in which you can safely wrap even newborns.
The article "" is devoted to synthetic universal material, which is surprisingly comfortable in clothing and bedding. We will tell you about it in detail, with reverence and respect, as to the most popular non-woven product.
For those who like to analyze, we: what is common, what are the differences.
We are sure that thrifty and thrifty housewives visit our site. For them, each article describes the rules for the care and storage of products. We hope you have a great time.
NONWOVEN MATERIALS, fabrics and products made from fibers, threads and/or other types of materials (textiles and their combinations with non-textiles, for example films) without the use of spinning and weaving. Compared to traditional production methods in the textile industry - weaving and spinning - the production of nonwoven materials is characterized by simplicity of technology (including a reduction in the number of technological stages), increased equipment productivity and, therefore, lower capital and labor costs, and a variety of assortments canvases, diet possibilities. use of various raw materials, lower production costs, the possibility of max. automation of production, i.e. creation of production lines and automatic factories, and the nonwoven materials themselves have good performance. St. Therefore, nonwoven materials have become one of the main. types of modern textile products, although large industrial. their production appeared only in the 40s. 20th century World production of nonwoven materials is approx. 16 billion m 2 (1985), with the United States accounting for 59% of all capitalist production. countries of nonwoven materials, the share of Western countries. Europe - 32%, Japan - 9%.
There are non-woven materials such as (canvas-stitched, thread-stitched, fabric-stitched, needle-punched, glued, combined) and batting (canvas-stitched, needle-punched, glued), as well as household and technical. appointments.
The properties of nonwoven materials depend on their structure and production method, and the nature of the raw materials. Nonwoven materials are produced from nature. (cotton, linen, wool) and chemicals. (for example, viscose, polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene) fibers, as well as recycled fiber raw materials (fibers regenerated from scraps and rags) and short-fiber chemical waste. and other industries.
Basic technol. operations for producing nonwoven materials: 1) preparation of raw materials (loosening, cleaning from impurities and mixing fibers, rewinding yarn and threads, preparing solutions of chemicals, for example, fiber agents, surfactants, etc.); 2) formation of a fibrous base (eg, canvas, thread system); 3) bonding the fibrous base into a single system (obtaining a non-woven material); 4) non-woven fabric finishing.
Obtaining a fibrous base. The fibrous canvas layer (surface density 10-1000 g/m2 and more) is most often obtained from fur. method: on a carding machine, a comb or fleece is formed from fibers 45-150 mm long (continuous thin layer fibers with surface density OK. 20 g/m 2), which using special. the devices are stacked “on top of each other” at different angles, resulting in a longitudinal or longitudinal-transverse orientation of the fibers in the canvas.
With aerodynamic method, combed fibers are carried away by the flow and transferred through a channel () to a mesh or conveyor, where they are laid to form a canvas of a layerless structure (non-oriented arrangement of fibers). Hydraulic (wet) method, the canvas is formed from short waterspun fibers on the paper machine wire. Electrostatic In this method, canvas is obtained by laying charged fibers in an even layer on a conveyor having a charge of the opposite sign. Using the fiber-forming method, the canvas is obtained by laying continuous fibers (threads) on the mesh surface of the conveyor immediately after they are molded from or solution.
The fibrous base of threads (system of threads) is formed by laying several. layers of yarn or ready-made chemicals. thread ordering, e.g. in the form of a grid, or chaotically.
Production and use of nonwoven materials. Fiber base physical-mechanical, physical-chemical. or combined methods.
Fiz.-kh and m. methods of fastening the fibrous base in the production of nonwoven materials are the most common; They are used to produce glued nonwoven materials. Fibers (threads) in the canvas into a single system due to adhesive (autohesive) interaction. at the contact boundary there is a fiber (thread). They are used as thermoplastic and in the form of dispersions, solutions, fusible and bicomponent fibers. Sometimes they don't use it; in this case, the base of nonwoven materials is subjected to special. processing (thermal, chemical), leading to a decrease in the fluidity temperature from which the fibers (threads) of the fibrous base are made, or to the appearance of “stickiness” on their surface as a result of plasticization, etc., promoting bonding fibers at their contact points.
