Archives and libraries. Automated system for monitoring temperature and humidity in a building Control of temperature and humidity in premises

The developed network capabilities of the S2000-T controller allow you to connect various slave devices, which the controller picks up automatically. Thus, from a connected two-wire communication line (DPLS) network, through a device manufactured by NVP "Bolid" S2000-KDL, which is a DPLS controller and connected to the S2000-T via the RS-485 interface, the master controller can receive data from the temperature and humidity sensors S2000- VT. Through one DPLS controller, up to 60 temperature and humidity sensors are available for monitoring. In addition, in addition to the S2000-T controller itself, you can connect up to 6 TE temperature sensors or various humidity converters. This allows you to build branched monitoring systems at objects such as archives, libraries, museums, etc. Using the Condition Block of the S2000-T controller, it is not difficult for the user to program their own discrete outputs to turn on additional devices, for example: a dehumidifier, air conditioner or exhaust fan by threshold value from any sensor.

Functionality in operating mode:

• Monitoring of temperature and humidity values ​​measured by S2000 VT sensors and sensors connected to their own analog inputs
• The ability to automatically turn on climate control equipment based on a threshold temperature or humidity value

We bring to your attention a software and hardware complex that implements centralized automated monitoring, registration and control of the microclimate at objects, regardless of their location. Information is received in real time.

Before installing permanent sensors, you should carry out temperature mapping of the object, which will allow you to identify critical points, as well as determine whether the room is suitable for the storage conditions of your products. This procedure allows you to detect storage areas with differences in humidity and temperature above the maximum permissible values.

The data obtained will allow you to accurately determine the location that is best suited for placing goods and the temperature sensors themselves for constant and timely monitoring of the microclimate. During the mapping procedure, we use a range of proven temperature recorders, it is carried out three times a year - summer, winter and autumn (or spring), in a room where all engineering work has been completed.

Our company offers you complete system validation package, as well as the main approaches to its organization. By contacting us, you can be sure that you will receive quality service.

Software and hardware measuring complex

Our company offers software and hardware tools for recording, monitoring and controlling microclimatic parameters.

The package of services we offer includes:

1. Supervised installation of complex equipment.
2. Mapping of premises using the temperature method.
3. Validation of the entire supplied software and hardware complex.
4. Checking temperature and humidity sensors and loggers.

The company strives to most fully satisfy the needs of our customers and partners. And the best proof of this is our price list with prices below market prices and reliable quality guarantees, confirmed by certificates of conformity of international importance.

Purpose of the software and hardware measuring complex

One of the most notable products of the company is the control and measuring system. This is an innovative software and hardware complex (SHC) designed for highly efficient climate control at industrial facilities and organizations, whose activities are related to the pharmaceutical sector.

The main function of the system is the automated collection, control, visualization and storage of data obtained during the study of the main microclimatic parameters - temperature and relative humidity.

The complex is indispensable in the work of pharmaceutical enterprises with infrastructure including:

1. Warehouses.
2. Rooms with cold and cool microclimates.
3. Production workshops.
4. Laboratories.
5. Climatic, refrigerating and freezing chambers.

Helpful information: The PTC may include digital sensors or autonomous loggers of relative humidity and thermal conditions. Optional, i.e. By connecting additional analogue or discrete sensors, the system supports the ability to measure a number of other microclimate parameters, for example, pressure surges or changes in gas concentrations.

Depending on the software and hardware composition and the needs of the consumer, the complex can be equipped with wired or wireless communications, incl. with access to the global network. Due to this, the complex allows you to organize highly efficient centralized system microclimate monitoring at all facilities of the serviced enterprise. Moreover, regardless of their location on the map, as well as their distance from each other and from the control center.

Main functions of the complex

The hardware of the PTC is assigned the following functions:

1. Display of current measurement results on the screens of the ShKPU module (universal parameter control cabinet).
2. Control of measured values ​​across operating ranges with individual settings.
3. Light and sound alarm in case of deviations of the studied parameters from standard values.
4. SMS notification in case of accidents, as well as repeated sending of messages after normal operation is restored.
5. Duplication and storage of measurement results in the memory of autonomous loggers that control humidity levels and temperature.