There are several. basic methods for producing glued nonwoven materials. The method of impregnating canvas with liquids (dispersions and solutions of acrylonitrile butadiene, acrylic, etc.) is widespread. Impregnation methods are varied: the canvas is immersed in soda; fed into the gap of two shafts, through which the canvas continuously passes; sprayed onto the surface of the canvas special. devices; applied by printing using engraved rollers, templates (similar to applying a pattern to). After impregnation, the fabric is subjected to heat treatment with hot or IR radiation in a special manner. cameras or on .
Using the paper-making method, nonwoven materials are produced from short fibers (2-12 mm), to which wood is sometimes added, on conventional paper-making equipment (see) and from fibers of increased length (40 mm or more) on paper-making machines with an inclined mesh. -synthetic , low-melting fibers (usually polyvinyl chloride), fibrids (see) and bicomponent fibers are introduced into the web before or after it is cast on a paper machine. Then the canvas is dried and subjected to heat treatment, as in the previous impregnation method. The resulting nonwoven materials are paper-like; the use of longer fibers improves their textile properties. This method produces (at high productivity up to 300 m/min) non-woven disposable materials, for example. tablecloths, bed linen, .
The method of thermal bonding is more advanced than impregnation, because the use of liquids is eliminated, wastewater treatment is not required, etc. In this case, it is possible to obtain nonwoven materials of various types. structures and holy The canvas is formed from the so-called. base fibers- polyamide, viscose, polyester or mixtures thereof with fusible (polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) and bicomponent fibers. Special coatings are applied to the canvas or individual layers of comb. devices of resins (phenol- or melamine-form-aldehyde) and (or) or only a solution for the surface layer of fibers. After this, the canvas enters the heat chamber, and then onto the surface as a result of pressing.
A variation of the method is local heating of the canvas or the ribs of the shaft, when fusion zones () are formed, the canvas (powdered is not used). can also be carried out with high-frequency currents and beams. This method produces more voluminous materials than those discussed above.
The spunbond method of producing nonwoven materials from solutions is developing at an accelerated pace (it already accounts for 30% of the production of nonwoven materials from their total volume). This method combines the production of chemicals. fibers and nonwovens. The fibers (threads) in the canvas formed on the mesh of the receiving, moving conveyor (after the fibers exit the dies) are glued to each other at the intersection points autohesively, if they have not lost their “stickiness”, otherwise by knitting, needle-piercing or any physical-chemical way. Using the spinneret method, you can form a canvas from fibers of any length, even almost infinite. Increasing the length of the fibers sharply increases the coefficient. using them in nonwoven materials, which allows reducing the requirements for the substance or reducing its content in the material, resulting in an increase in material. Spinning machines can be used to form at high speed not only webs, but also products of complex configurations.
Naib. glued nonwoven materials produced using new technology from films (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide), excluding the production of fibers. The essence of the method is that it is split into fibrils (using a needle-punching machine or special fibrillators) and then .
Glued nonwoven materials are used as heat and sound insulation, filter, container and wiping fabrics, as a basis for polymer coatings(artificial, linoleum, oilcloth) and abrasive materials, such as cushioning materials for clothing, canvases for printing, materials for reinforcement.
F and z.-m e x. Methods: knitting, needle-piercing, felting.
Knitting-stitching non-woven fabrics are produced on a special basis. machines by knitting fibrous canvases (thread-stitched non-woven materials), thread systems (thread-stitched non-woven materials), as well as their combination with other materials (frame-stitched non-woven materials), with threads or bundles of fibers, for example. with (fabric-stitched), films (film-stitched). On all machines for the production of knitting-stitched nonwoven materials, the looping process is carried out, as in the production of knitwear, except that a separate thread is laid for each. All machines move simultaneously, pierce the fibrous base and return to their original position, pulling the knitting thread through it. For knitting, cotton yarn, nylon, lavsan, chlorine and other complex threads are used.
Naib. The canvas-stitching method is economical, and thread-stitched nonwoven materials are similar in properties to knitwear. The range of fabrics produced using this technology is unusually wide: substitutes for clothing, terry towels, art. fur, decorative fabrics, etc.; in heat and sound insulation technology. materials, base for synthetic. coatings, etc.
Needle-punched nonwovens are produced on needle-punched machines. The bonding of fibers in canvas occurs as a result of their fur. tangling when repeatedly piercing the jagged canvas. Features of needle punching machines, nozzle design.
This method is used to produce, for example, filter cloths for decomposition. environment, heat and sound insulation. and tech. cloth, floor coverings, geotextile materials that have high permeability (like sand) and (they are used as drainage and filter material in the construction of roads, dams, bridges, buildings, etc.).
The felting method produces nonwoven materials from pure wool fibers or a mixture of them with chemicals (up to 40%) using fur. impacts on the fibrous layer in a humid environment at elevated temperatures. Under these conditions, wool fibers are felted (moved, intertwined, compacted), forming felt. The resulting semi-finished product is subjected to rolling for decomposition. machines for further compaction, shrinkage and giving it a given shape and size. Then the felted fabric or product is sent to wet finishing, and dry finishing. This method produces felt, felted and felt products (shoes, hats).
K o m b i n i r. methods for producing nonwoven materials, including several. methods of bonding the fibrous base are used to produce nonwoven materials of improved quality (for example, greater dimensional stability, increased strength, with better deformation properties). Thus, elcl-flocked nonwoven materials are produced by oriented application in an electric field. high voltage field of relatively short fibers (length 0.3-10 mm) onto a substrate (eg textile or film) previously coated. The final fixation of the fibers in the adhesive layer is carried out in drying chamber. This method produces non-woven materials that imitate natural suede, fur, packaging materials, etc.
Depending on the purpose, nonwoven materials are produced in an unbleached (severe) form or subjected to finishing (for example, bleaching, pile cutting).
Lit.: Bershev E.N., Kuritsina V.V., Kurilenko A.I., Smirnov G.P., Technology for the production of nonwoven materials, M., 1982; Ozerov B.V., Gusev V.E., production of nonwoven materials, M., 1984.
V.M. Gorchakova.
These are textile products made from fibers or threads joined together without the use of weaving methods. Large industrial production nonwoven materials appeared in the 40s. 20th century Modern nonwoven materials are one of the main types of textile products in many countries. Materials obtained by physical and chemical methods. Most nonwovens, so-called bonded nonwovens, are produced by methods in which the fibers are joined using adhesives (adhesives). The most common are glued nonwoven materials, the basis of which is the so-called fibrous canvas (a layer of textile fibers, the weight of 1 m2 is from 10 to 1000 g or more).
Briefly, according to the TSB definition, “Nonwoven materials are textile products made of fibers or threads interconnected without the use of weaving methods.”
Most often, the canvas is formed mechanically (Fig. 1) from several layers of carding coming from the removable drum of a carding machine. The canvas is produced by the aerodynamic method, in which the fibers are removed from the carding drum by a stream of air and, to form the canvas, are transferred to a mesh drum (condenser) or to a horizontal mesh with maximum speed up to 100 m/min and more. The canvas can also be produced from an aqueous dispersion of fibers on the mesh of a paper machine. Depending on the characteristics of fiber gluing, there are several methods for producing glued nonwoven materials. The most common method is based on impregnating the canvas with a liquid binder - synthetic latex. The canvas is immersed in a bath of binder or the binder is sprayed over the surface of the canvas.