As for the software, it has a server/client configuration, and its tasks are as follows:

1. Recording current measurement results into a MySQL database with protection from unauthorized access.
2. Presentation of data obtained during measurements in tables and graphs.
3. Display pop-up messages about events in the controlled area (temperature and humidity violations, communication failures, system warnings, etc.).
4. SMS and e-mail distribution of events occurring in control zones.
5. Calculation and automatic installation warning and emergency ranges.
6. Restricting access of enterprise employees to areas where control measurements are carried out.
7. Maintaining a detailed log of events and recording the actions of facility personnel.
8. Planning and generation of reports (daily, ten-day, quarterly, seasonal, etc.), as well as computer analysis of data obtained during research with subsequent provision of a general summary in PDF format.
9. Export of information received from sensors, loggers and other optional components of the complex into MS Excel (*.xlsx) and 1C (*.xml) formats.
10. Individual configuration of TCP/IP and COM connections for all devices operating as part of the complex, as well as combining individual functions of these types of communications.
11. Rapid processing and analysis of data using a special registration and survey module.

Helpful information: The PTK operating system has an interface with excellent usability, which is beyond the competition in terms of the degree and quality of automation of work and maintenance processes.

PTK: main advantages

Upon delivery technological equipment and PTC components, the manufacturer provides free licenses for the “Server” and “Client” software packages. By making such a purchase, the user receives not only impressive cost savings at the very start of a business project, but also a reinforced concrete guarantee of uninterrupted operation of equipment, communications and operating system complex. And most importantly: since the functionality of the latter has no analogues on the world market, the purchase of the complex opens up a non-competitive range of opportunities and prospects for business.

Besides temperature regime(in the range from -40 to +80 o C) and relative humidity level (0...100%RH) the PTC control area includes the voltage of the electrical network. The complex also controls access to the control room and sensitive rooms of the serviced facility. Control of other parameters of the PTC is provided optionally.

The list of the most noticeable advantages of “Hygrotermon” should start with:

1. 4-year equipment verification interval and general system validation.
2. Possibilities remote control activities of branches and divisions of the parent enterprise.
3. Ease of installation, connection and maintenance of PTC equipment and communications.
4. Automated system setup procedure.
5. Smart self-diagnosis system.

Helpful information: A package of documents for the validation of the complex, as well as the main methods for performing this procedure, were specially developed. As a result, the usability and profitability of the product were raised to the highest level, beyond the wildest fantasies of possible competitors.

PTC equipment meets the regulatory requirements established for modern pharmaceutical industrial enterprises. At the same time, the complex fully satisfies the following provisions:

1. GMP/GDP/GSP standards for pharmaceutical industry facilities.
2. Production control standard medicines and food products (FDA 21CFR part 11).

Also, the PTK complies with the rules put forward by the Ministry of Industry and Trade regarding the organization production processes at pharmaceutical enterprises, as well as quality control of their products. Loggers used by the system are included in state SI registers Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. This ensures the availability of this technology both in the domestic market and in trading platforms neighboring countries.

Technical features of ShKPU modules

The universal parameter control cabinet included in the complex is designed for:

1. Connections for groups of temperature loggers, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, etc. in quantities from 1 to 15, 30 or 60 units as part of one control and diagnostic unit.
2. Visualization of data obtained during microclimate monitoring in the serviced area.
3. Providing light and sound signals when the controlled parameters deviate from the working limits.
4. Converting data and transferring it to the upper control level.

Inside the ShKPU, all the components necessary for the operation of the PTC are conveniently, compactly and neatly placed. To put the module into operation it is enough:

1. Securely attach it to vertical plane walls, columns or other planning details.
2. Connect power supply.
3. Perform routing from the ShKPU to the server that receives and processes control data.
4. Connect the number of sensors, loggers or other sensitive equipment necessary for effective monitoring of the microclimate in the serviced premises.

Several control cabinets can operate as part of one PTC - it all depends on the complexity and scale of the system for controlling and monitoring microclimatic parameters. In most cases, one ShKPU module is sufficient for one building, structure or functional complex of premises of the serviced enterprise.

The hardware design is developed in accordance with the hardware design hierarchy. In this case, the operational features of the control zone, as well as the prospects for modernization and functional expansion of the system serving a specific facility, must be taken into account.

The control cabinet package includes:

1. Actually, a monitoring and control cabinet.
2. 4 pieces of mounting anchor bolts.

Depending on the user’s needs, to organize the operation of the complex, components such as:

1. Temperature and relative humidity loggers of the DS1923-F5 series (designed to monitor climatic parameters in control zones with a temperature range of -20...+85 o C, have basic protection from moisture, dust and other aggressive operating factors)
2. Loggers DS1922L-F5 (have a frost-resistant, moisture-proof design and are designed to work in rooms with a temperature range of -40...+85 o C).
3. Cable adapter format 1w-2/3, incl. with a built-in temperature sensor, necessary for connecting loggers and sensors to the head equipment of the ShKPU.
4. A light and sound alarm system designed for timely notification of persons responsible for the operation of the complex and facility personnel about violations of the regulatory microclimate regime in control zones.
5. Service kit iBDLR-0-U for reprogramming loggers and reading operating data from them.

Characteristics of ShKPU and loggers

To organize the operation of the complex systems, the manufacturer has provided 3 types of ShKPU with dust and moisture protection IP41. They differ in the maximum permissible number of connected loggers or sensors.

The smallest control cabinets - ShKPU-1 - allow you to organize maintenance of premises with a total area of ​​no more than 1000 square meters. Only one logger loop can be connected to such a module, designed to install 15 control and measuring points, but during a power outage it can operate in autonomous mode for at least 4 hours.

Helpful information: The standard cable length is 100 m and it is not recommended to exceed it, because this entails an increase in the error of control measurements to an unacceptable level.

ShKPU-2 are controlled by a group of 30 loggers or sensors placed on 2 loops. Cabinets of this category are included in the hardware and software systems for servicing facilities with an area of ​​up to 2000 sq. m.

The most spacious are ShKPU-4. They allow you to expand the complex to 60 sensors, and the latter are connected using 4 loops. This ensures an increase in the total area of ​​the control zone to 4000 square meters. Time battery life cabinets of categories 2 and 3 are within 2 and 1 hour, respectively.

The results of current measurements of loggers operating as part of the complex are displayed on the ShKPU display. Operating information is entered into the internal memory of the system and exported to the nearest server via Ethernet using TCP/IP data transfer technology. PTK optionally supports a number of alternative data interfaces. If necessary, the complex can establish communication with servers and clients of the complex through:

1. Radio broadcasts in the 433 MHz band.
2. Available GSM solutions.
3. RS485 standard (data transmission is carried out via Ethernet, but by sending/receiving differential electrical pulses).
4. Fiber optic lines.

Registration of temperature and humidity levels in controlled premises is carried out autonomously. First of all, the measurement results are entered into the logger memory, designed for 8192 records, and then sent to the server. Here they are entered into a journal and sent for further processing.

Helpful information: ShKPU have restrictions on connecting pressure sensors: the latter are optionally included in the control and measuring system in an amount of no more than 4 units.

It remains to add that despite the difference in functionality, control cabinets of all three categories have same sizes(800*800*200) and weight 45 kg. The manufacturer recommends operating the ShKPU within the temperature range of +5...+40 o C and at indoor air humidity of no more than 93%. The discreteness of thermal measurements performed by the system loggers does not exceed 0.0625 o C, while the overall error in measuring temperature and humidity lies within +/-0.5 o C.

The technological process of storing goods exposed to temperature is one of the key ones for such areas as the production and distribution of food and medicines. There is no need to describe the consequences of violations of temperature storage conditions and what consequences this leads to - from loss of reputation in business to a detrimental effect on human health. Moreover, the standards and regulations of the GDP and SanPin today require distributors and manufacturers to strictly adhere to the standards for storage and transportation of temperature-sensitive goods. The widespread implementation of the international standard of good distribution practice GDP in Russia places serious demands on players in the grocery and pharmaceutical markets, obliging them to implement automated systems for monitoring temperature and humidity at storage sites, move away from paper temperature logs to electronic ones (which cannot be compromised), install light- sound alarms that are triggered when the storage regime is violated.

Today, thanks to technology, it is possible to optimize the costs of controlling temperature and humidity conditions (THR), transferring this function to reliable automation. Our company is an expert in the field of design and construction of continuous microclimate monitoring systems and is ready to offer you optimal solution, which will fully meet all the requirements of the GDP standard and SanPin standards.