Sometimes impregnation is used, similar to applying a pattern to the surface of a fabric using printing. The impregnated material is dried and processed in thermal chambers heated by hot air or infrared emitters. Canvas is usually formed from cotton, a mixture of viscose and polyamide fibers, or from textile waste, including non-spun ones. Nonwoven materials obtained by this method (speed 50 m/min or more) are used as lining and cushioning materials, for filters, as thermal soundproofing materials in the automotive industry, etc. With the hot pressing method, gluing of fibers is carried out with thermoplastics (polyamides, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.) under pressure up to 2 MN/m2 (20 kgf/cm2) at elevated temperatures, usually on special calenders.
Gluing is preceded by heat treatment of a layer of fibers containing a binder, which is introduced into the canvas at the stage of its formation (in the form of fusible fibers, mesh, threads, etc.) or into an already formed canvas (in the form of powder). When producing nonwoven materials using paper-making machines (speed 100 m/min or more), a binder (latexes, fusible fibers, etc.) is introduced into the mass entering the machine, or into the already cast fabric. Such nonwoven materials are cheap and widely used in the production of disposable products (bed linen for hotels, towels, tablecloths, dressings).
With the spunbond method, synthetic fibers formed at the exit of the spinnerets of the spinning machine pass through channels in which they are drawn out in the air flow, and then, when laid on a moving conveyor, form a web. The formed material is most often secured with a binder; in some cases, the stickiness of the fibers themselves is used. With the structure-forming method, the production of nonwoven materials is possible without the use of fibers: the fabric is formed as a result of the formation of condensation structures from solutions or aerosols of polymers (in the form of a porous, sometimes fibrous sediment, which may contain fillers, then washed out) or by curing foam, etc. Such nonwoven materials “ breathe" like fabric. They can be used instead of fabric or paper in technology (for filters, etc.) and for household purposes. Materials received by mechanical means. In the production of canvas-stitched nonwoven materials (technology “malivatt” - GDR, “arachne” - Czechoslovakia, etc.) in the canvas moving through the knitting-stitching machine, the fibers are fixed as a result of stitching them with threads, which are laid and connected in the same way as when warping on a knitted fabric car.
Such non-woven materials are used as thermal insulation (instead of woven batting, etc.) or packaging materials, as a basis in the production of artificial leather, etc. The productivity of one unit is 3-8 m/min or more. Thread-stitched nonwoven materials (malimo materials - GDR) are produced by stitching one or more thread systems. These nonwoven materials are used for decorative purposes, for beach and outerwear, towels, etc. Of particular interest are thread-stitched nonwoven materials with pile sagging loops (half loops), which successfully compete with woven terry materials (of the “frotte” type). Plain-stitched nonwoven materials are made by stitching a textile fabric with pile yarn (Malipol material - GDR), the use of which helps to improve the structure and properties of the fabric. For this purpose, fabric, “malimo” material, etc. are used. Non-woven materials for coats and skirts are stitched with wool yarn, the base for tufted carpets (550 cm wide) - with carpet yarn using needles pulling it through the fabric. When the needle moves back, the yarn is caught in the holder, resulting in loops.
To secure the loops, a binder is applied to the back of the carpet. Machine productivity is 5 m2/min or more. Using knitting and stitching machines, nonwoven materials are produced without the use of threads (Voltex materials - GDR, Arabeva - Czechoslovakia, etc.). Such nonwoven materials may consist, for example, of fabric and scrim made from long fibers. After pulling the canvas fibers through the woven frame, strong loops are formed on the reverse side of the nonwoven materials, and fluffy and high pile is formed on the front side. Such nonwoven materials are used as insulating pads in sportswear and demi-season coats, for the manufacture of hats, warm shoes, etc. The most promising are needle-punched nonwoven materials made by entangling fibers in canvas and stitching it with barbed needles. Piercing the material occurs when the board with needles moves downwards (all the way). When it moves upward, the material moves forward (machine productivity 5 m/min).