Name of our complex "ANEMONE" derived from words A automated Not discontinuous Mon itoring. ANEMONES are also very beautiful flowers.

Complex of automated continuous monitoring "ANEMON".

Having worked for years in the market of monitoring systems, we offer you a system based on the needs of companies and incorporating the best practices. The ANEMON complex consists of 2 parts - hardware and software.

Only certified equipment is used as hardware Russian production. The sensors have a permissible error of ±0.2 °C to ±0.5 °C, which fits into the regulations of the GDP standard and SanPin norms (±0.5 °C) and are mandatory included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments. Equipment connection can be either wired or wireless to facilitate installation. Hybrid options are possible, when part of the system is wired and part is wireless. Sensors are selected for a specific project and their performance may depend on various conditions, such as installation location, temperature range and much more.

The ANEMON system can be equipped with a free-standing refrigerator or chamber, and can also be scaled up to thousands of sensors in a large warehouse complex. Thanks to modularity, functionality can be increased gradually, precisely fitting into requirements and budgets.

Wired version of the ANEMON temperature and humidity monitoring system.

IN in this case sensors are connected wired using a reliable industrial RS-485 interface. The length of 1 line with sensors can reach 600 m when using shielded twisted pair and up to 1200 m, when using a specialized cable type MKEShv. Number of lines in the system - not limited! Number of sensors in the system - 65000 . Due to the fact that the number of lines with sensors can be as large as desired, the complex will cover a room of any complexity - from a separate refrigeration chamber to warehouse complexes with an area of ​​tens of thousands of square meters!

The lines are connected to small control cabinets with electronics located on or outside the premises. Typically, the ANEMON system uses 1 control cabinet, but when building a very large-scale system, there may be several of them. The diagram shows the ANEMON system in a wired version.

Wired temperature and humidity monitoring system "ANEMON"

This is the most common version of the ANEMON temperature and humidity monitoring system. It contains one or more lines with sensors that are stretched throughout the room. All lines are collected into a single line and go to the control cabinet. The control cabinet contains controllers, uninterruptible power supply and other electronics necessary for operation. The cabinets are connected to the enterprise’s local network (if the software is installed at the customer’s site) or to the Internet (if the cloud version of the system is used) via Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Users in any case (regardless of the type of software) access the system through a browser.

Advantages:

• High reliability of wire lines.
• There is no need to replace batteries, since power is supplied to sensors and alarms via cable.
• Independence from interference and interference of warehouse equipment.
• The ability to cover any, even the most complex room.

Flaws:

• More complex and time-consuming installation.
• Costs for cables and mounting materials.

Wireless version of the ANEMON temperature and humidity monitoring system.

In the wireless version, the sensors are connected to the cabinet via a radio channel. The signal from the sensors is received by a special modem, which can operate in several modes, in particular as a repeater. Thanks to this, it is possible to build a radio network of sensors of a rather complex structure to cover any premises. The sensors are powered either from an internal source (rechargeable battery or high-capacity battery) or from external unit nutrition. Duration of operation from 1 set of batteries up to 7 years (depending on the quality of the radio signal and the distance of the sensor from the signal receiver and transmission interval). The maximum distance between the sensor and the receiver is 600m or more, depending on reception conditions and interference. This figure refers to a busy warehouse. In open space the range is up to several kilometers. For the rest of its functionality, the wireless system is identical to the wired one, namely, it has a control cabinet that connects to a local network or the Internet. The wireless system diagram is shown in the figure:

Wireless temperature and humidity monitoring system "ANEMON"

Advantages:

• Simple and quick installation.
• No wires.
• Large working radius of sensors.
• Long battery life.
• High speed of system commissioning.

Flaws:

• Regular replacement of batteries or charging of the battery is required.
• Reduced communication range in the presence of interference in the vision of reinforced concrete.

Hybrid version of the ANEMON temperature and humidity monitoring system.

A hybrid (mixed) system combines the advantages of wired and wireless systems. It is intended for complex premises/warehouses, where in one case it is advisable to use radio sensors, and in another wired. For example, you can install several radar sensors to cover very long room, instead of pulling a cable route along it. Thus, it is possible to build a very optimal technical and financially system. The ANEMON hybrid TVR monitoring system is shown in the figure.

Hybrid temperature and humidity monitoring system "ANEMON"

Key features of the ANEMON automated continuous monitoring complex:

• Sensors and all measuring instruments that are used in the system are included in State Register SI and supplied by attorneys. It is also possible to use calibrated sensors. This gives you the opportunity to present testimony to regulatory authorities and use it as solid evidence. The system is designed to work with any parameters - temperature, humidity, gas contamination (any gases), pressure, liquid level, air flow speed and much more.
• The calibration interval of sensors is from 1 to 4 years, which reduces your regular budgets for verification activities.
• All equipment and software are produced in Russia and allow you to save money without overpaying exchange rate differences.
• Uninterruptible power supply, allowing the system to continue operating when 220V is turned off. You are absolutely sure that control over the storage process always works.
• Flexible options for informing responsible personnel about violations of the storage regime - via SMS, via Email, light and sound alarms, touch panels and LED displays, displaying alarms on the control computer screen. There is a delay mode for notifications to avoid false alarms when opening cell doors and short-term temperature spikes.
• Full compliance of equipment and software with the GDP standard and Order of the Ministry of Health No. 646N, which allows the system to be used in the pharmaceutical industry.
• The maximum permissible error of the sensors is ±0.5 °C, which fully satisfies the SanPin and GDP and WHO regulations.
• Reduce outdated tasks for your staff, such as maintaining paper temperature logs and regularly manually checking psychrometers. Journals are easy to compromise, but a secure electronic archive is not! Staff can be busy with more important tasks while automatic system will control microclimate parameters without human intervention.
• Convenient and easy access to data from any workplace via a browser. There is no need to install client software on each computer, much less pay for it! No fees for client locations and number of sensors!
• Buffering of data in the sensor controller in case of disconnection with the central server. Data will never be lost thanks to the buffer that is used between the sensor controller and the software server. Even if communication with the server is lost for several months, the system will continue to record the collected data and when the connection is restored, it will transfer everything to the server.
• The ability to choose a convenient type of software that meets your needs - built into the controller, cloud and corporate.

We have structured the requirements for the monitoring system and invite you to use it to build a monitoring system. .

26.03.2014

Archives and libraries acquire, preserve and make available documents on various media for use. Ensuring the safety of the fund is one of the main tasks assigned to employees.

The preservation of a document refers to its condition, which is characterized by the degree of retention of operational properties (strength, elasticity, wear resistance of the materials that make up the document). This is an indicator of the suitability of a document for use and permanent storage.

The main part of the collections in modern archives and libraries consists of documents on traditional media - books, newspapers, magazines, manuscripts, maps, posters and many other types printed publications. The materials from which they are made are mainly of organic origin: paper, cardboard, leather, wood, lederin, calico, adhesives, printing inks, inks, etc. Another part of the funds are documents on media from synthetic materials: microfilms, microfiches, laser and optical discs, etc.

All documents change during storage and use, gradually become unusable, and are destroyed. There are several reasons for damage to documents: chemical instability of their constituent materials, unsuitable conditions environment, unsatisfactory storage and handling, emergency situations, vandalism.

All materials from which documents are made, both natural and artificial, change their original properties over time. There is a natural process of changing the properties of materials - aging. As a rule, it is the result of a combination of various factors.

Air temperature and humidity

The process of natural aging of materials accelerates with noticeable changes in temperature and humidity in the book depository. Increasing temperature affects the rate of most chemical reactions, which approximately doubles for every 10°C change in temperature. The damaging effects of temperature on binding materials are especially noticeable.

But increased temperature usually has a noticeable effect at very high or very low air humidity. High air humidity creates a level of moisture content in materials that is sufficient for dangerous chemical reactions to occur. Moreover, in combination with high temperature high humidity promotes the development of microscopic fungi (mold) on materials. Paper is especially sensitive to increased humidity. At high humidity sometimes strong sticking of sheets of paper occurs (mainly coated paper), most often when documents are placed tightly together.

Low air humidity causes materials to dry out. This occurs when documents are stored near heating appliances or window openings oriented to the south, where there is intense natural light. A decrease in relative air humidity below 30% is dangerous, since both leather and paper lose structurally (chemically) bound moisture, which cannot be restored. Materials dry out, lose elasticity, become brittle and brittle.