Such non-woven materials are used as carpets, which successfully compete not only with woven, but also with tufted carpets, since they do not require yarn for production. Needle-punched nonwoven materials are also used as blankets, cloth for paper-making machines, filters, etc. Nonwoven materials also include felted textile materials (see Felting), the manufacture of which uses the ability of wool fibers to felt (during mechanical or heat-moisture processing ). A fabric frame is sometimes introduced into the composition of such nonwoven materials. The technology for their production has a long history (this is how, for example, felt boots are obtained). Lit.: Technology of production of nonwoven materials. M., 1967; Tikhomirov V.B. Chemical technology for the production of nonwoven materials. M., 1971; Perepelkina M.D., Shcherbakova M.N., Zolotnitskaya K.N. Mechanical technology production of nonwoven materials. M., 1973.
The development process of the nonwoven materials industry in Russia can be divided into four stages:
The first stage is the formation of the industry (60–70s).
The second stage is its heyday (80s).
The third stage is a sharp decline in production (90s).
The fourth stage is the rise in production and prospects for the development of nonwoven materials at the present time.
Source: Bolshaya Soviet encyclopedia
and other sources
Current state
Nonwovens are made from synthetic polypropylene fibers. Non-woven materials (or non-woven) are most widely used in Russia as the basis for various building coatings made of polymers (linoleum, wallpaper, soft roof). The production of so-called agrotextiles (or agrofabrics, leading brands are Agrotex, Spunbond, Plantex), used in agriculture as a promising covering material, is also constantly growing. By the way, TD "Polibit" also supplies greenhouse and greenhouse film and garden design items.
Depending on the further use of the nonwoven material, use different kinds bonding of fibers, the most common of which are: thermal bonding of fibers with an engraved calender, needle-punched method and a combination of needle-punched method and chemical bonding.
Another area of use of nonwoven materials, thanks to their the highest warmth soundproofing characteristics, - as a cushioning material in the production of footwear, clothing, and medical products. The main operational properties of nonwoven materials are their lightness and strength, which are perfectly complemented by their low price, ease of use, frost and fire resistance. Nonwoven materials have a very wide range of operating temperatures - from -60 to +100 °C.
The production of nonwoven materials (NM) is becoming the most promising direction in the textile industry. The volume of production and consumption of nonwovens is growing faster than fabrics and knitwear. This is due to the fact that the production of nonwoven materials is the shortest and cheapest way to obtain a large assortment of textile fabrics.
Spunbond is a very light, environmentally friendly, durable thermally bonded non-woven material with a density of 60 to 550 g/m2. made from the finest polypropylene threads (100% polypropylene). Spunbond is used as a replacement for more expensive materials. The main properties of the material are low cost, high strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions, ease of cut, durability, environmental friendliness, heat resistance, isotropy (uniformity) and breathability. It can be laminated. Recommended for use as insulation in damp environments. This non-woven material (according to manufacturing technology) can be found under different trademarks depending on the manufacturer and country of origin. In the USSR, the process of producing nonwoven materials using the spunbond method was called cold molding. The spunbond production method, hereinafter referred to as the “spunbond process,” combines into one line the process of obtaining fibers, canvas formation, as well as obtaining the finished fabric by bonding the fibers.
Geosynthetics
Geosynthetics(geosynthetics) – these are any polymer materials, designed to change the natural properties of soils.
This change usually concerns either the filtration properties of the soil (as a rule, the filtration coefficient of too loose soil is reduced) or its strength characteristics (for example, the strength of weak soils is increased by using geogrid reinforcement).
The ancestor of geosynthetic materials can be considered geotextiles (dornite). Other geosynthetic materials are often considered to be related to geotextiles (dornite). The three main groups of materials that are most common are geotextiles, geomembranes, and geogrids/geogrids. However, the functional specification of these materials is not very clearly expressed. The same set of materials can be used in a variety of cases, and each individually can perform different functions.
Synthetic fibers(threads) are formed from polymers that do not exist in nature, but are obtained by synthesis from natural low-molecular compounds. Among the most common and known species The following fibers include: polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol.
Enterprises:
1. “Nomatex”, Novaya Maina 1. Spunbond (roofing).
2. PE fiber 1. Purchase of equipment for the production of spunbond (base for roofing). Capacity - 25 thousand m2 per year.
2. Purchase of equipment for the production of PE fiber from primary and secondary granulate. 1. 2004–2005
2. 2006
2. “Polyef”, Blagoveshchensk 1. PET.
2. Polyester fibers 1. Organization of production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Equipment: SSP (solid phase polymerization) unit from UOP Sinko (USA). Capacity - 120 thousand tons per year. The total cost of the project is €9 million.
2. Organization of production of polyester fibers. Capacity - 60.6 thousand tons per year. 1. 2004–2005
2. The deadline depends on the receipt of investments
3. “Regent”, Moscow Spunbond (hygiene, medicine) Construction of a plant in Podolsk and acquisition of equipment for the production of Spunbond. Equipment from REIFENHAUSER GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik. The total investment amount is about €30 million. Capacity is 10 thousand tons of canvas per year. Raw materials - 100% PP. February 2004 – early 2006
4. Sea-Airlaid, Chelyabinsk 1. Airlaid (hygiene, medicine, wiping, filtration).
2. Bicomponent fiber 1. Purchase of equipment for the production of fabrics using Airlaid “air” technology. Equipment from Dan-Web. Raw materials - bicomponent (PP + polyethylene), superabsorbent and cellulose.
2. Organization of production of bicomponent fiber. 1.Completed in September 2004
2. 2005–2006
5. Komitex, Syktyvkar 1. PE fiber.
2. Geotextile, base for PVC coating 1. Organization of production of PE fiber from primary and recycled fiber. Capacity - 20 thousand tons per year.
2. Purchase of equipment for the production of needle-punched NMs. Raw materials - polyester, polypropylene. 1. 2005–2006
2. 2005–2006
6. Freudenberg-Politex, Nizhny Novgorod Base for roofing Organization of production of base for roofing materials. Capacity - 8 thousand tons of canvas per year. Investments - €10–15 million. Launch - 1st half of 2006.
7. “UralPlastik”, Yekaterinburg Agrotextiles, packaging, furniture Organization of production of nonwoven materials Spunbond with a surface density of up to 150 g/m2. Capacity - up to 3.5 thousand tons per year. 2005–2006
Many summer residents strive to plant and sow everything as quickly as possible. In this case, non-woven covering materials from foreign and foreign countries come to their rescue. domestic production. These can be various types of agrospan, spunbond, agrotex. They provide reliable protection from frost and create an optimal microclimate for active plant growth.
What types of paintings are there?
The modern summer resident today has huge selection products that protect plants from bad weather. Covering nonwoven materials are presented in a very wide range, and among the most popular types we should highlight:
- lutrasil;
- spunbond;
- agril;
- agrospan;
- Lumitex.
Each of these types of materials has its own specific characteristics that must be taken into account when choosing them.
What are the differences between covering sheets?
Covering nonwoven materials are quite similar in appearance, but still differ from each other. When choosing them, you must take into account the product labeling, which is indicated by numbers. The higher it is, the denser the material. It will also retain heat much better.
The thinnest and lightest covering materials are well suited for frameless shelter. In addition, they have very excellent light transmission, helping to create favorable conditions for growing plants. Such products can also protect plants from insect pests and birds.
Covering nonwovens marked No. 23 have the same qualities as thinner products, but they are much stronger. To provide protection against severe frosts, products marked No. 30 and No. 42 are ideal, as they help ensure the most best conditions.
It is worth noting that without a frame, only lightweight non-woven covering material can be used, while denser and more durable products require a reliable and stable frame. The most durable products are considered to be models marked No. 60 and No. 80.
Quality of covering materials
The quality of covering nonwoven material can be judged by several criteria. First of all, you need to take into account the presence of ultraviolet radiation stabilizers, and also pay attention to the uniformity of density. It is best to select products famous manufacturers, which have already proven themselves in the market.