The temperature and humidity conditions in storage facilities should be as stable as possible. Frequent and large-amplitude fluctuations in temperature and air humidity are even more dangerous than the extreme values ​​of these indicators. Since many materials are able to easily absorb and release moisture, with noticeable daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, they undergo frequent changes of swelling and contraction. The consequence of such changes is deformation of materials (warping, wrinkling, folding), peeling of paints, and shedding of the surface layer. Seasonal changes in temperature and humidity also matter, but, as a rule, they are not as sharp as daily changes and are therefore less dangerous.

The standard establishes the following standards for document storage: for paper documents, the air temperature should be 18±2°C, relative humidity - 55±5%, for black and white film materials - temperature - 15±2°C, relative humidity - 50±5% , for documents on magnetic tapes and disk media – temperature - 17±2°С, relative humidity 60±5%.

Measuring equipment

Measurement and control of temperature and relative humidity in the premises of museums and archives (archive depositories, reading rooms, server rooms and others) can be carried out both periodically and continuously. To carry out these measurements, we recommend that you use devices of the IVTM-7 series.

The main advantages of the IVTM-7 series devices over similar products from other domestic and foreign companies are:

1. The devices belong to the class of professional equipment and are included in the State Registers of Measuring Instruments of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan!

2. High accuracy measurements (measurement error for relative humidity is ±2%, temperature ±0.2 0 C)!

3. Minimum cost for devices of this class!

4. Wide the lineup, which is updated with new models several times a year!

5. If none of the above modifications suits you, then our specialists can develop a device especially for you!

To carry out operational one-time measurements, we recommend that you use thermohygrometers IVTM-7 M1 (with alternating indication of measured values ​​on the LCD display) and IVTM-7 M2 (with simultaneous indication of measured values). The weight of the devices is less than 120 grams, thanks to the ergonomic body and small overall dimensions they are comfortable to carry in the hand. These thermohygrometers are the easiest to use and most affordable.

The probe can be mounted on the device body or connected to it with a 1 meter cable (a distance of up to 10 m is possible).

If you need to take measurements in poor visibility conditions or operate the device in negative temperatures below -10 0 C, pay attention to the portable device IVTM-7 M-S (with LED indication).

IVTM-7M6 devices.

A distinctive feature of the thermohygrometer IVTM-7 M6 (IVTM-7 M6-D) is the recording of measurement results on a removable card microSD memory, which allows you to conveniently transfer measurement results to a computer. You can use any (!) MicroSD memory card; when placed in the slot, the device will automatically format it. In the basic package, the device comes with a 2 GB memory card - this volume is enough to record 4,194,304 points. When recording temperature and air humidity values ​​once per minute, the device memory capacity in mode permanent job enough for 2912.7 days. The IVTM-7 M6-D version has a measurement channel atmospheric pressure. Also, these thermohygrometers have the ability to work with a computer via a USB interface.

If you need a small-sized device for measuring microclimate parameters in display cases with rare books, cabinets and racks with documents, rooms for dust removal and disinfection and other places that are difficult to access or for some reason can only be accessed occasionally, we recommend using IVTM- 7Р-02 – “stack device”.

The uniqueness of IVTM-7 R-02 lies in the fact that the device has small dimensions(35x20mm), and the memory capacity is 10,000 measurement results. The memory capacity is sufficient to carry out offline measurements in real time over a long period. For example, when recording temperature and humidity values ​​every 30 minutes, the device’s memory capacity in continuous operation mode will be enough for more than 200 days.

The thermohygrometer can be easily mounted in any in the right place in a showcase, stained glass window, bookcase and does not require connection to an electrical network. IVTM-7 R-02 is powered by a lithium battery and operates without replacing the battery for up to 2 years. When connected to a computer, the device is powered from the computer.

Since the overall dimensions of IVTM-7 R-02 are small, it is practically invisible where it is placed and does not distract the attention of visitors to the exhibition.

The device does not have an indicator. Therefore, the recorded values ​​of microclimate parameters are viewed on the monitor using computer program. Software allows you to build a graph or table of measured values ​​displaying the exact time when the measurements were taken.

To create a temperature and relative humidity control system that provides constant data recording, you can use portable devices of the IVTM-7 series.