It is worth remembering that shelter is required not only for garden crops, but also for heat-loving young trees and shrubs. In addition, roses may require such material. In this case, it is worth choosing agrotex or agrospan.
Density of covering material
If you have a greenhouse, the covering non-woven material must be selected very carefully. In particular, this product varies in density. The following options are available:
- lungs;
- average;
- dense.
Lightweight products are produced only white. They can be used without supports and placed directly on the seedlings immediately after they are planted in the soil. A comfortable microclimate is formed under such shelter. The material is particularly light, it does not damage the stems, and the plants will independently lift the canvas from the ground as they grow. Such a shelter will help protect the plantings from the sun, severe frosts and insects.
Medium-density products are also white. They have a density of 28-42 g/m2. This material is ideal for covering greenhouses and greenhouses. They cover berries, shrubs, and crops for the winter.
Black non-woven covering material is characterized by high density. This fiber is ideal for soil mulching. It prevents weeds from germinating. Not getting enough sunlight, they cannot develop normally and simply die. Seedlings need to be planted in special slots. In addition, it is worth noting that non-woven weed covering material warms up very well and provides the seedlings with the required warmth.
White durable material is used for equipment of greenhouses; it is stretched over supports, as well as onto a frame to protect plants. Modern innovative material It is considered a two-layer fabric, the bottom layer of which is black and the top layer is white. The black side of such a canvas is laid on the soil to avoid the appearance of weeds. The white side will reflect the light. In this case, the crop will grow much faster.
Purpose of covering material
Non-woven covering material for greenhouses is in great demand among summer residents, as it supports comfortable temperature and the moisture needed to grow a bountiful crop. Taking into account the use of modern innovative technologies covering materials allow:
- increase productivity;
- protect plants from frost;
- retain moisture in the soil;
- reduce the effort spent on processing beds.
In order for such a product to be beneficial, you need to choose the right non-woven covering material for the beds. When purchasing the required option, you need to consider many different parameters.
Lutrasil
Lutrasil is a non-woven covering material for beds, which looks like a spider web. Its advantage is that condensation does not form underneath it at all. If necessary, it can be left on the soil for a long time.
The density of lutrasil may vary. The lightest option is considered to be thermoselect, which can withstand frosts down to -2 degrees. Frostselect is considered a denser option, which helps protect seedlings from hail, pests, birds and frost.
Black non-woven covering material provides the greatest degree of protection, so it is most often used when planting plants in the soil, having previously made holes in the fabric. It helps create the most favorable thermal conditions at the roots.
Spunbond
In the last few years, spunbond non-woven covering material has begun to be in great demand.
As a result of a special manufacturing method, a wear-resistant, durable and strong material is obtained, which is widely used in various fields of agriculture. Depending on the density of the canvas, it can be used in open or protected ground. We can highlight the main areas where this product can be used. It is used for:
- accelerating soil warming;
- obtaining the earliest possible shoots;
- protecting the surface layer of soil from drying out;
- protecting plants from severe frosts.
Before using Sanbond to protect plants from bad weather conditions, you need to take into account its main technical characteristics:
- good breathability;
- light transmittance;
- low weight;
- homogeneous structure;
- resistance to adverse factors;
- is not subject to putrefactive changes and bacteria.
Spunbond can be used at any time of the year. In spring, it helps to better warm the soil for early sowing. In addition, high-density spunbond can be used to cover greenhouse and greenhouse frames.
Agril
Agril is a covering material with a high degree of light permeability, but it also scatters ultraviolet radiation well. That is why in the hot season the plants will not steam, and during frosts they will not become hypothermic. The fabric allows air and moisture to pass through well. In addition, it is durable and easy to use.
Agril helps protect the soil from erosion, crust formation on the soil, compaction, and will shorten the ripening period of plants. Black agrill does not allow light to pass through and eliminates the need for frequent weeding.
Agrospan
Agrospan covering material is suitable for use at any time of the year. This canvas brings together the most best qualities other products. During the cold season, it helps protect seeds, seedlings and seedlings from frost. In summer, it provides protection from excessive amounts of ultraviolet radiation.
Agrospan is a synthetic fiber that looks like non-woven fabric. Manufacturers produce canvases in black and white. White material is ideal for covering seedlings in a greenhouse or greenhouse. The black material is used for mulching the soil. It provides protection against weeds and pests.
With the help of new technologies used in the production process, a strong and durable fabric is obtained. It has the following advantages:
- creating the required microclimate;
- protection against overheating and excessive cooling of the soil;
- reducing watering;
- protection from pests and diseases;
- durability.
However, this fiber also has certain disadvantages. The main disadvantage is considered not high level thermal insulation, which has a very bad effect on the growth of heat-loving plants.
Lumitex
Lumitex is a transparent material various colors, which helps enhance the flow of light. At the same time, the canvas delays and reflects part of the infrared radiation, thereby protecting the plants from overheating. It allows moisture and carbon dioxide to pass through very well.
This material looks quite unusual, as it is available in various colors and has a corrugated texture. This product is very convenient to use and is suitable for covering strawberries and cucumbers. It can last for a long time.
Mulching covering material
Mulching material for covering plants is very often used in gardening. It can be organic or inorganic. Organic fabric can gradually rot. The soil covered with it is enriched with useful substances. Thus, the characteristics of the soil and its acidity gradually change. Given this fact, organic mulch must be used very carefully.
Inorganic covering material additionally performs decorative function. As mulch, you can use colored and black film, which can be combined with decorative plantings.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate coating is the best alternative to film for greenhouses. This reliable material, which is able to protect plants from rain, bacteria, wind, while creating the best conditions for optimal growth and development of garden crops.
Polycarbonate is essentially a sheet of plastic with cavities inside that somewhat resemble a honeycomb. Such sheets are highly durable and lightweight.
Non-woven synthetic material (NSM) is a non-woven needle-punched fabric, which is made by weaving synthetic polymer fiber. It is not subject to wear and rot. Due to the combination of excellent indicators, the material is convenient to use in most areas of human activity: construction works, road construction, pipeline laying, Agriculture, design and more.
The NSM is capable of performing four functions at once:
- Filtration. Due to its unique structure, the canvas prevents the passage of sand and earth particles into the pores of the material, preventing the possibility of silting;
- Drainage. Prompt drainage of water is ensured, which increases the performance of the drainage system;
- Reinforcing. Like a geogrid, it takes on the soil load and can partially withstand tensile stress;
- Dividing. NSM serves separating layer, eliminating mixing of the top layer and base. At the same time, the thickness of the top layer does not change.
Advantages of the material
NSM is widely popular today due to:
- Durability;
- Environmental friendliness. The canvas is not affected chemical elements, thanks to which harm to people and nature can be avoided;
- Strength. The material has a high level of resistance to mechanical stress and puncture. Tensile threads allow the web to be lengthened, which eliminates the possibility of damage during installation;
- Resistance to natural factors. Does not cause debate, siltation and does not rot. It is resistant to ultraviolet rays, acids, alkalis and organic substances. The material is not affected in any way by fungi and bacteria;
- Ease of installation. NSM is supplied in the form of easy-to-transport rolls, which, if necessary, can be cut into two parts using an ordinary saw. hand saw. The material can also be cut with scissors and a knife;
- Economical. With all its advantages, NSM is relatively inexpensive, which is the main reason for its use in many areas of life.
Areas of use
- Is a filter in drainage systems;
- Men at work. Used for laying railway tracks, highways. It is assigned a reinforcing function; Can also be used for garden paths.
- Agriculture. NSM material can protect crops from weeds, and the soil from contamination by microorganisms and drying out.
- In construction. Used as a waterproofing layer and protective layer in the roof and foundation;
- Strengthening the banks and slopes of reservoirs;
NSM characteristics table