Construction of a measuring network based on portable thermohygrometers allows not only reading readings at control points (at exhibition halls, in storage facilities, etc.), but also in on-line mode to monitor changes in microclimate parameters on the PC screen at the control point.

A system based on portable devices can be “built” from thermohygrometers of the following modifications:

1. Portable thermohygrometers IVTM-7 M3 (with a built-in adapter for combining into a measuring network). The devices are connected into a network using a cable between the devices and a PC, the signal is transmitted through the PI-1 U (PI-1 U-USB) converter directly to the user’s PC.

2. If you do not have the opportunity to lay a cable, then it is possible to create a measurement network based on IVTM-7 M4 devices (with the ability to transmit measurement results to a PC via radio). Information from the devices is sent to the RM-1I radio modem connected to personal computer user. Data received from all devices in the system can be output to one or more PCs for viewing and archiving.

Thermohygrometers are installed in the central aisle at the rate of one device per room, but not less than one per 200 m2 of area. There are no recommendations on the exact location of the premises, as this depends on the availability of supply and exhaust ventilation, central heating, windows and doors, computers and other office equipment. But if necessary, you can consult with our specialists, having previously sent a diagram of the premises.

Features of measuring relative humidity in winter period

Very often in winter, users experience problems associated with a sharp decrease in indoor air humidity. In winter on larger territory In our country, the outside temperature drops to -10...-20 0 C, and the humidity increases - in winter outside it can reach 80-90%. At the same time, thermohygrometers located inside buildings show 5-10%. What are these differences related to?

Moist cold air entering the room from the street heats up and expands. At the same time, the relative humidity decreases. The absolute air humidity remains virtually unchanged. As a result of this constant circulation, the relative humidity indoors in winter is very low. Moreover, the lower the temperature outside, the drier the indoor air.

Let's consider an example of recalculating relative air humidity in winter outside and in a heated room. For this we will use the calculator presented on our website.

1. In the area initial conditions set the parameters corresponding to the winter period. For example:

temperature -15 0 C;

· relative air humidity 75%;

· let's assume the pressure is 1 atm.

2. In the area for specifying conversion conditions, enter the air parameters corresponding to the heated room. For example:

· temperature +25 0 C;

· let's assume the pressure is 1 atm.

In the column of the obtained recalculation results, we see that the relative air humidity in the heated room will correspond to 4.53%. We can also see the results of recalculation of other parameters.

Humidity 4.53% is unacceptable for libraries, archives and museums. That is why these institutions often install forced air humidification systems, which, unfortunately, are not always effective. Let's determine how much moisture needs to be evaporated in a room with a temperature of 20°C at an outside air temperature of -15°C and a relative humidity of 75% in order to maintain the relative humidity in it at a level of 55% with an air exchange rate of 4 ( industrial premises With supply and exhaust ventilation). The dimensions of the room are 4x6x2.5 m. As an example, the humidity in the room for storing paper documents is calculated (air temperature should be 18±2°C, relative humidity - 55±5%).

1. Using a calculator, we determine that 1 m 3 of air at a temperature of -15 0 C and a relative humidity of 75% contains 1.2 g of water (outdoors).
2. Using a calculator, we determine that 1 m 3 of air at a temperature of +18 0 C and a relative humidity of 55% contains 8.5 g of water (indoors).

1. Let's find the amount of moisture that needs to be added to 1 m 3 of outdoor air heated to +18 0 C so that its relative humidity is 55%:

M = A(55%) - A(75%) = 8.5 – 1.2 = 7.3 g.

1. Let's find the volume of the room:

V = 4 x 6 x 2.5 = 60 m3

1. Let's determine the total amount of moisture M:

M = mV = 7.3 x 60 = 438 g.

1. Let's determine the amount of moisture that needs to evaporate in a room per hour with an air exchange rate of 4: M4 = M x 4 = 438 x 4 = 1752 g.

The amount of moisture per day should be 24 x 1752 = 42,048 g.

Thus, to maintain a relative humidity of 50% in a room equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation in winter, it is necessary to evaporate about 42 liters of water per day!

Please note that the calculations do not take into account the fact that various materials (books and other paper products, wooden furniture and much more) those in the room absorb a significant amount of moisture from the air.

Daily fluctuations in humidity (dependence of indoor humidity on outdoor humidity and their changes during the day)

Indoor humidity also depends significantly on daily fluctuations in humidity and outdoor air temperature. Let's look at the graph for readings from a system for monitoring microclimate parameters (in particular, temperature and relative humidity), which is located in our office and on the street next to the building (Moscow, Zelenograd). The office does not have a humidification system, so this schedule typical for similar premises in our region (a sharp increase in humidity in the room is associated with wet cleaning in the room).

Light accelerates the natural aging process of materials. Its impact is manifested in yellowing, browning, decreased strength and elasticity, and the appearance of brittleness of materials; in extinction, i.e. a decrease in the color saturation of texts up to their complete disappearance, in the fading (“burnout”) of binding materials. The effect of light is aggravated by the presence of foreign, light-sensitive agents on the surface of documents and inside the structure of materials. These include not only various pollution, which got on documents during storage and use, but also some bleaching and dyeing substances introduced into the composition of materials during their manufacture. These substances absorb light and act as catalysts.

The rate of damage to materials under the influence of light also depends on the spectral characteristics of the light flux.

Sunlight contains three wavelengths: ultraviolet, visible and infrared. Under the influence of long waves of infrared light, materials heat up and lose moisture; the result of this is their drying out, shrinkage, deformation, loss of elasticity and strength. However, the effect of ultraviolet radiation is more dangerous, since it has high photochemical activity and has a much greater destructive effect on documents. The influence of the third component of sunlight on materials is also unsafe - visible radiation. Natural light poses the greatest danger to documents: even diffused sunlight contains large amounts of ultraviolet radiation. If special glass that filters or diffuses sunlight is not used for glazing, the windows are covered with fabric curtains or blinds. Custodians must ensure that they are always closed.

Long-term artificial lighting has a similar effect. Fluorescent lamps are especially dangerous because they create high level ultraviolet radiation (up to 30% of the luminous flux). The most harmless lighting is provided by incandescent lamps; They are easy to use, but have low luminous efficiency and short service life.

Light irradiation has a cumulative property: the same degree of damage can be the result of both intense, but short-term irradiation, and less intense, but long-term irradiation. It is best to store documents in rooms without natural light; artificial lighting is used only during the selection and placement of documents.

For artificial lighting, lamps with low ultraviolet ray content are used. It is best to use incandescent lamps, but if fluorescent lamps are installed in the storage facility, certain, less dangerous types of lamps must be used.

The illumination of the surface of documents during storage should not exceed 75 lux; the amount of ultraviolet radiation should be practically zero.

Exist regulatory requirements not only to the types of lamps, but also to their installation. The distance from the lamps to the nearest document must be at least 0.5 m. The lamps are mounted in closed shades to ensure uniform diffused light. The design of lamps can be arbitrary, but only one that provides fire safety and protects lamps from mechanical damage and accidental loss.

Measuring equipment

Dust is one of the most aggressive factors. It enters storage facilities from the outside and accumulates indoors due to abrasion various materials. Dust is solid particles suspended in the air or deposited on the surface. In library storage facilities, dust contains more than 80% of long-fiber particles (fibers of paper, cotton, wool, silk, etc.). The duration of their stay in the air depends on the shape and size of dust particles.

Many types of dust are hygroscopic and, being on the surface of materials, increase their moisture content. A large number of spores of fungi and other microorganisms settle on dust particles (a direct relationship has been established between the dust content of documents and their contamination with microorganisms). With local increased moisture content of materials, microorganisms begin to develop, and some types of dust can serve as a nutrient substrate for them.

Mineral dust, especially soot and whitewash, is dangerous due to its abrasive effect, since, penetrating between the fibers of paper, solid particles cut its fibers. When the dust remains on the surface of documents for a long time, it becomes compacted (caked); It turns out to be very difficult to remove. Paper and light binding materials become gray shade, which spoils the appearance of documents.

In addition to particulate matter, the air in book depositories contains a large amount of gaseous pollutants. It is believed that one of the main causes of damage to paper and skin is exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other substances that catalyze hazardous chemical reactions, which leads to the formation and accumulation of acids in materials.

Measuring equipment

Measurement of the optical density of dust and gas environments, as well as mass concentrations of suspended particles (dust), is carried out using instruments of the IKHF series.